Section Ⅲ Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
词汇预习·夯实基础
Ⅰ.认知词汇知其意
1．frog n. ____________
2．throat n. ____________
3．downtown adj. ____________
4．entrance n. ____________
5．section n. ____________
6．exit n. ____________
7．downstairs adv. ____________
8．odd adj. ____________
9．error n. ____________
Ⅱ.拓展词汇知变形
1．________ v．计划，打算→intention n．意图，目的；打算
2．________ adv.事实上，实际上→actual adj.实在的；实际的
3．________ adj.消极的，负面的→negatively adv.消极地→negativity n．消极性
4．informal adj.(书写或言谈)非正式的→________ adj.正式的
5．________ v．认识，辨认出→recognition n．认可，辨认
6．________ v．以……为基础→________ adj.基本的→________ n．基础
7．________ adj.意识到的，明白的→________ n．意识
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．have a frog in one's throat ________________
2．be aware of ________________
3．be based on ________________
4．look forward to ________________
5．to one's astonishment ________________
预习验收·对接课堂
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I ________ (打算) to wind my alarm up so that I could get up on time in the morning.
2．I'm ________ (意识到) that it's not likely to contact him by letter.
3．I have to clear my ________ (咽喉，嗓子) before I begin my speech.
4．She lives near the business ________ (地段) which is 500 metres from here.
5．You can't learn anything with a ________ (消极的) attitude.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The committee held an ________ (formal) meeting ahead of time to prepare the topic for the meeting.
2．________ (actual), there are real and fake posts in the forum.
3．The drivers should raise ________ (aware) of safety, especially on highways.
4．This misadventure is a ________ (remind) that we must use electricity safely.
5．These dinosaur fossils are beyond ________ (recognise) without signs.
6．I came with the ________ (intend) of joining the debate, but now I've decided to leave.
7．________ is said that the drama is a great success.
8．We must spend time ________ (practice) playing the piano to take part in the competition.
Ⅲ.短语填空
be based on, be aware of, make a comment on, wind up, remind...of
1．Teachers always ________ us ________ some reading skills that we should memorise.
2．Actually, the movie ____________ a true story of a misadventure.
3．He was unable to ____________ the topic during the debate. It seemed as if he had a frog in his throat.
4．The moment I went to bed, my mother reminded me to ____________ the alarm clock.
5．The children ____________ the negative effects of this idea.
阅读研析·合作学习
Ⅰ.框架建构：整体理解
1．Skim the passage and fill in the blanks
2.What's the main idea of this passage
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Ⅱ.根据课文内容选择正确答案(细节探究)
1．Why didn't Sophie find the shoes on the first floor
A.Because she misunderstood the lady's words.
B．Because there were no shoes sections sold there.
C．Because the shoes were all placed on the ground.
D.Because she didn't go up to the upper floor.
2．Julien found his penfriend's grandfather ________．
A．wicked B．confused
B．negative D．nice
3．What do we learn about Zheng Xu's English paper
A.Zheng Xu felt disappointed about his paper.
B．Zheng Xu didn't get a good grade on it.
C．The teacher thought the paper wrote well.
D．The teacher thought Zheng Xu was not a bad student.
4．What do the four people have in common
A．Having the same experiences in learning English.
B.Meeting something strange in English learning.
C．Coming from the same English speaking country.
D.Finding English easy to learn and hard to understand.
5．Which of the statements is NOT true according to the passage
A．“The first floor” in America may be called “the ground floor” in another country.
B．When we say someone is “wicked”， we only want to show the person is bad.
C．If an English man wants to go to “the first floor” in America, he should go downstairs.
D．In China, we use “Not bad！” to show something is not good enough.
Ⅲ.重点句型补全
1．这里挑了一些我们最喜欢的故事，正是它们让我们知道了在课堂上学到的英语和外面世界使用的英语是多么不一样！
Here are some of our favourites, ________________ some of the English we learn in the classroom is ________________ the English in the outside world!
2．当我第一次去纽约游玩时，我去了一个市中心的购物中心，想买一些冬天穿的靴子。
When I first visited New York, I went to a downtown shopping centre ________________．
3．当我在找出口的时候，我看到鞋区实际上是在一楼，而不是在二楼。
________________________， I saw that shoes were actually sold downstairs on the ground floor, not the first floor.
原文研读·立体透析
[词汇积累]
①misadventure
/ mIs d'vent /n.事故，灾难
②forum/'f r m/
n．(因特网上的)论坛，讨论区
③funny/'f nI/adj.
有趣的，好笑的，滑稽的
④expect/Ik'spekt/v.期望，预料
⑤remind/rI'maInd/
v．提醒，使……想起
⑥comment
/'k ment/n.评论
⑦play safe with不冒险，谨慎，稳妥
⑧frog/fr ɡ/n.蛙，青蛙
⑨throat/θr t/
n．喉咙，咽喉
have a frog in one's throat(尤因喉咙痛)说话困难
⑩downtown
/ da n'ta n/adj.在城镇中心区的，在闹市区的
boot/bu t/n.靴子
section/'sek ( )n/n．区域
actually/' kt u li/adv.事实上，实际上
finally/'faIn li/
adv.最终；最后
wicked/'wIkId/
adj.缺德的，邪恶的；很棒的，极好的
negative/'neɡ tIv/
adj.消极的，负面的
standard/'st nd d/n.标准，规格 adj.标准的，合格的
exchange
/Iks't eInd /n.(学生、教师等的)互访，交换
do a good job干得好
forward/'f w d/adv.向前
look forward to期待，盼望
[教材原文]
Misadventures① in English
Last week, our forum② asked if__you__had__any__funny__③__or__strange__stories__about__using__English 【1】. We didn't expect④ to get so many posts! Here__are__some__of__our__favourites,__to__remind⑤__us__that__some__of__the__English__we__learn__in__the__classroom__is__rather__different__from__the__English__in__the__outside__world 【2】！
Yancy
People__say__that__the__British__always__play__safe__with⑦__what__they__eat. 【3】 Not true! I went to a summer school in Manchester and my English teacher was called Maggie. One day, a different teacher took our class. He told us that__Maggie__couldn't__teach__that__day__COZ__she__had__a__frog⑧__in__her__throat⑨ 【4】. Poor Maggie—but why did she try to eat such a big frog
135 comments
Sophie
When__I__first__visited__New__York,__I__went__to__a__downtown⑩__shopping__centre__to__buy__some__winter__boots 【5】． At the information desk at the entrance, I asked a lady where__the__shoe__section __was 【6】. She said that it was on the first floor. So I went up to the first floor, but couldn't find any shoes. I decided to leave. When__I__was__looking__for__the__exit,__I__saw__that__shoes__were__actually __sold__downstairs__on__the__ground__floor 【7】， not the first floor. Why did she give me the wrong information
128 comments
Julien
I've got an English penfriend, who__I__finally __got__to__meet__in__London__this__summer 【8】. He had told me that his grandfather was “really wicked ”. But when I met his grandfather, I liked him a lot. I found it very odd. Why did my friend use a negative word about such a nice man
63 comments
Zheng Xu
The British must have really high standards . I was part of a student exchange programme between a university in England and my university in China. I spent days preparing and writing my first English paper. I knew I had done a good job and was looking forward to getting a positive comment. When__I__got__the__paper__back,__I__found__my__teacher__had__written__the__comment__“Not__bad 【9】！” Not bad But there weren't any errors in my paper.
85 comments
【1】if引导宾语从句，if在从句中不作成分，意为“是否”。
【2】本句为here置于句首引起的完全倒装句。其中that引导宾语从句，that在从句中不作成分，也不表示任何意义，可以忽略；we learn in the classroom为定语从句，修饰English，引导词在从句中作宾语，故可以省略。
【3】本句中that引导宾语从句，作say的宾语；what they eat为what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中作宾语。
【4】第一个that引导宾语从句，that在从句中不作成分也不表示任何意义，可以省略；because引导原因状语从句。
【5】本句中When引导时间状语从句；不定式短语to buy some...作目的状语。
【6】where引导宾语从句，where在从句中作地点状语。
【7】When引导的是时间状语从句；that引导宾语从句，that在从句可以省略。
【8】本句为who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰an English pen friend，引导词在从句中作主语指人，故应用who。
【9】When引导的是时间状语从句；my teacher had written the comment “Not bad！”为宾语从句，从句中不缺成分也不缺任何意义，故可以省略引导词。
[课文译文]
英语中的神翻译
上周，我们在论坛上提问了大家有没有使用英语时发生的有趣或奇怪的故事。没想到竟然收到了这么多帖子！这里挑了一些我们最喜欢的故事，正是它们让我们知道了在课堂上学到的一些英语和外面世界的英语是多么不一样！
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扬西
人们说英国人吃什么都很谨慎。这不是真的！我去了曼彻斯特的一所暑期学校，英语老师叫玛吉。一天，另一位老师来给我们上课。他告诉我们那天玛吉不能上课是因为(COZ)她喉咙里有只青蛙(喉咙痛，说话困难)。可怜的玛吉——可她为什么要吃这么大的青蛙呢？
135个评论
索菲
当我第一次去纽约游玩时，我去了一个市中心的购物中心，想买一些冬天穿的靴子。在入口处的服务台，我问一位女士卖鞋的柜台在哪里。她说在二楼(the first floor)。所以我上了一层楼，但是没有找到鞋子。我决定离开。当我在找出口的时候，我看到鞋区实际上是在一楼，而不是在二楼。她为什么给我错误的信息呢？
128个评论
朱利恩
我交了一个英国的笔友。今年夏天我终于在伦敦见到了他。他告诉我他的爷爷“非常邪恶”。但是，当我见到他爷爷时，我很喜欢他。我觉得这很古怪。为什么我的朋友要用一个贬义词来形容这样一个好人？
63个评论
郑旭
英国人一定有很高的标准。我参加了英国一所大学和我在中国的大学的一个交换生项目。我花了几天时间准备和写我第一篇英语论文。我觉得我做得很好并期待得到一个积极的评价。但当我拿回试卷时，发现老师写的评语是“不错！”不错？但我的论文里没有任何错误。
85个评论
1.remind v．提醒，使……想起
Here are some of our favourites, to remind us that some of the English we learn in the classroom is rather different from the English in the outside world!
