Unit 2 单元基础知识汇总
本单元词汇
[黑体部分为重点单词]
honour/' n /v. 向……表示敬意
dragon/'dr ɡ n/n. 龙
lunar/'lu n /adj. 月球的
poet/'p t/n. 诗人
harvest/'hɑ v st/n. 收成
decoration/ dek 're ( )n/n. 装饰物
freedom/'fri d m/n. 自由，自由权利
participate/pɑ 't s pe t/v. 参加，参与
vote/v t/v. 投票，表决
regardless/r 'ɡɑ dl s/adv. 不管，不顾
inequality/ n 'kw l ti/n. (社会上的)不平等
fantasy/'f nt si/n. 幻想，想象
novel/'n v( )l/n. (长篇)小说
limitless/'l m tl s/adj. 无限的
regard/r 'ɡɑ d/v. 认为，看作
regard...as... 把……视作……
literature/'l t( )r t /n. 文学
envelope/'env l p/n. 信封
pole/p l/n. (行星的)地极，(尤指地球的)北极或南极
handwritten/ h nd'r tn/adj. 手写的
regular/'reɡj l /adj. 频繁的，经常的
polar/'p l /adj. 极地的
roof/ru f/n. (建筑物、汽车、帐篷等的)顶，顶部
complain/k m'ple n/v. 抱怨，不满，发牢骚
warning/'w n /n. 警告，警示，告诫
starving/'stɑ v /adj. 挨饿的，即将饿死的
助记
①对比 solar adj.太阳的—lunar adj.月球的
②对比 poet n．诗人—poem n．诗—poetry n．诗歌（总称）
③派生 decorate v．＋ ion→decoration n．装饰物
ion，名词后缀：行为、状态、结果
④派生 free adj.＋ dom→freedom n．自由，自由权利
dom，名词后缀：状态
⑤派生 in ＋equality n．→inequality n．（社会上的）不平等
in ，否定前缀；不、无、非
⑥派生 limit n．限度，极限＋ less→limitless adj.无限的
less，形容词后缀；无……的
⑦拆分 hand＋written→handwritten adj.手写的
⑧派生 warn v．＋ ing→warning n．警告，警示，告诫
ing，名词后缀：行为、状态、情况
⑨派生 starve v．＋ ing→starving adj.挨饿的，即将饿死的
ing，形容词后缀：使……的、……的
indicate/' nd ke t/v. 表明，显示
request/r 'kwest/n. 请求，要求
fancy/'f nsi/adj. 花哨的，别致的
fancy dress 化装服
guy/ɡa /n. (尤指青年)男子
wave/we v/v. 挥手，招手
lantern/'l nt n/n. 灯笼
dessert/d 'z t/n. (饭后的)甜食，甜品，甜点
attract/ 'tr kt/v. 吸引，引起……的兴趣
firework/'fa w k/n. 烟火，烟花
decorate/'dek re t/v. 装饰，布置，美化
riddle/'r dl/n. 谜，谜语
competition/ k mp 't ( )n/n. 比赛，竞赛
formal/'f m( )l/adj. 正式的
host/h st/n. 东道主，主人
occasion/ 'ke ( )n/n. 场合，时刻
助记
①对比 desert n．—dessert n．
沙漠（desert）里没有甜点（dessert），沙漠（desert）比甜点（dessert）少一个s
②合成 fire＋work→firework n．烟火，烟花
③对比 middle n．—riddle n．谜语
④对比 guest n．客人，宾客—host n．东道主，主人
⑤对比 decision n．决定—televsion n．电视机—occasion n．场合
editor/'ed t /n. (报纸、杂志的)主编，编辑
embrace/ m'bre s/v. 欣然接受，乐意采纳(新思想、意见等)
admit/ d'm t/v. (不情愿地)承认
effort/'ef t/n. 力气，精力
loss/l s/n. 失去，丧失
eve/i v/n. 前夕，前一天
software/'s ftwe /n. (计算机)软件
adult/' d lt/n. 成人，成年人
token/'t k n/n. 象征，标志
process/'pr ses/n. (为达到某目标的)过程，进程
retired/r 'ta d/adj. 退休的
exist/ ɡ'z st/v. 存在，实际上有
overseas/ v 'si z/adv. 在海外，在外国
global/'ɡl b( )l/adj. 全球的，全世界的
citizen/'s t z( )n/n. 公民，市民
nationality/ n 'n l ti/n. 国籍；民族
audience/' di ns/n. 听众，观众
interact/ nt r' kt/v. 互动
joy/d /n. 欢欣，愉快，喜悦
phenomenon/f 'n m n n/n. 现象
助记
①派生 edit v．＋ or→editor n．（报纸、杂志的）主编，编辑
or，名词后缀：做或正在做某事的人
②对比 effect n．影响，结果—effort n．力气，精力
③对比 lose v．失去，丧失—loss n．失去，丧失
④对比 progress n．—process n．
进步（progress）都有个过程（process）
⑤派生 retire v．＋ ed→retired adj.退休的
ed，形容词后缀：已……的
⑥拆分 over＋sea＋s→overseas adv.在海外，在外国
⑦派生 globe n．地球，世界＋ al→global adj.全球的，全世界的
al，形容词后缀：属于……的
⑧联想 citizen： 市民（citizen）居住在城市（city）里
本单元短语
1．regard...as... 把……视作
2．fancy dress 化装服
3．complain about/of sth. 抱怨某事
4．wrap...up 把……包起来
5．be keen on 喜欢，渴望
6．have nothing to do with 与……无关
7．in honour of 为了纪念
8．participate in 参加
9．regardless of 不管，不顾
10．vote for 投票赞成
11．decorate...with... 用……装饰……
12．pay attention to 注意
13．at a loss 茫然不知所措
14．spare no effort to do sth.
不遗余力地做某事
15．to one's joy 使某人高兴的是
Ⅰ.单词
1．________ v. 向……表示敬意
2．________ n. 诗人
3．________ n. 收成
4．________ v. 投票，表决
5．________ adv. 不管，不顾
6．________ n. 幻想，想象
7．________ n. 文学
8．________ n. 请求，要求
9．________ adj. 花哨的，别致的
10．________ n. 场合，时刻
11．________ n. 力气，精力
12．________ n. 成年人，成人
13．________ n. (为达到某目标的)过程，进程
14．________ adj. 退休的
15．________ adj. 全球的，全世界的
16．________ n. 国籍；民族
17．________ n. 观众，听众
18．________ v. 互动
19．________ n. 现象
20．________ n．自由，自由权利→________ adj.自由的
21．________ v．参加，参与→________ n．参与者
22．________ n．不平等→________ n.平等→________ adj.平等的
23．________ adj.无限的→________ v．限制→________ adj.有限的
24．________ adj.频繁的，经常的→________ adv.经常
25．________ v．抱怨，发牢骚→________ n．抱怨
26．________ n．警告，警示，告诫→________ v．警告
27．________ adj.挨饿的，即将饿死的→________ v．饥饿
28．________ v．表明，显示→________ n．指示，说明
29．________ v．吸引，引起……的兴趣→________ adj.吸引人的→________ n．吸引人的事物
30．________ v．装饰，布置，美化→________ n．装饰物
31．________ n．比赛，竞赛→________ v．竞争→________ n．竞争者
32．________ adj.正式的→________ adj.非正式的
33．________ v．存在，实际上有→________ n．存在
Ⅱ.短语
1．________________ 把……视作
2．________________ 不管，无论
3．________________ 抱怨
4．________________ 写信给……，对……说
5．________________ 喜欢……
6．________________ 和……没有关系
7．________________ 纪念……
8．________________ 而不是；代替
9．________________ 包，裹
10．________________ 不少于；至少
11．________________ 依赖，信赖
12．________________ 而不是
Ⅲ.句式结构
1．That is why...那是为什么……
有些人视圣诞节为每年的特别时光，这就是为什么《圣诞老人的来信》对于他们来说是再完美不过的书了。
________________ Letters from Father Christmas could be the perfect book for those who regard Christmas as a special time of year.
2．keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语
为人父母，他们也想尽可能长久地为孩子保留那份魔力。
As parents, they try to ________________ for their children for as long as they can.
3．must have done对过去的肯定推测
这些信件有美丽的插图，每一幅插图肯定花费了它的作者托尔金很长时间去完成。
The letters were also beautifully illustrated—each ________________ its true author, Tolkien, a long time to complete.
4．否定转移
我认为那不是露西。
________________ that's Lucy.
5．not only...but also...不但……而且……
不仅仅因为我们可以吃到平时难以吃到的美食，而且因为全家人能有机会团聚在一起。
It was ________ for the delicious food that we seldom got to eat, ________ for the opportunity to have our whole family gathered together.
Unit 2 单元基础知识汇总
单元评价·自查自纠
Ⅰ.单词
1．honour 2.poet 3.harvest 4.vote 5.regardless 6.fantasy
7．literature 8.request 9.fancy 10.occasion 11.effort 12.adult 13.process 14.retired 15.global 16.nationality
17．audience 18.interact 19.phenomenon 20.freedom; free 21.participate; participant 22.inequality; equality; equal 23.limitless; limit; limited 24.regular; regularly plain; complaint 26.warning; warn 27.starving; starve 28.indicate; indication 29.attract; attractive; attraction 30.decorate; decoration 31.competition; compete; competitor 32.formal; informal 33.exist; existence
Ⅱ.短语
1．regard...as... 2.regardless of 3.complain about
4．address...to... 5.be keen on 6.have nothing to do with
7．in memory of 8.instead of 9.wrap up 10.no less than 11.depend on 12.rather than
Ⅲ.句式结构
1．That is why 2.keep that magic alive 3.must have taken 4.I don't think 5.not only; butSection Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
词汇预习·夯实基础
Ⅰ.词义匹配
( )1.polar A．adv.不管，不顾
( )2.handwritten B．n.收成
( )3.poet C．n.(长篇)小说
( )4.vote D．adj.手写的
( )5.regardless E．n.文学
( )6.fantasy F．v.投票，表决
( )7.novel G．n.幻想，想象
( )8.envelope H．adj.极地的
( )9.literature I．n.信封
( )10.harvest J．n.诗人
Ⅱ.拓展词汇知变形
1．________ v. 向……表示敬意→honourable adj. 可敬的
2．________ n. 装饰物→decorate v. 装饰，布置
3．________ n. 自由，自由权利→free adj. 自由的
4．________ v. 参加，参与→participation n. 参加→participant n. 参与者，参加者
5．________ n. (社会上的)不平等→equal adj. 平等的→equally adv. 平等地→equality n. 平等，相等
6．________ adj. 无限的→limit n. 边界，限度 v. 限制，限定→limited adj. 有限的
7．________ adj. 频繁的，经常的→regularly adv. 定期地，经常
8．________ v. 抱怨，不满，发牢骚→complaint n. 抱怨
9．________ n. 警告，警示，告诫→warn v. 警告
10．________ adj. 挨饿的，即将饿死的→starve v. 挨饿，饿死；渴望→starvation n. 挨饿；饿死
Ⅲ.补全短语
1．take ________ 发生；举行
2．________ memory of 为了纪念……
3．regardless ________ 不管；不顾；不理会
4．be known ________ 作为……而出名
5．be made ________ 被制成……
6．be based ________ 以……为基础
7．regard...________．.. 把……视作……
8．instead ________ 代替；而不是
9．wrap ________ (用纸、布等)包，裹某物
10．as well ________ 也，还；和……一样好
11．be addressed ________ sb. 写信给某人
预习验收·对接课堂
Ⅰ.单词默写
1．________ v. 向……表示敬意
2．________ n. 装饰物
3．________ v. 认为，看作
4．________ adj. 频繁的，经常的
5．________ n. 收成
6．________ n. 信封
7．________ n. 自由，自由权利
8．________ n. (社会上的)不平等
9．________ v. 抱怨，不满，发牢骚
10．________ n. 文学
Ⅱ.短语填空
in memory of, regardless of, complain about, instead of, as well as
1．Some of his neighbours ____________ the loud noise he made at night.
