牛津译林版（2019）>必修 第一册>Unit 2 Let's talk teens>Assessment学案（5份）

语法精讲②　简单句、并列句和复合句
1．简单句：只含有一个主谓结构。简单句有五种基本句型。
(1)主语＋不及物动词(主谓)
He swims.他游泳。
The girl is drinking.女孩在喝水。
(2)主语＋及物动词＋宾语(主谓宾)
Children often sing this song.孩子们经常唱这首歌。
(3)主语＋连系动词＋表语(主系表)
The bike is new.这辆自行车是新的。
The map is on the wall.地图在墙上。
(4)主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语(人)＋直接宾语(物)(主谓双宾)
She showed her friends all her pictures.
她向她的朋友们展示了她所有的照片。
(5)主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语(主谓复宾)
We keep our classroom clean.
我们保持我们的教室干净。
[特别注意]　简单句只有一个主谓结构。简单句可以有两个或更多的主语，也可以有两个或更多的谓语，但是句子中的主谓结构只有一个。
Computers mean a lot to human beings and are paid more and more attention to by people.计算机对人类意义重大，并越来越受到人们的关注。(两个谓语，一个主语)
2．并列句：由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起的句子，叫并列句。
常见的连词
(1)表示并列关系：and，not only...but also...，neither...nor...等。
(2)表示转折或对比关系：but，yet, while, whereas(然而，反之)等。
(3)表示因果关系：for，so等。
(4)表示选择关系：or，either...or...等。
I'm going to write good jokes and become a good comedian.
我要创作出好的笑话并且成为一个优秀的喜剧演员。
I have travelled to many places, but I still want to visit more.我已经去很多地方旅游过了，但是我还想游览更多的地方。
While Tom's very good at science, his brother is absolutely hopeless.汤姆很擅长理科，而他的兄弟绝对是不可救药。
I'd like to know the class size for I prefer a small class.
我想知道班级的规模，因为我更喜欢人数较少的小班。
They have different ideas, so they have solved the problem in different ways.他们有不同的想法，所以他们用不同的方式解决了问题。
Shall I send the book to you, or will you come to get it？我把书邮寄给你，还是你来取？
3．主从复合句
由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫主从复合句。主句和从句都具有完整的主语和谓语，但从句只是主句的一个成分，不能独立存在。根据从句在全句中的不同作用，从句可分为定语从句、状语从句和名词性从句(包含主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)三大类。
(1)定语从句
用来限制、描绘或说明主句中某一个名词或代词(有时也可以说明整个主句或主句中的一部分)而起定语作用的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句包含限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两大类。限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用，与先行词之间的关系非常密切；非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省去也不会影响主句的意思，它和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。
He has two sons who work in the same company.
他有两个儿子在同一家公司上班。
He failed in the match, which was a great pity.
他在比赛中失败了，这太遗憾了。
(2)名词性从句
名词性从句的功能相当于名词(词组)，在主从复合句中充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语。按其句法功能，名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
That he will come to the discussion is certain.
他肯定会来参加讨论的。(主语从句)
What I have told you is important.
我告诉你的事很重要。(主语从句)
I want to know whether you still work in the factory.
我想知道你是否还在这家工厂工作。(宾语从句)
The question is whether we can finish the work by tomorrow.
问题是我们是否能在明天之前完成这项工作。(表语从句)
The news that he won the game was incorrect.
他赢得比赛的消息是不实的。(同位语从句)
[联想拓展]　其后常接同位语从句的名词有：fact, fear, hope, idea, news, suggestion, desire, thought, problem, possibility等。
(3)状语从句
在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词等的从句叫状语从句。
状语从句的类型 功能 例句
时间状语从句 在复合句中作时间状语 When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.我住在那里时，星期天常到海滨去。
地点状语从句 在复合句中作地点状语 Make marks where you have questions.在你有问题的地方做标记。
原因状语从句 在复合句中作原因状语 As she was young, she was not equal to the task.因为她还年轻，胜任不了这项工作。
目的状语从句 在复合句中作目的状语 I'll speak slowly so that you can understand me.我会说得慢些，以便你能理解我。
结果状语从句 在复合句中作结果状语 Jack is so tall a man that he can almost reach the branch.杰克个子这么高，几乎够得着那个树枝。
条件状语从句 在复合句中作条件状语 If I feel any doubt, I inquire.如果我有疑问，我就问。
让步状语从句 在复合句中作让步状语 I had a very good time though I didn't know anybody at the party.尽管在这次派对上我谁也不认识，但我还是玩得很愉快。
方式状语从句 在复合句中作方式状语 Please do it as I told you.请按照我所讲的去做。
比较状语从句 在复合句中作比较状语 She dances as gracefully as her sister.她的舞姿同她妹妹的一样优雅。
【随堂自测】
Ⅰ.判断句子结构——简单句、并列句和复合句
1．She was aged six when she first went to school.________________
2．I asked him to come with me and he agreed.________________
3．While there is life there is hope.________________
4．I have never met Carl before, nor have I heard of him.________________
5．You weren't at the meeting yesterday to hear what other people thought about this problem.________________
6．You can either write to me or call me in my office.________________
7．We must hurry, or we'll be late for class.________________
8．A man familiar with the subject can quickly catch the main idea of the lecture.________________
9．You can't count on him for help: he is such a busy man.________________
10．Bill often sleeps late and has no time for breakfast.________________
Ⅱ.判断下列复合句中含有什么从句，并用“(　　)”标出从句。
1．I wondered if it would grow any larger.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．We were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．Word came that he lost his life in the war to save another soldier.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．True friends are who share your happiness as well as sadness.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
6．After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
7．The judge doesn't consider what each eyewitness looks like.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
8．Native speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．He was very tired of doing this for a whole day, ________ he felt very happy because the crops grew higher.
2．________ she is very busy, she still devotes a lot of time to her children.
3．He got up early that morning ________ he could attend the meeting on time.
4．I refuse to accept the blame for something ________ was someone else's fault.
5．The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered ________ the boy would do.
6．My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me ________ the bus arrived.
7．Read this story, ________ you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.
8．The hospital was built ________ there had been a square.
9．It was the first time ________ I had come to live and study in a completely strange city.
10．________ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.
语法精讲②　简单句、并列句和复合句
随堂自测
Ⅰ.
1．复合句　2.并列句　3.复合句　4.并列句　5.复合句
6．并列句　7.并列句　8.简单句　9.并列句　10.简单句
Ⅱ.
1．宾语从句；(if it would grow any larger)
2．定语从句；(in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government)
3．定语从句；(who have reached the agreed standard for their event)
4．同位语从句；(that he lost his life in the war to save another soldier)
5．表语从句；(who share your happiness as well as sadness)
6．主语从句；(what happened to the Amber Room)
7．宾语从句；(what each eyewitness looks like)
8．状语从句；(even if they don't speak the same kind of English)
Ⅲ.
1．but/yet　2.Though/Although/While　3.so　4.that　5.what
6．until/till　7.and　8.where　9.that　10.What
PAGE
1Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage & Integrated skills
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．forum n. ____________，讨论会；公共集会场所
2．____________ n. 专家，行家
adj. 熟练的，内行的，专家的
3．likely adj. ________________
4．____________ adj. 消极的，被动的
5．kangaroo n. ________________
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________ vt.设计；制订 n．设计；设计艺术→________ n．设计师；设计者
2．________ adj.独一无二的；独特的；独具的，特有的→________ adv.独特地，珍奇地→________ n．独特性；独一无二
3．________ n．表现；表演；执行，履行→________ vt. & vi.表演；演出 vt.执行→________ n．演出者
4．________ vt. & vi.催促，逼迫；按，压；挤，推 n．报章杂志，报刊→________ n．压力；强迫
5．________ adj.热切的，渴望的，渴求的→________ adv.急切地，渴望地→________ n．渴望，热切
6．________ n．青年时期；青春→________ adj.年轻的
7．________ n．冒险，冒险经历，奇遇→________ adj.喜欢冒险的；大胆创新的；惊险的
8．________ adj.灵活的，可变动的；柔韧的→________ n．灵活性；柔韧性
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．________________ 快速查看，浏览
2．________________ 有可能……
3．________________ 公布，宣布，播放；发出，放出(热、光等)；分发，散发；用完，耗尽
4．________________ 把……同……作比较
5．________________ 起消极作用
6．________________ (使)变得高兴，振奋起来
7．________________ 催促某人做某事
8．________________ 不打扰某人
9．________________ 休息一会儿
10．________________ 偶尔，有时，间或
11．________________ 渴望……
12．________________ 关心
13．________________ 关于某事缠磨/烦扰某人
14．________________ 保护……免受……伤害
15．________________ 受伤
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．总是将你和其他人做比较是没有意义的。
____________________________ comparing you with others all the time.
2．看起来似乎我的成绩是她生活中最重要的事情。
It seems ________________ my grades are the most important thing in her life.
3．我在工作日几乎见不到他们，因为他们直到深夜才会回家。
I hardly ever see them during the week because they ________ get home ________ late at night.
4．当我真要出去时，他们总是问“你要去哪里？”
When I ________ go out, they always ask, “Where are you going？”
第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1. design vt.设计；构思；制订；计划；筹划　n．设计；设计艺术
(1)design sth. for sb./sth. 为某人/某物设计某物
be designed for... 为……而设计
be designed to do... 意欲做……，目的是……
be designed as... 被设计为……
(2)by design＝on purpose 故意地
by chance＝by accident 偶然地
(3)designer n. 设计师，构思者
Our school invited two engineers to design a language lab for us.
我们学校邀请了两位工程师为我们设计了一个语言实验室。
These exercises are designed to strengthen muscles.
这些练习目的是增强肌肉力量。
There are toilets which are designed for the disabled in many public places.许多公共场所都有为残疾人设计的厕所。
More importantly, it will be designed as a new tool for businesses, particularly small businesses like mine, to use.
更重要的是，它将被设计成一种新的工具，让公司，尤其是像我公司这样的小公司使用。
The car's design has been greatly improved.
这种汽车的设计已有很大的改进。
We shall never know whether this happened by accident or by design.
我们永远也不会知道发生这件事是个意外还是事先安排好的。
语境助记
I like the design of the suit, which was designed by a famous designer. She graduated from a school of fashion design and the school is designed to attract talented people who are interested in fashion.我喜欢这套西装的设计，它是由一位著名的设计师设计的。她毕业于一所时装设计学院，该学院旨在吸引对时装感兴趣且有天赋的人。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①The book is designed ________ a reference manual.
②Do you think he broke the vase ________ design or ________ chance
③We have special programmes ________ (design) for audience aged above 60.
④This series of books are designed ________ (help) children who are visually impaired.
⑤Ann studied English literature in college, but now she's one of the most famous ________ (designer).
⑥Having studied computer lessons, designed ________ children, is an important qualification for the job.
2. expert n．专家，行家　adj.熟练的，内行的；专家的
an expert in/on/at (doing) sth. (做)……方面的专家/能手
be expert at/in (doing) sth. 在(做)某事方面是熟练的/内行的
He is an expert in/on/at psychology.
他是心理学专家。
Could you give me some expert advice
你可以给我一些专业的建议吗？
The designer is expert at/in driving cars.
这位设计师驾车技术娴熟。
联想拓展
expert adj.熟练的；内行的
skillful adj.熟练的；灵巧的
skilled adj.熟练的；有技能的
experienced adj.熟练的；有经验的
即学即练　单句语法填空
①Mr. Lee is expert ________ dealing with the crisis.
②She is one of the famous ________ (expert) in this field.
③John Snow was ________ expert doctor in London in the 19th century.
3. likely adj.可能的，预料的，有希望的　adv.可能地
it is likely that... 有可能……
sb./sth. be likely to do 某人/某物有可能做……
It is very likely that the knowledge we are learning will be applied to practice.
我们现在所学的知识很有可能会被应用到实践中。
He is very likely to show up on time, for he is always punctual.
他很有可能会按时到，因为他一向守时。
We've just heard a warning on the radio that a hurricane is likely to come.
我们刚从广播里听到一则警报说一场飓风可能到来。
I'd likely have done the same thing in your situation.
我要是处在你这种情况，也有可能会做同样的事。
辨析比较　likely/probable/possible
易混词 语气强弱 主语 常用句型
likely 语气较possible强，较probable弱 主语既可以是人，也可以是物，还可以是形式主语It Sb./Sth. is likely to do sth.It is likely that...
probable 语气最强 不用人作主语，常用It作形式主语 It is probable that...
possible 语气最弱 不用人作主语，常用It作形式主语 It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.It is possible that...
经典例句
他将来有可能会创造一项世界纪录。
He is likely to set a world record in the future.
It is possible for him to set a world record in the future.