这里有一些我们最喜欢的(帖子)提醒我们，我们在教室里学习的英语与外面的世界的英语是相当不同的！
I forget to remind him of the time for the interview.
我忘了提醒他面试时间。
Please remind me to answer that letter. 请提醒我回复那封信。
[归纳探究]
(1)remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事
(2)remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
(3)remind sb. about/of sth. 提醒某人某事
(4)remind sb. that... 使某人想起……
[写作佳句]
We are reminded to wear masks when going outside.
我们被提醒外出时要戴口罩。
[联想拓展]
与remind意义相近的词：
recall v. 回忆起；记起
remember v. 记得；记起
memorize v. 记忆
warn v. 提醒
即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Will you remind me ________ (phone) Mr Hood at noon
②This film reminded her ________ the college days.
③我正打算给玛丽打电话，提醒她我们八点钟见面。
I'll just call Mary ______________ we are meeting at 8 o'clock.
2.intend v．计划，打算
The school being built at present is intended for the disabled children.目前正在建造的学校是专门为残疾儿童设计的。
I'm writing to tell you my exciting plan for the summer holiday.I intend to join a Dragon Boat Training Camp.
我写信告诉你我令人兴奋的暑假计划，我打算参加龙舟训练营。
I didn't intend her to see the painting until it was finished.
我不想在画还没有完成时给她看。
What do you think was the author's intention in this passage
你认为作者写这篇文章的意图是什么？
[归纳探究]
(1)be intended for... 专门为……而设计的；专供……
intend sb. /sth. for... 打算使……成为……；想让……从事……
intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
intend to do 打算做某事
intend that... 打算；想……
(2)intention n. 用意；目的；意图
without intention 无意地；不是故意地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The book written by the famous writer is intended ________ children.
②They intended the plan ________ (put) into practice within this year.
③This program was set up with an ________ (intend) of providing help to homeless people.
④出于好意，他打算照顾这个生病的老人。
Out of kindness, he ________ care for the old man who was suffering from sickness.
⑤这本书是打算送给你作为生日礼物的，但我在路上把它弄丢了。
The book __________________ you as a birthday gift, but I lost it on the way.
3.recognise (recognize) v．认识，辨认出
China's image is improving steadily, with more countries recognizing its role in international affairs.中国的形象正在稳步提升，更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。
The China international import expo is recognised as/to be the world's first state level expo with the theme of import.
中国国际进口博览会被认为是全世界第一个以进口为主题的国家级博览会。
People recognise that the National Games is a great success.
＝It is recognised that the National Games is a great success.
人们公认这次全运会十分成功。
[归纳探究]
(1)recognise sb. /one's voice 认出某人/听出某人的声音
recognise sb. /sth. as/ to be 承认……是……
be recognised to be/as... 被认作……/被认为是……
recognise that... 认识到/承认……
It is recognised that... 人们公认……
(2)recognition n. 认出，认识
[联想拓展]
表示“人们公认”的其他表达：
It is universally acknowledged that...
It is well known that...
It is believed that...
As we all know, ...
As is known to all, ...
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I recognise ________ she works harder than I do.
②He recognised the painting ________ an early work by Picasso.
③We recognise him ________ (be) a hardworking and honest person.
4.base v．以……为基础 n．基础；基地
Scientists have built an early warning system based on mathematical models.科学家们已经建立了基于数学模型的预警系统。
When it comes to choosing between arts and science, the basic rule is to base your choice on your own interest.当谈到选择文理的时候，基本的原则是你把你的选择建立在你的兴趣上。
After all, friendship is based on trust, and therefore honesty is very important.毕竟，友谊是基于信任，因此诚实是非常重要的。
[归纳探究]
(1)be based on/upon 以……为基础；依据……
base... on/upon... 把……建立在……基础之上
(2)base n. 基础；基地
at the base of 以……为基点；在……的底部
as a base for 作为……的素材
(3)basic adj. 基本的；基础的
[名师指津] be based on/upon“以……为基础，依据……”
在句中作状语或定语时，省略be，直接用过去分词短语based on.
例如：The movie based on a true story made the audience moved to tears.
那个以真实故事为基础的电影使观众们感动得流下泪水。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/同义句转换
①Having a good command of Chinese is a ________ (base) need to live in China.
②One should always base his opinion ________ facts.
③They found the plane ________ the base of the mountain.
④The famous film ________ (base) on a Chinese fairy tale and directed by a famous director.
⑤As it is based on a true story, the film is very popular.
→________ a true story, the film is very popular.
5.aware adj.意识到的，明白的
I am totally aware of team spirit and understand how to cooperate with others.我完全明白团体精神，知道如何与他人合作。
Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we're not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.
每个人都可以买外卖，但是有时候我们没有意识到我们在家里做的成本很低。
If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, you'll have no trouble answering these questions.
如果你的意识足够敏锐，回答这些问题毫不困难。
[归纳探究]
(1)be/become aware of 对……知道/明白；意识到
be aware that/wh 从句 知道，体会到……
make sb. aware that... 提醒某人注意
make sb. aware of 使某人注意到
as far as I'm aware 据我所知
(2)awareness n. 知道，晓得
[易错提示] 表示“非常了解，非常清楚地意识到”用be/become well aware of...，而不能用be/become very aware of...。
同样用法的还有“非常值得做……”
be well worth (doing) sth.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①In addition, I will raise people's ________ (aware) of saving endangered animals.
②We should be aware ________ the importance of a positive attitude.
③我充分意识到我所肩负的责任。
I ________________ the responsibilities I am shouldering.
6.(教材P26)Not only can you post specific questions, but you can also broaden your knowledge by reading posts from other English learners around the world.
你不但可以就特定的问题发帖，而且可以通过阅读全世界其他的英语学习者的帖子来拓展自己的知识。
[句式解构] 句中“not only...but also...”结构意为“不仅……而且……”，其中but后可省略also。
(1)not only...but (also)...连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词的人称与数遵循“就近一致原则”。
Not only you but also I am a teacher.
不仅你是老师而且我也是。
(2)not only...but (also)...连接两个并列分句，且not only位于句首时，其所在的分句需使用部分倒装。
Not only did the prices increase but (also) their wages were raised.
不仅价格上涨了，而且他们的工资也提高了。
[名师点津] 动词“就近原则”的几个连接词
类似not only...but (also)...连接并列主语，谓语动词的单复数依据“就近原则”的结构还有：
neither...nor... either...or... not...but...
[即学即练] 完成句子
①英国人和美国人不但讲同一种语言，而且有很多共同的社会习俗。
The British and the Americans ________ speak the same language ________ share a large number of social customs.
②在那里，作为学生他不仅表现优异，而且成为了杰出的公共演说家。
There, he ________ did well as a student ________ became an accomplished public speaker.
③我不仅感受到了农民的苦，也感受到了劳动带给我的快乐。
Not only ________________________ the farmers take but also the happiness that labor brings me.
④此刻不仅学生而且老师都在参加体育比赛。
Not only students but also the teacher ______________________ the sports event at the moment.
7.(教材P28)I spent days preparing and writing my first English paper.
我花费了数日进行准备和撰写我的第一篇英语论文。
[句式解构] 本句中spend some time (in) doing sth.表示“花时间做某事”。与之意义相近的另一个短语是spend some time on sth.，意为“花时间在某事上”。
She spent the whole afternoon (in) designing the advertisement.她花了整个下午设计这则广告。
One study shows that approximately 90% of our free time is spent watching television or using computers.一项研究表明我们把大概90%的空闲时间花在看电视或者使用电脑上。
He spends too much time on things that don't matter.他在一些无关紧要的事情上花费太多时间。
The book cost him 60 yuan.
＝He spent 60 yuan on the book. ＝He paid 60 yuan for the book.
他花了六十元钱买这本书。
He spent 2 weeks (in) reading the book. ＝It took him 2 weeks to read the book.＝Reading the book took him 2 weeks.他花了两个星期读这本书。
[易混辨析] spend/take/cost/pay
易混词 宾语 常用句型
spend 时间、金钱 Sb. spends some time (in) doing sth.
Sb. spends some money (on) doing sth.
Sb. spends some time/money on sth.
take 时间 It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.
Sth. takes (sb.) some time.
cost 金钱 Sth. costs sb. some money.
Sth. costs some money.
pay 金钱 Sb. pays sb. some money for sth.
Sb. pays some money for sth.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/选词填空
①I spend as much time as I can ________ (practise) both in and out of class to speak English.
②Girls tend to spend too much money ________ various fashionable clothes.
spend/take/cost/pay
③They ________ two years building this bridge which was made of stone.
④It ________ her two hours to walk to the station yesterday.
⑤I ________ two hours on this maths problem yesterday.
⑥The two computers I bought ________ me a lot of money.
⑦I have to ________ 800 yuan for this room each month.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The photos ________ (提醒) me of the days when we struggled together.
2．Customers are asked to give helpful ________ (意见，建议) on improving recipes.
3．________ (实际上), it's not confusing that a word has different meanings in different contexts.
4．I figure that a ________ (消极的) attitude is one aspect that affects learning.
5．They provide a ________ (区域) of the forum to argue about the issue of avatars (虚拟替身).
6．I'm unfamiliar with the new ________ (资料) I have come across.
7．The man's strange behavior is ________ (相当) confusing.
8．The committee is in a ________ (在城镇中心区的) tall building.
9．During the Orientation Day, the teacher welcomed new students at the ________ (入口处) of the campus.
10．I ________ (打算) to wind my alarm up so that I could get up on time in the morning.
11．Students ________ (认出) their teacher's sculpture at first sight on the exhibition.