2．He serves the public heart and soul, ____________ his personal gain or loss.
3．We call on people to use cloth bags and baskets ____________ plastic bags when shopping.
4．Compared to the traditional methods, the technique is safe ____________ economical.
(挑战创新题)用not only...but also...改写本句
→________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．Dragon Boat Festival celebrations are held ____________ Qu Yuan, a poet and statesman in Ancient China.
(挑战创新题)把本句改为含有定语从句的复合句
→________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．那就是为什么《圣诞老人的来信》这本书对于那些把圣诞节视为一年中特殊时刻的人来说是一本完美的书。
________________ Letters from Father Christmas could be the perfect book for those who regard Christmas as a special time of year.
2．孩子们打开信时一定很兴奋。
The children ________________ very excited as they opened it.
3．不过，这些信的内容随着孩子们长大的确发生了变化……
The letters ________， however, ________ as Tolkien's children got older...
(挑战创新题)把本句改为简单句
→________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
阅读研析·合作学习
Ⅰ.课文解构
Ⅱ.长难句分析
1．That is why Letters from Father Christmas could be the perfect book for those who regard Christmas as a special time of year.
[句式分析]
That is why Letters from Father Christmas could be the perfect book for those who regard Christmas as a special time of year．
[尝试翻译]
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．The man who wrote these letters is one of the most famous names in English literature—J.R.R. Tolkien, author of The Lord of the Rings.
[句式分析]
The man who wrote these letters is one of the most famous names in English literature—J.R.R. Tolkien, author of The Lord of the Rings．
[尝试翻译]
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Ⅲ.表格填空(框架建构：整体理解)
Para.1 Many people still remember the 1.________ of Father Christmas and parents try to keep it 2.________ for their children.
Para.2 The book, Letters from Father Christmas written by J.R.R. Tolkien could be the 3.________ book for those who 4.________ Christmas as a special time of year. The letters were Tolkien's 5.________ of keeping Father Christmas alive for his four children for more than twenty years.
Para.3 Every Christmas, an 6.________ with a North Pole stamp was addressed 7.________ Tolkien's children. They were very 8.________ as they opened it.
Para.4 The letters told wonderful stories about Father Christmas's life and 9.________ at the North Pole.
Para.5 Letters from Father Christmas also tells us that we can all share the true 10.________ of giving at Christmas time.
Ⅳ.根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．Who may be most interested in the book Letters from Father Christmas
A．People who like reading novels.
B．People who like playing games.
C．People who like reading books about festivals.
D．People who consider Christmas as a special time.
2．Which of the following statements about J．R.R. Tolkien is NOT true according to Paragraph 2
A．J.R.R.Tolkien has four children.
B．J.R.R.Tolkien is very famous in French literature.
C．J.R.R.Tolkien is the author of The Lord of the Rings.
D．J.R.R.Tolkien wrote letters to his children for over twenty years.
3．What topic might be talked about in the letters
①Father Christmas's life at the North Pole.
②J.R.R.Tolkien's daily life at the North Pole.
③Father Christmas's warnings to the children.
④Father Christmas's complaints about his helpers.
A. ①② B．①③
C．①④ D．③④
4．What is the true spirit of Christmas according to the book Letters from Father Christmas
A．Giving.
B．Being Happy.
C．Being with family members.
D．Expressing love for family members.
5．What kind of father do you think J．R.R.Tolkien is
A．Humorous. B．Strict.
C．Serious. D．Caring.
Ⅴ.根据方框内提供的信息补全所给句子(其中有一项是多余的)
A．as they opened it
B．from when they were children
C．as Tolkien's children got older
D．over a period of more than twenty years
E．who regard Christmas as a special time of year
F．Father Christmas's life and adventures at the North Pole
1．Many people still remember the magic of Father Christmas ________.
2．That is why Letters from Father Christmas could be the perfect book for those ________．
3．The children must have been very excited ________.
4．The letters told wonderful stories about ________.
5．The letters did, however, change ________.
原文研读·立体透析
[词汇积累]
①magic n．魔力，魔法，魅力
②regard/rI'ɡɑ d/v.认为，看作
regard...as...
把……视作……
③literature/'lIt( )r t /n.文学
④author n．作者
⑤envelope/'env l p/n.信封
⑥pole/p l/n.(行星的)地极，(尤指地球的)北极或南极
North Pole北极
⑦be addressed to sb.写信给某人
⑧handwritten
/ h nd'rItn/adj.手写的
⑨illustrate v．加插图于，给(书等)做图表
⑩adventure n．冒险经历，奇遇
regular/'reɡj l /
adj.频繁的，经常的
character n．(书籍、戏剧或电影中的)人物，角色
polar/'p l /adj.极地的
Polar Bear北极熊
roof/ru f/n.(建筑物、汽车、帐篷等的)顶，顶部
complain/k m'pleIn/v.抱怨，不满，发牢骚
instead of代替；而不是
wrap sth. up把某物包裹起来
warning/'w nI /n.警告，警示，告诫
a number of许多
starving/'stɑ vI /adj.
挨饿的，即将饿死的
[21]as well as
也，还；和……一样好
[22]spirit n．精神
[23]indeed adv.的确，真正地(用于强调肯定的陈述)
[教材原文]
THE REAL FATHER CHRISTMAS
Many people still remember the magic① of Father Christmas from when they were children. As parents, they try to keep that magic alive for their children for as long as they can.
That__is__why__Letters__from__Father__Christmas__could__be__the__perfect__book__for__those__who__regard②__Christmas__as__a__special__time__of__year__ 【1】. The__man__who__wrote__these__letters__is__one__of__the__most__famous__names__in__English__literature③—J.R.R.Tolkien,__author④__of__The__Lord__of__the__Rings__ 【2】. The letters were Tolkien's way of keeping Father Christmas alive for his four children, over a period of more than twenty years.
【1】why引导表语从句；who引导定语从句，修饰those。
【2】who引导定语从句，修饰The man; author of The Lord of the Rings作J.R.R. Tolkien的同位语。
Every Christmas, an envelope⑤ with a North Pole⑥ stamp arrived. It was addressed to⑦ Tolkien's children. Who could it be from The__children__must__have__been__very__excited__as__they__opened__it__ 【3】. Inside, they would find a handwritten⑧ letter from Father Christmas. The letters were also beautifully illustrated⑨—each must have taken its true author, Tolkien, a long time to complete.
【3】本句中must have been为“情态动词＋完成式”结构，表示对过去动作的推测。
The letters told wonderful stories about Father Christmas's life and adventuresB10 at the North Pole. A__regular __character __in__the__letters__was__Polar__Bear ，__who__once__climbed__the__North__Pole__(an__actual__pole__in__this__case)__and__fell__through__the__roof __of__Father__Christmas's__house__ 【4】. In another letter, Father Christmas complained about how he could not stop his helpers playing games with the toys instead of wrapping them up . Interestingly,__the__letters__did__not__contain__the__usual__warnings __to__children__that__they__might__not__receive__their__presents__if__they__were__not__good__ 【5】．The__letters__did,__however,__change__as__Tolkien's__children__got__older__ 【6】：
【4】who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰Polar Bear。
【5】that引导同位语从句，作名词the usual warnings的同位语；if引导条件状语从句。
【6】本句中did强调谓语动词change。
...but__if__you__find__that__not__many__of__the__things__you__asked__for__have__come,__and__not__perhaps__quite__as__many__as__sometimes,__remember__that__this__Christmas__all__over__the__world__there__are__a__terrible__number__of __poor__and__starving __people__ 【7】.
【7】if引导条件状语从句，从句中含有that引导的宾语从句，作find的宾语；you asked for为定语从句，修饰things；第二个that引导宾语从句，作remember的宾语。
Letters from Father Christmas tells us that__as__well__asB21__enjoying__the__adventures__of__Father__Christmas,__Polar__Bear__and__other__characters__at__the__North__Pole 【8】， we can all share the true spiritB22 of giving at Christmas time. By expressing love for his children in such a special way, Tolkien may indeedB23 have been the real Father Christmas.