It is probable/possible/likely that he will set a world record in the future.
即学即练　单句语法填空
①Non-smokers are more likely ________ (be) successful in keeping fit than those who smoke.
②It is likely ________ you could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.
③The storm is most likely ________ (hit) North or South Carolina.
完成句子
④________________ (很有可能) he will give up in despair.
4. unique adj.独一无二的；独特的；独具的，特有的
be unique to... 为……所特有的
a unique chance/opportunity 一次难得的机会
In general, everyone has his own unique character.
一般来说，每个人都有自己独特的个性。
Everyone's fingerprints are unique.
每个人的指纹都是独一无二的。
It is an atmosphere that is unique to this association.
这是这个社团所独具的氛围。
特别提示
unique表示“唯一的，独一无二的”时，不与more, most及very, rather等表示程度的副词连用；但当表示“独特的”时，可与这些副词连用。
即学即练　完成句子
①It's ________________________ (一次难得的机会) to listen to such a famous professor's speech in our city.
②This kind of monkey ________________________ (为……所独有的) the island.
③The young man ________________________ (制订了一份独特的计划) for his English.
5. performance n．表现；表演；执行，履行
(1)perform vi. & vt. 表演
vt. 履行，执行
vi. 工作，运转
perform an operation/experiment
做手术/实验
perform well/badly/poorly 表现得好/不好；运转得好/不好
(2)performer n. [C]表演者，演出者，演员
On arriving there, we will give them an excellent performance, which I believe will bring a lot of happiness to them.
一到那里，我们就会给他们呈现一场精彩的表演，我相信这会给他们带来很多快乐。
She has shown enthusiasm in the performance of her duties.
她在工作中表现出对工作的热忱。
Our team performed well in the rugby match.
我们队在橄榄球比赛中表现很好。
The children perform two stage plays each school year.
孩子们一学年表演两部话剧。
语境助记
The performer performed very well, and her performance was popular with the audience.这个表演者表演得非常好，她的表演受到了观众的欢迎。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①She has shown enthusiasm ________ the performance of her duties.
②Our team ________ (perform) very well in the game yesterday and won first prize.
③________ (perform) by a famous musician, the music sounds wonderful.
④Your ________ (perform) as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.
6. cheer up（使）变得高兴，（使）振作起来
(1)cheer vi. & vt. 欢呼，喝彩
vt. 鼓舞
n. [C]欢呼声，喝彩声
cheer sb. on/cheer on sb. (比赛中)为某人加油
(2)cheerful adj. 快乐的，高兴的；令人愉快的
When I'm feeling sad, my mother often tells me funny stories to cheer me up.
当我感到难过时，我的母亲经常给我讲有趣的故事使我高兴起来。
He encouraged the family to cheer up.
他鼓励这个家庭振作起来。
They gathered round the swimming pool and cheered her on.
他们聚集在游泳池边为她加油。
语境助记
—Thank you for the flowers.谢谢你送的花。
—It's all right. I thought they might cheer you up．
不用谢。我想它们可能会让你振作起来。
语境助记
Cathy didn't expect any award but was still there to cheer on her friends and praise their accomplishments．凯西没有期望任何奖励，但她仍然在那里为她的朋友们加油，赞扬他们的成就。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①I think he misses her terribly. You might cheer him ________．
②There were crowds of ________ (cheer) fans there, many of whom came from other cities.
完成句子
③________________ (振作起来) and pay more attention to your colleagues and the things will be much better.
7. press vt. & vi.催促，逼迫；按，压；挤，推　n．报刊杂志，报刊；（the press）新闻工作者，新闻界
(1)press sb. into (doing) sth. 催促/强迫某人(做)某事
press sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事/极力劝说某人做某事
press sth. on sb. 把(想法、事物等)强加于某人；催促某人吃(或喝)
(2)press (...) against... 推/按/压(……)在……上
They were pressing us to make a decision.＝They were pressing us into making a decision.他们正催促我们做出决定。
She kept pressing cake on us.她非要我们吃蛋糕不可。
In order to start the engine, you should press this button.
要启动发动机，你应该按下这个按钮。
The little girl pressed her face against the shop window.
小女孩把她的脸贴在商店橱窗上。
His body was pressing against the wall.他的身体紧贴着墙。
A bunch of the press were waiting outside his work.
他的工作单位外围了一群记者。
The story was reported in the press and on television.
这件事已经报刊和电视上被报道了。
特别提示
(1)press表示“新闻界”“报界”时，其前通常要用定冠词；用作主语时，谓语动词可用单数或复数。
(2)表示按开关或按电钮时，press与push用法相同，常可互换。但是注意，两者习惯上均不能用于按铃，此时要用动词ring。
即学即练　判断下列句子中press的词性及含义
①In any unsafe situation, simply press the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.________________
②The press should expand its influence on international public opinion to make China's voice better heard in the world.________________
单句语法填空
③Because of the tough environment, they were pressed ________ (quit) the original plan of reaching the peak.
④The cave was so narrow that I had to press myself ________ the wall to let them pass.
8. eager adj.热切的，渴求的，渴望的
(1)be eager for... 渴求得到……
be eager (for sb.) to do sth. 渴望(某人)做某事
be eager that... 热切希望……(从句谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略)
(2)eagerly adv. 急切地；渴望地
eagerness n. 急切；渴望
The customers are eager for the latest products.
顾客们渴望得到最新的产品。
Many students are eager to find a good way to have their English writing improved in a short period.
许多学生渴望找到一个能在短期内提高他们的英语写作水平的好方法。
Tom was eager for you to come to the party.
汤姆渴望你能来参加晚会。
These children are eager that their parents (should) come home.
这些孩子热切希望他们的父母回家。
联想拓展
“渴望……”的其他表达法：
①渴望获得某物
long for sth.　　　be greedy for sth.
be dying for sth. be thirsty for sth.
be anxious for sth.
②渴望做某事
long to do sth. be dying to do sth.
be anxious to do sth.
即学即练　单句语法填空
①Some of us were confident and eager ________ (take) part in the class activity; others were nervous and anxious.
②We're faced with a severe situation where we have to give up what we're eager ________ most.
③I wasn't able to hide my ________ (eager) when I asked, “What do you wish me to do now？”
9. adventure n．冒险，冒险经历，奇遇
(1)a sense/spirit of adventure 冒险意识/精神
(2)adventurous adj. 有冒险精神的，大胆开拓的
adventurer n. [C]冒险家，冒险者
He has a spirit of adventure.他有冒险精神。
If you're looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center (SAC) is the place to be.如果你正在寻找一场独特的冒险经历，航空航天中心(SAC)正是一个这样的场所。
语境助记
Children always want to live an adventurous life. In fact their life is one big adventure and they are adventurers．孩子们总是想要过一种冒险的生活。事实上他们的生活就是场大冒险，并且他们就是冒险家。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①They listened with great interest, and then enthusiastically joined in grand conversations about Harry's ________ (adventure).
②With various routes perfectly for ________ (adventure) hikers, a visit to the Nikko National Park is not to be missed.
③Even as a young child, Jesse was an ________ (adventure) who traveled all over Europe and Asia with his parents.
第二版块|重点句型解构
1. （教材P21）There's no point in comparing you with others all the time.,总是将你和其他人做比较是没有意义的。
[句式分析]　there's no point in (doing) sth.意为“(做)某事是没有意义的”，在此句型中，point为不可数名词，意为“目的；意图”，in可以省略。
There is no sense (in) doing sth. 做某事没有意义。
It is no use doing sth. 做……没用。
It's useless doing sth. 做……没用。
It's no good doing sth. 做……没有益处。
There's no point (in) complaining without taking action.
不采取行动只抱怨是没有用的。
There is no point (in) pushing them unless they really enjoy it.
除非他们真的喜欢，否则逼迫他们是没有意义的。
There is no sense (in) getting upset about it now.
现在为这事烦恼没有意义。
It is no use regretting what you have done.
后悔你的所作所为是没有用的。
It is no good telling a lie.撒谎没什么好处。
联想拓展
there be结构的常用句型
There is no need (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)没有必要做某事。
There is (no) difficulty/trouble in doing sth.做某事(没有)困难。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①There's no point in ________ (argue) about it—we're going and that's that.
②My mother always tells us it is no use ________ (cry) over spilt milk.
同义句转换
③It's not useful to argue with him.
→________________________________________________________________________
2. （教材P22）It seems as if my grades are the most important thing in her life.
看起来似乎我的成绩是她生活中最重要的事情。
[句式分析]　as if(相当于as though)，意为“仿佛，好像”，在此句中引导表语从句，从句用了陈述语气，说明从句表示的情况是事实或具有很大的可能性。
as if引导的从句
(1)语法功能：既可以引导表语从句，又可以引导方式状语从句。
(2)从句语气：从句表示的情况是事实或具有很大的可能性，用陈述语气；从句表示的情况与事实不符，用虚拟语气。
从句谓语形式
与现在事实不符 过去式(be用were)
与过去事实不符 had＋过去分词
与将来事实不符 would/could/might/should＋动词原形
It seems as if my luggage is overweight.
看起来好像我的行李超重了。(陈述语气)
It appears as if she were junior to me by several years, but in fact, she is three years older than me.看上去她好像比我小几岁，但是事实上她比我大三岁。(与现在事实不符)
The lady conducted herself with dignity as if nothing had happened.这位女士表现自如，不失尊严，仿佛什么事情都没有发生。(与过去事实不符)
It seems as if the meeting would never end.
看起来这个会议似乎永远也开不完。(与将来事实不符)
(3)省略形式：as if＋不定式/分词/形容词/介词短语。
The girl stood at the door as if waiting for someone.
那个女孩站在门口，好像在等人。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①Don't handle the vase as if it ________ (be) made of steel.
②Mary's description of the party was so vivid that I felt as if I ________ (be) there.
③Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it ________ (happen) yesterday.
④Tom raised his hand as if ________ (say) something.
⑤It seems as if our teacher ________ (look) for something in the classroom.
3. (教材P22)I hardly ever see them during the week because they don't get home until late at night.
我在工作日几乎见不到他们，因为他们直到深夜才会回家。
[句式分析]　because引导的原因状语从句中用到了not ...until结构
(1) not...until...意为“直到……才……”。until后既可以接表示时间的词语，也可以接时间状语从句。
(2)使用此结构时要注意，句子或主句的谓语动词必须是非延续性动词(如come，go，leave等)，表示这一动作或状态到“until...”所表示的时间才开始。
Don't open it until your birthday.等到你生日再打开它吧。
You can't leave until I come back.直到我回来你才可以离开。
He didn't go home until the rain stopped.他直到雨停了才回家。
特别提示
not until放在句首时，句子或主句要使用部分倒装结构，其结构为：Not until...＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋(句子/主句)主语＋谓语动词＋其他。
Not until next week will the sports meeting be held.
直到下周才开运动会。
Not until the snow stopped did he leave the room.
雪停了之后他才离开这个房间。
即学即练　单句写作
①直到老师进来我们才开始实验。(not...until...)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
一句多译
直到出国他才意识到英语的重要性。
②He ________ realize the importance of English ________ he went abroad.
③Not until he went abroad ________________________ the importance of English.
4. (教材P22)When I do go out， they always ask，“Where are you going？”,当我真要出去时，他们总是问：“你要去哪里？”
[句式分析]　此句为强调句。需要强调谓语时，用“助动词do/does/did＋动词原形”。
He did write to you last week.上周他的确给你写信了。
If you have a job, do devote yourself to it and finally you'll succeed.如果你有一份工作，一定要全身心地投入，最终你会成功的。
To be honest, we must acknowledge that she did deserve to win the game.老实说，我们必须承认她确实应该赢得这场比赛。
归纳拓展
强调除谓语动词以外的其他句子成分时要用强调句型。
基本句型结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分。可用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语、表语等成分。
经典例句
It is my parents that/who often help me get out of trouble.是我的父母经常帮助我摆脱困境。
即学即练　将下列句子变为强调谓语的强调句
①She works hard at her English.
→________________________________________________________________________
②Jane told us a lot of interesting stories in class yesterday.
→________________________________________________________________________
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The basic ________ (设计) of the car is very similar to that of earlier models.
2．Members of the council agreed that was an important ________ (论坛) for discussion.
3．The issues being discussed here are not ________ (独一无二的) to the US.
4．Our plans need to be ________ (灵活的) enough to cater for the needs of everyone.
5．He criticized the recent poor ________ (表现) of the company.
6．A bad mood is a ________ (消极的) reflection of outer factors in one's daily life.
7．He worked with wood during his early ________ (青年时期).
8．A crowd of ________ (热切的) young students were already waiting outside.
9．When you're a child, life is one big ________ (冒险).
