第一节 自然资源的基本特征学案

共华中学八年级地理上册导学案
课题：第四章 第一节 自然资源的基本特征 课型：新授课 执行时间：
主备人：周菊 审核人： 班级： 姓名： 总序：NO.15
学习目标：
1、知道什么是自然资源，以及自然资源的分类
2、了解自然资源与人类生产活动的密切联系和重要性
3、知道中国自然资源总量丰富、人均不足，且破坏严重的国情现状
学习重难点：
1、自然资源的分类（难点）
2、中国自然资源的特点（重点）
自学自测：
1．自然资源： 。
2．自然资源分为 和 。
3．对可再生资源，如果 ，并且注意保护和培育，便能实现 。而对于非可再生资源，我们应当 和 。
4．我国自然资源的基本特征是： ， ， 。
合作探究：
1.下列各项中哪些属于自然资源？
①天然气 ②羽绒服 ③金矿 ④稀土 ⑤水
⑥阳光 ⑦风 ⑧大熊 ⑨油菜 ⑩石油
2．认识和区分可再生资源与非可再生资源，完成书本P63页 活动题

3．我们对“地大物博”这一说法应该有一个怎样的认识？
4．“世界地球日”是 月 日。珍惜地球资源与每个人都密切相关。生活中，节约和保护资源并不难，对于我们来说都是举手之劳，你都有哪些行动？
交流展示：比比看，看谁讨论快，展示好。
目标自测：
1、不属于可再生资源的是（ ）
A森林 B水能 C石油 D生物
2、下列属于自然资源的是（ ）
A煤炭 B水泥 C钢材 D布匹
3、可再生资源也会变成不可再生资源的原因是（ ）
A可再生资源得到了合理利用 B可再生资源被开采利用
C可再生资源开发利用增加 D可再生资源遭破坏或污染
4、我国自然资源的基本特征是（ ）
A总量丰富，人均占有量也丰富 B总量少，人均占有量不足
C总量少，人均占有量丰富 D总量丰富，人均占有量不足
5、合理利用和保护自然资源的正确态度是（ ）
A我国地大物博，资源可以大量消耗
B人均占有量太低，发展经济必须缓慢
C可再生要不断再生，非可再生要禁止利用
D非可再生要合理利用，并不断探索新资源
6、图3.1－4漫画反映了我国某项国情基本特征，你认为 正确的是（ ）
A.我国是世界人口最多的国家
B.我国自然资源总量大，但人口众多，人均占有量少
C.要控制人口数量，提高人口素质
D.合理利用自然资源，实施可持续发展战略
7、读下列材料，完成下列问题：
材料一：漫画“所剩无几”。
材料二：我国是世界上的资源大国之一，陆地面积居世界第三位，水能、太阳能、煤炭资源分居世界第一位、第二位、第三位。但人均自然资源占有水平却低于世界平均水平，人均土地面积为世界平均水平的1月，人均水资源为1川，人均森林面积为1乃。
（1）上述材料反映了什么问题？

（2）2010年我国进行第六次人口普查，全国总人口是 亿，占世界的 ，是世界人口第 大国。随着人口的增加，我国的自然资源将更加短缺。为解决这一问题，我国实行怎样的基本国策？ 。
课后反思：
通过本节课的学习，我最大的收获是：
Unit 8 I’ll help clean up the city parks精美导学案
【课题】 Unit 8 Section A 1a-Grammar Focus (1课时)