【8】that引导宾语从句，作tells的宾语。
[课文译文]
真正的圣诞老人
许多人仍然记得小时候圣诞老人的魔力。作为父母，他们尽可能长地为他们的孩子把这种魔力保持下去。
那就是为什么《圣诞老人的来信》这本书对于那些把圣诞节视为一年中特殊时刻的人来说是一本完美的书。写这些信的人是英国文学史上最著名的人物之一，J.R.R.托尔金——《魔戒》的作者。在二十多年的时间里，托尔金以写信这种方式让他的四个孩子相信圣诞老人真的存在。
每年圣诞节，托尔金的家里都会收到一封贴有北极邮票的信。这封信是写给托尔金的孩子们的。它可能是谁写的？孩子们打开信时一定很兴奋。在里面，他们会发现一封圣诞老人的亲笔信。信里也配有精美的插图——每封信都一定花了它真正的作者托尔金很长时间才完成。
信中讲述了有关圣诞老人在北极的生活和冒险经历的精彩故事。信中经常出现的一个角色是北极熊，它曾经爬上北极(在信中，北极是一根真的杆子)，并且摔下来砸穿了圣诞老人家的屋顶。在另一封信中，圣诞老人抱怨说他的助手们非但没有把玩具包装起来，反而拿着玩具玩起了游戏，他怎么也没法让他们停下来。有趣的是，信里并没有那些常见的对孩子们的警告，如果(表现)不好的话，他们可能收不到礼物。不过，这些信的内容随着孩子们的长大的确发生了变化：
……但是如果你发现有时许多你要的东西并没有到来，或者或许没有和你想要的一样多，要记住在全世界的这个圣诞节，有很多贫穷而挨饿的人。
《圣诞老人的来信》告诉我们，除了欣赏圣诞老人、北极熊和其他人物在北极的冒险活动外，我们还可以在圣诞节分享给予的真谛。通过这样一种特殊的方式表达对孩子们的爱，托尔金可以算得上是真正的圣诞老人。
1.honour v．向……表示敬意 n．尊敬，尊重
I felt honoured to be included in the team.能加入这支队伍，我感到很荣幸。
A special dinner will be held in her honour.将举办一次特别宴会向她致敬。
It was a great honour to be invited here today.
今天承蒙邀请到此，深感荣幸。
[归纳探究]
be/feel honoured to do sth. 做某事感到荣幸
in honour of＝in one's honour 为向……表示敬意；为纪念……
have the honour of doing sth. 有幸做某事
It's an honour to do sth. 很荣幸做某事
[联想拓展] honor指“光荣，荣耀”等抽象概念时，是不可数名词。指“一个带来光荣或荣耀的人或一件光荣的事”等具体概念时，是可数名词，常用a/an修饰。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I feel greatly ________ (honour) to be invited to the wedding ceremony.
＝________ is a great honour for me to be invited to the wedding ceremony.
②I do think ________ is a great honour to take part in the activity.
③They named the school after the hero ________ honour of him.
2.participate v．参加；参与
Everyone in the class is expected to participate in these discussions.
希望全班同学都参加这些讨论。
Would participants in the next race come forward
下个项目的参赛者请到前面来好吗？
We want more participation in the decision making.
我们想更多地参与决策。
[归纳探究]
participant 参加者
participation n. 参加；参与
participate in 参加；参与
participate with sb. in 与某人分担
participate in voluntary work 参加志愿工作
[易错辨析] participate in discussions/classroom activities 参与讨论/参加课堂活动
take part in a competition/a sports meeting 参加一场比赛/运动会
join the army/party/club 参军/入党/加入俱乐部
join in the conversation 参与交谈
join sb.in doing sth.＝join sb.to do sth.和某人一起做某事
attend a meeting/wedding/lecture参加会议/参加婚礼/听讲座
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/选词填空
①Everyone in the class is expected to participate actively ________ these discussions.
②Forty of the course ________ (participate) are offered employment with the company.
③Women were not allowed to ________________________ the Olympics in ancient times.
④It is the most instructive lecture that I ____________ since I came to this school.
3.vote v．投票，表决 n．(选)票；投票，表决；投票权，选举权
Did you vote for or against the motion
对这项决议你投了赞成票还是反对票？
Since we can't reach any agreement, now we vote on the problem.
既然我们不能达成共识，现在我们就这个问题进行表决。
We'll listen to the arguments on both sides and then vote on it.
我们将先听取双方的论点，然后再表决。
There are 20 votes for and 12 against the motion.
这项提议有20票赞成，12票反对。
Shall we take a vote on this issue？我们要不要对这个问题进行表决？
[归纳探究]
(1)vote for＝vote in favour of 投票赞成
vote against 投票反对
vote on... 就……表决
vote on the problem 投票表决这个问题
vote to do sth. 投票决定做某事
(2)take/have a vote on sth. 就某事进行表决
have the vote 有选举权
cast a vote 投票
[一言助记] Five members voted for the proposal, twelve voted against it, and three abstained at yesterday's meeting.
在昨天的会议上，对于这项建议，五人投票赞成，十二人反对，三人弃权。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①To our delight, over 90% of the members voted ________ the plan which would be beneficial to air quality.
②Let's have a vote ________ where to go for our holidays.
③Our family voted ________ (turn) to the lawyer for help.
4.regard v．认为，看作
Physics has hurt me a thousand times, but I still regard it as my first love.物理伤我千百遍，我待物理如初恋。
Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact travel to undisturbed places.生态旅游通常被认为是到未受干扰的地方的低影响旅行。
His work is highly regarded by other painters.
他的作品受到其他画家的高度评价。
I've always regarded the bright student highly.
我一向看重这个聪明的学生。
With regard to reading, there is a saying that “Reading makes a wise man.”关于阅读，有句名言说得好，“读书使人明智”。
Give my regards to your parents.代我向你的父母问好。
Regarding air pollution, we still have a long way to go.
关于空气污染，我们还有很长的路要走。
[归纳探究]
(1)regard...as... 把……视作……
be regarded as... 被看作……
be widely regarded as... 被广泛认为是……
regard sb. highly 高度评价某人；非常重视某人
(2)in this/that regard 在这方面
as regards＝in/with regard to＝regarding 关于；至于
[语块积累]
(1)“把……视作……”的多种表达：
regard...as...; view...as...; see...as...; consider...as...; look on...as...; think of...as...
(2)“代我向某人问好”有多种表达法：
give my regards to sb.
＝send my best wishes to sb.
＝give/send my respects to sb.
＝remember me to sb.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①________ (regard) as one of the most gifted poets, Li Bai wrote poetry that concentrated on imagery, human and nature.
②Even to this day, Lincoln is regarded ________ one of the most inspiring figures in the world.
③Give your brother my ________ (regard) when you see him.
④I have nothing further to say ________ this regard.
⑤In regard ________ my future career choices, I am determined to be a CEO.
5.complain v．抱怨，不满，发牢骚
I'm going to complain to the manager about this.
我就这件事要向经理投诉。
She often complains about not feeling appreciated at work.
她常常抱怨说在工作上得不到赏识。
I'd like to make a complaint about the noise.
我就噪音问题要提出投诉。
[归纳探究]
(1)complain (to sb.) about sth. (向某人)抱怨某事
complain (to sb.) that... (向某人)抱怨……
(2)make a complaint 提出投诉
have a complaint 有不满意见
[联想拓展] 在动词后加 t构成名词的词：
weigh v．重→weight n．重量
restrain v．制止；抑制→restraint n．抑制；克制；约束
[即学即练] 完成句子
①He is always ________________________ (向我抱怨……) the stressful life.
②I'd like to ____________________ (提出投诉) about the noise.
6.regular adj. 频繁的，经常的；定期的；规律的
Mrs Wilson is one of our regular customers.
Mrs Wilson是我们的老主顾之一。
We used to see each other regularly, but I haven't heard from him since last year.我们过去经常见到对方，但自从去年以来我还没收到过他的消息。
[归纳探究]
take regular exercise 定期/经常锻炼
on a regular basis 定期地
regularly adv. 经常；定期地
[联想拓展] regular的反义词irregular“不定期的”。
在形容词前加前缀ir 构成反义词的词还有：
irrelevant adj.不相关的 irresponsible adj.不负责任的
irreplaceable adj.不可替代的 irresistible adj.无法抵制的
irresolvable adj.不能分解的
[即学即练] 完成句子
①________________________________ (经常锻炼) is the best way to improve your overall health.
②We're going to be meeting there ________________________________ (定期).
7.regardless adv.不管，不顾
She says what she thinks, regardless of other people's feelings.
她想到什么就说什么，不考虑别人的感受。
Regardless of your choice of course, you'll develop your language ability both quickly and effectively.
无论你选择什么课程，你都会既快又有效地提升你的语言能力。
[归纳探究]
(1)regardless of 不管，不顾
regardless of the fact that...＝in spite of the fact that...
尽管……；不管……；不顾……
(2)in spite of＝despite 不顾；虽然；尽管
[误区警示]
regardless of, in spite of, despite均是(短语)介词，后接名词、代词或动名词，不能引导从句。
We arrived at the train station in spite of the storm.
虽然有暴风雨，我们仍准时到达了火车站。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①You will hurt others if you say what you think, regardless ________ other people's feelings.
②________ her terrible illness, she works hard and succeeds in the scientific research field.
③Dr. Bethune continued working regardless of ________ (cut) his hand during an operation.
8.as well as 除……之外；也，还
The teacher as well as the students likes this painting.
＝As well as the teacher, the students like the painting.
＝Not only the teacher but also the students like this painting.
不仅学生，老师也喜欢这幅画。
[归纳探究]
as well as意为“除……之外”，相当于in addition to，后常接名词或动名词，尤其是当其位于句首时。
as well as意为“和，也，不但……而且……”，连接并列成分。
[易混辨析] A as well as B强调A，作主语时，谓语动词的数与A保持一致。
not only A but also B强调B，作主语时，谓语动词的数与B保持一致。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The organization gives help and support to people in need, as well as ________ (raise) money for local charities.
②As well as ________ (know) some Russian, she speaks English very well.
③Dr Smith, as well as his wife and daughters, ________ (be) going to visit Beijing this summer.
④The famous musician, as well as his students, ________ (invite) to perform at the opening ceremony.
9.(教材P17)May Day is a festival to celebrate the start of summer, with celebrations held across Europe and in parts of North America.
五朔节是一个庆祝夏季开始的节日，在欧洲和北美部分地区都有庆祝活动。
[句式解构] With celebrations held across Europe and in parts of North America，为“with＋宾语＋宾补”的结构，在句中充当状语。可以在句中表示时间、原因、方式、条件或伴随等。具体形式主要有：
(1)with＋宾语＋现在分词(主动或正在进行)
(2)with＋宾语＋过去分词(被动或已经完成)
(3)with＋宾语＋动词不定式(尚未发生)
(4)with＋宾语＋形容词/副词/介词短语
With the audience screaming, Jack stepped onto the stage.
随着观众的尖叫声，Jack登上了舞台。
With everything well arranged, he left the office.
一切被安排妥当了，他离开了办公室。
It's not convenient for me to go cycling with so much work to do.
有这么多工作要做，我不方便去骑车锻炼。
[联想拓展] with复合结构在句中还可作定语。
Do you know the lady with a baby in her arms？你认识那个抱着婴儿的女士吗？
[即学即练] 完成句子
①________________________ (有那么多工作要做), I have no time for an adventure holiday.
②________________________ (有这么多人帮助你), you have no difficulty finishing the task on time.
③____________________________________________ (所有的工作都完成了), they hurried back home for lunch.
④He was exhausted and slept ______________________________________________ (穿着他的衣服).
