2023届高三英语二轮复习：八种句子成分 课件( 21张ppt)

(共21张PPT)
第3讲 八种句子成分
八大句子成分
一句话搞懂英语八大句子成分
I saw my friend Jack dancing in the room and he was happy.
口诀助记八大句子成分:
_____________________________________________
主语
谓语
定语
宾语
同位语
宾补
状语
主
谓语
（系动词）
表语
句子是一家，八人来帮它；主谓宾表补，定状同位语。
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分
八大句子成分
主语：动作的发出者，主语表明是“什么人”，“ 什么事”，一般位于句首。
The sun rises in the east. (名词)
I am an exchange student from the UK.
Twenty years is a short time in history.
To start my own company is my dream.
Going from junior high school to senior high school is a big challenge.
The rich are not always happy.
That he isn’t at home is not true.
It is useful to learn English.
代词
动名词doing
不定式to do
主语从句
it 作形式主语
the+形容词表一类人
数词
八大句子成分
谓语：即谓语动词，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态，一般在主语后
1.简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
He practices running every morning.
The plane took off at ten o’clock.
八大句子成分
2.复合谓语：
（1）由情态动词+动词原形构成。
You may keep the book for two weeks.
（2）由助动词+动词原形/现在分词/过去分词构成。如：
Do you speak English？
They are working in a field.
He has caught a bad cold.
（3）由系动词+表语构成。如：
We are students.
注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。
宾语：动作的承受者,一般位于及物动词及介词后
He wrote a letter to me.
I have five.
We should help the poor.
I want to visit the museum.
I enjoy listening to popular music.
I think that he is fit for the job.
I find it hard to learn English.
名词,代词
todo不定式
动名词doing
宾语从句
it作形式主语
the+形容词表一类人
八大句子成分
数词
八大句子成分
宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语。 (双宾语)
He gave me some books.
Please pass me the book.
He bought his girlfriend some flowers.
↓
间接
宾语
↓
直接
宾语
贱人指物
表语：一般在系动词后，说明主语的身份、特征和状态
I’m a freshman at senior high school.
Is it yours
Three times seven is twenty one
The food tastes good.
The machine is under repair.
My dream is to be an English teacher.
My hobby is playing football.
The news is exciting. I feel excited.
The problem is that we don’t have enough money.
The war was over.
八大句子成分
名词
形容词
介词短语
to do 不定式
动名词doing
现在分词doing/过去分词done
表语从句
副词
数词
代词
八大句子成分
系动词的分类：
1. 状态系动词（be动词）
He is a teacher.
2. 持续系动词：keep, remain, stay
He always kept silent at the meeting.
3. 表像系动词：seem, appear,
He seems tired.
八大句子成分
系动词的分类：
4. 感官系动词：look, feel, smell, sound, taste
This kind of cloth feels very soft.
5. 变化系动词：become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run
He became mad after that.
6. 终止系动词：prove, turn out, 表达“证实”，“证明是”之意
The rumor proved false.
注意：系动词不用于被动语态
八大句子成分
补语：包括宾语补足语和主语补足语。最常见的是宾语补足语，一般位于宾语之后，对宾语进行补充说明，使句子意义完整。宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。即“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”。这类常用的及物动词有：make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let...
His father named him Goudan.
The news makes him sad.
We found everything in good order.
It allows people to get close to nature ./It makes us cry.
We saw her entering the room./I found my money stolen.
Let the fresh air in.
形容词
名词
介词短语
动词不定式
现在分词
过去分词
副词
八大句子成分
主语补足语：如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语成为主语，
原宾语补足语就 相应地变为主语补足语
I was elected captain of the team.
Our country will be made strong.
八大句子成分
定语：修饰名词或代词, 如果定语是由一个单词，通常要前置即前置定语；如果定语是一个词组或一个句子时，通常则后置即后置定语
Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词）
There are thirty women teachers in our school.（名词）
His progress in English made us surprised.（代词）
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）
He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）
She is the girl who sings best in my class.(定语从句)
八大句子成分
状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子, 说明动作的方式、时间、地点、目的、原因、结果、条件、让步、程度、伴随等或形容词、副词的状态特征。
He does his homework carefully in his study every morning.
Feeling tired, he went to bed without supper.
Anna had a terrible accident when she was six.
The boy is very strong and runs extremely fast.
八大句子成分
同位语：对前面的名词或代词进行补充说明，通常由名词、代词或从句担任。
Mr. Zhang, my English teacher, is very handsome.
We students should study hard.
We all are students.
He told me the news that our team won the game.
八大句子成分
英语句子成分歌（RAP）
英语句子八呀八大块， 主谓宾表真呀真实在；
补语跟着宾语跑， 定语同位语专把名词踹。
状语的位置它自由自在， 忽右忽左随心所欲摆。
浑身的毛病真呀真不少， 前后乱窜它还会加塞。
八大句子成分
插入语：对一句话做一些附加的解释，通常有to be honest , believe it or not, I think (suppose, believe---)等
To be frank, I don’t quite agree with you.
Ⅰ. 按要求找出下列句中的句子成分并写在横线上
1. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. 宾语_____________
2. Mr Li is going to teach us history next term. 直接宾语__________;
间接宾语__________
3. Soon they all became interested in the subject. 表语_____________
4. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. 定语_____________
5. The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast. 定语_____________
your pronunciation
history
us
interested
downstairs
on the motorbike
练习
Ⅰ. 按要求找出下列句中的句子成分并写在横线上
6．She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading room.
宾语补足语_____________
7．You will find it useful after you leave school. 宾语补足语_____________
8．Every night he heard the noise upstairs. 状语_____________
9．I am afraid that if you've lost it，you must pay for it. 状语_____________
10．Carol，an American teacher，will come to our school. 同位语_____________
练习
to read newspapers and books
useful
every night
if you've lost it
an American teacher
练习
II.分析划线部分的句子成分并把句子翻译成汉语。
1. Recently I have carried out a survey among the students in our class.
2. One day some of my students were talking about what they would like to be in the future.
3. Music can make our mind peaceful after a whole day of tiring work.
4. The meeting held yesterday was important.
5. Every day he was forced to work from morning till night.
6. Word came that the mayor(市长) would pay a visit to our school next week.
THANK YOU！