【学习目标】1.重点词汇用法及短语动词用法。
2.学会施用“I will…”,“I would like…”等句型,向别人提供帮助。
【重点、难点】重点词汇用法及短语动词用法。
【导学指导】
温故知新
给下列单词1)-6)加上-ful, 7)-10)加上-less，并写出其汉语意思。
1)use 2)care 3) success 4)beauty 5)color
6)wonder 7)home 8)help 9)care 10)use
自主互助学习
一、自主预习
1. 译一译，读一读，背一背
1）饥饿 2）无家可归的 3）标牌 4）广告
5）创办 6）打扫干净 7）使振奋起来 8）分发
9）建立，建造 10）推迟 11）想出 12）清洁日
13) sick children 14）at the food bank
15)after-school study program 16)make a plan
2. 自主预习完成1a的任务。
二、听力导学
1. 听力前准备
1）认真阅读1b各句子，弄懂大概含义，并猜一猜空格会填什么内容。
2）看懂2a中五幅图片的内容，用英文把图片反映的内容描述出来。
3）认真阅读2b中句子，猜一猜空格会填什么内容。
2. 听录音 仔细听录音内容，完成1b,2a,2b,并核对答案。3. 重放录音，跟读录音内容。
二、合作探究
1. You could help clean up the city parks.
1)help作动词,“帮助”。help sb.(to)do=___________________.帮助某人做某事
如:He often helps me(to)study English.=____________________________.
2)help作名词，“帮助”。如:______________________. 谢谢你的帮助。
3) clean 可用作形容词，意为“清洁的，干净的”，此外clean 可用作动词，用于以下词组：
clean up 打扫清洁或收拾整齐，整理。clean out 打扫某物内部（如：房间，抽屉，箱子等）
clean-up （名词）打扫，清洁。
练一练：It’s time for you to _________________ your bedroom.
I will help you _____________ the school.
Tomorrow is _____________________day, everyone should try to do some cleaning.
2. sick和ill的用法区别
sick是形容词,"生病的",同义词是ill。区别在于sick在句中可做 语和 语,而ill只
能做 语。如:His father was /sick yesterday, so he didn't go to work.他的父亲昨天病了,
因此他没有去上班。Tom has looked after the sick girl for a week. 汤姆看顾那个生病的小女孩已经一星期了。别的,当ill意为"坏的,恶劣的"时,在句中可做定语。如:He is an ill child.他是一个坏孩子。
3.set up, establish和build的用法区别:
1) set up意为“开办,建立",主要用于组织、机构、公司、学校”等。相当于open up或build up.
2) establish意为“建立，建造，设立”，一般指建立某个国家、组织、团体等概念的东西。相当于found（建立）。
3) build意为“制作,设置装备摆设”,是一般用语,偏重动工建筑,常指制作大东西,如房屋、桥梁、道路等。试比较:
set up a school____________ build a school_____________
China was founded in 1949. 。
4. We can't put off making a plan.
1)put off"推迟、取消(会议,约会等),动副词组,后跟动词时应用其-ing形式,代词作宾语需放在put和off中间。例如:
________________until tomorrow what can be done today.今天可以做的事情不要推到明天。
Please don't put off ___________your homework.请你们不要拖延做作业。
2) make a plan 意为____________. make a plan to do sth________________.
3) 归纳关于put的词组 。
【课堂练习】
从方框中选择恰当的词组，并用其适当形式填空。
clean up, put up, cheer up, set up, come up with, give out ,put off, call up
He has a lot of work to do, so he has to _______________going to the doctor.
Could you help me _________________ these new books?
Don’t worry. I’ll help ______________your room.
Let’s _______________the sick kids in the hospital.
In the end, Grandma ________________ a good idea.
Would you please not _______________signs here?
We’re going to ______________a food bank to help hungry people.
8. I’ll ________you________ as soon as I come back.
【要点归纳】 重点词汇用法及短语动词的用法。
【拓展练习】
根据汉语提示完成句子
We can’t ________________ (推迟) holding a meeting .
He is a great man. He’d like to help _______________(无家可归)people.
He came very early, so that he could help _____________(清扫)the floor .
The football team won the game, and the football fans _______________(高声欢呼).
Suddenly he ______________________(想出了) a good idea .
They planned to _______(建立) a student volunteer project at the school .