10.(教材P18)That is why Letters from Father Christmas could be the perfect book for those who regard Christmas as a special time of year.那就是为什么《圣诞老人的来信》对于那些把圣诞节视为一年中的特殊时刻的人来说可能是一本完美的书。
[句式解构] That's why...“那就是为什么……”，后加事情的结果。
That's why I help brighten people's days.If you don't, who's to say that another person will
这就是为何我帮着点亮人们的生活。如果你不去做，谁又能说另一个人会去做呢？
[联想拓展] That/This/It is why＋结果 那/这就是为什么……(why引导表语从句)
That/This/It is because＋原因 那/这是因为……(because引导表语从句)
The reason (why...)is that... (……的)原因是……(why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/同义句转换
①From space, the earth looks blue. This is ____________ about seventy one percent of its surface is covered by water.
②He believed that the reason ____________ man is different from animals is ___________ man is good.
③The reason why he missed the bus was that he got up late.
→He missed the bus.That was____________ he got up late.
→He got up late.That was ____________ he missed the bus.
→He missed the bus.The reason was____________ he got up late.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The prize was to ________ (向……表示敬意) him for his great discoveries.
2．Li Bai is a very famous ________ (诗) in Tang Dynasty, who wrote many wonderful poems such as To Wang Lun.
3．I will devote my limited life to the ________ (无限的) job of serving the people.
4．Workers who don't work at a desk all day are less likely to ________ (抱怨) about their work environment.
5．Chinese children grow up with ________ (告诫) not to waste single grain of rice, out of respect for farmers' labor.
6．A Dream of Red Mansions occupies an important place in the history of Chinese ________ (文学).
7．During the Spring Festival, we can see many red ________ (装饰物) in every home.
8．This is an excellent ________ (幻想) novel from one of the best storytellers around.
9．He bought a lot of food for the ________ (挨饿的) people in this area.
Ⅱ.选词填空
take place, wrap... up, participate in, instead of, complain about, regardless of, base... on..., regard... as...
1．Don't always ________ your life. We should be thankful for what we have.
2．During the following days, I will show you around many places of interest in Beijing, including the Great Wall, which is ________ one of the symbols of China.
3．The law requires equal treatment for all, ________ race, age, religion and gender.
4．On my birthday, I received a lot of gifts from my friends, of which, one ________ in silver paper attracted me most.
5．Those who ________ the celebrations of this cultural festival were deeply attracted by the folk art works on show.
6．In my opinion, to read the original work is better than to see the film ________ it.
7．The New Year celebrations ________ around the world, which brought joy to overseas Chinese and foreigners.
8．Teenagers should learn to care for themselves ________ depending on their parents, which is very important for their future.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．暑假作业全部写完了，我感到十分轻松，可以做我想做的事情了。(“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构)
________________________________， I feel very relaxed and can do what I would like to do.
2．不要泄气，我相信，只要全力以赴你就能得到那份工作。(as long as)
Don't lose heart. I'm sure you'll get that job __________________________．
3．长江沿岸有许多著名的观光景点，这就是我认为沿长江旅行是一个更好的选择的原因。(表语从句)
There are many well known sightseeing spots along the Yangtze River. ________________________________ is a better choice.
4．除了品尝当地美食之外，你还可以参观一些名胜古迹。(as well as)
________________________， you can visit some famous places of interest.
5．风筝历史悠久，被认为是我们知道的最早的飞行器。(定语从句；aircraft)
With a long history, the kite is considered as ________________________．
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
课前预习·自主学习
词汇预习·夯实基础
Ⅰ.词义匹配
1．H 2.D 3.J 4.F 5.A 6.G 7.C 8.I 9.E 10.B
Ⅱ.拓展词汇知变形
1．honour 2.decoration 3.freedom 4.participate 5.inequality
6．limitless 7.regular 8.complain 9.warning 10.starving
Ⅲ.补全短语
1．place 2.in 3.of 4.as 5.into 6.on 7.as 8.of 9.up 10.as 11.to
预习验收·对接课堂
Ⅰ.单词默写
1．honour 2.decoration 3.regard 4.regular 5.harvest 6.envelope 7.freedom 8.inequality 9.complain 10.literature
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．complained about 2.regardless of 3.instead of 4.as well as; (挑战创新题)Compared to the traditional methods, the technique is not only economical but also safe. 5.in memory of; (挑战创新题)Dragon Boat Festival celebrations are held in memory of Qu Yuan, who was a poet and statesman in Ancient China.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．That is why 2.must have been
3．did; change; (挑战创新题)The letters did, however, change with Tolkien's children getting older...
阅读研析·合作学习
Ⅰ.课文解构
1．alive 2.twenty 3.excited 4.contents 5.giving
Ⅱ.长难句分析
1．那就是为什么《圣诞老人的来信》这本书对于那些把圣诞节视为一年中特殊时刻的人来说是一本完美的书。
2．写这些信的人是英国文学史上最著名的人物之一，J.R.R.托尔金——《魔戒》的作者。
Ⅲ.表格填空(框架建构：整体理解)
1．magic 2.alive 3.perfect 4.regard 5.way 6.envelope 7.to 8.excited 9.adventures 10.spirit
Ⅳ.根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．D 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.D
Ⅴ.根据方框内提供的信息补全所给句子(其中有一项是多余的)
1．B 2.E 3.A 4.F 5.C
要点精研·探究学习
1．①honoured; It ②it ③in
2．①in ②participants ③participate in/take part in
④have attended
3．①for ②on ③to turn
4．①Regarded ②as ③regards ④in ⑤to
5．①complaining to me about ②make a complaint
6．①Taking regular exercise ②on a regular basis
7．①of ②Despite ③cutting
8．①raising ②knowing ③is ④was invited
9．①With so much work to do ②With so many people helping you ③With all the work finished ④with his clothes on
10．①because ②why; that ③because; why; that
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．honor 2.poet 3.limitless 4.complain 5.warning
6．literature 7.decorations 8.fantasy 9.starving
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．complain about 2.regarded as 3.regardless of
4．wrapped up 5.participated in 6.based on 7.took place
8．instead of
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．With all my summer vacation homework finished
2．as long as you try your best
3．This is why I think the trip along the Yangtze River
4．As well as tasting delicious local foods
5．the earliest aircraft that we have ever knownSection Ⅳ Writing——用书信表达观点
Step Ⅰ 文本研读
Ⅰ.框架建构：整体理解
1．Read through the editorial you will find that increasing ____________________ is found all over the world.
2．You are asked to write a letter to ________________________________ about the phenomenon according to the editorial.
Ⅱ.文本剖析：特色表达
Beginning(引出话题) These days, a growing number of people overseas are celebrating Chinese Spring Festival. 1.______________________________(这里有几个原因).
Body(分析原因) To start with, the spread of Chinese Spring Festival 2.________________________(部分是由于) the increasing overseas population. What's more, ...Last but not least, ...
Ending(个人感受) I think 3.________________________________________(这不仅对外国人是一个好机会) to know about China, 4.________ (而且) a sign of Chinese influence on the world.
Ⅲ.识记下列单词和短语
1．interact v．互动；交流，交往→interaction n．交流，互动
interact with与……相互交流
interaction between...and...
……和……之间的相互作用
2．joy n．欢欣，愉快，喜悦
to one's joy 令某人高兴的是
with/for joy开心地，高兴地
3．audience n．听众，观众
a large/small audience许多/很少观众
4．sell out售完，卖光
Step Ⅱ Writing a letter to express ideas
[文体介绍]
表达看法的文章属于议论文，通常用一般现在时，常用第一、三人称。
[篇章结构]
(1)开头：提出论点；
(2)使用论据来论证论点；
(3)结尾：得出结论或提出解决问题的措施或建议。
[常用表达]
(1)引出讨论话题
①Recently...had a heated discussion about whether...or not.最近，……就……是否……进行了激烈的讨论。
②There have been many reports of...
有很多关于……的报道。
③People hold different opinions about...
人们对……持不同看法。
(2)对比双方观点及陈述理由
①表达支持的：
Some people think it...; Some are in favour of...; Some support...; The majority of them think...; Many of them are for...; There are many advantages of...; ...play an important part/role in...; ...be of vital significance...; ...benefit a lot from...
②表达反对的：
But I disagree...; Others are against...; Some hold the different view that...; There are also some disadvantages of...
③承接词汇：
firstly; secondly; besides; in addition; what's more; furthermore; even worse; in a word; in short
④转折词汇：
however; on the other hand; while; on the contrary; whereas
(3)表达看法及理由
①In my opinion, .../In my view，...
我认为/在我看来……
②Personally, I think...我个人认为……
③Taking everything into consideration, we should make good use of...
综合考虑，我们应该充分利用……
④Only in this way can we do...
只有这样我们才能……
[实践应用]
现在越来越多的人喜欢过“洋节日”。对于中国人过“洋节日”的做法，有的人赞同，有的人反对。请你向报社投稿表达自己的看法。
注意：
1．词数80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第一步 布局谋篇
第二步 遣词造句
完成句子
1．他们认为今天是一个全球化的世界。
They think today is ________________________．
2．世界各地的人们交换他们的产品和信息。
People around the world ________________________________．
3．他们也分享彼此的文化和习俗。
They also ________________________ with each other.
4．对中国人来说，庆祝外国节日是愚蠢的行为。
____________________________ is foolish for Chinese people.
5．这会影响我们对自己传统节日的感情。
This ____________________________ on our traditional ones.
6．了解更多的外国文化对我们大有好处。
Knowing more foreign cultures __________________________．
7．它可以促进国家之间更好的合作。
It can __________________________ between countries.
?句式升级
8．将句2和句3用not only...but also...改写。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
9．将句4改写为形式主语句式，并与句5合并成含有非限制性定语从句的句子。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
10．将句6与句7改写为含有非谓语动词作状语的句子。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
第三步 完美成篇
用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇英语短文。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Section Ⅳ Writing——用书信表达观点
写作精析·技能提升
Step Ⅰ 文本研读
Ⅰ.框架建构：整体理解
1．overseas Chinese culture
2．express your ideas
Ⅱ.文本剖析：特色表达
1．There are several reasons about it
2．is partly due to
3．it's not only a good opportunity for foreigners
4．but
Step Ⅱ Writing a letter to express ideas
第二步
1．a world of globalization
2．exchange their products and information
3．share cultures and customs
4．To celebrate foreign festivals
5．will affect our feelings
6．benefits us greatly
7．contribute to better cooperations
8．People around the world not only exchange their products and information but also share cultures and customs with each other.