12．I'm ________ (意识到) that it's not likely to contact him by letter.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The Internet can ________ (broad) our horizons, enlarge our knowledge and also help us to see more about the world.
2．If you intend ________ (try) expanding your sleep period, consider giving yourself a chance to sleep longer for a full week.
3．________ her astonishment, in the school art festival next week, the quiet boy will have an opportunity to attract public attention.
4．Before graduation, students exchange presents ________ each other.
5．We spend more time ________ (study) our lessons than we do taking exercise.
6．Most students study because it's unavoidable; by contrast (相比之下), there are few students who ________ (actual) enjoy it.
7．This is the first time that he has commented ________ my clothes seriously.
8．I like the film very much. It reminds me ________ the happiest days when I was young.
9．________ of us has seen the film, so everyone wants to see it.
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
课前预习·自主学习
词汇预习·夯实基础
Ⅰ.认知词汇知其意
1．蛙，青蛙 2.喉咙，咽喉 3.在城镇中心区的，在闹市区 4.大门(口)，入口(处) 5.区域 6.出口 7.在楼下 8.奇特的，古怪的 9.错误，谬误
Ⅱ.拓展词汇知变形
1．intend 2.actually 3.negative 4.formal 5.recognise 6.base basic basis 7.aware awareness
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．说话困难 2.意识到，察觉到 3.以……为基础 4.期待，盼望 5.令某人惊讶的是
预习验收·对接课堂
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．intended 2.aware 3.throat 4.section 5.negative
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．informal 2.Actually 3.awareness 4.reminder
5．recognition 6.intention 7.It 8.practicing
Ⅲ.短语填空
1．remind; of 2.was based on 3.make a comment on
4．wind up 5.are aware of
阅读研析·合作学习
Ⅰ.框架建构：整体理解
1．①posts ②throat ③confused ④wicked ⑤comment
2．The differences between the English we learn in class and in the outside world.
Ⅱ.根据课文内容选择正确答案(细节探究)
1．A 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.B
Ⅲ.重点句型补全
1．to remind us that; rather different from
2．to buy some winter boots
3．When I was looking for the exit
要点精研·探究学习
1．①to phone ②of ③to remind her that
2．①for ②to be put ③intention
④intended to ⑤was intended for
3．①that ②as ③to be
4．①basic ②on ③at ④is based ⑤Based on
5．①awareness ②of ③am fully aware of
6．①not only; but (also) ②not only; but also ③do I feel the pains ④is competing in
7．①practising ②on ③spent ④took ⑤spent ⑥cost ⑦pay
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．remind 2.comments 3.Actually 4.negative 5.section
6．resource 7.rather 8.downtown 9.entrance 10.intended 11.recognised 12.aware
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．broaden 2.to try 3.To 4.with 5.studying
6．actually 7.on/upon 8.of 9.NoneUnit 2 单元基础知识汇总
本单元词汇
[黑体部分为重点单词]
title/'taItl/n. 题目，标题
ham/h m/n. 火腿
eggplant/'eɡpla nt/n. 茄子
pine/paIn/n. 松树
pineapple/'paIn p( )l/n. 菠萝
sculpt/sk lpt/v. 雕刻，雕塑
sculpture/'sk lpt /n. 雕像，雕刻品，雕塑作品
seasick/'si sIk/adj. 晕船的
airsick/'e sIk/adj. 晕机的
carsick/'kɑ sIk/adj. 晕车的
homesick/'h m sIk/adj. 想家的
opposing/ 'p zI /adj. (观点、意见等)相反的，相对立的
behavior/bI'heIvj /n. 举止，行为
confusing/k n'fju zI /adj. 令人困惑的
capitalized/'k pItlaIzd/adj. 大写的
unique/ju 'ni k/adj. 独一无二的，独特的
alarm/ 'lɑ m/n. 警报器；闹钟
reflect/rI'flekt/v. 显示，反映
creativity/ kri eI'tIvIti/n. 创造性，创造力
visible/'vIzIb( )l/adj. 看得见的，可见的
creative/kri'eItIv/adj. 创造(性)的
助记
①派生 sculpt v．雕刻，雕塑→sculpture n．雕像，雕刻品，雕塑作品
ure名词后缀：……的行动 或过程、结果
②派生 oppose v．反对，抵制→opposing adj.(观点、意见等)相反的，相对立的
ing形容词后缀：有……性质的
③派生 confuse v．使糊涂；使迷惑→confusing adj.令人困惑的
ing形容词后缀：令人……的，使……的
④派生 capital n．大写字母→capitalize vt.用大写字母书写(或印刷)
capitalize vt.→capitalized adj.大写的
ize动词后缀：使成为；使……化
ed形容词后缀：已……的，被……的
⑤派生 create v．创造→creative adj.创造(性)的
creative adj.→creativity n．创造性，创造力
ive形容词后缀：与……有关的；具有……性质的；有……倾向的
ity名词后缀：性质；状态；程度
type/taIp/n. 类型，种类
unfamiliar/ nf 'mIli /adj. 不熟悉的，不了解的
contact/'k nt kt/v. 联系，联络
organization/ ɡ naI'zeI ( )n/n. 组织，团体，机构
likely/'laIkli/adj. 可能的，可能发生的
subway/'s bweI/n. 地铁
highway/'haIweI/n. 公路
motorway/'m t weI/n. 高速公路
gas/g s/n. 汽油
petrol/'petr l/n. 汽油
apartment/ 'pɑ tm nt/n. 一套住房，公寓套房
flat/fl t/n. 一套住房，公寓套房
elevator/'elIveIt /n. 电梯，升降机
context/'k ntekst/n. 上下文，语境
addition/ 'dI ( )n/n. 增加物，添加物
助记
①派生 organize vt.组织；筹备→organization n．组织，团体，机构
add v．增加→addition n．增加物，添加物
（a）tion/ （i）tion名词后缀：状态，结果行为
②派生 sub ＋way→subway n．地铁
sub 构成名词或形容词，在……下面（或底下）
forum/'f r m/n. (因特网上的)论坛，讨论区
resource/rI'z s/n. 资料，(教学)资源
misadventure/ mIs d'vent /n. 事故，灾难
remind/rI'maInd/v. 提醒，使……想起
rather/'rɑ /adv. 相当，颇
comment/'k ment/n. 评论
frog/fr ɡ/n. 蛙，青蛙
throat/θr t/n. 喉咙，咽喉
本单元短语
have trouble (in) doing 做……有困难
in one's free time 在某人空闲时
wonder at 对……感到疑惑
burn down 烧毁
burn up 烧毁，烧尽
wind up 给(机械)上发条；使(活动、会议等)结束
have a frog in one's throat (尤因喉咙痛)说话困难
look forward to doing 盼望做……
get sb. doing sth. 让某人做某事
speak of 谈及，谈到
fill in/out a form 填写表格
play safe 不冒险，求稳
spend time doing 花时间做……
be aware of 意识到，察觉到
Ⅰ.单词
1．________ n. 题目，标题
2．________ adj. 独一无二的，独特的
3．________ n. 警报器；闹钟
4．________ n. 类型，种类
5．________ v. 联系，联络
6．________ n. 地铁
7．________ n. 汽油
8．________ n. 汽油
9．________ n. 一套住房，公寓套房
10．________ n. 一套住房，公寓套房
11．________ n. 上下文，语境
12．________ n. 资料，(教学)资源
13．________ n. 事故，灾难
14．________ v. 提醒，使……想起
15．________ adv. 相当，颇
16．________ n. 评论
17．________ adj. 在城镇中心区的，在闹市区的
18．________ n. 靴子
19．________ n. 大门(口)，入口(处)
20．________ n. 区域
21．________ n. 出口
22．________ adv. 在楼下
23．________ adj. 奇特的，古怪的
24．________ adj. 消极的，负面的
25．________ n. 错误，谬误
26．________ v. 计划，打算
27．________ v. 以……为基础
28．________ adj. (观点、意见等)相反的，相对立的
29．________ v．表现，举止→________ n．举止，行为
30．________ v．使困惑→________ adj.令人困惑的→________ adj.感到困惑的→________ n．困惑，疑惑
31．________ v．显示，反映→________ n．反映，思考，反射
32．________ v．创造→________ adj.创造(性)的，有创造力的→________ n．创造，创作→________ n．创造性，创造力
33．________ adj.不熟悉的→________ adj.熟悉的
34．________ n．组织，团体，机构→________ vt.& vi.组织；筹备
35．________ adj.可能的，可能发生的
36．________ n．增加物，添加物→________vt.& vi.加，增加
37．________ n．传统→________ adj.传统的→________ adv.传统上
38．________ adj.真实的，实际的→________ adv.事实上，实际上
39．________ adj.(书写或言谈)非正式的
40．________ v．认识，辨认出→________ n．识别；承认，认出
41．________ adj.意识到的，明白的→________ n．意识；明白
Ⅱ.短语
1．________________ 说起；说到
2．________________ 烧光；烧毁
3．________________ 填充；填写
4．________________ 上紧发条；使收尾；结束
5．________________ 偶然发现
6．________________ 意识到；觉察到
7．________________ 由……组成
8．________________ 与……不同
9．________________ 以……为例
10．________________ 如你所见
11．________________ 宁愿；更喜欢
12．________________ 拾起；捡起；开车接；偶然获得
13．________________ 在外面的世界
14．________________ 对……求稳；在……方面不冒险
15．________________ (尤指咽喉痛)说话困难
16．________________ (美)在一楼；(英)在二楼
17．________________ (英)在一楼
18．________________ 期待；盼望
Ⅲ.句式结构
1．“get sb./sth. doing”结构
This ________________ how English can be a crazy language to learn.
这让我一直在考虑英语学起来该是怎样一门疯狂的语言呢。
2．neither引导的倒装句
________________ pine nor apple in pineapple.
菠萝里既没有松树也没有苹果。
3．not only...but (also)“不但……而且……”倒装句
________________________， but you can also broaden your knowledge by reading posts from other English learners around the world.