【总结反思】
【课题】 Unit 8 Section A 3a-4 (1课时)
【学习目标】1. 掌握重点词汇、句型的运用。2. 运用语言和语法知识进行阅读并理解文章的意思。
【重点、难点】掌握重点词汇、句型的运用，阅读能力的提高。
【导学指导】
温故知新
翻译短语。
1）建立，建造 2）计划做某事
3）使振奋起来 4）推迟
5）花费……做某事 6）第77中学
7）帮组某人做某事 8）不仅……而且……
自主互助学习
自主预习
1.词汇检测：译一译，读一读，记一记
1) 训练，指导 2) 志愿者 3)elementary 4) major
5) veterinarian 6) commitment 7) leave school
8) put this love to good use
2. 认真预习3a，完成3a,3b的任务。
二、知识点拨
1. Number 77 High School is home to three very special young people.
1)be home to sb 意为“是……的家园”，to 为介词，后加名词、代词，如果跟副词如here, there 等要省略介词 . 如：（ ）He was born in London, but now Pairs is home _____ him.
A. for B. to C. with D. about
2)Number 77 缩略形式为 。
2. Not only do I feel good about helping other people, but I get to spend time doing what I love to do.我不仅对帮助别人感到愉快，而且我也开始花时间做我喜欢做的事情。
1)not only …but (also)… 意为 ，连接两个单句时，not only可以放在句首，表示强调，这时句子要用部分倒装，即将谓语动词的一部分（如情态动词、助动词do, does, did, have, has ,had等）放在 语的前面，而 but also后的句子仍用陈述句语序； 当它连接的成分作主语时，谓语动词应与but(also)后的成分保持一致，即 原则。e.g. Not only you but also he is wrong. 跟踪练习：
(1) — Do you think most of the people in Beijing can talk with foreigners in English ?
— Yes, I think so. _______ the young ______ the old are learning to speak English.
A. Either; or B. Neither; nor C. Between; and D. Not only; but also
(2) Not only Jim but also his sister _______ a few cities in the south since they came in China.
A. will visit B. has visited C. have visited D. visited
2)get to do sth 意为“逐渐做……”表示一个渐进的过程。
e.g. I get to love sandwiches now. .
3.This volunteer work takes each of them several hours a week, so it is a major commitment.这份义工每周花了他们每个人好几个小时的时间，所以这是一个重大的贡献。
each与every的用法
◎each指一个整体中的每一个，强调个体；every着重于全体的总和，强调整体。试比较：
________has a different book. （强调各有不同。）
Here child at the age of six can go to school. （侧重整体，无一例外。）
◎each可作形容词及代词，而every只能作形容词，但可与-one，-body，-thing等构成复合代词。
◎each用在代词或复数名词前要用介词of连接，如each of them, each of the boys; every不能直接跟of连接，如不可以说every of them，而要说every one of them或each of them。◎every还可以表示“每…”，后接基数词加名词，如every four weeks , every three months 等，此种结构中的every不能用each代替。
She had a rest . 她每5分钟就休息一会儿。
三、合作学习
1. 角色扮演。小组合作完成3c的对话。 2. 小组讨论完成Part4。
【课堂练习】
找出与划线部分意思相同或相近的选项。
（ ）1.The child looked sad. Let’s cheer him up.
A. happy B. make him happier C. shouted D. give a help
（ ）2. We’re going to set up a project to help hungry people.
A. start B. give up C. get up D. turn up
（ ）3. They need to come up with some ideas.
A. think about B. help… with C. think up D. think over
（ ）4. I’d like to help the kids do their homework.
A. help… doing B. help… with C. give a help D. give a hand
（ ）5. When he grows up, he wants to be a doctor for animals.
A. great man B. vet C. good doctor D. kind of animal
【要点归纳】 掌握重点词汇、句型的运用，阅读能力的提高。
【拓展练习】
单项选择。
（ ）1. Not only ______ run his machine, but _______ repair it.
A. can he; he can B. he can; he can C. he can; can he D. can he ; can he
（ ）2. Not only _______ polluted but _______ crowded.
A. was the city ; were the streets B. the city was; were the streets
C. was the city; the streets were D. the city was; the streets were
（ ）3. Not only ______ me to a meal , but also he bought me a present.
A. did he invite B. he invited C. had he invited D. he had invited
（ ）4. The two girls were very happy because _____ of them had passed the math exam.
A. both B. all C. neither D. none
（ ）5. Did you ______ much money on the car ? A. cost B. pay C. spend D. take
【总结反思】
【课题】 Unit 8 Section B 1 a-2 c (1课时)
【学习目标】 1.听力练习。2.掌握短语：run out of, take after, fix up, give away.