9．It's foolish for Chinese people to celebrate foreign festivals, which will affect our feelings on our traditional ones.
10．Knowing more foreign cultures benefits us greatly, contributing to better cooperations between countries.
第三步
Nowadays, an increasing number of Chinese love to celebrate foreign holidays. They think today is a world of globalization. People around the world not only exchange their products and information, but they also share cultures and customs with each other. But some people oppose. It's foolish for Chinese people to celebrate foreign festivals, which will affect our feelings on our traditional ones.
Personally, whether we celebrate foreign festivals or not doesn't count. Knowing more foreign cultures benefits us greatly, contributing to better cooperations between countries.Section Ⅱ Using language
1.indicate v．表明，显示
The arrow indicates the way to the park.那个箭头指示到公园的路。
Snow indicates the coming of winter.雪象征着冬天的到来。
In his letter he indicated to us (that) he was willing to cooperate.
他在信中向我们透露他愿意合作。
There is every indication of a change in the weather.
各种迹象表明天气将发生变化。
As is indicated in the picture, a boy is sitting at the table, absorbed in reading.如图所示，一个男孩正坐在桌子旁，全神贯注地看书。
[归纳探究]
indicate sth. to sb. 向某人示意/暗示某物
indication n. 表明；标示；显示；象征；迹象
as is indicated... 正如……所示
[联想拓展] (1)与indicate意思相近的词：
suggest v．暗示，显示，表明 show v．展示，表明
reveal v．显示；透露；揭露 point v．暗示；指向
(2)与indication意思相近的词：
symbol n．象征；符号；标志 sign n．迹象；符号
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Research ____________ (indicate) that eating habits are changing fast.
②The black clouds are gathering, which ____________ (indicate) that it will rain soon.
③There is a great deal of evidence ____________ (indicate) that music activities engage different parts of the brain.
2.request n. & v．请求，要求
They made a request for more time.他们要求更多时间。
He got there at the request of his manager.他应经理的要求到了那里。
You are requested not to smoke in the library.请你不要在图书馆里吸烟。
She requested that no one (should) be told of her decision.
她要求不要向任何人透露她的决定。
[归纳探究]
make a request for... 请求，要求……
at sb.'s request＝at the request of sb. 应某人的要求
request sb. (not) to do sth. 请求某人(不)做某事
request sth. from sb. 向某人请求某物
request (that)... (should) do 请求……
It is/was requested that... 据要求……
[联想拓展] 后接名词性从句， 从句谓语用“(should＋)动词原形”的动词：
一个“坚持”：insist
两道“命令”：order, command
四条“建议”：suggest, propose, advise, recommend
四点“要求”：demand, desire, request, require
[即学即练] 完成句子
①The study was carried out __________________________________ (应……的要求) the chairman.
②We requested that the next meeting ______________________________ (星期五举行).
③They insisted that everyone ______________________________________ (都来参加聚会).
3.attract v．吸引，引起……的兴趣
The report has attracted a lot of interest.
这则报道引起了人们很大的兴趣。
I had always been attracted by the idea of working abroad.
我总是被去国外工作的想法所吸引。
Buckingham Palace is a major tourist attraction.
白金汉宫是重要的旅游胜地。
[归纳探究]
attract sb. to... 把某人吸引到……
be attracted to... 被吸引到……；喜爱……
attract one's attention 吸引某人的注意力
be attracted by... 被……吸引
attraction n. 吸引(力)；具有吸引力的人(或事物)
a tourist attraction 旅游胜地
[一言助记]
Shangri La, full of attractions, is so attractive that it attracts visitors from all over the world.香格里拉，一个景点丰富的地方，是如此迷人以至于吸引了全世界的游客来到这里。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Even the youngest children in the class ____________ (attract) by the story.
②What attracted me most ____________ the job was the chance to travel.
③The natural beauty isn't ____________ (attract) to them.
④The Great Wall is one of the greatest ____________ (attract) all over the world.
⑤In Underwater World, nothing __________________________ (吸引我的注意力) more than the penguins.
4.decorate vt.装饰，布置，美化，粉刷
Do you fancy helping me decorate the kitchen
你想帮助我装饰厨房吗？
When to decorate the sitting room hasn't been decided.
什么时候粉刷客厅还不确定。
The decorations attracted the attention of people.
这些装饰品吸引了人们的注意。
[归纳探究]
decorate...with... 用……装饰……
be decorated with... 装饰着……
be decorated with banners and flowers 装饰着横幅和鲜花
be decorated in the traditional style 按照传统风格装饰
[联想拓展] decoration n．装饰图案，装潢
[即学即练] 完成句子/单句语法填空
①我们在结婚前(请人)把房子装饰好了。
We had our house ________ (decorate) before we got married.
②汤姆用一些龙的图案装饰了他的房间。
Tom has decorated his room ________ some dragon patterns.
③At my birthday party, I received a pencil box ____________ (decorate) with some cartoon pictures on the top.
④With its simple ____________ (decorate), the main bedroom is a peaceful place.
5.competition n．比赛，竞赛；竞争
He failed in the competition, which made him upset.
他在竞赛中失败了，这使他感到很难过。
Everyone in modern society faces keen competition.
现代社会的每个人都面临着激烈的竞争。
He was awarded first prize in the speech competition, which made his parents very proud.
他在演讲比赛中获得一等奖，这使他的父母非常自豪。
Young children usually compete for their mother's attention.
小孩子通常都会在母亲面前争宠。
Life is like a long race where we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.生活就像一次长跑，我们与他人竞争，进而超越自我。
I will compete against Mary for first prize in the competition.
在比赛中，我将与玛丽一决高下，争夺冠军。
Nobody can entirely keep away from this competitive world.
没有人能完全远离这个竞争激烈的世界。
[归纳探究]
(1)enter/win/lose a competition 参加/赢得/输掉比赛
in competition with... 与……竞争
hold a competition 举行竞赛
fair competition 公平竞争
fierce competition 激烈的竞争
(2)compete for... 为……而竞争
compete with/against sb. for sth. 为某物与某人竞争
compete in... 参加……比赛/竞赛
compete in the Olympic Games 参加奥运会
compete to do sth. 竞相做某事
[单词积累]
compete v．竞争，参加比赛
competitor n．比赛者
competitive adj.竞争的，比赛的
[一言助记]
In the Olympic Games, they competed in the 800 metre race with Australian competitors for the gold medal.
在本次奥运会上，他们与澳大利亚选手竞争800米赛跑的金牌。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We're going to have a ________ (compete) to see who can swim the farthest.
②There is now fierce ________ (compete) between schools to attract students.
③How many runners will be competing ________ the marathon
④We can't compete ________ them on price.
6.fancy adj.花哨的，别致的 vt.想象；认为；想要；想做 n．想象的事物；想象(力)；想要；爱好
Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels.
成都有许多新的百万富翁、亚洲最大的建筑和豪华的新酒店。
She fancied herself (as) a serious actress.她自以为是个严肃的演员。
Do you fancy going out this evening？今晚你想出去吗？
[归纳探究]
fancy dress 化装服
a fancy hairstyle 时尚的发型
a fancy hotel 一家豪华酒店
fancy sb./oneself as... 把某人/自己想象为……
fancy doing sth. 想做某事
take a fancy to 喜欢；爱上
have a fancy for 喜欢；想要
[联想拓展] Fancy meeting you here！真没想到能在这里见到你！
“Fancy meeting...”是口语中的常用句式。说这句话的时候通常是不期而遇，表示“真没想到”
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I don't fancy ________ (make) a journey to America at present because I'm busy preparing for an important conference.
②Fancy yourself ________ a literature lover, you'll soon like it.
熟记下列短语
①replace A with B 用B代替A
②change...into... 把……变成……
③at a fancy dress party 在化装舞会上
④put up 张贴，建造
⑤be dressed as 打扮成
⑥check out 退房；核实
⑦wave at/to sb. 向某人挥手
⑧the Lantern Festival 元宵节
⑨hold a lantern riddles competition 举行猜灯谜比赛
⑩send written invitations 发出书面邀请
by the way 顺便说一下
pay special attention to 特别注意
情态动词(2)
一、语法现象感知
①That is why Letters from Father Christmas could be the perfect book...
②The children must have been very excited as they opened it.
③...they might not receive their presents if they were not good.
二、语法规则理解
以上三个句子都使用了情态动词。
1．句①中的could表示过去的能力，意为“________”；
2．句②中的must表示十分肯定的推测，意为“____________”；
3．句③中的might表示推测(把握不大)，意为“____________”。
微点拨 （1）情态动词表肯定推测时，各情态动词语气由强到弱的顺序：must（一定）→will（很有可能）→would（很有可能）→ought to（应该）→should（应该）→can（可能）→could（可能）→may（可能）→might（可能）。
（2）情态动词表否定推测时can't/couldn't语气最强，意思是“不可能”；may/might not语气最弱，意思是“可能不”。
情态动词(2)
1．情态动词can与could的用法
(1)表示能力：can用来表示现在的能力，could(can的过去式)表示过去的能力。
I can play basketball now, but I couldn't when I was young.
现在我会打篮球了，但小时候我不会。
(2)表示请求和许可：could语气比can委婉，但回答时只能用can。
Can/Could you lend me a hand？你能帮我一下吗？
(3)表示推测，意为“可能”。多用于否定句或疑问句。
—Can he be in the reading room now
—No, he can't be in it. Because I saw him in the office just now.
——他现在可能在阅览室吗？
——不，他不可能在(阅览室)。因为我刚刚在办公室看见他了。
(4)表示理论上或习惯上的可能性，意为“可能会”。
Smoking can be harmful to the health.
吸烟有害健康。
微点拨 can， be able to表示“能力”时的区别：
（1）can用于指现在，常表示自身具有的能力；
Babies can swim when they were born.,婴儿们刚生下来时会游泳。（自身具有的能力）
(2)be able to用于各种时态，表示经过努力后所具有的能力。
With his hard work, he was able to get good grades.
由于他的努力工作，他最终能够取得好成绩。(经过努力)
2．情态动词may与might的用法
(1)表示征求对方的许可或允许(不用might)对方做某事。
—May I come in
—Yes, you may/can.(No, you can't.)
——我可以进来吗？
——是的，你可以进来。(不行，你不能进来)。
You may go now.你现在可以走了。
(2)表示推测(把握不大)，意为“可能”。might比may可能性更小。
He may come, or he may not.
他可能来，也可能不来。
It may/might rain this afternoon. You'd better take a raincoat with you.