10．A team of ________ (专家) will be on hand to offer help and advice between 12 noon and 7 pm daily.
11．It's ________ (可能的) that unless someone notices a new source, it will go unused.
12．Don't ________ (压) your face against the dusty window!
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The book, which is designed ________ children under 5 years old, must be simple and colourful.
2．There is no point in ________ (complain). It can't do anything to help you.
3．We are unable to exchange tickets or refund money unless a ________ (perform) is cancelled due to unforeseen circumstances.
4．—I got beaten in the first round of the contest. I am feeling depressed.
—Cheer ________！ You have to pick yourself up to get the last laugh.
5．If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you'll be less likely ________ (bring) your work home.
6．She pressed me ________ (stay) for another day.
7．It has been proved that eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you ________ serious illnesses in later life.
8．I didn't realize how right my parents were ________ I entered high school.
9．There are a lot of interesting stories and ________ (adventure) experiences in his life.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．如果没有自然保护区，有可能更多的动物将要灭绝。
If there were no natural reserves, __________________________ more animals would become extinct.
2．锻炼不仅会降低血压，而且可能对心脏病发作有预防效果。
Exercise will not only lower blood pressure but possibly ________________ heart attacks.
3．听起来他们似乎犯下了一个可怕的错误。
It sounds ________________ they might have made a dreadful mistake.
4．他是商人，因此他总留心能赚钱的任何机会。
He is a businessman, and therefore he always keeps an eye out for any opportunity __________________________．
5．打起精神来！好日子也许还在后头呢。
________________！ Better times may be ahead.
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage & Integrated skills
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．论坛　2.expert　3.可能的，预料的，有希望的　4.passive
5．袋鼠
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．design　designer　2.unique　uniquely　uniqueness
3．performance　perform　performer　4.press　pressure
5．eager　eagerly　eagerness　6.youth　young　7.adventure　adventurous　8.flexible　flexibility
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．look through　2.It is likely that...　3.give out　4.compare...with...　5.take a passive role　6.cheer up　7.press sb. to do sth.　8.leave/let sb. alone　9.take a break　10.once in a while　11.be eager for...　12.care about　13.be on sb.'s back about sth.　14.protect...from/against...　15.get hurt
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．There is no point in　2.as if　3.don't　until　4.do
核心突破·互动探究
第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1．①as　②by　by　③designed　④to help　⑤designers　⑥for
2．①at/in　②experts　③an
3．①to be　②that　③to hit　④It is very likely that
4．①a unique chance/opportunity　②is unique to　③made a unique plan
5．①in　②performed　③Performed　④performance
6．①up　②cheerful　③Cheer up
7．①vt.按　②n.新闻界　③to quit　④against
8．①to take　②for　③eagerness
9．①adventures　②adventurous　③adventurer
第二版块|重点句型解构
1．①arguing　②crying　③It's no use arguing with him.
2．①were　②had been　③happened　④to say　⑤is looking
3．①We didn't start the experiment until the teacher came in.
②didn't　until　③did he realize
4．①She does work hard at her English.　②Jane did tell us a lot of interesting stories in class yesterday.
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．design　2.forum　3.unique　4.flexible　5.performance　6.passive　7.youth　8.eager　9.adventure　10.experts　11.likely　12.press
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．for　2.complaining　3.performance　4.up　5.to bring　6.to stay　7.from/against　8.until　9.adventurous
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．it is likely that　2.protect against　3.as if　4.to make money　5.Cheer up
PAGE
1Section Ⅳ　Writing——青少年问题
1．写作任务
假定你是光华学校学生会主席李华，负责接洽本校国外交换生。最近你收到来自英国的高一新生Lucy的邮件，诉说自己和父母远程交流时，在学习问题上经常容易发生争吵。请给她回一封邮件，内容包括：
(1)表示理解；
(2)给出建议；
(3)安慰对方。
注意：(1)词数80左右；
(2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．写作思路
(1)一审：确定写作体裁和主题
体裁：应用文——建议信(邮件)
主题：亲子关系
(2)二定：确定时态和人称
时态：一般现在时为主
人称：第一人称(I)和第二人称(you)
(3)三明确：明确写作要点：表示理解——给出建议——安慰对方
(4)四分段：结合写作要点分三个段落
3．素材整理
(1)关键词语
①受……困扰be troubled by/be upset by
②因为某事和某人争吵argue with sb. over sth.
③发脾气lose temper
④经历go through
⑤身心变化physical and mental changes
⑥和某人交流have communication with sb.
⑦解决某人的担忧address one's concerns
⑧让某人冷静下来calm sb. down
⑨结果变好turn out better
(2)完成句子
①我很理解你因为学习问题和父母争吵而感到烦恼。
I quite understand that you ________________________________________．
②你可能会经历一些生理和心理上的变化。
You may________________________．
③为什么不试试这些建议，看看它们是否有用呢？
__________________________ these pieces of advice and see if they help
④你可以与父母坦诚沟通，了解他们的担忧，分享你的想法以便解决他们的担忧。
You can ________________________， figure out their worries and share your thoughts in order to ____________________．
⑤尽量让自己冷静下来，从他们的角度去理解情况。
Try to ________________________ and understand the situation from their point of view.
⑥最终一切都会好起来的。
Everything will ________________________ in the end.
4．满分作文(连句成篇)
请将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。
参考范文：
Dear Lucy，
I quite understand that you are troubled by arguing with your parents over your studies. Actually, it is quite normal for you to lose temper since you may go through some physical and mental changes.
Why not try these pieces of advice and see if they help First, have an honest communication with your parents, figure out their worries and share your thoughts in order to address their concerns. Second, try to calm yourself down and understand the situation from their point of view.
I believe this stormy period will not last for long. Everything will turn out better in the end.
Yours，
Li Hua
5．佳作背诵
(1)佳作一
假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Tom刚上高中，感觉学习生活一团糟，他写信向你求助，请你用英文回信，给予他帮助。
内容包括：
①提高学习效率；
②保证充足睡眠；
③加强锻炼身体。
要求：①词数80左右；
②可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
(2)佳作二
假定你是晨光中学学生会主席李华，最近你收到了你校国际交换生Peter的信件，信中表明自己学习中国文学有困难，请你给Peter就如何学习中国文学回一封建议信。
要点如下：
①概述Peter的问题；
②你的具体建议。
注意：①词数80左右；
②可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Section Ⅳ　Writing——青少年问题
3．答案：①are troubled by arguing with your parents over studies　②go through some physical and mental changes　③Why not try/How about trying　④have an honest communication with your parents　address their concerns　⑤calm yourself down　⑥turn out better
5．(1)参考范文：
Dear Tom，
I'm sorry to hear that you have trouble adapting to your senior high school life. Looking back on my experience, I'm no exception. However, the situation is easy to change. Here are some tips for you.
First, you should attach great importance to the efficiency of your study whether you are at home or school because it is no use studying with your mind absent. Besides, a good night's sleep contributes to your physical and mental well-being. Do remember to put away your mobile phone before going to bed. Undoubtedly, nothing is more important than health. It's vital for you to take exercise regularly.
All in all, I sincerely hope you can make a difference.
Yours，
Li Hua
(2)参考范文：
Dear Peter，
From your letter, I know that you have difficulty in learning Chinese literature. It's challenging for you to grasp the background of the classical novels and the deep meaning of the poems. You feel confused when you read the novels and recite the poems.
I really understand your feeling as there's a long history for Chinese literature. Actually, learning history is indeed a good solution to solving your problem. Besides, I recommend that you watch films adapted from the novels, which can help you become expert gradually. Lastly, focusing on The Chinese Poetry Competition is also suitable for your study.
I hope these suggestions can be helpful for you.
Yours，
Li Hua
PAGE
1Unit 2 Let's talk teens
【话题阅读】
背景导入：青春期的孩子处在人生中一个十分特殊的成长时期，他们在身体上、心理上都会遇到很多挑战。若不能很好地处理这些问题，会给他们带来很多后续的消极严重影响。而研究表明，在良好的亲子沟通环境下成长的孩子会更积极、更健康。由此可见，家庭关系会对孩子的成长起到特别重要的作用。
Children with greater parent communication in early adolescence have less harmful alcohol① use and emotional eating in young adulthood, according to a new study in Biological Psychiatry. The 14-year study, which followed participants② from 11 to 25 years old, identified③ that the extent of communication between parents and children promotes the development of a brain network, which in turn protects against the overconsumption of food, alcohol and drugs. In this way, parent-child communication has a great effect on health behaviour in adulthood.
The study, led by Christopher Holmes, PhD and colleagues④ from the University of Georgia's Centre for Family Research, focused on rural African American families with a child 11 years of age.
Between the ages of 11 and 13 years, participants reported on interactions with their parents, including the frequency of discussions and arguing. When the participants reached 25 years of age, a subsample of 91 participants was recruited from the larger study to take part in a part that measured brain activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI). Specifically, the researchers used FMRI to study a network of brain connections called the anterior salience network (ASN). The participants also answered questions about harmful alcohol use and emotional eating at age 25. Greater parent-child communication in early adolescence predicted⑤ greater connectivity of the ASN at age 25, supporting the idea that high-quality parenting is important for long-term brain development. Greater ASN connectivity was, in turn, associated with lower harmful alcohol use and emotional eating at age 25.
The findings point to the ASN as a brain mechanism⑥ for how parenting in childhood affects health behaviour in early adulthood. “These finding highlight⑦ the value of prevention efforts and parenting skills in childhood as a means to promote long-term, adaptive neurocognitive development，” said Allen Barton, PhD, corresponding author of the study.
[注释]　
①alcohol n.　　　 酒；酒精
②participant n. 参与者
③identify v. 确定；发现
④colleague n. 同事
⑤predict v. 预测
⑥mechanism n. 机制
⑦highlight v. 强调
【译文】
根据《生物精神病学》上的一项新研究，孩子若在青春期早期和父母沟通较多，那么他们在成年后的初期酗酒或情绪化进食就较少。这项研究历时14年，记录了参与者从11岁到25岁之间的变化，并发现了父母和孩子之间交流的程度能够促进孩子脑组织的发展，这反过来又能避免他们暴饮暴食、酗酒和吸毒。从这个方面来说，亲子沟通对孩子成年后健康的行为方式的养成有非常大的影响。
这项研究是由克里斯托弗·霍姆斯博士带领，和佐治亚大学家庭研究中心的同事一起完成的。这项研究的主要研究对象是那些有一个11岁孩子的非裔美国农村家庭。
在11岁到13岁期间，参与者会汇报自己和父母的交流情况，包括讨论和吵架的频率。参与者年满25岁时，研究人员从更大范围的研究中选出91人组成子样本组，通过功能磁共振成像对他们进行脑活动测试。具体地说，研究人员使用功能磁共振成像来研究一个叫作前突出网络的大脑连接网络。参与人员还回答了关于在25岁期间酗酒和情绪化进食的情况的问题。青春期早期更好的亲子沟通预示了25岁时前突出网络的连通性更好，这证明了高质量的养育方式对孩子大脑的长期发育有重要作用。前突出网络更好的连通性反过来又能够减少孩子25岁时酗酒及情绪化进食的行为。
研究结果指出，前突出网络是一个体现儿童时期的养育方式如何影响孩子成年后初期的健康行为的大脑机制。“这些研究结果强调了儿童时期的预防措施以及育儿技巧作为一种促进孩子神经认知的长期适应性发展的方式的重要意义”，这项研究的通讯作者艾伦·巴顿博士表示。
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．____________ n. 鸟窝；巢穴；窝
2．____________ n. 屋顶；顶部
3．____________ n. & vt. & vi. 争论；战斗；搏斗；斗争
4．____________ n. 青少年
5．____________ n. 速度；率
vi. & vt. 评价；评估
6．____________ vi. & vt. (过去式__________，过去分词________)(使朝某方向)冲，奔；射击；射杀；摄影
7．____________ n. 粉刺；斑点；污渍；地点；场所
8．____________ n. (攻击的)目标，对象；靶子
vt. 把……作为攻击目标；面向
9．____________ n. 成年人
10．____________ n. & vt. 渴望，希望
11．____________ vi. & n. 奋斗；斗争；搏斗
12．____________ n. (关系)破裂；故障
13．____________ vt. 使平静；使镇静
adj. 镇静的；沉着的
14．____________ n. 看法；视线；景色
vt. 把……视为；观看
15．____________ n. 皮肤；(兽)皮，毛皮
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________ n．争吵；争论；论点→________ vi.争吵；争辩；争论 vt.说理；论证
2．________ n．紧张关系；紧张；拉伸→________ adj.紧张的；焦虑不安的
3．________ adj.忧虑的；担心的；令人焦虑的；渴望的→________ adv.不安地，焦虑地→________ n．焦虑；渴望；担心
4．________ n．怒气；怒火→________ adj.生气的→________ adv.生气地
5．________ adj.思想的；精神的；智力的→________ adj.身体的；物质的
6．________ adj.艰难的；粗糙的；不确切的→________ adv.粗略地；大致
7．________ adj.频繁的；有规律的→________ adv.定期地；经常
8．________ n．担心，忧虑；关心 vt.涉及；让(某人)担忧→________ adj.担心的；忧虑的；(与某事)有关的→________ prep.关于；涉及
9．________ adj.正常的；一般地 n．常态；通常标准→________ adj.反常的
10．________ n．精神压力；紧张；强调 vt.强调；着重→________ adj.焦虑的；紧张的→________ adj.充满压力的；令人紧张的
11．________ n．主编；编辑；剪辑师→________ vt. & vi.编辑；校订→________ n．版本；版次
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．________________ (在某事上)与某人看法一致
2．________________ 导致；造成
3．________________ 以……的速度/比率
4．________________ 快速成长；注射毒品
5．________________ 中间立场；中间地带
6．________________ 做出决定
7．________________ 独立地；独自；单独
8．________________ 平静；镇静；安静
9．________________ 从某人的角度/观点出发
10．________________ 充分考虑；全盘考虑；想透
11．________________ 承认错误；认输；放弃
12．________________ 结果是；原来是
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．你可能会感到焦虑，因为你的发育速度与你的朋友不一样，你的身高会猛增，或者被远远甩在后面。
You may feel anxious that you are developing at a different rate to your friends, ________________ in height or ________ left far behind.