你不但可以就特定的问题发帖，也可以通过阅读全世界其他英语学习者的帖子来拓展自己的知识。
4．because引导的原因状语从句
He told us that Maggie couldn't teach that day ________________________．
他告诉我们说玛吉老师那天不能上课，因为她喉咙疼痛，说话困难。
Unit 2 单元基础知识汇总
单元评价·自查自纠
Ⅰ.单词
1．title 2.unique 3.alarm 4.type 5.contact 6.subway
7．gas 8.petrol 9.apartment 10.flat 11.context
12．resource 13.misadventure 14.remind 15.rather
16．comment 17.downtown 18.boot 19.entrance
20．section 21.exit 22.downstairs 23.odd 24.negative 25.error 26.intend 27.base 28.opposing 29.behave; behavior 30.confuse; confusing; confused; confusion
31．reflect; reflection 32.create; creative; creation; creativity
33．unfamiliar; familiar 34.organization; organize 35.likely
36．addition; add 37.tradition; traditional; traditionally
38．actual; actually 39.informal 40.recognise; recognition
41．aware; awareness
Ⅱ.短语
1．speak of 2.burn up/down 3.fill in/out 4.wind up
5．come across 6.be aware of 7.be made up of 8.be different from 9.take...for example 10.as you can see 11.would rather 12.pick up 13.in the outside world 14.play safe with 15.have a frog in one's throat 16.on the first floor 17.on the ground floor 18.look forward to
Ⅲ.句式结构
1．got me thinking 2.Neither is there 3.Not only can you post specific questions 4.COZ she had a frog in her throatSection Ⅳ Writing a story about a misunderstanding in English
Step Ⅰ 文本研读
Ⅰ.框架建构：整体理解
A misunderstanding in English
Opening Last summer, I stayed with a British family.
Main body I was ①________ and shocked that I was to have a ②________ for dinner.
Result To my ③________， when the dish was served, it tured out to be ④________．
Ⅱ.文本剖析：细节探究
1．These pictures tell us a story about the author's experience of a ________________________ when she stayed with a British family.
2．Read through the pictures, and you will find there are ________ between different cultures.
Step Ⅱ Writing
[常用表达]
故事性记叙文要求把人物的经历、行为或者事情发生的经过叙述出来。
1．记叙文的语言特点
(1)以一般过去时为主，其他时态为辅。合理地使用丰富多彩的动词时态是记叙文的首要语言特点。
(2)多用动词，尤其是动态性强的行为动词是英语记叙文的又一个明显的语言特点。
(3)适当使用连接词。
2．英语记叙文的写作方法
(1)基本结构(structure)：记叙文应该具有贯穿全文的主线，即开端(beginning)、发展(developing)、高潮(climax)与结尾(ending)。文章开始要交代故事发生的时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(who)等背景因素。然后进一步向读者交代发生了什么事(what)、如何发生的(how)以及发生的原因(why)。最后，必要时加入冲突(conflict)，从而推出故事的高潮(climax)与结尾(ending)。
(2)叙事角度(point of view)：记叙文通常采用第一人称或第三人称两个角度来进行阐述。
(3)顺序(sequence)：记叙文一般是按时间顺序来叙述的，其叙述方法多采用顺叙，也就是指按照客观事物发生、发展的先后顺序进行叙述，也可采用倒叙。
[实践应用]
假定你是李华，美国留学生Jack正在中国学汉语。他觉得自己的汉语学得很不错了，但仍有些疑惑。听说今天你带他吃的是“老婆饼”和“叫花鸡”，他很吃惊，吃后却觉得很好吃。请用英语写一则故事叙述今天发生的故事。
写作要求：
1．词数80个左右。
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：小吃snack；老婆饼Wife Cake；叫花鸡Beggar's Chicken
第一步 谋篇布局
第二步 遣词造句
?完成句子
1．杰克，一名美国交换生，是我生活在中国的外国朋友之一。
Jack, an American exchange student, is one of my foreign friends ________________．
2．他汉语说得很流利。
He can ________________________．
3．但是杰克还是不太理解中国小吃。
But Jack still ________________________ Chinese snacks.
4．他喜欢中国的饺子。
He likes ________________________．
5．饺子里有他最喜欢的馅。
There are ________________ in dumplings.
6．他也不想吃它们。
He ________________________．
?句式升级
7．用定语从句合并句1和句2。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
8．用介词＋关系代词合并句4和句5。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
9．用倒装句改写句6。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
第三步 完美成篇
用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇英语短文。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Section Ⅳ Writing a story about a misunderstanding in English
写作精析·技能提升
Step Ⅰ 文本研读
Ⅰ.框架建构：整体理解
①surprised ②toad-in-the-hole ③astonishment ④delicious
Ⅱ.文本剖析：细节探究
1．misunderstanding in English 2.differences
Step Ⅱ Writing
第二步
1．living in China
2．speak Chinese very fluently
3．has some trouble understanding
4．Chinese dumplings
5．his favourite fillings
6．doesn't want to eat them either
7．Jack, an American exchange student, is one of my friends living in China, who can speak Chinese very fluently.
8．He likes Chinese dumplings, in which there are his favourite fillings.
9．Neither does he want to eat them.
第三步
Jack, an American exchange student, is one of my friends living in China, who can speak Chinese very fluently. And he thought he did a very good job in learning Chinese.
But Jack still has some trouble understanding Chinese snacks. He likes Chinese dumplings, in which there are his favourite fillings. He doesn't like the names of some Chinese snacks. Neither does he want to eat them. One day I bought him some Wife Cakes and a Beggar's Chicken which really surprised him. He thought I was joking. I spent a long time persuading him to have a try.
After eating, he fell in love with them. I like these names of Chinese snacks, which reflect the wisdom of Chinese people.Section Ⅱ Using language
1.contact vt.联系；联络 n．联系；接触
You can contact us by e mail.你可以通过电子邮件和我们联系。
Contact the Tourist Information Bureau for further details.更多详情请联系旅游信息局。
He failed to make radio contact.他未能进行无线电联络。
Doctors I came into contact with voiced their concern.
我接触到的医生都表示了他们的担心。
You must leave your full name and contact details when you phone.打电话时你必须留下全名与联络信息。
[归纳探究]
(1)contact sb. immediately/directly 立即/直接与某人联系
contact sb. by e mail/telephone 通过电子邮件/电话与某人联系
(2)make contact with sb./get in contact with sb.与某人取得联系
be/stay/keep in contact with sb. 与某人保持联系
lose contact with sb. 与某人失去联系
bring sb. into contact with sth. 使某人接触某物
be in contact with sb. 与某人联系
be out of contact with sb. 与某人失去联系
physical/eye contact 身体/目光接触
[一言助记] Are you willing to cut off the contact with the world, and then live in seclusion？你是否愿意切断与世俗的联系，过安安静静的隐居生活呢？
[联想拓展] 与contact意义相近的词：
connect v. 联系；连接 touch v. 联系；接触 link v. 联系
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①At present, it's easy ________ (contact) with each other with the help of WeChat.
②They are ________ contact with each other for five years, so they know each other very well.
③Several days ago, president Bashar Assad got in contact with Putin in Moscow.
→Several days ago, president Bashar Assad ____________________ Putin in Moscow.
④It has been several years since graduation, and I have lost contact with many classmates.
→It has been several years since graduation, and I have been ________ with many classmates.
2.likely adj.可能的，可能发生的
These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse.
这些发展可能会使我们目前的机器人电话问题更加严重。
It's more likely that none of us start a conversation because it's awkward and challenging.
因为交谈是尴尬的而且有难度的，可能我们没有人开始。
Delayed flight could happen but it's not likely at the moment.
航班误点的情况有可能发生，但在目前看来似乎不太可能。
[归纳探究]
(1)be likely to do sth. 可能做某事
It's likely that... ……是可能的
(2)unlikely adj. 不大可能的
be unlikely to do sth. 不大可能做某事
It is unlikely that... ……不大可能
[学法点拨]
“It is/was likely＋that从句＝Sb./Sth. be likely to do sth.”，意为“很可能……”，主语既可以是人也可以是物。
It is
possible和probable作表语时不能用人作主语
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Most ________ (like) his attempt will fail.
②________ is likely that you'll only have this one chance to make a good impression.
③Hospital patients who see tree branches out of their window are likely ________ (recover) at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead.
3.addition n．增加物，添加物；增加，添加
The products are of high quality. In addition, the price is low.这些产品质量很好。另外，价格也很低。
There's a postage and packing fee in addition to the repair charge.除修理费之外还有邮寄和包装费。
In addition to the tractor, we have acquired a new rice transplanter.除了拖拉机，我们又添加了一台新的插秧机。
[归纳探究]
in addition “除此之外，另外”，是副词性短语，单独作状语。
in addition to“除……之外(还)”，是短语介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。
[学法点拨]
in addition可用于句首、句中或句末，用于句首或句中时，通常用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开。
[即学即练] 选词填空/单句语法填空
in addition/in addition to
①I can post the letter for you. __________， doing some walking does me good.
②____________ the names on the list, there are six other applicants.
③____________ the school, the village has a clinic, which was also built with government support.
④In addition to ________ (swim), she likes playing the guitar.
4.come across偶然发现；偶然遇见；被理解
Perhaps I will come across him in France.
也许我会在法国偶遇他。
I came across this book in an old bookstore in London.
我在伦敦的一个旧店偶然发现了这本书。
How did it come about？这件事是如何发生的？
A new plan came up at the meeting yesterday.
一个新的计划在昨天的会议上被提出。
[归纳探究]
come out 出现；开花；出版；发表；透露
come to 合计；总共
come up with 提出，想出
come true 实现，成真
come over 过来；顺便来访
come on 快点，开始
come from 来自；出生于
come about 发生(常与how连用)
[名师点津]
表示“偶然遇见”的短语还有：
run across, meet with, happen to meet, run into, meet...by chance
[即学即练] 完成句子
①他讲了很久，但并没有人理解他的意思。
He spoke for a long time, but his meaning did not come ________．
②沿街走路时，我偶然遇到了戴维，我们已有好几年没见了。
When walking down the street, I ________________ David, whom I hadn't seen for years.