今天下午可能会下雨。你最好带上雨衣。
(3)may用于祈使句，表示祝愿。
May you succeed！祝你成功！
(4)“may/might as well＋动词原形”表示“不妨，还不如”。
I may/might as well start at once.
我还不如马上就动身。
3．情态动词must的用法
(1)must表示命令或强烈的建议，意为“必须”。
All the students must obey the school rules.
所有学生必须遵守校规。
(2)表示十分肯定的推测，意为“一定；准是”。
Betty must be in the next room. I can hear her talking there.
贝蒂肯定在隔壁房间。我能听见她在那里讲话。
(3)表示说话人的一种态度，意为“偏要；硬要；偏偏”。
Why must he go out in the bad weather
为什么他偏要在这种坏天气出门？
(4)must not表示禁止，意思是“不许，不准，不可以”等。
You mustn't stop your car in the busy street.
你不可以把车停在繁忙的路上。
(5)回答must问句时，肯定回答多用must；否定回答多用needn't或don't have to。
—Must I finish my homework before eight o'clock
—Yes, you must.(No, you needn't.或you don't have to.)
——我必须要在8点之前完成作业吗？
——是的，必须。(不，没必要。)
[即时检测1] 单词拼写
①Please identify what the words ________ (表明): an order, a request, ability or possibility.
②Every year, the lantern fair ________ (吸引) a lot of people.
③The host ________ (挥舞) a lantern to us and then lit the fireworks.
④Five candidate cities including Beijing participated in the competition to ________ (主办) the 29th Olympic Games.
⑤Public gathering places were ________ (装饰) with flowers, gifts and lanterns to celebrate the great occasion.
⑥The poet made an official ________ (请求) for freedom of speech.
⑦The word “________ (甜点)” differs from “desert” in pronunciation and spelling as well as in meaning. Never confuse them.
⑧Her dress was too fancy for such a ________ (正式的) occasion.
⑨To celebrate the Lantern Festival, we'll hold a lantern riddles ________ (比赛).
⑩It is bad manners to keep your cellphone ringing on formal ________ (场合).
[即时检测2] 请选出下列情态动词在句子中的含义
请选出下列句子中can/could的含义
A．能够(表能力)
B．可能(表推测，常用于否定句)
C．可以(表许可)
D．有时会，可能会(表可能性)
①He can't be in the dormitory. Because I saw him in the library just now.( )
②I can speak English fluently while he can't.( )
③Scotland can be very warm in September.( )
④Could you please clean this room？( )
请选出下列句子中may的含义
⑤May you be happy！( )
⑥I think he may come today.( )
⑦You may keep the book for 2 weeks.( )
请选出下列句子中must的含义
A．必须(表命令或强烈的建议)
B．一定；准是(表十分肯定的推测)
C．偏要；硬要；偏偏(表说话人的一种态度)
D．常用于否定句中，表禁止
⑧You mustn't fire without my signal.( )
⑨Why must he play the piano at noon？( )
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．No Christmas ________(decorate) is complete without a wreath hung on the entrance.
2．Light is coming in from the bakery, as ________ (indicate) by the yellow arrows.
3．On occasion, formal English and ________(formal) English must be carefully distinguished.
4．Fireworks added to the ________ (attract) of the festival night.
5．You can request ________ he should recommend you to another specialist.
6．Mother's Day is an occasion ________ mothers discover how well their children can prepare breakfast.
7．The children ________ (occasion) play tricks on their father.
8．To avoid ________ (attract) unwelcome attention, she changed her fancy clothes.
9．The children must ________ (be) very excited as they opened the envelope.
10．Look at those two guys ________ (dress) as chickens! Oh, they're waving at us.
11．It is convenient to go to the hospital ________ (attach) to this famous university.
12．________ (walk) into the kitchen, you will find the stinky tofu.
Ⅱ.短语填空
attract the attention, decorate...with..., on occasion, by request, in competition with, pay attention to, such as, as...as possible, depend on, keep...safe
1．On any occasion, you should ________________ your appearance, because you are a teacher.
2．During the lantern fair, the fancy lanterns ________________ of all the tourists.
3．The man comes up with some fantasies ________________， but he is a very realistic person.
4．This information indicates that we are ________________ some large companies. So we have to work hard.
5．This sort of robot will serve the guests ________________．
6．They will ________ the house ________ the best materials regardless of the cost.
7．Traditionally, people send written invitations for formal events________________weddings.
8．Look at the picture and make ________ many sentences ________ using these model verbs.
9．The lantern fair attracts a lot of people. We do our best to help the traffic police ________ everyone ________．
10．________________your taste, you can choose whether to add sauce or not.
Ⅲ.用方框内情态动词或含情态动词的结构并结合括号内所给词填空
can, can't do, may/might do, may not do, must do, must have done, can't have done, may/might have done
1．Someone ________________ (set) off fireworks last night, because the ground is full of ashes.
2．In polar regions, people ________________ not see the sun for a long time.
3．Tom ________________ (wear) that fancy dress. He is always shy.
4．He ________________ (be) the editor. He's exactly like the one in this picture.
5．He ________________ (finish) that novel. He has been busy taking care of his sick child recently.
6．You ________________ (think) that decorating the building is a waste of cost, but I'm sure later you will be grateful you did it.
7．That guy ________________ (be) Peter—he is in hospital.
8．These students ________________ (read) my blog, but I'm not sure.
Section Ⅱ Using language
要点精研·探究学习
1．①indicates ②indicates ③indicating
2．①at the request of ②(should) be held on Friday
③(should) come to the party
3．①were/are attracted ②to ③attractive
④attractions ⑤attracted my attention
4．①decorated ②with ③decorated ④decoration
5．①competition ②competition ③in ④with
6．①making ②as
语法新知·对接课堂
二、
1．能够 2.一定 3.可能
语法探究·核心突破
即时检测1 ①indicate ②attracts ③waved ④host
⑤decorated ⑥request ⑦dessert ⑧formal
⑨competition ⑩occasions
即时检测2 ①B ②A ③D ④C ⑤C ⑥B ⑦A ⑧D
⑨C
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．decoration 2.indicated 3.informal 4.attraction 5.that
6．when 7.occasionally 8.attracting 9.have been 10.dressed
11．attached 12.Walking
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．pay attention to 2.attracted the attention 3.on occasion 4.in competition with 5.by request 6.decorate; with
7．such as 8.as; as possible 9.keep; safe 10.Depending on
Ⅲ.用方框内情态动词或含情态动词的结构并结合括号内所给词填空
1．must have set 2.can 3.may not wear 4.must be
5．can't have finished 6.may/might think 7.can't be
8．may/might have readSection Ⅲ Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
词汇预习·夯实基础
Ⅰ.认知词汇知其意
1．occasion n. ________________
2．editor n. ________________
3．embrace v. ________________
4．effort n. ________________
5．eve n. ________________
6．software n. ________________
7．adult n. ________________
8．token n. ________________
9．process n. ________________
10．overseas adv. ________________
Ⅱ.拓展词汇知变形
1．________ v．(不情愿地)承认→admission n．承认
2．________ n．失去，丧失→lose v．丧失→lost adj.丢失的，迷路的
3．________ v．存在，实际上有→existence n．存在
4．________ n．国籍；民族→nation n．国家→national adj.全国的
5．________ adj.退休的→retire v．退休，退役→retirement n．退休
Ⅲ.短语互译
1．____________ 用……代替……
2．____________ 张贴，挂起
3．____________ 不仅……而且……
4．____________ 售完，卖光
5．____________ if necessary
6．____________ depend on
7．____________ be keen on
8．____________ what's more
预习验收·对接课堂
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．It is very convenient for him to download ________ (软件) from the Internet.
2．The editor ________ (承认) that there had been some printing errors in the newspaper.
3．Government officials should make an ________ (努力) to prevent the loss of cultural relics.
4．It is said that the new film has attracted a large adult ________ (观众).
5．My neighbour used to work overseas and is now ________ (退休).
6．During the ________ (过程), there exist many problems which affect the lives of citizens.
Ⅱ.短语填空
at a loss, not only... but also..., spare no effort, in one's opinion, in the process of, to one's joy, be keen on, have nothing to do with, look forward to, chat about
1．Eating out is a good choice and it ______________ loss of traditions.
2．Her novel is ________________ being turned into a television series.
3. ________________ are these attended and enjoyed by Chinese citizens living abroad, ________________ by many other nationalities, too.
4. ________________， we should keep up with social changes and embrace the new information age.
5．Most people are not willing to admit their own trouble, but they are really ________________ what to do.
6．However, not all citizens ________________ the idea that tourism is likely to damage the environment.
7．Air pollution is a global problem. We must ________________ to protect our planet.
8．The two guys sat in a corner, ________________ some interesting topics.
9．I ________________ eating the food cooked by a top chef and enjoying every bite.
10. ________________， she was admitted to the university she had dreamt of.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．As an adult, he dare not admit ________ (be) a game addict.
2．He does not believe in the ________ (exist) of ghosts.
3．As ________ (editor), we should spare no effort to work heart and soul for our readers.
4．I really don't think it's worth the effort of spending so much time ________ (prepare) for a single meal.
5．It was not only for the delicious food that we seldom got to eat, but for the opportunity to have our whole family ________ (gather) together.
6．I would run around the house, ________ (listen) to the adults chatting about their year.
7．I think homemade dishes tasted ________ (delicious) than anything cooked by a top chef.
8．It seems that Chinese Spring Festival is becoming a ________ (globe) celebration of joy and love.
9．The ________ (retire) teacher enjoyed the joy of helping others.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．我相信他今晚不会来。
I ________________ he ________________ tonight.
2．它不仅使我们亲近自然，而且促进了我们之间的友谊。
It ________________ got us close to nature ________________ promoted the friendship among us.
阅读研析·合作学习
Ⅰ.框架建构：整体理解
1．Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
Phenomenon: Some people choose to have the dinner in a restaurant to celebrate Spring Festival.View 1：Be for the idea.
Reasons：1. The (1)________ for the dinner are hard work.
2．Eating out has nothing to do with (2)________ of traditions.
3．The love between the family members sitting around the table together (3)________ the same. View 2：Be against the idea.
Reasons：1.It just won't (4)________ Spring Festival having the dinner out.
2．The happy (5)________ of the dinner on the eve of Spring Festival.
3．The (6)________ is even more important than the dinner itself.
2．What's the main idea of this passage
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Ⅱ.文本剖析：细节探究
1．What is the authors' main purpose of writing the letters
A．To give advice.
B．To ask for advice.
C．To express their ideas.
D．To make a promise.
2．Why does Wang Peng choose to eat out for the Spring Festival family dinner
A．They have eaten out for three years.