【重点、难点】掌握短语：run out of, take after, fix up, give away的运用及听力技能提高。
【导学指导】
温故知新
用所给词的适当形式填空
Let’s cheer _______ (they)up, ok?
I’d like _____ (visit)my English teacher tomorrow.
I’ll feel good about _______ (help)the old people.
He _____(spend) every morning _______ (do)some sports.
They plan ___________ (buy) a big house.
自主互助学习
一、自主预习
1. 译一译，读一读，背一背
1)相似的 2）修理 3）修理（短语） 4）与……相像
5）用完，耗尽 6）赠送，捐赠
2. 自主预习完成1a,1b.（必要时查查字典）
二、合作探究
1．辩一辩 take after & look like
1)take after 由于血缘关系而（外貌、性格等方面）相似，和 意义接近。如：
I take after my mother= ___________________________.我像我妈妈。
2) look like 看起来像……（多指外貌），如：He his mother. 他长得像他妈妈。
2. 辩一辩 fix，repair& mend
repair 用于建筑、堤坝、机器、车辆等的修理；fix是美语用法，等于repair; mend一般用于衣服，鞋袜等小东西，偶尔也用于道路、门窗等。
练一练：Can you my bike? 你给我修修自行车行吗？He is a road. 他正在修路。
3. run out of 意为_________________, 相当于 ______________.
I have run out of my pocket money. 同义句：________________________________________.
三、听力导学
1. 先看懂2a中的四幅图的内容，猜一猜他们的顺序；结合2a中的图，预先判断一下2b中的句子的正误。
2. 听录音内容，完成2a,2b的任务。
四、合作学习
1.小组讨论交流自主预习1a,1b的答案，并展示给全班学生。
2. 小组合作完成2c的对话练习。
【课堂练习】
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出一个意义不同的选项。
（ ）1. A. set up B. start C. establish D. set off
（ ）2. A. take after B. look after C. look like D. be similar to
（ ）3. A. give out B. hand out C. give away D. put away
（ ）4. A. not…any longer B. no longer C. not…at all D. no more
（ ）5. A. work out B. mend C. fix up D. repair
【要点归纳】
掌握短语：run out of, take after, fix up, give away的运用及听力技能提高。
【拓展练习】
一、词语释义。
（ ）1. She doesn’t have any more of it.
A. takes after B. looks out C. runs out of D. gives away
（ ）2.Have you fixed them up?
A. repair B. repairs C. repairing D. repaired
（ ）3. They take after me.
A. be similar to B. is similar to C. be similar with D. are similar to
（ ）4.Could you put up the pictures on the wall?
A. hang B. take C. give D. bring
（ ）5. Did you think up a good idea?
A. set up B. cheer up C. come up with D. ran out of
（ ）6.We are no longer students. We should find a job.
A. never B. still C. no…any more D. not…any longer
二、阅读训练
Once there was a man who had two children, a boy and a girl. The boy was good-looking but the girl was not. One day they found a mirror and for the first time they saw what they looked like. The boy was very pleased and he said to his sister, “How handsome I am! I look much nicer than you!” The girl did not like what her brother said and gave him a hard push. “Go away!” she said. Their father saw what was happening. He went up to them and said to the boy, “you must always be good as well look good.” Then to the girl he said, “My dear, if you help everyone and do your best to please, everyone will love you. It will not matter that you are not as good-looking as your brother.”
根据短文内容,判断正(T)误(F)
（ ）1. The story is about a woman and his two children.?
（ ）2. The boy looked very nice and so did the girl.?
（ ）3. The sister was angry and she pushed her brother away.?
（ ）4.The father told his son if he could be nice and kind to people and ready to help, everybody would love her?????