2．不幸的是，你的父母并不总是认同，这让你感到不高兴。
Unfortunately, your parents do not always agree and that ____________________________．
3．通过这种健康的讨论，你将学会何时认输，何时让你的父母放松(对你的)控制。
Through this kind of healthy discussion, you will learn ____________________________ and when to ask your parents to relax their control.
根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．Why did the author ask some questions in Paragraph 1
A．He did not know their answers.
B．He wanted to confuse the readers.
C．He meant to introduce a topic.
D．He expected to learn some personal secrets.
2．Which of the following actions could lead to family tensions
a．teenagers' changing voice
b．parents' love and support
c．teenagers' weight problems
d．parents' struggling to control teenagers' feelings
e.teenagers' desire for independence
A．a, b, c B．a, c, d, e
C．a, b, c, d D．b, c, d, e
3．What does “that” in “that makes you feel unhappy” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．Your parents' love and support.
B．They cannot let you go out.
C．You feel more responsible.
D．You parents cannot let you make decisions on your own.
4．What is the correct action for teenagers to take to ease their family tensions
A．Having an honest and straight talk with their parents.
B．Leaving home immediately.
C．Always trying to back down.
D．Always obeying their parents.
Strangers under the same roof
Does every dinner with your parents seem to turn into a battle Have your once warm and open conversations become cold and guarded Do you feel that you just cannot see eye to eye with them on anything You are not alone. Heated arguments and cold silences are common between teenagers and their parents.
Teenagers' physical changes may result in such family tensions. You may feel anxious that you are developing at a different rate to your friends, shooting up in height or getting left far behind [1]. You might worry about your changing voice, weight problems or spots. When it all gets too much, your parents are often the first targets of your anger.
[1]并列的现在分词短语作伴随状语
It can be a big headache to balance your developing mental needs too. You enter a strange middle ground—no longer a small child but not quite an adult. You have both a new desire for independence and a continued need for your parents' love and support. You feel ready to be more responsible and make decisions on your own. Unfortunately, your parents do not always agree and that makes you feel unhappy. “Why can't they just let me go？” you may wonder. On the other hand, when you are struggling to control your feelings, you wish they could be more caring and patient [2]— sometimes they forget that growing up is a rough ride. It can be difficult when your parents treat you like a child but expect you to act like an adult. All of this can lead to a breakdown in your relationship.
[2]wish后用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反
Although sometimes it may seem impossible to get along as a family [3], you can take action to improve the situation. The key to keeping the peace is regular and honest communication. When you disagree with your parents, take a minute to calm down and try to understand the situation from their point of view. Perhaps they have experienced something similar and do not want you to go through the same pain. After you have thought it through, explain your actions and feelings calmly, listen carefully, and address their concerns. Through this kind of healthy discussion, you will learn when to back down and when to ask your parents to relax their control.
[3]it是形式主语，其后的不定式短语是真正的主语
Just remember that it is completely normal to struggle with the stress that parent-child tensions create, and that [4] you and your parents can work together to improve your relationship. The good news is that this stormy period will not last. Everything will turn out all right in the end, and the changes and challenges of your teenage years will prepare you for adulthood.
[4]两个并列的that引导宾语从句，第二个that不能省略
同一屋檐下的陌生人？
是不是你和父母的每一顿饭，似乎都会演变成一场争执？你们曾经暖心、坦诚的对话，是否已变得冷漠且谨慎？你是否觉得，你已经无法在任何事情上与他们达成一致？你并不是唯一的一个。火爆的争吵和冰冷的沉默在青少年和他们父母之间是司空见惯的。
青少年的生理变化可能会导致这样紧张的家庭关系。你可能会感到焦虑，因为你发现自己发育的速度和朋友们不同：要么是个头猛蹿，要么是远远落在其他人后面。变声、体重问题、粉刺可能都会让你忧心忡忡。当这一切让你不堪重负时，父母通常会首当其冲，成为你发火(anger n．怒火)的对象。
如何平衡日益发展的心理需求，也是个颇让人头疼的大问题。你进入了一个奇怪的中间地带——不再是小孩子，但也还算不上是成年人。你既对独立有新的渴望，却又不断索取着父母的关爱和支持。你感到自己已经做好准备，可以肩负更多责任，可以独立做决定。可惜，你的父母不总是认同这一点，于是这让你感到不快乐。你可能会想：“对我，他们为什么就不能放手呢？”另一方面，当你努力控制自己的情绪时，你又希望父母能够更加体贴，更有耐心——有时候，他们会忘记成长是一个艰难的过程。当你的父母把你当作孩子来对待，却希望你表现得像个大人时，你的处境就会很艰难。所有这些都可能会导致亲子关系的破裂。
尽管有时候一家人似乎根本无法和谐相处，但你还是可以采取行动改善这一局面。维持和睦关系的关键在于定期、坦诚的沟通。当你和父母意见相左时，花点时间让自己冷静下来，尝试从他们的角度了解状况。也许他们有过类似的经历，不希望你承受同样的痛苦。考虑周全后，你要心平气和地向他们解释你的行为和感受，仔细地倾听，打消他们的顾虑。通过这种良性讨论，你会学会何时应该做出让步，何时可以要求父母放松对你的掌控。
你只要记住，亲子关系紧张会产生压力，由此带来的困扰再正常不过，而你和父母可以齐心协力，改善你们的关系。好消息是这段“暴风骤雨”不会一直持续下去。到最后，一切都会好转，而你在青少年时期经历的变化和挑战会让你为成年时光做好准备。
第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1. provide v．供给，提供，供应
provide 为某人提供某物
They provided the homeless people with food and water.
他们向无家可归的人提供了食物和水。
The club provides many outdoor recreations for people, such as golf and softball.
这家俱乐部向人们提供很多户外娱乐活动，比如高尔夫球和垒球运动。
经典例句
The restaurant supplies the cleaners with water for free.＝The restaurant supplies water to the cleaners for free.
这家餐馆向清洁工免费供水。
He offered me some useful tips.＝He offered some useful tips to me．
他给我提了一些有用的建议。
联想拓展
“为某人提供某物”的其他表达：
supply
offer
即学即练　完成句子
①In those days, our main concern was to ________ people who were stopped by the snowstorm ________ (为……提供……) food and health care.
②The trees ________ shade ________ (为……提供……) us, so that we can have a good rest.
2. argument n．[C，U]争吵，争论，争辩　n．[C]论据，理由，论点
have an argument with sb. (about/over sth.) (因某事)与某人争吵或争论
get into an argument with sb. 与某人争吵或争论
an argument for/against sth. 支持/反对某事的理由或论据
argue vi. 争吵，争论
vi. & vt. 论证
We had an argument with the waiter about the bill.
我们和服务员因账单问题发生了争吵。
She got into an argument with her friend.
她和她的朋友争论了起来。
Her argument for the trip is that it can broaden our horizons.
她支持这次旅行的理由是它可以开阔我们的眼界。
His argument against the plan sounds reasonable.
他反对那个计划的理由听起来有道理。
John continued to argue with the referee throughout the game.
整场比赛约翰一直与裁判争论不休。
语境助记
William had an argument with the manager on his first day at work. He argued with him over something unimportant. We think that William should find a better way to express his idea. 威廉上班第一天就与经理发生了争论。他与经理就一些不重要的事情争论起来。我们认为威廉应该用一种更好的方法来表达自己的看法。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①He made a strong ________ (argue) against accepting the offer.
②I could hear my parents having ________ argument downstairs.
③Do what you are told and don't argue ________ me.
④The children are always arguing ________ which TV programme to watch.
3. anxious adj.忧虑的，担心的；令人焦虑的；渴望的
(1)be anxious for sb./about sth. 担心某人/某事
be anxious for (＝be eager for/be keen on) 渴望……
be anxious (for sb.) to do sth. 渴望(某人)做某事
be anxious that...(should) do sth. 渴望……做某事
(2)anxiously adv. 焦虑地；不安地
anxiety n. 焦虑；不安；担心；渴望
Are you anxious and restless if you are separated from your mobile phone？不带手机你是否会感到焦虑不安？
She is anxious about travelling on her own.
她对独自旅行感到担心。
People all over the world are anxious for peace.
全世界的人都渴望和平。
She was anxious to finish school and get a job.
她渴望毕业找一份工作。
She was anxious that her son should get rid of the bad habit.
她希望儿子改掉那个坏习惯。
We waited with great anxiety for more news about the accident.
我们忧心忡忡地等待着有关这一事故的更多消息。
语境助记
The competition is over, but he is very anxious about the result, because he is anxious to win first prize, which is his dream.比赛结束了，但他很担心结果，因为他渴望获得一等奖，这是他的梦想。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①Parents are anxious ________ our health and safety.
②The whole class waited with ________ (anxious) for the results of the examination.
③Besides, people are likely to feel more comfortable if a joke can take their ________ (anxious) away.
④It was a close match and she stared ________ (anxious) at the screen.
⑤The hall was full of people anxious ________ (see) the famous actor.
4. shoot v. （shot， shot）射中；射伤；射击；射门；摄影
shoot up 射出；发芽；暴涨；快速长高
shoot at 向……射击(表示动作，不一定射中)
shoot sb. dead 开枪打死某人
shoot...in the head/back/leg 射中……的头部/背部/腿部
He shoots up more quickly than his friends these days.
这些天他比他的朋友们长得快。
He shot at the bird with his gun but he didn't shoot it.
他用枪打鸟但是没有打中。
He had been shot in the back while trying to escape.
他在试图逃跑时被击中背部。
高考助记
One more look and he noticed flames shooting out from under the disabled vehicle.再看一眼，他注意到从报废的车辆下喷出的火焰。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①He ordered her to shoot ________ the apple with one of her arrows.
②He admitted that he had shot the bear in ________ leg.
完成句子
③An officer ________________________ (头部中枪) during a robbery yesterday.
④Their kids ________________ (长高了) since I last saw them.
5. spot n. & v. [C]地点，场所；斑点；污渍；粉刺　vt.注意到，发现；使有污渍
on the spot 当场；在现场
spot sb. doing sth. 发现某人在做某事
be spotted with 满是……斑点，被……点缀着
There are a lot of grease spots on the shirt.
衬衣上沾了很多油渍。
Tom took the police to the spot where the accident happened.
汤姆把警察带到了事故现场。
Twenty centimetres from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it.
在距她面部20厘米的地方，研究者们放置了一张上面有两个黑点的白色卡片。
He answered the question on the spot.
他当场就回答了那个问题。
She spotted someone coming out of the building.
她看到有个人正从大楼里出来。
The night sky is spotted with stars.夜空繁星点点。
名师点津
on the spot＝on the scene在现场
spot sb. doing sth.＝find sb. doing sth.
即学即练　单句语法填空
①When the thief found the police ________ (spot) him, he ran away quickly.
②She told us the exact spot ________ the accident happened.
③The police spotted him ________ (drive) a stolen car.
完成句子
④When he was running in the rain, his shoes ________________ (满是……斑点) mud.
⑤When the fire broke out, the firefighters and the police were soon ______________________ (在现场).
6. target n．目标；靶；受批评的对象　
vt.把……作为攻击目标；把……作为批评的对象；面向，把……对准（某群体）
target...at... 使……面向……；……针对……
He's become the target for a lot of criticism recently.