③我们需要想出具体的措施去解决这个问题。
We need to ________________ specific measures to solve this problem.
5.(教材P18)Americans live in an apartment, while the British live in a flat.
美国人住在“apartment”里，而英国人住在“flat”里。
[句式解构] while用作并列连词
该句是并列句。while在此处作并列连词，连接两个并列分句，表示对比。
while作并列连词时，表示对比，意为“但是，而”，用来连接两个并列分句。
I like tea while she likes coffee. 我喜欢喝茶，而她喜欢喝咖啡。
He is busy with his homework while his brother is playing computer games.他在忙着做家庭作业，而他弟弟在玩电脑游戏。
while作连词的其他用法：
(1)作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”。
My wife kept silent while I was writing.
当我写作的时候，我妻子总会保持安静。
(2)作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。
While I admit that there are problems, I don't agree that they cannot be solved. 尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不认为这些问题不能解决。
[即学即练] 判断下列各句中while的功能与含义
①Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.________________
②Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you're trying to get work done.________________
③While online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects are positive.________________
6.(教材P24)It's not as confusing as it seems：usually people from the two countries can understand each other from the context.这并不像看上去的那么令人困惑：通常两国人民可以通过语境互相理解。
[句式解构] “as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as...”表示同级比较，意为“和/像……一样……”；其否定形式为not as/so...as...“不如……那样……”；此结构的常用句式结构有：
·as＋adj./adv.＋as...
·as＋adj.＋a＋可数名词单数＋as...
·as＋many＋可数名词复数＋as...
·as＋much＋不可数名词＋as...
He is as nice a boy as Peter (is).
他是个像彼得一样的好孩子。
She has as many friends as Mary (does).
她和玛丽有一样多的朋友。
I can carry as much paper as you can.
我能和你搬一样多的纸。,
[即学即练] 完成句子
①但是我发现我的结果不像我希望的那样好。
But I did not find my results to be ________________________________________ I had hoped they would be.
②我读的书和你读的书一样有趣。
I have read ____________________________________ you have read.
识记下列短语
①unfamiliar adj. 不熟悉的
be unfamiliar with sth. 对……不熟悉
be unfamiliar to 为……不熟悉
②the other way round 相反地
③calm down 冷静下来
④be made up of 由……组成
⑤be short for 是……的缩写
⑥come up with 想出
⑦take the subway/underground乘地铁
⑧in use 在使用中
⑨be referred to as 被称为
主动形式refer to...as... 把……称之为……
⑩from the context 通过语境
keep up with the times 与时俱进
构词法
一、语法现象感知
①pineapple菠萝 eggplant茄子
seasick晕船的 airsick晕机的
carsick晕车的 homesick想家的
penfriend笔友 highway公路
motorway高速公路
②invisible看不见的 subway地铁
unlike不像 dislike不喜欢
incorrect不正确的
③sculpture雕刻作品，雕像
opposing相反的，对立的
harmless无害的，不致伤的
shameless无耻的，不知羞耻的
shameful可耻的，丢脸的
behavior举止，行为 confusing令人困惑的
creativity创造性，创造力
achievement成绩，成就
④rain雨/下雨 snow雪/下雪
二、语法规则理解
1．①组中的单词是将两个单词合并在一起，形成一个新的单词。这种构词法被称为________。
2．②组中的单词是在各自的词根前加了不同的________缀，如in ，un ，dis ，sub 等。
3．③组中的单词是在各自的词根后加了不同的________缀，如 ure， ing， less， ful， or等。
4．②③组中的单词的构词法被称为________。
5．④组中的单词所展示的构词法被称为________。
按照一定的语言规律创造新词的方法叫做构词法。英语构词法主要有转化法、合成法、派生法、首尾缩略法等。
一、转化法
英语中一个词由一种词类转到另一种或几种词类而不发生词形的变化，称为转化法。
1．名词转化为动词
(1)身体部位
When the famous star came in, all people eyed her.
当那位著名明星进来时，所有的人都注视着她。
Many of his friends backed his plan.
他的很多朋友支持他的计划。
I'd like to live in a room whose window faces south.
我想居住在窗户朝南的屋子里。
(2)身份职业
She nursed her husband back to health.
她照料丈夫恢复了健康。
The dog was guarding its owner's luggage.
狗守护着主人的行李。
Although I am no longer a child, mother still mothers me.
尽管我已经不是小孩了，但母亲对我依然悉心照料。
(3)地点场所
The government has built new houses to house the homeless people.
政府建了新房子给无家可归的人提供住处。
(4)工具装置
She penned a few words of thanks.
她写了几句致谢的话。
The company ships its goods all over the world.
公司把货物运往世界各地。
These oranges were boxed and sent off quickly.
这些橘子被装箱，然后迅速地发走。
(5)物质名词
These trees need to be watered.这些树需要浇水。
It was raining heavily when we arrived there.
当我们到达那里时正在下大雨。
(6)抽象名词
Their words angered me greatly.
他们的话使我非常愤怒。
[名师指津] 名词转化为动词后的发音
有些名词转化为动词时形式不变，但读音会发生变化。例如：house n．/ha s/→v./ha z/ use n．/ju：s/→v./ju：z/
2．其他三种转化
(1)动词转化为名词
Let's go out for a walk.我们出去散散步吧。
Our builds are similar.我们的体形相似。
(2)形容词转化为名词
She was dressed in blue.她穿着蓝色衣服。
(3)形容词转化为动词
Culture has furthered the advance of language.
文化促进了语言的发展。
The train slowed down to half its speed.
火车速度减慢了一半。
[即学即用] 句型转换
①We had lunch together after the meeting.
→We ________ together after the meeting.
②Let's fill the water into this bottle.
→Let's ________ the water.
③You are so fat that you have to go on a diet.
→You are so fat that you have to ________．
④Snow often falls in my hometown in winter.
→It often ________ in my hometown in winter.
二、合成法
两个单词连在一起合成一个新词，前一个词修饰或限定后一个词。
1．合成形容词
构成方式 例词
形容词＋名词＋ ed noble minded 高尚的good tempered 脾气好的
形容词＋现在分词 good looking 好看的fine sounding 动听的
副词＋现在分词 hard working 勤劳的far reaching 深远的
名词＋现在分词 peace loving 热爱和平的epoch making 划时代的
名词＋过去分词 state owned 国营的heartfelt 由衷的
副词＋过去分词 well known 著名的widespread 广泛流传的
形容词＋名词 large scale 大规模的high class 高级的
名词＋形容词 duty free 免税的lifelong 终身的，毕生的
2.合成名词
构成方式 例词
名词＋名词 silkworm蚕 bloodtest验血
形容词＋名词 double dealer两面派 shorthand速记
动名词＋名词 waiting room 候车室sleeping pills 安眠药
动词＋名词 pickpocket 扒手break water 防水堤
名词＋动名词 handwriting 书法sun bathing 日光浴
动词＋副词 get together 联欢会break through 突破
副词＋动词 downfall垮台 outbreak爆发
3.合成动词
名词＋动词 sleep walk梦游
副词＋动词 overthrow推翻
形容词＋动词 white wash粉刷
4.合成副词
形容词＋副词 everywhere到处somehow不知何故
副词＋副词 however无论如何
介词＋副词 forever永远
[即学即用] 写出下列合成词的汉语
①salesman________ ②snow white________
③warm hearted________ ④blacklist________
⑤roommate________ ⑥undergo________
三、派生法
在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。
(一)常用前缀
1．表示否定意义的前缀常用的有：dis ， il ， im ， in ， ir ， mis ， non ， un 等，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。
appear出现→disappear消失
correct正确的→incorrect不正确的
2．表示其他意义的前缀常用的有：a (多构成表语形容词)，anti (反对；抵抗)，auto (自动)，co (共同), en (使)，inter (互相)，re (再；又)，sub (下面的；次；小)，tele (强调距离)等。
alone单独的 anti gas防毒气的
Internet互联网 subway地铁
3．改变词性的前缀有：en ，de ，be ，a ，out 等。en 前缀通常加在形容词或名词前构成动词；de 前缀通常加在名词之前构成动词，其意义大多和原名词相反； be 前缀可加在名词或形容词前构成动词；a 前缀常加在名词或描述性动词之前，构成形容词或副词；out 前缀可加在名词之前构成形容词，加在动词之前构成名词。
courage n．勇气→encourage vt.鼓励
value n．价值→devalue vt.降低……的价值
(二)常用后缀
1．名词后缀
形式 意义 例词
age 表状态、性质 shortage(缺乏)
ance/ ence 指行为、状态 performance(演出)，preference(偏爱)
dom 指性质、状态 freedom(自由)
ee 表某物的承受者 employee(雇员)，trainee(实习生)
er/ or 指人的身份 worker(工人)，bachelor(单身汉)
ess 表示女性 hostess(女主人)
ese 表示国籍 Chinese(中国人)
hood 表身份、性质 neighborhood(邻里)，manhood(男子气概)
ian 指人的身份 musician(音乐家)
ion/ tion 表情况、状态 fashion(时髦)，tradition(传统)
ist 从事……的人 dentist(牙科医生)
ment 指行为、状态 amusement(娱乐)
ness 表状态、性质 kindness(仁慈)
ship 表状态、技能 hardship(苦难)，workmanship(工艺)
2.形容词后缀
形式 意义 例词
al 具有……性质的 personal(个人的)，regional(地区的)
en 有……性质的 golden(金色的)，woolen(毛的)
ful 充满……的 helpful(有帮助的)，fearful(可怕的)
able/ ible 可……的 readable(可读的)，accessible(可接近的)
ive 有……作用的 productive(生产的)，active(积极主动的)
ly 像某种举止/性格/外貌般的 friendly(友好的)，orderly(整齐的)
ous 充满……的 dangerous(危险的)，famous(著名的)
some 引起/产生……的 troublesome(令人烦恼的)，tiresome(令人讨厌的)
3.副词后缀
类别 例词
直接加 ly clear→clearly清楚地great→greatly很，大大地
以辅音字母＋y结尾的形容词，变y为i再加 ly happy→happily高兴地heavy→heavily沉重地
词尾为ble/le的形容词，去掉e，再加 y terrible→terribly可怕地；极度地gentle→gently轻轻地
词尾为ue的形容词，去掉e再加 ly true→truly真实地
词尾为ll的形容词，直接加 y full→fully充分地；完全地dull→dully迟钝地
词尾为 ic的形容词，加 ally basic→basically主要地，基本上scientific→scientifically合乎科学地
[即学即用] 单句语法填空
①Theme parks offer more educational things than ________ (amuse) parks do.