B．He wants to change the traditions.
C．He doesn't want to prepare for it.
D．He wants to spend more time with family and relax himself.
3．Which of the following statements is true about Wang Peng
A．Eating out may lead to loss of traditions.
B．Preparing for dinner at home is not well worth.
C．Eating out is more enjoyable without all that tiring cooking.
D．Eating out is more enjoyable than that at home.
4．Why is Liu Yonghui a bit unhappy about that his son has booked a table at a restaurant for this year's Spring Festival family dinner
A．He thinks eating at the restaurant may cost a lot of money.
B．He thinks eating the dinner out won't feel like Spring Festival.
C．He thinks eating out may not be as enjoyable as eating at home.
D．He thinks the dishes at the restaurant may taste terrible.
5．Which is NOT the benefit of eating at home according to Liu Yonghui's view
A．It makes him have more delicious food.
B．It gives the whole family a chance to gather together.
C.It makes him run around the house.
D．It lets him taste the homemade dishes.
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．部分否定
...but ________________ is keen on this idea.
……但并不是每个人都喜欢这个想法。
2．not only...but (also)...不但……而且……
It was ________ for the delicious food that we seldom got to eat, ________ for the opportunity to have our whole family gathered together.
这不仅是因为我们很少吃到美味的食物，而且因为有机会让我们全家人聚在一起。
3．表语从句
When I was a little boy, the dinner on the eve of Spring Festival was ________________________．
当我还是个小男孩的时候，除夕夜的晚餐是我最期待的。
4．部分倒装句
What's more, ________________________________________ by Chinese citizens living abroad, but by many other nationalities, too.
此外，这些活动不仅受到居住在国外的中国公民的参与和欣赏，也受到许多其他国籍的人的参与和欣赏。
原文研读·立体透析
[词汇积累]
①editor/'ed t / n．(报纸、杂志的)主编，编辑
②no less than不少于
③embrace/ m'bre s/
v．欣然接受，乐意采纳(新思想、意见等)
④admit/ d'm t/ v．(不情愿地)承认
admit doing/having done sth.承认做了某事
⑤preparation n．准备
make preparations for为……做准备
prepare v．准备
⑥effort/'ef t/ n．力气，精力
⑦clean up彻底打扫，清理
⑧have nothing to do with和……无关
⑨loss/l s/ n．失去，丧失
⑩occasion/ 'ke ( )n/ n．场合，时刻
enjoyable adj.令人愉快的
tiring adj.令人疲惫的，累人的
eve/i v/ n．前夕，前一天
remain v．继续，依然
software/'s ftwe / n．(计算机)软件
book v．预订
feel like感觉像
look forward to盼望
adult/' d lt/ n．成人，成年人
token/'t k n/ n．象征，标志
[21]value v．珍惜，珍视
[22]process/'pr ses/
n．(为达到某目标的)过程，进程
[23]retired/r 'ta d/
adj.退休的
[教材原文]
Time for a Change
A family dinner is an important tradition to celebrate Spring Festival. Nowadays, some people choose to have the dinner in a restaurant, but not everyone is keen on this idea. What do our readers think
Dear Editor①，
We have eaten out for the Spring Festival family dinner for the last three years, and we have enjoyed it no less than② eating at home. I don't understand why__some__people__refuse__to__embrace③__the__change 【1】．
【1】why引导宾语从句。
Can't they admit④ that__the__preparations⑤__for__the__dinner__are__hard__work 【2】？ I really don't think it's worth the effort⑥ of spending so much time preparing for a single meal, and then another hour cleaning up⑦ the mess after it's over. We work all year, so why can't one day be about spending time with family and relaxing
【2】that引导宾语从句，that在从句中不作成分也不表示任何意义，可以省略。
Eating__out__is__a__good__choice__and__it__has__nothing__to__do__with⑧__loss⑨__of__traditions 【3】. We still have the dinner with the same people, just in a different place. The occasion⑩ is more enjoyable without all that tiring cooking, and the dishes taste better!
【3】本句中动名词作主语。
In my opinion, what__or__where__we__eat__on__Spring__Festival__Eve __really__doesn't__matter 【4】. Eating out may change the form of this tradition, but the love between the family members sitting around the table together remains the same.
Wang Peng, software engineer
【4】本句中what or where 引导主语从句。
Dear Editor，
For this year's Spring Festival family dinner, my son has booked a table at the best restaurant in town, but I'm a bit unhappy about it. For me, it__just__won't__feel__like __Spring__Festival__having__the__dinner__out 【5】．
【5】本句中it作形式主语，动名词短语having the dinner out作真正的主语。
When I was a little boy, the dinner on the eve of Spring Festival was what__I__looked__forward__to __most 【6】. It was not only for the delicious food that we seldom got to eat, but for the opportunity to have our whole family gathered together. I would run around the house, listening__to__the__adults __chatting__about__their__year__ 【7】. I'd get under my mother's feet in the kitchen, watching__her__make__dumplings 【8】. She'd put tokens in some dumplings: candies for a sweet life and peanuts for a long and healthy one. In the evening, all of us would sit around the table, enjoying__the__food__and__being__together__again 【9】． We toasted each other, we laughed, and the simple, homemade dishes tasted more delicious than anything cooked__by__a__top__chef 【10】．
【6】本句为what引导的表语从句。
【7】【8】【9】为现在分词短语作伴随状语。
【10】过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰anything。
I hope my children and their children will still valueB21 our memories of preparing the dinner together. To me, the processB22 is even more important than the dinner itself.
Liu Yonghui, retiredB23 teacher
[课文译文]
是时候改变了吗？
年夜饭是庆祝春节的一个重要的传统。如今，一些人选择在饭店吃年夜饭，但并不是每个人都喜爱这个主意。我们的读者怎样认为呢？
尊敬的编辑：
在过去的三年里，我们都在外面吃年夜饭，我们喜欢在外面吃饭不亚于在家里吃。我不明白为什么有些人拒绝接受改变。
他们难道不承认准备年夜饭很辛苦吗？我真的认为花这么多时间准备一顿饭，然后在结束后再花一个小时清理这堆烂摊子是不值得的。我们一年都在工作，为什么不能有一天陪陪家人，放松放松呢？
外出就餐是个不错的选择，这与传统的丢失无关。我们仍然和同样的人在一起吃饭，只是在不同的地方。不用那么累人的烹调，这个时刻就更让人愉快了，而且菜肴味道更好！
在我看来，我们在除夕吃什么或在哪里吃并不重要。外出就餐可能会改变这一传统的形式，但是坐在一起的家庭成员之间的爱仍然是一样的。
王鹏，软件工程师
尊敬的编辑：
今年的春节年夜饭，我儿子在城里最好的餐馆订了位子，但我有点不高兴。对我来说，外出吃饭感觉不像是过春节。
当我还是个小男孩的时候，年夜饭是我最期待的。不仅是因为我们很少吃到的美味食物，而且因为有机会让我们全家聚在一起。我会在房子里跑来跑去，听大人谈论他们这一年的情况。我会在厨房围着妈妈转，看着她包饺子。她会在一些饺子里放些象征性的东西：糖果代表甜蜜的生活，花生代表健康长寿。晚上，我们大家围坐在桌子旁，享受着食物和再次相聚。我们举杯相庆，我们说说笑笑，简单的家常菜比任何顶级厨师做的菜都好吃。
我希望我的孩子们和他们的孩子们仍然珍视我们一起准备年夜饭的记忆。对我来说，这个过程比晚餐本身更重要。
刘永辉，退休教师
1.occasion n．场合，时刻
Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.我很少能有时间和我的孩子共度一天。
I've been writing this report occasionally for the last two weeks, but it has to be handed in tomorrow.
这个报告我也断断续续地写了两个星期了，但明天必须得交了。
[归纳探究]
occasion派生＋
[联想拓展] occasion作定语从句的先行词，如果表示时间，意为“时刻；机会”，关系副词用when；如果表示地点，意为“场合”，关系副词用where。
There were occasions when we made mistakes.有时候我们会出错。
Have you ever met with the occasion where you are mistaken
你有没有遇到过被误会的场合？
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①____________ one occasion, she called me in the middle of the night.
②He has been known ____________ occasion to lose his temper.
③He spent five years in Paris, with ____________ (occasion) visits to Italy.
④I have a suit but I only wear it ________________________ (在特殊场合).
⑤He was presented with the watch ________________________ (在……之际)his retirement.
2.admit v．(不情愿地)承认；允许进入，加入
Women were only admitted into the club last year.
这家俱乐部去年才接纳女会员。
The plan does not admit of improvement.这项计划已无改进余地了。
It is admitted that John is the cleverest boy in class.
人们公认约翰是班里最聪明的男孩。
[归纳探究]
admit to sth./doing sth. 承认(做)某事
admit sb./sth. to be 承认某人/某物是……
admit sb. to/into... 准许某人进入……
admit of... 容许，有……可能
It is admitted that... 人们公认……
admission n. 承认；入场费；准许加入
[图形助记]
I was admitted to my favorite university at last.
最终我被我最喜欢的大学录取了。
[易错提示] admit的过去式和过去分词需要双写t再加ed。
admit的现在分词需要双写t再加ing。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①You may not like her, but you have to admit ____________ she's good at her job.
②He admitted ________________________ (cheat) in the examinations and he was not admitted ____________ the college at last.
③If you leave the club, you will not ____________ (admit) back in.
④With his parents' encouragement, he was brave enough to ____________ (承认他的错误).
⑤Paul ____________________________ (向我承认) he sometimes felt jealous of my friendship with Stanley.
3.exist v．存在，实际上有；生存
Research opportunities exist in a wide range of areas.
研究机会存在于广泛的领域中。
They can't exist on the money he's earning.
他们靠他挣的那点钱无法维持生活。
There existed some problems needed to be improved in practice.
在实践中存在一些问题，需要进一步完善。
This is the oldest Hebrew manuscript in existence.
这是现存最古老的希伯来文手稿。
It came into existence as an independent country after the war.
它在战后开始作为一个独立的国家存在。
[归纳探究]
exist in 存在于……之中
exist on 靠……为生
There exists/existed... 某地有……；存在……
existing adj. 现存的；现行的
existence n. 存在；生存，生活
in existence 存在
come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在
[联想拓展] (1)在动词词尾加 ence构成的名词：
dependence n．依靠，依赖
reference n．谈及，涉及；参考，查阅
persistence n．坚持；锲而不舍
insistence n．坚持；坚决要求
occurrence n．发生，出现
(2)表示“产生”的短语：come into being
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Some super heroes seem able to exist ________ very little sleep.