他最近成了众矢之的。
Please set yourself targets that you can reasonably hope to achieve.请给自己制定有望达到的目标。
He missed the target somehow.不知怎么地，他脱靶了。
The company has been targeted by animal rights groups for its use of dogs in drugs trials.
这家公司因用狗做药物试验而成为动物保护团体批评的对象。
The campaign is clearly targeted at the young.
这个宣传计划显然是针对年轻人的。
高考助记
Woodcutters targeted big trees.
伐木工人以大树为目标。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①Who were the newspapers of the new trend targeted ________？
②Major tourist attractions are a soft target ________ thieves.
结合target的用法完成句子
③They have __________________ (制定目标) of developing 200 new members.
④I am sure you can ______________ (完成你的目标) this time.
⑤I don't like this kind of television advertisements ________________ (针对) children.
7. anger n. [U]怒气，怒火；愤怒；气愤
(1)in anger 生气地
contain one's anger 抑制某人的怒火
be filled with anger＝be full of anger 充满怒气
to one's anger 使某人生气的是
(2)angry adj. 生气的；愤怒的
become/get/be angry at/with sb. (about/for sth.) (因某事)对某人生气
become/get/be angry at/about/over sth. 对某事生气
(3)angrily adv. 生气地，愤怒地
Jane slammed her fist on the desk in anger.
简气愤地捶打桌子。
She could hardly contain her anger.她怒不可遏。
He was filled with anger at the way he had been treated.
他因遭受如此待遇而满腔怒火。
I do get angry with people who leave their offices in an awful mess.
我确实会对那些把办公室弄得一团糟的人生气。
She always becomes angry about/at/over small things.
她总是为琐事生气。
高考助记
The most awkward e-mail mistake is usually committed in anger．
最尴尬的电子邮件失误通常是在愤怒中造成的。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①He was ________ (anger) with her for breaking her promise.
②The public disappointment and ________ (angry) might be difficult to control.
③He looks ________ (anger). Don't interrupt him now.
④Father looked ________ (angry) at the naughty son, unable to speak.
⑤Don't always do things ________ anger.
8. desire n．渴望；欲望；渴求；渴望的人或物　vt.渴望；期望
have a strong desire to do sth. 迫切想要做某事
have a strong desire for sth. 急于想得到某物
desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
desire sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事
desire that...(should) do... 渴望……
He has a strong desire for power.他有强烈的权力欲。
She felt an overwhelming desire to return home.
她感到想回家的愿望难以遏制。
We all desire happiness and health.我们都渴望幸福和健康。
Fewer people desire to live in the north of the country.
想住在这个国家北方的人就更少了。
特别提示
desire (意为“渴望”)作动词后接宾语从句，以及作名词后接同位语从句或表语从句时，从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。
His desire is that he (should) visit the Great Wall someday.
他的愿望是有一天能参观长城。
She desires that her mother (should) come at once.＝She desires her mother to come at once.她想让她的妈妈马上过来。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①He desired ________ (bring) back the so-called new four inventions back to his home country.
②She has a strong desire ________ knowledge and wants to go to college very much.
③Compared with the past, many people desire ________ (have) a robot in the digital times.
一句多译
④他母亲希望他成为一名老师。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________ (desire sb. to do)
＝________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________ (desire that)
9. struggle vi.奋斗；斗争；搏斗；艰难地行进　n．[C]奋斗；斗争；搏斗；拼搏；挣扎脱身；难事
struggle to do sth. 努力做某事
struggle against 与……作斗争/抗争
struggle for 为……而争斗；争抢……
struggle with 与……打架/作斗争
struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来
a struggle for... 为……的斗争
I struggled through the mud with the heavy bags.
我背着几个沉重的包吃力地走过泥沼。
She's struggling to bring up a family alone.
她独自一人艰难地养活一家人。
They had to struggle against all kinds of adversity.
他们不得不同一切困境作斗争。
Shona struggled for breath.肖纳艰难地喘着气。
Lisa struggled with her conscience before talking to the police.
莉萨经过一番良心上的斗争，终于对警方说了。
I struggled to my feet and started yelling. She yelled back louder.
我挣扎着站起来，开始大嚷大叫。她更大声地回击。
In 1862 the American slaves won their struggle for freedom.
1862年美国的奴隶赢得了争取自由的斗争。
语境助记
We struggle for success all our life; however, it is a struggle to make every day meaningful. The thought of giving up haunts us when we fail again and again, but the desire for flowers and applause tells us to struggle to our feet when we fall over before trouble.我们一生都在为成功而奋斗，然而，让每天都有意义并非易事。当我们一次又一次地失败时，放弃的想法萦绕心头。但对鲜花和掌声的渴望告诉我们，在困难面前跌倒时，要挣扎着站起来(继续奋斗)。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle ________ debt and misfortune.
②Lisa struggled ________ her conscience before talking to the police.
③It was ________ real struggle to be ready on time.
10. calm vi. & vt.（使）镇静；（使）平静　adj.平静的，镇静的，沉着的；（海洋）风平浪静的；（天气）无风的
calm (sb.) down (使某人)安静下来；(使某人)平静下来
keep/remain/stay calm 保持冷静
I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.
我把雏鸟放进巢中，它很快就安静下来了。
The police chief advised his men to stay calm and not to lose their temper.警察局局长劝他手下的人要保持冷静，不要发脾气。
After a whole night's storm, the sea became calm again.
一整晚的暴风雨过后，大海重归平静。
词语辨析
(1)calm表示人在危急、危险的情形中保持镇静；
(2)quiet表示人的外表安静或性情稳定；
(3)still表示站、坐、躺的姿势静止、不动；
(4)silent表示没有声音，沉默，不讲话。
经典例句
You should stay calm even in an emergency.
即使情况紧急，你也应当保持镇静。
经典例句
Could you keep the kids quiet while I'm on the phone
我在打电话时，你能让孩子们保持安静吗？
Keep still. The photographer is ready.
别动，摄影师已经准备好了。
He was silent for a moment, and then began his answer.他沉默了一会儿，然后开始回答。
即学即练　完成句子
①Moved by what she said, he could hardly ________________________ (平静下来).
②Don't be nervous! __________________________ (保持镇静) even when you are in the face of danger.
③The child was crying, so the nurse had got to give him some toys to ________________ (使他平静下来).
11. view n．[C]看法；观点；见解；景色；风景[C，U]视野；视线　vt.把……视为；观看；查看；察看
from one's point of view 从某人的角度、观点出发
in one's view＝in one's opinion 在某人看来
come into view 映入眼帘
have a good/wonderful view of 清晰地看到
in view of 鉴于；考虑到
on view 在展出
view sb./sth. as... 把某人/某物视为……
In my view, the greatest happiness lies in one's satisfaction with one's surroundings.
在我看来，人最大的幸福在于对周围环境的满足。
Suddenly the Great Wall came into view.
突然，长城映入了眼帘。
We went up to the roof, from where we had a good view of the lake.我们爬上屋顶，从那里我们可以很清晰地欣赏湖景。
In view of his health state, the doctor made a special diet for him.考虑到他的健康状况，医生给他规定了专门的饮食。
English is viewed as a tool of international communication.
英语被视为一种国际交流的工具。
词语辨析
(1)view指从远处或高处看到的景色
You can get a good view of the park from this tower.
从这座塔上你可以俯瞰公园美景。
(2)sight指旅游观光的风光，包括城市景色和自然风光
In the afternoon, you'll have a chance to see the sights．
在下午，你可以参观名胜。
(3)scene是scenery的一部分，多包括其中的人物及活动
He photographed a wide range of street scenes．他拍摄了丰富多彩的街景。
(4)scenery指某一国家或地区的总的自然景色
The region is well-known for its scenery．这个地区以其风景著称。
即学即练　完成句子
①________________ (鉴于) the fact that the journey would begin at an altitude of more than 5，000 metres, she changed her mind at last.
②They ________________ (对……有不同的观点) the man's real identity.
③________________ (在我看来), she did care about her parents.
④Finally, the famous temple ________________ (映入眼帘).
⑤One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a high building is that you can ______________________________ (看到好的风景).
12. concern n．[U]担心，忧虑；关心[C]担心的事；重要的事　vt.让（某人）担忧；涉及，影响，牵涉（某人）；与……有关
(1)concern about/for/over... 对……的担心/忧虑
(2)concern oneself about/for... 为……担心
concern oneself with/about... 与……有关系，关心……
(3)concerned adj. 担心的，忧虑的；关切的，关注的
be concerned about/for... 担忧/忧虑……
be concerned about/with... 关注……
as far as sb. is concerned 就某人而言
(4)concerning prep. 关于；有关(＝about/regarding)
At that time, one of his concerns was to go to college.
那时他关注的事情之一就是上大学。
There is growing concern about environmental protection.
人们越来越关注环境保护。
She concerns herself about her son's future.
她担忧她儿子的未来。
More and more parents are concerned about their children's safety at school.
越来越多的父母担心他们孩子在校的安全。
The meeting was concerned with how to improve the awarding system, and the relevant departments put forward their plans.
这个会议是关于如何改进奖励制度的，并且相关部门提出了自己的方案。
As far as I am concerned, health is more important than wealth.
就我而言，健康比财富更为重要。
Some senior students wrote in asking for information concerning postgraduate studies.
一些大四学生写信询问有关研究生学业的信息。
语境助记
The mayor was very concerned about the workers' safety. He showed much concern for those who worked underground and asked them some questions concerning safety. He asked the officials concerned to put safety at the first place.市长很关心工人的安全。他对那些在地面下工作的人非常关心，并且问了他们一些关于安全的问题。他要求相关的官员把安全放在第一位。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①Certain new rules ________ (concern) studying abroad have been announced recently.
②Air pollution is what most people are ________ (concern) about nowadays, because their health is being threatened.
③More than one company says the graduates only concern ________ (they) about their own matters and lack teamwork spirit.
④You can skip through a book, reading only those passages ________ (concern).
⑤As far as I ________ (concern), I don't object your decision.
⑥________ (concern) about Lucy, the teacher called her mother to find out why she was so often absent from class.
13. normal adj.正常的，一般的　n．常态，通常标准
(1)It is normal (for sb.) to do sth. (某人)做某事是正常的
(2)above/below normal 通常标准之上/之下
bring...back to normal 使……恢复正常
return to normal 恢复正常
It is normal to feel tired after such a long trip.
这样的长途旅行之后感到疲劳是正常的。
The rainfall is below normal for this time of year.
一年中这个时期的降雨量低于正常水平。
It took us a lot of time to bring everything back to normal after the earthquake.地震后，我们花了很长时间让一切恢复正常。
辨析比较　normal/ordinary/common/usual
(1)normal 正常的，一般的。指行为、特征符合常态、常规。
(2)ordinary平常的，普通的。强调“平常”，无出奇之处。
(3)common常见的，共同的。具有多数人/事物共有的特征，因常见而显得平常。
(4)usual通常的，惯常的。侧重说明行为的经常性。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①It's normal ________ (feel) nervous before an exam.
完成句子
②When I took his temperature, it was 2 ℃ _____________________________________ (正常标准之上).
③The government has taken some measures to reconstruct the earthquake-hit areas, but it will be some time before they __________________________ (恢复正常).
14. stress n．压力；重音；强调；重要性　vt.强调，着重
(1)be under stress 在压力下
under the stress of... 在……的压力下
lay/place/put stress on... 强调/重视……
(2)stress the importance of... 强调……的重要性
(3)stressful adj. 压力重的，紧张的(常修饰事物的性质)
stressed adj. 焦虑不安(常修饰人的感受或表情)
Lily has been under a lot of stress since her mother's illness.
莉莉自从母亲生病以来承受了很大的压力。
We lay special stress on developing a new type of major-power relationship.我们特别重视发展新型大国关系。
Our teacher stressed the importance of cooperation.
我们的老师强调了合作的重要性。
It was a particularly stressful job.
它是一份特别有压力的工作。
If you feel stressed at work, give yourself an hour to rest.
你如果在工作中感到焦虑不安，就给自己一个小时(的时间)休息一下。
语境助记
Jerry has been under stress for one month. He has so much stressful work to do that he feels desperately stressed．
杰里这一个月来都处于压力之下。他有太多压力大的工作要做，以至于他感到心力交瘁。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①Everybody gets ________ (stress) from time to time. Different people feel stress in different ways.
②Friends should be people who help us to strengthen our strengths and find solutions to ________ (stress) situations.
用stress的相关短语完成句子
③Things can easily go wrong when people are __________________________________________ (在压力下).
④I'd like to take the opportunity __________________________ (强调教育的重要性).