②Lucy has a lot of ________ (curious) about what it is like to live in a foreign country.
③The weather in Britain is ________ (change). You can find that one minute it is rainy and the next minute the sun is shining brightly.
④Sometimes unknown things appear ________ (mystery) to us.
⑤If we human beings keep on killing the wildlife, some animals will ________ (appear) completely.
四、首尾缩略法
首尾缩略法，即用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。读音主要有两种形式，即各字母分别读音；作为一个单词读音。
very important person→VIP非常重要的人；大人物
television→TV电视
Testing of English as a Foreign Language→TOEFL托福
Information Technology→IT信息技术
[即学即用] 写出下列缩略词
①the United States of America ________ 美国
②World Wide Web→________万维网
③the Voice of America→________美国之音
④Central Processing Unit→________中央处理器
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He rode a bicycle on the road and came ________ a library around the corner.
2．To make a living, he did many kinds of jobs, ________ (include) teaching.
3．She talked with confidence, even if there were a crowd of ________ (familiar) faces.
4．We are best friends, and we have kept in contact ________ each other after graduation.
5．As the newspaper reported, some people live a rich and varied life, ________ others don't have enough to eat.
6．________ the novel is quite true to life, the main characters in it are imaginary.
7．I would rather ________ (go) out tonight, if you don't mind.
8．People who work in offices are usually referred to ________ “white collar workers”．
Ⅱ.写出下列句子中画线词的词性及汉语意思
1．The cook always brushes a little oil over the top of the pizza with a brush．________________
2．The doctor advised her to take more exercise. So, to keep fit, she exercises twice a day.________________
3．There are a lot of people near the post office. Can you post the letter for me？________________
4．He was ill for some days, and the nurse nursed him kindly.________________
5．I have a balanced diet and I don't have to diet to lose weight.________________
6．I dreamed a terrible dream last night, which terrified me a lot.________________
7．He fooled a lot of people into believing that he was noble minded．________________
8．After work, the saleswoman didn't head straight home.________________
9．The middle aged woman is going to visit her mother this afternoon.________________
10．We buy a lot of imports (进口产品) in duty free shops, some of which are at a discount.________________
Ⅲ.结合构词法完成句子
1．Look out! It's a ____________________ (5米深的)hole.
2．It is commonly believed that musicians are ________ (热爱和平的)people.
3．Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his ________ (最闻名的) one.
4．They are only ________ (路人), and it wasn't connected with them.
5．The ________ (三条腿的) chair isn't suitable for a young child. He may fall off.
6．You must put your heart into studies. Don't be ________ (心不在焉的) in class.
7．The policy produced ________ (影响深远的) effects.
Section Ⅱ Using language
要点精研·探究学习
1．①to contact ②in ③made contact with ④out of contact
2．①likely ②It ③to recover
3．①In addition ②In addition to ③In addition to ④swimming
4．①across ②came across ③come up with
5．①并列连词，构成并列句，意为“而”。 ②从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”。 ③从属连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。
6．①as good as ②as interesting a book as
语法新知·对接课堂
二、
1．合成法 2.前 3.后 4.派生法 5.转化法
语法探究·核心突破
一、
①lunched ②bottle ③diet ④snows
二、
①售货员 ②雪白的 ③热心的 ④列入黑名单 ⑤室友
⑥经历
三、
①amusement ②curiosity ③changeable ④mysterious ⑤disappear
四、
①USA ②WWW ③VOA ④CPU
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．across 2.including 3.unfamiliar 4.with 5.while
6．Although/Though 7.go 8.as
Ⅱ.写出下列句子中画线词的词性及汉语意思
1．vt.刷上；n.刷子，毛刷 2.n.运动；vi.运动，锻炼(身体) 3.n.邮政；vt.邮寄 4.n.护士；vt.护理 5.n.日常饮食；vi.节食 6.vt.做梦，梦见；n.梦，睡梦 7.adj.品德高尚的
8．n.女售货员 9.adj.中年的 10.adj.免关税的
Ⅲ.结合构词法完成句子
1．five meter deep 2.peace loving 3.best known
4．passers by 5.three legged 6.absent minded
7．far reachingUnit 2 Exploring English
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
词汇预习·夯实基础
Ⅰ.词义匹配
( )1.ham A．n.警报器；闹钟
( )2.homesick B．adj.独一无二的，独特的
( )3.unique C．n.火腿
( )4.alarm D．v.显示，反映
( )5.reflect E．adj.想家的
Ⅱ.拓展词汇知变形
1．________ adj.(观点、意见等)相反的，相对立的→oppose v．反对；反抗；与(某人)较量→opposed adj.反对的；对立的
2．________ adj.看得见的，可见的→invisible adj.无形的，看不见的
3．________ n．举止，行为→behave v．举动；(举止或行为)表现
4．________ adj.令人困惑的→confuse v．使迷惑；使为难→confused adj.感到迷惑的→confusion n．迷惑
5．________ n．创造性，创造力→create v．创造，创作，创建→creation n．创造，创作
Ⅲ.补全短语
1．according ________ 按照，根据……所说
2．burn ________ 烧毁，烧尽
3．burn ________ 烧毁
4．wind ________ 给(机械)上发条；使(活动、会议等)结束
5．fill ________ 填(写)(表格等)
预习验收·对接课堂
Ⅰ.单词默写
1．________ n. 茄子
2．________ n. 雕像，雕刻品，雕塑作品
3．________ n. 举止，行为
4．________ adj. 令人困惑的
5．________ adj. 独一无二的，独特的
6．________ n. 警报器；闹钟
7．________ v. 显示，反映
8．________ n. 题目，标题
Ⅱ.短语填空
according to, wind up, burn up, look out of, burn down
1．________ Chart 1, which language has the largest number of native speakers
2．When we ________ the window and see rain or snow, we can say “it's raining” or “it's snowing”．
3．You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can ________ as it ________， in which you fill in a form by filling it out, and in which an alarm is only heard once it goes off!
4．And that is why when I ________ my watch, it starts, but when I ________ this passage, it ends.
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．我一直没有问过这个问题，直到有一天我五岁的儿子问我汉堡(hamburger)里是否有火腿(ham)。
I hadn't, ________________ my five year old son ________________ there was ham in a hamburger.
2．当做所有这些旅行时，我们会在海上晕船，在空中晕机，在汽车里晕车，但是当回到家时，我们并不会想家。
________________ all this traveling, we can ________________ at sea, airsick ________________ and carsick in a car, but we don't ________________ when we ________________．
3．菠萝(pineapple)里既没有松树(pine)也没有苹果(apple)。
________________ pine ________ apple ________ pineapple.
阅读研析·合作学习
Ⅰ.课文解构
Ⅱ.长难句分析
1．I hadn't, until one day my five year old son asked me whether there was ham in a hamburger.
[句式分析]
本句是复合句。主句是I hadn't, until引导的是时间状语从句，该从句中的whether there was ham in a hamburger是whether引导的宾语从句，作asked的直接宾语。
[尝试翻译]
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．While we're doing all this traveling, we can get seasick at sea, airsick in the air and carsick in a car, but we don't get homesick when we get back home.
[句式分析]
本句是一个较为复杂的复合句。前面是while引导的时间状语从句，后面的主句是一个连词but连接的并列句，而后一个分句又含有when引导的时间状语从句。
[尝试翻译]
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down, in which you fill in a form by filling it out, and in which an alarm is only heard once it goes off!
[句式分析]
该句中含有三个in which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词language，在第一、三从句中又分别含有as, once引导的时间状语从句。
[尝试翻译]
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible.
[句式分析]
该句中的why引导的是表语从句，该从句是由but连接的一个并列句，而该并列句的前后分句都是复合句，都含有when引导的时间状语从句。
[尝试翻译]
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Ⅲ.框架建构：整体理解
Questions Examples Reasons
why people often have trouble1.________ English how English can be a crazy language2.________ there's no 3.________ in a hamburger there's no 4.________ in eggplant there's no pine or apple in pineapple when the stars are out, they are 5.________ when the lights are out, they are 6.________ when I wind up my watch, it 7.________ when I wind up this passage, it 8.________ English was invented by 9.________， not computers, and it reflects the 10.____________ of the human race.
Ⅳ.根据课文内容选择正确答案(细节探究)
1．What question did the author's five year old son ask
A．Is there egg in eggplant
B．Is there pine in pineapple
C．Is there ham in hamburger
D．Is there apple in pineapple
2．Which of the following words does not have the same meaning as the others
A．seasick B．homesick
C．carsick D．airsick
3．The author wrote the passage by ________．
A．giving examples
B．asking questions
C．analyzing
D．exaggerating (夸大) the truth
4．What does English reflect about the human race
A．Craziness. B．Instinct (本能).
C．Wisdom. D．Creativity.
原文研读·立体透析
[词汇积累]
①pine/pa n/n.松树
②pineapple/'pa n p( )l/n.菠萝
③ham/h m/n.火腿
④eggplant/'eɡplɑ nt/n.茄子
⑤sculpt/sk lpt/v.雕刻，雕塑
⑥sculpture/'sk lpt /n.
