初中英语专项训练 语法填空 课件 (共29张PPT)

(共29张PPT)
什么是语法填空？
语法填空一篇文章10个空，每空1分。其中，有些空有提示词的，相当于用所给词的正确形式填空；其他空是没有提示词的，需要我们填入连词，代词，介词，冠词等虚词。
在做语法填空题时，不仅应通篇考虑，掌握文章的内容和主题，而且还应合理地运用已学的语法知识（词义、词性、词语搭配、句子时态和语态、固定句型以及相关文化背景知识）得出正确结论，可以用一种“由大到小”的思路去思考答案，也就是说，可以从“篇章、句子、词汇”三个层面去考虑。
语法填空题型概述
你知道几种？
词性的定义：
英语单词根据其在句子中的功用,可以分成十个大类
首先同学们想一下语法填空中我们填入的单词有什么特点
是不是有各种词性
虚词
实词
名词(表示人或物名称的词)
名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词 .
专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing， China, the United States,等。
普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。(普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词)
普通名词又可分为下面四类： 个体名词、集体名词、物质名词、 抽象名词
考点：1.可数和不可数名词
2.可数名词的单复数
3.名词的所有格
代词(代替名词的词)
代词可以分为下列九类：
　　1. 人称代词： They are my school mates.
　　2. 物主代词： Our friends have great concern for each other.
　　3. 反身代词： Take good care of yourselves.
　　4. 相互代词：We should help each other. 　　 　
5. 指示代词： Who are these people
　　6. 疑问代词：What are you doing
　　7. 关系代词：She married Tony Harper, who is a student too. 　　
8. 连接代词：Do you know who did it
　　9. 不定代词：Do you know anything about it
形容词
(修饰名词等，说明事物或人的性质或特征的词)
形容词可分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。 1) 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot ,good ,wonderful等. 2) 叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid, alone等 .
副词
(主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或整个句子)
说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。
时间副词: soon, then, today, tomorrow, afterwards , now, 地点副词: here, there
程度副词: very, quite, rather
方式副词: beautifully, reluctantly, well
频度副词: often , frequently, always
形容词和副词的考点：
比较级和最高级
构成法 原级 比较级 最高级
单音节词 一般单音节词尾加-er，-es tall taller tallest
以不发音的e结尾的单音词，只加-r，-st large larger largest
以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音词，双写结尾的辅音字母再加-er，-est big bigger biggest
双音节词 以辅音字母+ y结尾的双音节词，改y为i再加-er，-est easy easier easiest
多音节词 在前面加more, most来构成比较级和最高级 important more important most important
动词
动词就是表示动作或者是状态的词。例如：run；work；sleep，等
动词的分类
根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为行为动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词四类，有些动词是兼类词。
动词考点：
1.动词的语态
2.动词的时态
3.动词的固定搭配
一般现在时的时候注意动词的单三形式
数词
(表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词，数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词；表示顺序的数词叫序数词。)
一、基数词
基数词写法和读法
二、序数词
序数词的缩写形式：
first—1st　 second—2nd　 thirty-first—31st
三、数词的用法
1）倍数表示法
2）分数表示法
介 词 (介词是什么 )
　　按结构英语介词可分为3类：
1．简单介词（约有70个），如：in，at，on，by，with，down，for，beside，along，across等。 2．分词介词（约15个）如：during，following，considering，regarding，judging，talking等。 3． 成语介词 （约有500个）如：out of，apart from，because of，by means of等。
　　按意义英语介词可分为3类：
1. 时间介词， 如：at, on, in, during, over, from, for, until等。
2. 地点介词, 如：at, on, in, across, to, over, between, inside, 　　　 3. 其它介词，如：by, with, about, except, instead of, due to, 　　
英语介词不可单独使用，后面必须跟名词,动名词或句子构成介宾结构等.　　　　
连词
(是一种虚词， 它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。)
连词主要可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。
1. 并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。如：and, but, or, nor, so, as well as, both…and, not only…but also, either…or, neither…nor, (and) then等等。
2. 从属连词经常引导一个从句, 如: when ,where, because, if , as, 等
语法填空解题步骤
01
快速浏览，了解大意。对于简单有把握的空，可以先填出来
02
上下求索，填出答案。根据上下文及空格前后的逻辑关系，填出正确的词以及正确的形式
03
通读全文，检查确认。特别要注意，根据文章意思，有些空是否要加入否定前缀
有提示词
这类题和咱们以前用所给词的正确形式填空做题方法基本一致，首先需要我们根据上下文，分析句子成分，确定空格所需要的词性，再根据前后文确定词形。
1. 如果要填入动词，我们需要判断到底是谓语动词和非谓语动词。
如果缺谓语动词，就要考虑到时态和语态的变化。
若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，那么我们应该填入非谓语动词，这时我们需要确定到底是to do, doing还是done的形式。
①She __________(put) on her coat and went out.
②The boy __________ (make) a model plane now.