15. argue v．争论，争吵；论证，争辩
(1)argue with sb. about/over sth. 和某人为某事而争论
(2)argue for/against 赞成/反对
argue that... 主张/认为……
argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事
They are arguing with each other about how to spend the money.
他们正在为这笔钱该怎么花而争论不休。
I argue against throwing tradition away.
我反对丢弃传统。
I find it hard to argue with him about the topic.
我发现很难跟他争论这个话题。
She argued that our attempt would be a waste of time.
她认为我们的尝试是浪费时间。
I argued her out of moving off in such bad weather.
我说服了她不要在这样糟糕的天气动身。
词语辨析
(1)argue指争论、争辩，侧重说理、论证和企图说服；
(2)quarrel指由于愤怒而争吵、吵架；
(3)debate侧重双方正式或公开的争辩。
经典例句
People generally quarrel because they can't argue.人们通常因为不能辩论而争吵。
The experts are debating how to solve the mystery.
专家们正在讨论如何解开这个谜。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①It's normal for couples to argue ________ each other every now and then.
②He's never willing to change any of his opinions. It is no use arguing ________ him ________ that.
③He argued ________ the plan. Because it was not practical.
④Many people argue ________ changing their jobs. They argue ________ change means progress.
第二版块|重点句型解构
1. （教材P16）You may feel anxious that you are developing at a different rate to your friends， shooting up in height or getting left far behind．你可能会因为与你的朋友们成长速度不同而感到焦虑，你会快速长高或者被远远甩在后面。
[句式分析]　本句中shooting up in height or getting left far behind是现在分词短语作伴随状语。
现在分词(短语)可以在句中作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随、方式、结果等状语。现在分词(短语)与句子主语构成逻辑上的主动关系，现在分词(短语)的一般式所表示的动作与句中谓语表示的动作同时或几乎同时发生；现在分词(短语)的完成式所表示的动作先于句中谓语所表示的动作发生。
Feeling tired, she still didn't stop working.
尽管感觉很累，她仍然不停地工作。(Feeling tired作让步状语)
Having finished their work, they cheered and went home happily.
完成了工作之后，他们欢呼雀跃，高高兴兴地回家了。(Having finished their work作时间状语)
She sat at the desk wondering what to do.
她坐在桌子旁边，琢磨着该做什么。(wondering what to do作伴随状语)
Not knowing his telephone number, I lost touch with him.
因为不知道他的电话号码，我和他失去了联系。(Not knowing...作原因状语)
European football is played in 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world.有80个国家踢欧式足球，这使它成为世界上最受欢迎的运动。(making it...作结果状语)
Reading more, you'll learn something new.
只要多阅读，你就会学到新的东西。(Reading more作条件状语)
Please answer the question using another way.
请用另一种方式来回答这个问题。(using another way作方式状语)
特别提示
①现在分词(短语)作状语，其逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致。
②现在分词(短语)前可有while, when, unless, although, though, if等连词。
When walking in the street, I saw my English teacher.走在街上时，我看见了我的英语老师。
If working hard at English, you'll make great progress.如果努力学习英语，你将会取得很大的进步。
Though feeling very tired, she was satisfied.尽管感觉很累，但她很满足。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①________ (see) from the roof of the house, we can get a beautiful view of this village.
②Do you wake up ________ (feel) energetic and ready to start a new day
③More highways have been built in China, ________ (make) it easier for people to travel from one place to another.
④________ (see) the movie The Tokyo Trial, we knew more about the history.
2. （教材P17）Unfortunately， your parents do not always agree and that makes you feel unhappy．
不幸的是，你的父母并不总认同，这让你感到不高兴。
[句式分析]　本句画线部分是“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构
(1)“make＋宾语＋省略to的不定式”表示“使某人/某物做某事”在被动语态中不定式符号to要还原，即be made to do sth.。
When you help others, it will make you feel better about yourself.当你帮助别人时，这会使你自我感觉更好。
Up to a billion people could eventually be made to move because of climate change.
最终将会有多达十亿人因为气候变化而被迫离开自己的家园。
(2)“make＋宾语＋adj.”表示“使某人/某物……”
She has won the game, which made her parents proud.
她赢得了比赛，这让她的父母感到骄傲。
(3)“make＋宾语＋n.”表示“使某人/某物成为……”。(如果宾补表示独一无二的职位或头衔，则其前不用冠词)
He has a strong sense of responsibility, so we are willing to make him monitor of our class.
他有很强的责任感，所以我们愿意选他当我们的班长。
(4)“make＋宾语＋过去分词”表示“使某人/某物被……”。构成过去分词的动词与宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
The speaker raised his voice in order to make himself heard.
发言人提高他的嗓音以使别人能听到他说的话。
名师点津
“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构中不能用现在分词作宾补。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①So every teacher should be helpful and kind. It can make children ________ (love) you and the subject you teach.
②There were many people in the hospital, so I was made ________ (wait) four hours before I was examined by a doctor.
③It's an opportunity to make the Chinese culture better ________ (know) to international students.
④He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make his students ________ (interest) in his lessons.
3. （教材P17）Through this kind of healthy discussion， you will learn when to back down and when to ask your parents to relax their control．
通过这种健康的讨论，你将学会何时认输，何时让你的父母放松（对你的）控制。
[句式分析]　本句中画线部分是“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构作宾语
“特殊疑问词/whether＋动词不定式”结构
特殊疑问词包括疑问代词who, whom, what(无选择范围), which(有选择范围)，whose和疑问副词when, where, how。该结构的具体用法如下：
(1)在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等(注意：作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式)。
(2)通常用在tell，show，decide，explain, teach，learn，discuss等词后作宾语。
(3)可以转换成相应的名词性从句。
How to make a cake (＝How we make a cake) is what we're going to learn today.今天我们要学习的是如何做蛋糕。(作主语)
He hasn't decided whether to go or stay (＝whether he will go or stay).他还没有决定去留。(作宾语)
This room is too small. The problem now is where to put this bookshelf (＝where we put this bookshelf).这间屋子太小了。现在的问题是(我们)该把这个书架放在哪儿。(作表语)
I have no idea when to tell (＝when I shall tell) her the bad news.我不知道什么时候告诉她这个坏消息。(作同位语)
特别提示
特殊疑问词与构成不定式的动词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式通常用主动形式表被动含义。
I didn't know whom to ask for help when I was abroad for the first time.
我第一次出国的时候，真不知道向谁寻求帮助。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①There are so many books here. What troubles them is ________ to choose.
②Before their flight, the astronauts had to learn how ________ (live) in outer space.
③We couldn't agree on ________ to start and ________ to go for the coming holiday.
用“特殊疑问词/whether＋动词不定式”结构完成句子
④____________________________________________ (什么时候开会) has not yet been told to us.
⑤I know __________________________________________ (在哪里能找到这个男孩).
⑥Li Jiang and Su Hua are discussing __________________________________________ (穿什么) when receiving the British students next month.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I placed the chick (雏鸟) in the ________ (鸟窝), and it quickly calmed down.
2．The old house whose ________ (屋顶) was damaged in the storm is now under repair.
3．Their whole life was a constant ________ (斗争) against poverty.
4．We had an ________ (争吵) with the waiter about the bill.
5．Since his parents died early, he had to earn his own living when he was a ________ (青少年).
6．There is often a ________ (紧张关系) between the aims of the company and the wishes of the employees.
7．But while increasing health was a typical feature of the 20th century, declining birth ________ (率) could be a defining one of the 21st.
8．She was wearing a black skirt with white ________ (斑点).
9．A computer system ________ (故障) has caused great loss to the software company.
10．Members of the team have ________ (有规律的) training on every Friday afternoon from 3：30 to 5：00.
11．The company has been ________ (把……作为攻击目标) by animal rights groups for its use of dogs in drugs trials.
12．Do you have a ________ (思想的) picture of what it will look like
13．Some children find it difficult to talk to ________ (成年人).
14．When she agreed to marry him he felt he had achieved his heart's ________ (愿望).
15．An ________ (编辑) is someone who prepares a book or article for printing by deciding what to include and checking for any mistakes.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．We meet ________ (regular) to discuss the progress of the project.
2．He is an ________ (experience) teacher and he has much experience in teaching.
3．He struggled ________ (explain) what he heard in his head.
4．In view ________ your present bad mood, you'd better put off the work till next week, when you may be in higher spirits.
5．We agreed without much further ________ (argue).
6．It ________ (normal) takes 20 minutes to get there.
7．It was a very ________ (stress) time for all of us.
8．We waited for the news with a growing sense of ________ (anxious).
9．“This is the kind of society we live in，” he said ________ (anger).
10．—Jack still can't help being anxious ________ his job interview.
—Lack of self-confidence is his Achilles' heel, I am afraid.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
In the family, heated arguments and cold silences 1.________ (be) common between 2.________ (teenager) and parents. Such family tensions are often caused by teenagers' 3.________ (pain) physical changes, such as the changing voice and weight problems. Besides, it can be 4.________ big headache to balance teenagers' developing mental needs. They feel ready to be more responsible and make decisions on their own. But their parents don't always agree, which makes teenagers 5.________ (feel) unhappy. However, teenagers can take some action 6.________ (improve) the situation. For example, they can communicate with their parents 7.________ (regular) and honestly. Through such healthy communication, teenagers can learn when to back down 8.________ when to ask parents to relax their control. In fact, 9.________ is quite normal to struggle 10.________ the stress that parent-child tensions create. The stormy period will not last and everything will turn out all right in the end.
Unit 2 Let's talk teens
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．nest　2.roof　3.battle　4.teenager　5.rate　6.shoot　shot　shot　7.spot　8.target　9.adult　10.desire　11.struggle
12．breakdown　13.calm　14.view　15.skin
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．argument　argue　2.tension　tense　3.anxious　anxiously　anxiety　4.anger　angry　angrily　5.mental　physical
6．rough　roughly　7.regular　regularly　8.concern　concerned　concerning　9.normal　abnormal　10.stress　stressed　stressful　11.editor　edit　edition
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．see eye to eye with sb. (on sth.)　2.result in　3.at a．..rate　4.shoot up　5.middle ground　6.make a decision
7．on one's own　8.calm down　9.from one's point of view　10.think sth. through　11.back down　12.turn out
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．shooting up　getting　2.makes you feel unhappy
3．when to back down
文本研析·语篇理解
1．C　2.B　3.D　4.A
核心突破·互动探究
第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1．①provide　with　②provide　for
2．①argument　②an　③with　④about/over
3．①about　②anxiety　③anxiety　④anxiously　⑤to see
4．①at　②the　③was shot in the head　④have shot up
5．①had spotted　②where　③driving　④were spotted with
⑤on the spot
6．①at　②for　③set the target　④meet/achieve your target(s)
⑤targeted at
7．①angry　②anger　③angry　④angrily　⑤in
8．①to bring　②for　③to have　④His mother desired him to be/become a teacher.　His mother desired that he (should) be/become a teacher.
9．①against　②with　③a
10．①calm down　②Keep/Stay/Remain calm　③calm him down
11．①In view of　②have different views on　③In my view/opinion　④came into view　⑤get a good view
12．①concerning　②concerned　③themselves　④concerned　⑤am concerned　⑥Concerned
13．①to feel　②above normal　③return to normal
14．①stressed　②stressful　③under stress　④to stress the importance of education或to lay/place/put stress on the importance of education
15．①with　②with　about/over　③against　④for　that
第二版块|重点句型解构
1．①Seeing　②feeling　③making　④Having seen
2．①love　②to wait　③known　④interested
3．①which　②to live　③when　where　④When to hold the meeting　⑤where to find the boy　⑥what to wear
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．nest　2.roof　3.battle　4.argument　5.teenager　6.tension
7．rate　8.spots　9.breakdown　10.regular　11.targeted
12．mental　13.adults　14.desire　15.editor
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．regularly　2.experienced　3.to explain　4.of　5.argument　6.normally　7.stressful　8.anxiety　9.angrily　10.about
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
1．are　2.teenagers　3.painful　4.a　5.feel　6.to improve
7．regularly　8.and　9.it　10.with
PAGE
1Section Ⅲ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．____________ n. 食品杂货；食品杂货店
2．____________ n. 烟斗；管子；管乐器
3．____________ n. 大腿部
4．____________ n. 出纳员；叙述者
5．____________ n. 公寓
adj. 平坦的；瘪了的
6．____________ n. 租金
vi. & vt. 租用；出租
7．____________ n. 数字；人物；体型，身材
8．____________ adv. 在市中心，往市中心
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________ n．账户；描述；解释 vt.认为是，视为→________ n．会计师
2．________ adj.安心的；可靠的；牢固的→________ adj.不安全的；不牢靠的→________ adv.安全地；牢固地→________ n．安全，安全工作；保证
3．________ vi. & vt.毕业 n．毕业生→________ n．毕业；毕业典礼
4．________ vi.聚集，召集 vt.收拢；搜集，收集；聚集→________ n．聚集；集会
5．________ n．突发事件，紧急情况→________ adj.新出现的，新兴的
6．________ vi. & vt.自愿做，义务做 n．志愿者→________ adj.自愿的；志愿的；自发的
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．________________ 数(出)某物，不把……算在内
2．________________ 把某物放在一边
3．________________ 自豪，高兴； 以……而骄傲
4．________________ 簇拥，聚集在
5．________________ 取下
6．________________ 放弃
7．________________ 照顾；照看
8．________________ 去市中心
9．________________ 提取，支取
10．________________ 依赖，依靠
11．________________ 第一次
Ⅳ.重点句型
无论发生什么事，我们总是知道我们还有那个银行可以依靠。
________________________， we always knew we still had the Bank to depend upon.
根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．What gave the family a warm, secure feeling in the rough time
A．Papa's money.