雕像，雕刻品，雕塑作品
⑦seasick/'si s k/adj.
晕船的
⑧airsick/'e s k/adj.
晕机的
⑨carsick/'kɑ s k/adj.
晕车的
⑩homesick/'h m s k/adj.
想家的
speaking of...谈起……；提到……(引入最近谈到过的一个话题)
opposing/ 'p z /adj.(观点、意见等)相反的，相对立的
harmless/hɑ ml s/adj.无害的，不致伤的
shameless/' e ml s/adj.无耻的，不知羞耻的
shameful/' e mf( )l/adj.可耻的，丢脸的
behavior/b 'he vj /n.举止，行为
sunshine/'s n a n/n.阳光
confusing/k n'fju z /adj.令人困惑的
capitalized/'k p tlɑ zd/adj.大写的
medical/'med k( )l/adj.医学的，医疗的，医药的
wonder/'w nd /v.
惊奇，想知道
unique/ju 'ni k/adj.
独一无二的，独特的
burn up烧毁，烧尽
burn down烧毁
fill/f l/v.(使)充满；填满
fill in填(写)，填补，代替，淤塞
fill out填(写)(表格等)
form/f m/n.表格，
形式 v．形成
alarm/ 'lɑ m/n.警报器，闹钟
reflect/r 'flekt/v.显示，反映
creativity/ kri e 't v ti/n.创造性，创造力
visible/'v z b( )l/adj.看得见的，可见的
invisible/ n'v z b( )l/adj.看不见的
wind up给(机械)上发条；使(活动、会议等)结束
[教材原文]
Neither Pine① nor Apple in Pineapple②
Have__you__ever__asked__yourself__why__people__often__have__trouble__learning__English【1】？ I__hadn't,__until__one__day__my__five year old__son__asked__me__whether__
there__was__ham③__in__a__hamburger【2】. There isn't. This made me realize that there's no egg in eggplant④ either. Neither__is__there__pine__nor__apple__in__pineapple 【3】. This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language to learn.
For example, in our free time we can sculpt⑤ a sculpture⑥ and paint a painting, but we take a photo. And when we are traveling we say that we are in the car or the taxi, but on the train or bus! While__we're__doing__all__this__traveling,__we__can__get__seasick⑦__at__sea,__airsick⑧__in__the__air__and__carsick⑨__in__a__car,__but__we__don't__get__homesick⑩__when__we__get__back__home 【4】. And speaking of home, why aren't homework and housework the same thing
If “hard” is the opposite of “soft”， why are “hardly” and “softly” not an opposing pair If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions, why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same
When we look out of the window and see rain or snow, we can say “it's raining” or “it's snowing”. But when we see sunshine ， we can't say “it's sunshining”．
Even the smallest words can be confusing . When you see the capitalized “WHO” in a medical report, do you read it as the “who” in “Who's that？” What about “IT” and “US”？
You__also__have__to____at__the____madness__of__a__language__in__which__a__house__can____as__it_,__in__which__you___in__a____by__filling__it__out,__and__in__which__an____is__only__heard__once__it__goes__off 【5】！
English was invented by people, not computers, and it the of the human race. That__is__why__when__the__stars__are__out,__they__are__,__but__when__the__lights__are__out,__they__are_【6】. And that is why when I my watch, it starts, but when I wind up this passage, it ends.
【1】该句中的why引导的是宾语从句，作asked的宾语。
【2】该句中的until引导的是时间状语从句，从句中又含有一个whether引导的宾语从句。
【3】该句是由neither引导的倒装句式。
【4】该句为复合句。while引导时间状语从句，主句是一个由并列连词but连接的并列句，其中第二个分句中含有一个when引导的时间状语从句。
【5】该句中含有三个in which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词language，在第一、三从句中又分别含有as, once引导的时间状语从句。
【6】该句中的why引导的是表语从句，该从句是由but连接的一个并列句，而该并列句的前后分句都是复合句，都含有when引导的时间状语从句。
[课文译文]
菠萝(Pineapple)里既没有松
树(Pine)也没有苹果(Apple)
你有没有问过自己为什么人们常常在学习英语方面遇到困难？我一直没有问过这个问题，直到有一天我五岁的儿子问我汉堡(hamburger)里是否有火腿(ham)。答案是没有。这让我意识到茄子(eggplant)里也没有鸡蛋(egg)。菠萝(pineapple)里既没有松树(pine)也没有苹果(apple)。这让我想到英语是如何成为一种疯狂的学习语言的。
例如，闲暇时，我们做雕塑可以用“sculpt a sculpture”来表达，绘画可以用“paint a painting”来表示，但拍照时我们用“take a photo”表示。旅行时，我们说自己在车或出租车上时用in，但表达在火车或公共汽车上时用on！当做所有这些旅行时，我们会在海上晕船，在空中晕机，在汽车里晕车，但是当回到家时，我们并不会想家。说到家，为什么家庭作业(homework)和家务劳动(housework)不一样？
如果“hard”与“soft”意思相反，为什么“hardly”和“softly”不是对立的？如果无害(harmless)行为与有害(harmful)行为相反，那么为什么无耻(shameless)行为和可耻(shameful)行为一样？
当我们从窗外望去看到雨雪时，我们可以说“下雨了(raining)”或“下雪了(snowing)”。但是当我们看到阳光时，我们不能说“下阳光(sunshining)”。
即使是最微不足道的单词也会令人困惑。当你在一份医学报告中看到大写的“WHO”时，你会把它读作“那是谁”中的“谁”吗？那么“IT”和“US”呢？
你也不得不对一种语言的独特疯狂感到惊讶。在这种语言中，表达房子烧毁，“burn up”和“burn down”是一样的；表达填写表格，“fill in”和“fill out”是一样的，警报器一旦发出警报时就会被听见。
英语是由人创造的，不是计算机发明的，它反映了人类的创造力。那就是为什么星星出来的时候我们是看得见它们的，而灯灭了的时候我们就看不见了。这就是为什么当我给手表上发条时，它开始走了，而当我给这篇文章收尾时，它结束了。
1.behavior n．举止，行为；表现方式
It is necessary to reward children for their good behavior.对孩子们的良好行为给予奖励是有必要的。
Parents should teach their children how to behave well at school.家长应该教育他们的孩子如何在学校举止得当。
I hope you behave yourselves while I'm away.
希望我不在家时你们能守规矩。
[归纳探究]
(1)good/bad behavior 良好/恶劣行为
(2)behave v. 表现
behave well/badly 举止得当/不得当
behave oneself 守规矩，行为检点
(3)well behaved adj. 表现好的
badly behaved adj. 表现差的
[语境助记] She is pleased with her child's good behavior because he is well behaved at school. He behaves like a man.
她对她的孩子的良好行为感到满意，因为他在学校表现良好。他表现得像一个男子汉。
[联想拓展]
与behavior意义相近的词：
conduct n．行为
action n．行为
manner n．举止
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①My cousin Jim didn't behave ________ (he) at the party and thus left a bad impression on the guests.
②The boy ________ well at the banquet (宴会) and everyone praised his proper ________.(behave)
③As a teacher, you shouldn't look down upon those students who behave ________ (bad) in school. What you should do is help and love them.
2.confuse vt.使糊涂；使混淆
Even the smallest words can be confusing.
甚至最小的单词也令人困惑。
He looked confused. His reactions seemed very slow.
他显得迷惑不解，他反应似乎很慢。
I'm afraid I'm a little confused about these things.
恐怕我对这些事有点不解。
I always confuse Australia with Austria.
我总是把Australia同Austria弄混。
[归纳探究]
(1)confuse vt. 使困惑，打乱，混淆
confuse sb./sth. with 把……与……混淆
(2)confusing adj. 令人困惑的
(3)confused adj. 困惑的，不解的
be confused about/by 对……感到困惑
[联想拓展]
(1)与confusing意义相近的词：
puzzling adj.令人迷惑的
(2)与confused意义相近的词或短语：
uncertain adj.不确定的
puzzled adj.困惑的
unclear adj.不清楚的
at a loss困惑
[即学即练] 用confuse的适当形式填空
①It is very ________ to learn a new language.
②People are ________ about all the different labels on food these days.
③From his ________ look on his face, the father knew his poor son didn't come up with a reason why he had to stay at school all day long.
3.alarm n．警报器；闹钟；惊恐 vt.使警觉；惊动
“What's up？”he asked in alarm.
“出什么事了？”他惊恐地问道。
They were alarmed at the trade war between China and the United States.他们对中美贸易战感到忧虑。
They were alarmed to find their house burnt up.
发现房子烧光了，他们大惊失色。
[归纳探究]
(1)raise/sound the alarm 发出警报；报警
in alarm 惊恐地
(2)be alarmed at/by... 对……感到忧虑或害怕
be alarmed to do sth. 害怕做某事
[写作佳句] We've all heard that the number of confirmed cases in America is rising at an alarming rate.
我们都听说了美国确诊病例的数量在以令人担忧的速度上升。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The enemy commander was alarmed ________ (learn) that his troops had been surrounded.
②Local residents have been alarmed ________ the recent police activity.
③他们在1955年首次对核废料的问题发出警报。
They first __________________________________________ about the problem of nuclear waste in 1955.
4.reflect v．显示，反映；反射
English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race.
英语是人而不是电脑发明的，它反映着人类的创造力。
I reflect on my own good, trying to find my own shortcomings.我好好地反省了自己，努力寻找自身的不足。
She decided on reflection to accept his offer after all.
经过审慎的思考，她还是决定接受他的提议。
[归纳探究]
(1)reflect on/upon 仔细考虑
(2)reflection n. 倒影；反映，反射；深思
on/upon reflection 仔细想起来，反省起来
[图形助记] reflect的多种含义：
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She sat reflecting ________ how much had changed since she had bought the farm.
②The cat felt curious when she saw her own ________ (reflect) in the mirror.
③________ reflection he decided not to buy the house.