②There still ____________ (exist) some doubt whether the police can make a major breakthrough in the case.
③It is reported that this substance came into ____________ (exist) about 100 million years ago.
④This is the oldest temple ____________ (exist) in the world.
4.loss n．失去，丧失；损失；遗失
However, watching the computer screen for a long time can cause vision loss.然而，长时间看电脑屏幕会导致视力下降。
He admitted the mistake and promised to make up for the loss.
他承认了错误，并答应赔偿损失。
[归纳探究]
loss of interest/confidence 失去兴趣/信心
blood loss/loss of blood 失血
loss of memory 失忆
weight loss 体重减少
hearing loss 听力丧失
cause vision loss 导致视力下降
gain and loss 得与失
make up for the loss 弥补损失
a total loss 总损失
(be) at a loss 不知所措
a sense of loss 失落感
[联想拓展] lose v．丢失；失去；输掉；错过 lost adj.迷路的；丢失的
be lost in全神贯注于，沉浸于
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Reading her biography, I ________ (lose) in admiration for what Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.
②They got ________ (lose) in the forest. What was worse, it began raining heavily.
③The animal was weak through ____________ (失血).
④Many parents feel ____________ (失落感) when their children leave home.
⑤Detectives are so far ____________ (困惑) to explain the reason for his death.
5.effort n．力气，精力，努力
Though it may appear simple, it requires a lot of ideas and efforts.
虽然看起来可能很简单，但它需要很多想法和努力。
I promise I'll make efforts/an effort to achieve my goal.
我保证我将努力来实现我的目标。
Everyone in my class spares no effort on their study, preparing for the College Entrance Examination.
我们班的每个人都不遗余力地学习，为高考做准备。
His movements were so graceful that they seemed effortless.
他的动作如此优雅，看起来轻松自如。
[归纳探究]
make efforts/an effort to do sth. 努力做某事
make every effort to do sth. 尽一切努力做某事
spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力地做某事
in an effort to do sth. 为了做某事
through one's efforts 通过某人的努力
without effort 容易地，不费力地
Sth. take(s) effort.(＝It takes effort to do sth.)
某事需要付出努力。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We will make ________ (effort) to offer you the best service.
②We should spare no effort ________ (protect) our hometown.
③They rebuilt the cinemas ________ an effort to attract young people.
④Just as Rome was not built in a day, no one can achieve anything ________ effort.
6.process n. (为达到某目标的)过程；进程 v．加工，处理
The opinion that learning is a lifelong process has been expressed by education experts throughout the years.
多年来，教育专家一直传达学习是一个终身的过程的观点。
I hope you'll take the challenge and find great joy in the process.
我希望你接受挑战，然后在这一过程中发现极大的乐趣。
The information gathered by the telescopes will be processed by computers.通过望远镜获得的信息将由计算机进行处理。
It will take a week for your application to be processed.
审核你的申请需要一周的时间。
Brazil began importing soybeans to process at home.
巴西开始进口大豆在国内加工。
[归纳探究]
(1)in the process of (doing) sth. 在(做)某事的过程中
in the process (某事)正在进行
a slow/long/painful process 缓慢的/漫长的/痛苦的过程
be in process (某事)正在进行
the learning process 学习过程
(2)process...into... 把……加工成……
process an application 审核申请
(3)processed cheese/meat/fish 加工过的干酪/肉/鱼肉
[一言助记]
In the process of making preserved meat, there are several processes to pay special attention to when processing the meat.
在制作腊肉的过程中，有几个步骤在腌肉时需要特别注意。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①What you have learned ________ the process will prove useful in your future work.
②Most of the food we buy ________ (process) in some way.
③I stood up to say hello and spilled my drink ________ the process.
7.retired adj.退休的 retire v．(使)退休 retirement n．退休；退职；退休生活
The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake, enabling the students to return to their classrooms.
那位退休的人将他的大部分积蓄都捐给了地震中被损坏的学校，使得学生能够重返课堂。
A retired engineer, 76 year old Wilson has been offering free rides to college students for the past eight years.
76岁的威尔逊是一名退休工程师，过去8年来，他一直为大学生提供免费乘车服务。
My father retired from the army at the age of 60.
我父亲在60岁时从部队退休了。
His son will succeed him as chairman of the commission after his retirement.在他退休之后，他的儿子将要接替他担任委员会主席。
[归纳探究]
retire from... 从……退休
retire as... 从……职位上退休
retire from office 退职
retire from service 退役
[归纳拓展]
retirement n．退休，退职
retire v．(使)退休
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①After a period of time, the ________ (retire) teacher finally adapted to this leisure lifestyle.
②At age 68, he retired ________ the post office, but he never stopped serving the community.
③My soccer coach ________ (retire) last week. I wanted to do something special for him at his ________ (retire) party.
8.(教材P28)It was not only for the delicious food that we seldom got to eat, but for the opportunity to have our whole family gathered together.不仅可以吃到平时难以吃到的美食，而且全家人能有机会团聚在一起。
[句式解构] not only...but (also)...不仅……而且……
She speaks English not only in class but also at home.
她不仅在课堂上讲英语而且在家也讲。
He was not only talented but also popular with his colleagues.
他不仅才华横溢，而且深受同事们的欢迎。
Not only does the sun give us light, but (also) it gives us heat.
太阳不仅给了我们阳光，也给了我们热量。
Not only I but also Tom and Mary are fond of watching television.
不仅我，而且汤姆和玛丽也都喜欢看电视。
[归纳探究]
not only...but also...
(1)not only...but also...意为“不仅……而且……”，为并列连词，用于连接平行结构，即两个句法作用相同的单词、短语或从句，其中also有时可以省略。
(2)连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数遵循“就近一致原则”。
(3)连接除主语以外的成分时，若not only位于句首，后面句子需要使用部分倒装，但but also后的句子不倒装。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①不仅是这些学生，而且他们的老师也喜欢踢足球。
________ the students ________ their teacher ________ playing football.
②它们不仅能给我们带来快乐和兴奋，而且还能鼓励我们进行批判性思考。
________________________ offer us joy and excitement, ____________________________ encourage us to think critically.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．You are requested not ________ (smoke) in the theatre.
2．Your friend has a very ________ (attract) personality.
3．We soon knocked over our ________ in the speech ________ (compete).
4．________ (occasion) I will have a piece of chocolate, but it's very rare.
5．Dana admitted ________ (feel) hurt by what I had said.
6．He made ________ (effort) to get along with his classmates.
7．The parking place for bikes was an ________ (exist) problem for a long time in our school.
8．Many young people like to eat ________ (process) food.
9．During the National Day, the streets ________ (decorate) with colored flags.
10．Having suffered a great ________ (lose), he decided to have a new start.
Ⅱ.短语填空
be keen on, eat out, no less than, depend on, look forward to, rather than, sell out, feel like, have nothing to do with, in process
1．Do you ____________ walking there with me
2．She ____________ playing the piano particularly.
3．In my opinion, preparing for dinners takes a lot of time so ____________ may save much time.
4．I am ____________ receiving his present for Christmas Day.
5．We should help him ____________ ask him for help.
6．Tickets for the film were ____________ when we arrived at the cinema.
7．How much a person earn at his work __________ his skill.
8．He said he ____________________ the theft and I suspected his words.
9．I felt tired because I walked ________________ ten miles today.
10．Listen! The concert is ________ in our school hall.
Ⅲ.句型转换
1．My mother requested me to make efforts to achieve my dream.
→My mother requested that I ________________________．
2．He was attracted by the beauty and he didn't want to leave right now.
→________________________________， he didn't want to leave right now.
3．All of us admitted that he was one of the best players in China.
→All of us ________________________ one of the best players in China.
4．He worked hard to achieve his own goal to be a pilot.
→He ________________________ to achieve his own goal to be a pilot.
5．There is still poverty in many parts of the world.
→Poverty still ________ many parts of the world.
6．I can not only share good ideas with others but also learn to express myself clearly.
→Not only ________________________ with others but also learn to express myself clearly.
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
课前预习·自主学习
词汇预习·夯实基础
Ⅰ.认知词汇知其意
1．场合，时刻 2.(报纸、杂志的)主编，编辑 3.欣然接受，乐意采纳(新思想、意见等) 4.力气，精力 5.前夕，前一天 6.(计算机)软件 7.成人，成年人 8.象征，标志 9.(为达到某目标的)过程，进程 10.在海外，在外国
Ⅱ.拓展词汇知变形
1．admit 2.loss 3.exist 4.nationality 5.retired
Ⅲ.短语互译
1．replace...with... 2.put up 3.not only...but also... 4.sell out 5.如果有必要的话 6.取决于，依赖 7.喜爱，热衷于 8.更重要的是
预习验收·对接课堂
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．software 2.admitted 3.effort 4.audience 5.retired 6.process
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．has nothing to do with 2.in the process of 3.Not only; but also 4.In my opinion 5.at a loss 6.are keen on 7.spare no effort 8.chatting about 9.look forward to
10．To her joy
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．being 2.existence 3.editors 4.preparing 5.gathered 6.listening 7.more delicious 8.global 9.retired
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．don't believe; will come 2.not only; but also
阅读研析·合作学习
Ⅰ.框架建构：整体理解
1．(1)preparations (2)loss (3)remains (4)feel like
(5)memories (6)process
2．Nowadays, some people have different opinions about where to have their family dinner to celebrate Spring Festival.
Ⅱ.文本剖析：细节探究
1．C 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.A
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．not everyone 2.not only; but (also) 3.what I looked forward to most 4.not only are these attended and enjoyed
要点精研·探究学习
1．①On ②on ③occasional ④on special occasions ⑤on the occasion of
2．①that ②cheating/having cheated; to/into ③be admitted
④admit his mistake ⑤admitted to me that
3．①on ②exists ③existence ④existing
4．①was lost ②lost ③loss of blood ④a sense of loss
⑤at a loss
5．①efforts ②to protect ③in ④without
6．①in ②is processed ③in
7．①retired ②from ③retired; retirement
8．①Not only; but also; likes ②Not only can they; but also they can
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．to smoke 2.attractive 3.competitors; competition
4．Occasionally 5.feeling 6.efforts 7.existing 8.processed 9.were/are decorated 10.loss
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．feel like 2.is keen on 3.eating out 4.looking forward to
5．rather than 6.sold out 7.depends on 8.had nothing to do with 9.no less than 10.in process
Ⅲ.句型转换
1．should make efforts to achieve my dream
2．Attracted by the beauty 3.admitted him to be 4.made every/an effort 5.exists in 6.can I share good ideas