B．The big silver pieces.
C．The family meeting at Saturday night.
D．Mama's Bank Account.
2．When did they open their “Little Bank”？
A．On a Saturday night.
B．When they met sudden emergencies.
C．When Nels graduated from grammar school.
D．When they didn't want to go to the Bank.
3．Why did they feel very good when they didn't have to go downtown
A．They had got enough money.
B．They didn't need to use Mama's Bank Account.
C．They all didn't like to go downtown.
D．They had the “Little Bank”．
4．Why did Mama say that she had a Bank Account in downtown
A.She wanted to cheat the children.
B．She always expected to have her own Bank Account.
C．She wanted to get money from the Bank.
D．She wanted the children always had the Bank to depend upon.
Mama and Her Bank Account
Every Saturday night Mama would sit down by the kitchen table and count out the money Papa had brought home [1].
[1]省略了引导词that/which的定语从句
“For the rent.” Mama would count out the big silver pieces.
“For the groceries.” Another group of coins.
“I'll need a notebook.” That would be my sister Christine, my brother Nels or me.
Mama would put one or two coins to the side. We would watch with anxious interest. At last, Papa would ask, “Is that all？” And when Mama nodded, we could relax a little. Mama would look up and smile, “Good. We do not have to go to the Bank.” We were all so proud of Mama's Bank Account. It gave us such a warm, secure feeling.
When Nels graduated from grammar school, he wanted to go on to high school. “It will cost a little money，” he said.
Eagerly we gathered around the table. I took down a box and laid it carefully in front of Mama. This was the “Little Bank”. It was used for sudden emergencies, such as the time when Christine broke her arm and had to be taken to a doctor [2].
[2]when引导的定语从句，修饰the time
Nels listed the costs of the things he would need [3]. Mama counted out the money in the Little Bank. There was not enough. “We do not want to go to the Bank，” she reminded. We all shook our heads.
[3]省略了引导词的定语从句
“I will work in Dillon's grocery after school，” Nels volunteered.
Mama gave him a bright smile and wrote down a number. “That's not enough，” Papa said. Then he took his pipe out of his mouth and looked at it for a long time. “I will give up smoking，” he said suddenly.
Mama reached across the table and touched Papa's arm. Then she wrote down another figure.
“I will look after the Elvington children every Friday night，” I said. “Christine can help me.”
Now there was enough money. We all felt very good because we did not have to go downtown and draw money out of Mama's Bank Account.
So many things came out of the Little Bank that year: Christine's dress for the school play, my little sister Dagmar's operation ...Whatever happened [4], we always knew we still had the Bank to depend upon.
[4]whatever引导的让步状语从句
That was twenty years ago.
Last year I sold my first story. When the check came, I hurried over to Mama's and put it in her lap. “For you，” I said, “to put in your Bank Account.”
I noticed for the first time how old Mama and Papa looked. Papa seemed shorter, and Mama's hair was silver now.
“Tomorrow，” I told Mama, “you must take it to the Bank.”
“You will go with me, Katrin？”
“That won't be necessary. Just hand it to the teller. He'll pay it into your account.”
Mama looked at me. “There is no account，” she said. “In all my life, I've never been inside a bank.”
And when I didn't—couldn't—answer, Mama said seriously, “It is not good for little ones to be afraid—to not feel secure.”
(Adapted from Kathryn Forbes's Mama's Bank Account, which has 17 short stories and describes the struggles and dreams of a family in San Francisco in the early 1900s)
妈妈的银行账户
每个星期六的晚上，妈妈都会坐在餐桌旁，清点爸爸带回家的钱。
“这些付房租。”妈妈会先把大面额银币点出来。
“这些买生活用品。”又是一摞硬币。
“我需要一个笔记本。”说这话的，通常是我的妹妹克里斯蒂娜，或是我的哥哥内尔斯，要不就是我。
妈妈听完会拿出一两个硬币到一旁。我们几个都紧张地看着。最后，爸爸会问：“就这些了？”妈妈点点头，我们几个都稍稍松了口气。妈妈会抬起头，微笑着说：“太好了，我们不用去银行啦。”我们所有人都为妈妈的银行账户感到十分自豪，它给我们一种如此温暖、安全的感觉。
从文法学校毕业后，内尔斯想继续读中学。“上学要花点儿钱。”他说。
于是一家人又急切地围到了餐桌旁。我取下一个盒子，小心翼翼地放在妈妈面前。这个小盒子是我们的“小金库”。它是用来应对家中不时之需的(emergency n．突发事件)，比如有一回，克里斯蒂娜摔断了胳膊，必须得送医。
内尔斯先列出了他所需物品的开支清单。妈妈清点了“小金库”里所有的钱——还是不够。“大家都不想动银行里的存款吧！”妈妈提醒。我们几个都摇了摇头。
“我放学后可以去狄龙的杂货店打工。”内尔斯自告奋勇。
妈妈给了哥哥一个灿烂的笑容，然后记下一个数字。“还是不够。”爸爸说。然后他取下了嘴里的烟斗，对着它端详了半晌。“我把烟戒了。”他冷不丁地说。
妈妈把手伸到桌子对面，摸摸爸爸的胳膊。然后她记下了另一个数字。
“我每周五晚上可以去照看埃尔温顿家的孩子，”我说，“克里斯蒂娜可以帮我。”
现在钱终于凑足了。大家都很开心，因为我们不用去城里从妈妈的银行账户里取钱了。
那一年，“小金库”应付了很多事：克里斯蒂娜参加学校演出的裙子、我小妹妹达格玛的手术……无论发生什么，我们一直都知道，最后还有妈妈的银行账户这个靠山。
一转眼二十年过去了。
去年，我卖出了我的第一部小说。拿到支票后，我迫不及待冲到妈妈家里，把支票放到她膝上。“给您的，”我说，“存到您的银行账户里吧！”
我第一次注意到，爸爸妈妈看起来苍老了好多。爸爸似乎变矮了，而妈妈如今已是满头银发。
“明天，”我跟妈妈说，“您一定要把这笔钱存到银行里。”
“你会跟我一块儿去的吧，凯特琳？”
“没必要啦，您把支票交给出纳员就好，他会帮您把钱存进您的账户的。”
妈妈看着我。“根本就没有银行账户，”她说，“我这辈子压根都没踏进过银行一步。”
我不知该回应什么——也无法回应，这时，妈妈郑重地说道：“让小孩子担惊受怕，心里不踏实，是不好的。”
(改编自凯瑟琳·福布斯的《妈妈的银行账户》。这本书由17个小故事组成，描绘了20世纪初旧金山一家人的奋斗和梦想。)
第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1. account vi.解释，说明；占（一定比例或数量）　vt.认为是，视为　n．账户，账目；说明，解释；叙述，描述
account for 是……的原因；解释；(数量上、比例上)占
open/close an account 开户/销户
give an account of... 描述……
The bad weather may have accounted for the delay.
天气不好可能是延误的原因。
She couldn't account for her spying on me.
她无法解释监视我的原因。
Students account for the majority of our customers.
我们的顾客大多数是学生。
The event was accounted a success.
人们认为这次活动是成功的。
I've opened an account at that bank.
我在那家银行开了一个账户。
He was too shocked to give an account of what had happened on the spot.他震惊得无法描述现场所发生的事情。
归纳拓展
take...into account/take account of...考虑到/顾及……
on account of因为，由于
on no account决不，绝对不
accountant n．会计，会计师
语境助记
They were prevented from returning home on account of the sudden rain. Besides, taking safety into account, they decided to stay in the tent for another night. These accounted for their absence from school, so it was accounted an awful day.因为突然下雨，他们不能回家。而且出于安全考虑，他们决定在帐篷里再待一晚。这些就是他们缺课的原因，因此他们认为那是糟糕的一天。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①In modern man, the brain accounts ________ about 2－3% of total body weight, but it consumes 25% of the body's energy when the body is at rest.
②If they had taken everything ________ account, they would not have made such a mistake.
③When questioned, he was too shocked to give an account ________ what had happened.
结合account的用法完成句子
④教授警告学生说在他的课上绝对不要使用手机。
The professor warned the students that ________________ should they use mobile phones in his class.
⑤要开户你需要你的身份证和一些钱。
To ________________， you need your ID card and some money.
2. rent n．租金　vi. & vt.租用；出租
rent sth. from sb. 从某人那里租用某物
rent sth. (out) (to sb.) 把某物出租(给某人)
rent sb. sth. 把某物出租给某人
rent at/for 以……价格出租
The rents of the houses near the schools are too high for common workers.
那些靠近学校的房子的租金对于一般的工人来说太高了。
We are renting this house from Mr. Smith.
我们打算从史密斯先生那里租这栋房子。
She agreed to rent the basement (out) to me at ￥200 a month.
她同意将地下室以每月200元的价格出租给我。
The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services.
政府也为公司出售或租赁自动驾驶汽车以及运行无人驾驶出租车服务扫清了障碍。
The apartment rents for $500 a month.
这套公寓每月租金为500美元。
词语辨析　rent, hire与employ
(1)rent指长时间“出租；租用”，宾语一般是房屋、土地等
They rented a house from Mr. Smith.他们租用了史密斯先生的一套房子。
(2)hire指短期、临时或一次性“雇用；租用”，宾语可以是人，也可以是物
They hired a boat and went fishing.他们租了一条船去钓鱼了。
(3)employ指长时间“雇用”，宾语一般是人
He employed the girl as a typist.他雇用那个女孩为打字员。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①We had moved into a ________ (rent) house.
②William rented his land ________ us ________ ￡500 a year.
③I don't have enough money to buy a car, so I have to rent one ________ others.
④Last summer Brian Williams rented ________ his house and went camping.
3. secure adj.安心的；可靠的；牢固的；安全的　vt.保护，使安全
(1)feel secure about... 对……感到安心
be secure against/from.... 没有……的危险
(2)secure...against/from.... 保护……免受……
(3)(反)insecure adj. 无把握的；不牢靠的
securely adv. 安全地；稳固地
security n. [U]安全，平安；保护措施，安全工作
At last they were able to feel secure about the future.
他们终于能够对将来感到安心了。
There are no secure jobs these days.
如今已经没有铁饭碗了。
Some measures are needed to secure the bank from floods.
(我们)需要采取一些措施保护这道堤以免被洪水冲坏。
即学即练　完成句子
①后来，她和父亲与一个超市老板进行了第一次商务会谈，这个老板最终同意出售摩尔的产品——CanCandy。
Afterwards, she and her father secured their first business meeting with a super-market owner, ________ finally agreed to sell Moore's product—CanCandy.
②必须把资料保存起来，这样才不至于意外删除。
Information must be stored so that it is __________ accidental deletion.
4. graduate vi. & vt.毕业　n．大学毕业生
(1)graduate from... 毕业于……学校
graduate in... 毕业于……专业
(2)graduation n. 毕业
We haven't got a chance to talk face to face ever since we graduated from university.
我们自大学毕业后一直没有面对面交流的机会。
He graduated in law from Oxford University.
他是牛津大学法学专业毕业的。
He's a graduate of Yale.他是耶鲁大学的毕业生。
语境助记
Lily was a graduate who graduated from Beijing Normal University. She graduated in English. After graduation, she became a teacher in her hometown.莉莉是一名毕业于北京师范大学英语专业的毕业生，毕业之后她在她的家乡成了一名老师。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①They are the ________ (graduate) who graduated ________ Wuhan University and now are playing an important part in our company.
②Sarah graduated ________ physics ________ Cambridge University.
③By the time Jack returned home from England, his son ________ (graduate) from college.
④After ________ (graduate) she reached a point in her career where she needed to decide what to do.