5.creativity n．创造性，创造力
I regard creativity both as a gift and as a skill.
我认为创造力既是一种天赋也是一种技巧。
The Internet has created thousands of millionaires, but Berners Lee is not one of them.
因特网创造了数以千计的百万富翁，但贝尔纳斯·李并不是其中之一。
Life is the source of literary creation.
生活是文学创作的源泉。
The writing of poems, stories and plays is often called creative writing.
诗歌、小说和剧本的写作常常被称为创作。
[归纳探究]
[易混辨析]
create 有目的地把原材料制成新产品，也指创造出原来不存在的或与众不同的事物
invent 通过想象、研究、劳动而创造出前所未有的东西，尤指科技上的发明创造
discover 发现了原来存在，但尚未被人发现或认知的事物
[即学即练] 用create的适当形式填空/完成句子
①He was without doubt the ________ of the Roman Empire.
②Do you have any ideas You're the ________ one.
③There is no software development without ________．
④政府计划为年轻人创造更多的就业机会。
The government plans to ____________________ for young people.
6.unique adj.独一无二的，独特的
The area has its own unique characters.
这个地区有自己独一无二的特色。
Some folk artists won't show their unique skills or tricks in public to avoid being modelled after.一些民间艺人不会在公共场合展示自己独特的技艺或技巧，以免被模仿。
No one knows for sure why adolescence is unique to humans.没有人确切地知道为什么只有人类才会经历青春期。
[归纳探究]
be unique to 为……所特有的/独特的
[学法点拨] unique表示“唯一的，独一无二的”时，不与more, most及very, rather等表示程度的副词连用；但当表示“独特的”时，可与这些副词连用。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①This kind of monkey is unique ________ this area.
②The young man made ________ unique plan for his English.
7.burn up烧毁，烧尽
The spacecraft burned up as it entered the earth's atmosphere.这艘宇宙飞船进入地球大气层时烧毁了。
He put some coals on the fire and made it burn up.
他在火里添了些煤，让火烧得更旺。
The house burned down in 1995.
那座房子在1995年烧毁了。
Then nine days later, a fire burned the library to the ground.九天后，一场大火把图书馆彻底烧毁了。
The hotel was completely burnt out.
旅馆被烧得只剩一片废墟。
[归纳探究]
burn up 烧毁，烧尽
burn down 烧毁
burn...to the ground 把……彻底烧毁
burn out 烧尽；熄灭；出故障；耗尽体力；累垮
[一言巧记] The whole family was in panic because the fire burned up everything and the house was burned down．全家人都很惊慌，因为大火烧毁了所有的东西，房子也被烧毁了。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The major part of the town was burnt ________.
②The tower, which was completed just a month ago, was burned ________ the ground last night.
③Don't forget to turn off the gas; otherwise you might burn the house ________．
④I turned on the switch, but the light had burnt ________．
⑤Let's burn ________ these old documents.
⑥The old building was burned ________ as crowds watched helplessly.
⑦It's a high pressure job and you could burn yourself ________．
8.have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难
Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English？你有没有问过自己为什么人们学习英语经常很费劲呢？
If you have trouble with a lesson, repeat it the next day.如果你对一节课没有把握，第二天要重复学习这一课。
They have problems with payment because of his budget.因为预算紧，他们在付款方面有麻烦。
[归纳探究]
(1)have trouble/difficulty with sth./(in) doing sth. 做某事费劲，有困难
(2)have a problem/problems with sth./(in) doing sth. 在(做)某事有问题
(3)have a good/hard time with sth./(in) doing sth. 在(做)某事上有快乐/艰难时光
[一言巧记]
When in trouble, you should first get out of trouble by yourself and try not to cause trouble to others.
遇到麻烦时，首先要自己摆脱麻烦，尽量不给别人添麻烦。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I have some trouble ________ (read) the letter, because his handwriting is very bad.
②If you go to school lacking sleep, you might have problems ________ your memory.
③我觉得我们很难买到票。
I think we will ________________________________________.
9.(教材P14)Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.
而pineapple (菠萝)里既没有pine (松树)，也没有apple (苹果)。
[句式解构] neither... nor ...既不……也不……，连接句中两个相同的句子成分。连接主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近一致”原则。
Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。
Neither my wife nor I myself was able to persuade my daughter to change her mind.
我妻子和我本人都没能说服我女儿改变主意。
I neither knew nor cared what had happened to him.我既不知道也不在乎他发生什么。
Neither did I know this, nor did I want to.
我不知道也不想知道这件事。
Not only John and Tom but also their sister, Mary, takes great interest in the piano lessons now.
不仅约翰和汤姆，他们的妹妹玛丽现在对钢琴课也很感兴趣。
Neither you nor I am leaving for Hong Kong tomorrow.
＝Neither I nor you are leaving for Hong Kong tomorrow.你和我明天都不去香港。
I can't play tennis, but neither can Jack.
我不会打网球，不过杰克也不会。
[归纳探究]
(1)连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数遵循“就近一致”原则的还有：
either...or... 不是……就是……
not only...but also... 不仅……而且……
not...but... 不是……而是……
(2)neither或nor置于句首时，其后句子用部分倒装语序。“nor/neither＋连系动词be/助动词/情态动词＋主语”意为“……也不……”，表示前面的否定情况也适用于后者。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Neither his parents nor he ________ (visit) his grandparents so far this month.
②Not I but my brother ________ (be) there already.
③If you don't take part in the sports meeting, ________ shall I．
10.(教材P20)That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible.那就是为什么星星出来了的时候我们能看到星星，而灯灭了的时候我们却看不到灯光。
[句式解构] That is why...那就是为什么……
He was ill. That's why he was sent to the hospital.他病了，那就是为什么他被送到了医院。
He was sent to the hospital. That's because he was ill.他被送到了医院，那是因为他病了。
The reason why he was sent to the hospital was that he was ill.他被送到医院的原因是他病了。
[归纳探究]
That/This/It is why＋结果. 那/这就是为什么……
That/This/It is because＋原因．
那/这是因为……
The reason (why...) is that
(……的)原因是……
[说明] “That/This/It is why...”中why引导表语从句，后跟结果。
“That/This/It is because...”中because引导表语从句，后接原因。
“The reason (why...) is that...”中， why引导定语从句，修饰the reason; that引导表语从句，后接reason的具体内容。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I met with an old friend on the way, and that's ________ I was late for the appointment.
②I was late for the appointment. That's ________ I met with an old friend on the way.
③The reason ________ I was late for the appointment was ________ I met with an old friend on the way.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．In part one you will see how to ________ (雕刻) the primary forms of the hand.
2．Half a month passed and I began to miss my mother's cooking and my friends, got quite ________ (想家的) and even thought of leaving university and going home.
3．It is ________ (可耻的) to kill elephants for ivory.
4．Children watch what others do carefully and imitate the ________ (举止) of those closest to them.
5．This city filled with ________ (独特的) buildings is a city for lovers of history, architecture and food.
6．The number of college graduates in a country can ________ (反映) its cultural standards.
7．You should wear something light coloured when you're cycling at night so that you're more ________ (看得见的).
8．—How can you wake up so early
—Set the ________ (闹钟) at 5：00 and you'll make it.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．We have to pay attention because researchers tell us that this stuff is not ________ (harm).
2．The instructions on the box are very ________ (confuse).
3．The manager needed more time to reflect ________ what to do.
4．The mountains are ________ (visible) because of the clouds.
5．As we all know, the plants and animals are unique ________ the rainforest.
6．A boy was drowned during the summer vacation, sounding ________ alarm on children safety.
Unit 2 Exploring English
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
课前预习·自主学习
词汇预习·夯实基础
Ⅰ.词义匹配
1．C 2.E 3.B 4.A 5.D
Ⅱ.拓展词汇知变形
1．opposing 2.visible 3.behavior 4.confusing 5.creativity
Ⅲ.补全短语
1．to 2.up 3.down 4.up 5.out/in
预习验收·对接课堂
Ⅰ.单词默写
1．eggplant 2.sculpture 3.behavior 4.confusing
5．unique 6.alarm 7.reflect 8.title
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．According to 2.look out of 3.burn up; burns down
4．wind up; wind up
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．until one day; asked me whether
2．While we're doing; get seasick; in the air; get homesick; get back home
3．Neither is there; nor; in
阅读研析·合作学习
Ⅰ.课文解构
1．crazy 2.examples 3.creativity
Ⅱ.长难句分析
1．我一直没问过这个问题，直到有一天我五岁的儿子问我hamburger (汉堡)里是否有ham (火腿)。
2．当做所有这些旅行时，我们会在海上晕船，在空中晕机，在汽车里晕车，但是当回到家时，我们并不会想家。
3．你也不得不对一种语言的独特疯狂感到惊讶。在这种语言中，表达房子烧毁“burn up”和“burn down”是一样的，表达填写表格， “fill in”和“fill out”是一样的，警报器一旦发出警报时就会被听见。
4．那就是为什么星星出来的时候我们是看得见它们的，而灯灭了的时候我们就看不见了。
Ⅲ.框架建构：整体理解
1．learning 2.to learn 3.ham 4.egg 5.visible
6．invisible 7.starts 8.ends 9.people 10.creativity
Ⅳ.根据课文内容选择正确答案(细节探究)
1．C 2.B 3.A 4.D
要点精研·探究学习
1．①himself ②behaved; behavior ③badly
2．①confusing ②confused ③confused
3．①to learn ②by/at ③sounded/raised the alarm
4．①on/upon ②reflection ③On/Upon
5．①creator ②creative ③creativity ④create more jobs
6．①to ②a
7．①down ②to ③down ④out ⑤up ⑥down ⑦out
8．①reading ②with ③have a hard time getting tickets
9．①has visited ②has been ③neither/nor
10．①why ②because ③why; that
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．sculpt 2.homesick 3.shameful 4.behavio(u)r
5．unique 6.reflect 7.visible 8.alarm
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．harmful 2.confusing 3.on 4.invisible 5.to 6.an