③In this city, the streets __________ (clean) every 4 hours.
④There __________ (be) a meeting next Monday.
⑤I'm sorry to keep you __________(wait) for a long time.
⑥I'll give the book to him as soon as he __________(come) back.
put
is making
is cleaned
will be
waiting
comes
2. 如果需要填入名词，我们则需要判断是否有单复数的变化。
①Lots of ____________ (foreign) come to visit the
old town every year.
②They are having a party for his __________
(seven) birthday.
③Yao Ming is one of the most popular basketball __________ (play) around the world.
④I found something important in __________
(today) newspaper.
⑤There are ___________ (hundred) of people
dancing at the square after supper.
foreigners
seventh
players
today's
hundreds
3. 如果需要填入形容词、副词。首先，我们要确认到底是填形容词还是副词。形容词一般用来修饰名词，代词，或作表语;副词一般用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或整个句子。其次，我们还要考虑是否需要变成比较级或最高级。
①The more you eat, __________ (fat) you will become.
②He works in the __________ (big) computer company in the world.
③She looks __________ (worry). What's the matter
④The students are making model planes __________
(careful).
the fatter
biggest
worried
carefully
无提示词
无提示词的空格一般需要填入冠词，代词，介词，连词(并列连词和从属连词)等虚词。
1. 名词前面一般用冠词，代词或介词等。
①A young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water. ________ water was sweet.
②MoYan won the Nobel Prize for ________ great works.
③Besides,shopping at this time of the year was not ________ pleasant experience.
④ --- Would you like some coffee, please
--- Yes, and please get me some sugar. I prefer coffee ________ sugar.
The
his
a
with
2. 缺主语或宾语，一般填代词。
①Here are two bags. The blue ________ is mine.
②Suddenly the wall moved---________ was made of trees.
③New technologies have made _________ possible to turn out new products faster.
one
it
it
3. 并列的两个或多个单词，短语，或句子之间设空，一般填入并列连词and, but, or等。
①There are some books, a computer __________ two pens on the desk.
②He was very tired from doing this for a whole day, ________ he felt very happy.
③Which do you prefer, folk music ________ pop music
and
but
or
4. 两句之间，如果不是并列句，则很可能是主从句，因此需要填入从属连词(what,which, who, how, when等)。比如宾语从句，定语从句或者是状语从句的连接词。这种空格需要同学们根据句子结构，分析到底是什么从句，从而选择合适的从属连词。
①I like the teacher __________ can dance to music.
②People will do something __________ makes you angry .
③I want to know __________ you will go to Beijing or not next week
who
that
whether
一起做
I felt upset when I 1__________ (tell) that I would
have to leave the company. In order to find 2__________
new job to support the family, I read almost all the
newspapers 3__________ set down almost all the
telephone numbers in ads 4_________ my notebook and
tried to call almost all the companies that needed new
clerks. Not until 5__________ (find) a job in a small town
near Townsville did I calm down. My new boss, Mr. Brown, was one of my schoolmates 6__________ I was getting
along well with at school. Both of us were 7__________
(excite) to see each other and we spent the whole
afternoon 8__________(talk) about things and persons
that we remembered at school. He asked me to give
9__________ some advice on how to enlarge his present business and he was 10_________(entire) happy about
my advice.
was told
a
and
in
found
who/that
excited
talking
him
entirely
小试牛刀
A small boy and his father 1.________ (walk) back to their home. It suddenly began 2. _____________rain hard. They 3. __________ (not have) their umbrellas 4._____________ them and there was nowhere to hide from the rain, so they were soon all wet, and the small boy didn’t feel happy. For 5.________long time while they were walking back to their home through the rain, the boy was thinking. Then at last he turned to his father and 6._______ (say) to him,“ Why does it 7._______ (rain), Father It isn’t very nice, is it ” “No, it isn’t very nice, but it’s 8.________ (use), Tom,” answered his father. “It rains to make fruit and vegetables 9._______ (grow) for us.” Tom thought about this for a minute, and then he 10.________ (answer), “Then, why does it rain on the road, Father ”
1.were walking, 2.to, 3.didn’t have, 4.with 5.a
6.said, 7.rain, 8.useful, 9.grow, 10.answered
It was strange getting on a plane after being on the boat for five days. We’re now in Shanghai. We travelled on 1 (fast) train in the world. 2 goes 420 kilometres an hour! My feet felt really wobbly 3 I got off. Shanghai is really exciting and the shops are fantastic. We 4 (find) an Internet café and it was nice 5 (send) some emails home. Even the Internet cafés are different in China 6 those in England. They are 7 bigger and there are so many young people. My computer was all in Chinese so I couldn’t understand 8 . Just then a young girl 9 (sit) next to me realized and helped me put it 10 English. I wish I could understand Chinese and I think I should learn it back in England.
1. the fastest 2. It 3. when/ after 4. found 5. to send
6. from 7. much 8. anything 9. sitting 10. into