（ ）5. The story tells us that the most important thing for a person is to be nice and helpful to?people
【总结反思】
【课题】 Unit 8 Section B 3a-Self Check(1课时)
【学习目标】 1.在课文中加深对短语动词的理解及其用法。2. 领会助人为乐是一种社会责任感的体现。
【重点、难点】在课文中加深对短语动词的理解及其用法。
【导学指导】
温故知新 把下列词组翻译成英语。
1.使振奋 2.用完，耗尽 3.打电话 4.分发
5.安装，修理 6.捐赠 7.与……相像 8.提出，想出
9.闲逛，逗留 10.给某人提供……
自主互助学习
一、自主预习
1.词汇检测。 译一译，读一读，记一记
1）张贴，搭建 2）要求，请求 3）分发，发放 4）产生结果，发展 5）（互联网）站点 6）方法，策略 7)hang out
8) a professional singer 9) call-in 10)make money
2.自主预习3a，把文章中的短语动词找出，并下划线。
3.认真阅读3a,完成课本3b的任务。
4.自主预习完成Self Check 1的练习题，并掌握所给词的含义及其用法。
二、知识点拨
The strategies that he came up with worked out fine.他想到的那些办法获得了成功。
1）这是一个由that引导的定语从句，先行词是前面的strategies。动词短语worked out在这里作主语the strategies的谓语，意为“产生结果，发展为，结果是……”，后面不可接宾语，主语也不用“人”来充当。
I wonder how their ideas worked out in practice. 我很想知道他们的想法在实践中取得了什么结果。
2）work out 还有“算出”之意。如：I hardly __________ the math problem without his help yesterday. 没有他的帮忙，昨天我几乎不能算出这道数学题。
【课堂练习】
用所给词的形式填空。
cheer up ,hunger ,volunteer, advertisement, come up with.
1.You could ____________ in the after-school study program.
2.They even hand out _________ at a local supermarket.
3.They must __________ some ideas for solving the problems.
4.I am going to take her to the cinema to ______ her ______.
5.We’re going to set up a food bank to help ______people all over the country.
【要点归纳】
在课文中加深对短语动词的理解及其用法。
【拓展练习】
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
I’m going to have my TV set ____________(repair) this Sunday.
Kathy wants to be a ________(profession) singer in the future.
We put up some ads ___________(ask) for old clothes and books.
I came up with ideas for _________(make) money to continue my study.
Many students volunteer their time _________(help) poor people.
Now Jimmy has sixteen bikes _________(fix) up and give away the poor children .
二、把下列句子中的汉语翻译成英语。
Don’t _________(张贴) advertisements here and there.
Many kind-hearted people __________(捐赠)some money and foods to the homeless people in Japan after a terrible earthquake hit it.
On weekends quite a few students like to _________(闲逛)at sports club .
Jim __________(与……相像) his father, They are both clever and a bit quiet.
This math problem is too difficult for me to___________（算出）。
三、完型填空：
Jimmy is a schoolboy. He likes old bikes very much. Last week 1.______ was trying to cheer up Jimmy the Bike Boy. But 2.______ week, Jimmy is happy again. 3._____ Monday he told a radio interviewer that he had run out of 4.______ to buy old bikes. He also put up some 5.______ asking for old bikes and called up all his friends and told them about the problem. He even 6._____ advertisements at a local supermarket. Then he told the teachers at 7.______ about his problem and they set up a call-in center for parents. The strategies 8._____ he came up with worked out fine. He now 9.______ sixteen bikes to fix up and give away to 10._____ who don’t have bikes.
（ ） 1. A. everyone B. every C. all D. both
（ ） 2. A. that B. these C. this D. those
（ ） 3. A. In B. On C. At D. With
（ ） 4. A. money B. time C. food D. water
（ ） 5. A. pencils B. books C. pictures D. signs
（ ） 6. A. hand out B. gave out C. give away D. sold out
（ ） 7. A. shop B. hospital C. school D. bank
（ ） 8. A. this B. who C. that D. where
（ ） 9. A. have B. has C. had D. have been
（ ）10. A. child B. a child C. children D. Jimmy
四、书面表达。
当今社会上有很多杰出的志愿工作者，他们用他们的汗水诠释着他们的人生。请你联系自己的生活实际，以“Being a Volunteer is Great”为题写一篇短文。
要求：语意通顺、连贯、符合逻辑，语法、时态、格式正确，字数在60字左右。
【总结反思】
【课题】 Unit 8 Section B Reading (1课时)
【学习目标】1.通过阅读这篇文章, 学会如何向别人表示感谢。
2.学习文章中出现的重点单词,词组和句型。3.培养学生的阅读能力。
【重点、难点】学会如何向别人表示感谢及掌握文章中出现的重点单词,词组和句型。
【导学指导】
导入新课 小组讨论书信与文章的不同点，并记录下来。
自主互助学习
一、自主预习
1. 词汇检测：译一译，记一记
1）装满，填满 2）愉快，高兴 3）盲的 4）砻的 5）想像
6）关上 7）搬运，携带 8）特意地，专门地 9）（去）拿来
10）立即，马上 11)disabled people 12)organization 13)be unable to do sth. 14)support 15)appreciate 16)donation
2. 快速阅读课文，从文章中找出3a表格中要求的内容。
3. 快速阅读课文，文章中找出3个短语动词，并造句完成3b.