5. gather v．聚集，集合；搜集，采集；增加(速度、力量等)
gather round/around 聚集；集合
gather together 聚集在一起
gather in 收割；收获
We'll gather at the Students' Club at 8：00 p．m. this Friday.
我们将于本周五晚上8点在学生俱乐部集合。
I chose an old tree and gathered everyone under it before I read.
朗读前，我选了一棵古树，把大家都聚集在树下。
Gather round and listen, children！孩子们，围拢过来听我说！
Give me a moment to gather my notes together.
给我点时间整理一下我的笔记。
The researcher's job is to gather information about people.
这位研究人员的工作是收集人们的信息。
The harvest has been safely gathered in.
庄稼已妥善收割完毕。
易混辨析　collect与gather的用法区别
①当表示“搜集；聚集”时，两者通常可以互换。
These little animals gather/collect nuts from the ground in the autumn.秋天，这些小动物们把地上的坚果收集起来。
They gathered/collected the leaves for burning.
他们把树叶扫拢烧掉了。
②两者的主要区别是：gather通常用来表示把分散的人或物聚拢在一起，还可用于表示将抽象的东西，例如力量、印象等聚集起来；而collect往往指为了特定目的，有条理、有计划地进行较为精心的搜集。所以像下例中的collect就不宜用gather代替。
My hobby is to collect stamps.我的爱好是集邮。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①After the meeting, many people gathered ________ him and gave him their congratulations.
②The wheat is ripe. The farmers are gathering wheat ________ now.
③A ________ (gather) is someone who ________ (gather) something.
完成句子
④请新娘一家人聚在一起拍张照，好吗？
Could the bride's family all ________________ for a photo
⑤人们心中充满了感激，因为他们收割好了用来过冬的粮食，农活也结束了。
People are grateful because their food ________________ for the winter and the agricultural work is over.
6. volunteer vi. & vt.自愿做，义务做；无偿做　n．志愿者
volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事
voluntary adj. 自愿的，主动的，志愿的
According to the research, people feel good when they volunteer to do something meaningful for other people.
根据这项研究，人们在自愿为他人做些有意义的事情时感觉良好。
She now helps in a local school as a volunteer three days a week.她现在作为一名志愿者在当地一所学校每周帮忙三天。
Are there any volunteers to help clear up
有自愿帮助清扫的人吗？
联想拓展
volunteer to do sth.的近义表达：
offer to do sth.　　　　　　 主动提出做某事
be willing/ready to do sth. 愿意做某事
即学即练　单句语法填空
①My neighbors volunteered ________ (take) care of my pet dog while I was on vacation last summer.
②Over the last 30 years, the number of people taking part in ________ (volunteer) work has increased sharply.
③In front of a large supermarket, five ________ (volunteer) wore white plastic bags and walked through the crowd.
7. figure n．数字；人物；体形，身材　vt.认为；认定，计算
(1)keep one's figure 保持身材
have a good figure 身材好
(2)figure out 弄明白，弄懂，弄清楚；计算(数量或成本)
Where did you get those figures
你是从哪儿得到那些数字的？
He has become a figure known to everyone.
他已经成为一个人人皆知的人物。
—I wonder how Mary has kept her figure after all these years.
我想知道这些年来玛丽是如何保持身材的。
—By working out every day.通过每天锻炼。
I saw a tall figure in black just now.
我刚看到一个黑衣高个子人影。
I figured that you wanted to see me about it.
我想你会为这件事想见我的。
If you don't understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people until you figure it out.
如果你不明白某些东西，你可以研究、学习、和别人交流，直到你弄明白为止。
即学即练　判断下列句子中的figure的词性及含义
①She can't stand others playing a joke on her figure.________________
②It will be nice if we have a true figure of how many people in this country haven't got a job.________________
③Tsinghua University is home to a great number of outstanding (优秀的) figures.________________
④A figure in a blue dress appeared in the doorway.________________
⑤It was pouring outside. So I figured you couldn't come to my party.________________
8. operation n．手术；运转，操作；企业；公司；经营
(1)do/perform an operation on sb. 给某人动手术
come/go into operation 开始生效
in operation 工作中；使用中；有效
bring...into operation 使……开始运转
(2)operate vi. 运转；工作；经营，营业；开刀，动手术
vt. 使用；操作；经营，管理(企业或机构)
operate on sb. (for...) 给某人动手术(以治疗……)
(3)operator n. 电话接线员；操作者；经营者
Doctors performed an emergency operation for appendicitis last night.医生昨天晚上做了一个紧急阑尾炎手术。
Protective clothing must be worn when the machine is in operation.这台机器运转时，必须穿上防护服。
A scheme is being brought into operation to see how these changes would work.
正在实施一项方案以观察这些变化将如何发挥作用。
The sewing machine is a bit difficult for me to operate.
这台缝纫机对我来说有点儿难以操作。
The doctor had to reflect on how to operate on the patient.
医生必须认真考虑如何给病人动手术。
语境助记
Computers are much easier to operate．电脑变得更容易操作了。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①Emergency line ________ (operate) must always stay calm and make sure that they get all the information they need to send help.
②Doctors spent several hours doing the ________ (operate) for her and the boy accompanied her all the time.
③Dr. Hunter got a phone call one night. He was asked to go to the hospital at once to operate ________ a seriously wounded boy.
9. scene n．（戏剧等）场；场面，片段；地点，现场；景象，风光；情景
on the scene 到场；出现
behind the scenes 在后台；在幕后；秘密地；背地里
the opening scene 开场
the scene of the crime/accident 犯罪/事故现场
a night scene 夜景
Thick black smoke rose over the scene.
在这一场景中，浓浓的黑烟滚滚升起。
The boats in the harbour at sunset make a beautiful scene.
日落时分港湾的船只构成了美丽的景象。
He could react jealously when and if another child comes on the scene.如果有别的孩子加入其中，他可能会表现得相当嫉妒。
Behind the scenes, both sides are working towards an agreement.双方在幕后努力想达成协议。
语境助记
They became the hottest thing on the pop music scene in England.
他们成为英格兰流行音乐界最热门的人物。
即学即练　写出下列各句中scene的含义
①The hero met the heroine in the opening scene of the play.________________
②She returned home to find a scene of mess.________________
③Having received an emergency call, the police were soon on the scene.________________
完成句子
④The police ________________________ (到现场) within minutes. The murderer couldn't get away with it.
⑤Seeing ______________________ (快乐的场景) of students playing basketball there, I can't help thinking of my school years.
10. response n．回答，答复；反应，响应
(1)in response to... 作为对……的答复/回应
make a/no response (to...) (对……)做出/不做答复/回应
(2)respond vi. & vt. 回答
vi. 回应；作出反应
respond to... 回答……；对……作出反应
She opened the door in response to the knock at the door.
听到敲门声，她打开了门。
He made no response to my question, and went on with his movie.
他没有回答我的问题，继续看他的电影。
When asked about the company's future, the director responded that he remained optimistic.被问及公司的未来时，经理回答说他依然持乐观态度。
Knowing basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
懂得基本的急救技能将有助于你对紧急情况迅速作出反应。
特别提示
respond常用作不及物动词，后接宾语时，要加介词to，这与reply的用法是一致的。而answer后直接接宾语。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded ________ the recordings.
②There were few people in ________ (respond) to Mr. Robinson's decision sympathetically.
一句多译
他没有回复我的信。
③________________________________________________________________________(response)
④________________________________________________________________________(respond)
第二版块|重点句型解构
(教材P26)Whatever happened, we always knew we still had the Bank to depend upon.
不管发生什么事，我们始终知道我们还有银行可以依靠。
[句式分析]　此句为主从复合句，其中whatever引导让步状语从句，whatever happened相当于no matter what happened，意为“无论发生什么”。
“疑问词＋-ever”引导让步状语从句
“疑问词＋－ever”类词whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever，wherever, whenever, however，它们可引导让步状语从句，通常可以转换为“no matter＋疑问词”。
Whatever (＝No matter what) happens, we must keep calm.
无论发生什么，我们都必须保持镇定。
Wherever (＝No matter where) I go, I always meet interesting people.无论我去哪里，我总会遇见有趣的人。
However (＝No matter how) carefully I explained, she still didn't understand.无论我解释得多么仔细，她仍然不明白。
名师点津
whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever还可引导名词性从句，此时不能转换为“no matter＋疑问词”。
You can take whichever book you like.你可以拿你喜欢的任何一本书。
I'll take whoever wants to go.谁想去我就带谁去。
即学即练　完成句子
①She has the window open, ________________________ (不管多冷)outside.
②________________________ (不管你怎么努力尝试), it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.
③________________________ (无论她去哪里), there are crowds of people waiting to see her.
④We promise ________________________ (无论谁参加晚会)a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.
⑤Your support is important to our work. ________________________ (无论你能做什么) helps.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I opened a bank ________ (账户) after I made $1，000 by doing a part-time job during the summer vacation.
2．The family ________ (租用) a former church in ________ (在市中心) Portland and scheduled a concert.
3．I was ready to pay for my bananas at the ________ (食品杂货店) one night, when fear seized me. My wallet was gone.
4．People slowly ________ (收集) their belongings and left the hall.
5．Schools need ________ (志愿者) to help children to read.
6．The final ________ (数字) looks like being much higher than predicted.
7．Firefighters were on the ________ (现场) immediately.
8．The parents were shocked by the news that their son needed an ________ (手术) on his knee.
9．The old couple preferred a ________ (公寓) in a small town to one in a large city as Chongqing.
10．The floors of all campus buildings are equipped with manual (手动的) fire alarm systems which include fire alarm pull stations and ________ (管子).
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．These elephants are relatively secure ________ illegal hunters.
2．By the time Jack returned home from England, his son had graduated ________ college.
3．She made a response ________ my message with a phone call.
4．If you don't understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people until you figure it ________．
5．It shouldn't take long to clear up after the party if we all volunteer ________ (help).
6．This new film is said to be adapted ________ a novel by Jane Austen.
7．________ book you lend me, I'll read it carefully.
8．The professor warned the students that ________ no account should they use mobile phones in his class.
9．Exit immediately from the nearest ________ (emergent) exit; do not use a lift.
10．Who is responsible for the ________ (operate) of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and lawyers.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Mama always sat down by the kitchen table and divided the money that Papa brought home into several 1.________ (part). Each part had 2.________ different aim. For example, the big silver pieces were for the rent. In our 3.________ (day) life, Mama tried her best not to draw money out 4.________ her Bank Account, however hard the life was. When Nels wanted to go on to high school, my family members did 5.________ best to earn or save money instead of 6.________ (go) to the Bank. To get enough money, Nels 7.________ (volunteer) to work in Dillon's grocery after school; Papa decided 8.________ (give) up smoking 9.________ I planned to look after the Elvington children every Friday night. However, when I asked Mama to put the check of my first story in the Bank Account last year, Mama had to admit that there was no account in the bank at all. 10.________ (actual), Mama's Bank Account just made us children feel proud and secure.
Section Ⅲ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．grocery　2.pipe　3.lap　4.teller　5.flat　6.rent　7.figure
8．downtown
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．account　accountant　2.secure　insecure　securely　security　3.graduate　graduation　4.gather　gathering
5．emergency　emergent　6.volunteer　voluntary
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．count out　2.put sth. to the side　3.be proud of　4.gather around　5.take down　6.give up　7.look after　8.go downtown　9.draw...out of...　10.depend upon/on　11.for the first time
Ⅳ.重点句型
Whatever happened
文本研析·语篇理解
1．D　2.B　3.B　4.D
核心突破·互动探究
第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1．①for　②into　③of　④on no account　⑤open an account
2．①rented　②to　at/for　③from　④out
3．①who　②secure from
4．①graduates　from　②in　from　③had graduated　④graduation
5．①round/around　②in　③gatherer　gathers　④gather together　⑤is gathered
6．①to take　②voluntary　③volunteers
7．①n.身材　②n.数字　③n.人物　④n.人影　⑤vt.认定，认为
8．①operators　②operation　③on
9．①(戏剧中的)场　②情景；景象　③发生地点，现场　④were on the scene　⑤the happy scene
10．①to　②response　③He made no response to my letter.
④He didn't respond to my letter.
第二版块|重点句型解构
①however/no matter how cold it is　②However/No matter how hard you try　③Wherever/No matter where she goes　④whoever attends the party　⑤Whatever you can do
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．account　2.rented　downtown　3.grocery　4.gathered　5.volunteers　6.figure　7.scene　8.operation　9.flat　10.pipes
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．against/from　2.from　3.to　4.out　5.to help　6.from
7．Whatever　8.on　9.emergency　10.operation
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
1．parts　2.a　3.daily　4.of　5.our　6.going　7.volunteered
8．to give　9.and　10.Actually
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