4. 认真预习课文，完成3c.
二、合作探究
1.You see, I’m only able to have a “dog-helper” because of your kind donation!
1) 此句中的be able to 意为 “能够做……的事”,可用can替换, can只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时（could），而be able to 能用于任何时态。
She could dress herself at the age of five. = _____________________________.
2)because of 是介词短语,表原因,后面接名词或代词宾语.because 是连词,词后常接从句.
He didn’t go to school yesterday ____________his illness.
She didn’t come to see me _________she was ill.
2. ...Who has filled my life with pleasure. (P66)……使我生活充满快乐的人。
1)本句中的fill...with...表示一个动作，意为“用……装满……”，其主语通常是人。
He filled the bag with books. 他在书包里装满了书。知识拓展：
be filled with表示一个状态，意为“装满了……”， ，其主语通常是人或物。
Her eyes were filled with tears. .
2)pleasure意为“高兴，快乐”，是不可数名词；表示“乐趣，高兴的事”时是可数名词。
__________gives me great . 读书给了我很多快乐。◎在口语中It’s pleasure. 是回答感谢的客套语。with pleasure 是回答乐意帮助别人的客套话。
—Thank you for your help. — Would you like to help me with my English?
— . — .
◎pleased是形容词，意为“自己感到高兴的，欣喜的，满意的”，指以任何方式表现出来或未表现出来的满足与快乐，在句中常用作表语，其主语为人。pleasant也是形容词，表示“使人感到愉快／满意”，一般用作定语，如主语是物，也可以用作表语。The two friends were very to see each other again.这两个朋友非常高兴再次见面。
It’s weather today. 今天的天气令人愉快。。
◎please是动词，表示“（使）高兴，满意，愉快”。Does the cloth please you? 这布料合你的意吗？
3. 辩一辩 ： carry, take, bring 与fetch
1) carry “搬运、携带”,不说明带的方向
2)take “带走、拿走”，方向：here there
3)bring“带来，拿来”，方向： here there
4)fetch“(去)拿来，请来”,方向：here there
【课堂练习】
罗列并熟记文中的重点短语句型。
【要点归纳】
学会如何向别人表示感谢及掌握文章中出现的重点单词,词组和句型。
【拓展练习】
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. There are many political and social _________(organize) in the world.
2. Your _____ (donate) is greatly appreciated.
3. This math exercise isn’t difficult. I can finish it ______(easy).
4. Everyone’s life is filled with ________(please).
5. The dress is made________ (special) for the Art Festival.
6. Liz Smith has a specially _______(train) dog.
二、单项选择
（ ）1. —I don’t know where Wenchuan County is. Could you help me?
—Certainly，let me _____ a map of China for you.
A.take B. bring C. fetch D. carry
（ ）2. The box is _______ books.
A. fill with B. full of C. filled of D. full with
（ ）3. I’m ______ at this dog.
A. amazing B. amaze C. amazed D. surprising
（ ）4. They improved the software to make ______ easier for people to use computers.
A. that B. this C. these D. it
（ ）5. Please ______ the cup _____ milk or water.
A. filled; with B. fill; use C. fill; with D. fill; of
（ ）6. I’m going to see my friend ______ is ill in bed after school.
A. which B. whose C. who D. whom
【总结反思】