人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册Unit 3 Environmental protection 单元练习（含答案）
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Unit 3 Environmental protection 单元练习
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Elephant Conservation
Country:Thailand
This is a working vacation at a wildlife centre. Anyone can become a volunteer if he/she agrees to help the elephant keepers with tasks.
Daily tasks
Gather the elephants at 6:30 a.m. Take them to look for food in the forest. Clean the enclosure. Swim with the elephants in the lake in the afternoon. If volunteers want to relax after work, they can watch satellite television.
How this vacation helps
If these elephants hadn't been rescued, they would still be living on the streets of Bangkok. A rural environment is much better for them than an urban environment where there is lots of pollution.
Gorilla Safari
Countries:Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda
Departures:Aug.—Dec., 2—3 departures per month
Extra:gorilla permit ￡220
If you're lucky, you'll see lions, elephants and rhinos on safari. The highlight of the trip is the opportunity to see gorillas in the mountain forests. However, you must be in good health—if a gorilla caught a cold, it would be extremely harmful to its whole family.
How this vacation helps
There are only about 600 mountain gorillas left in the world as human activities have reduced the area where they can live. When you buy a permit, this will pay for the protection of the national park.
Polar Bear Watching
Country:Canada
Departures:sixty trips between Oct. 1—Nov. 19
Every October and November, groups of polar bears gather in Hudson Bay. As they are normally lonely creatures, this is unusual. The bears wait for the ocean to freeze so that they can hunt seals, so this is the perfect opportunity to see them.
How this vacation helps
If the Arctic ice cap melts due to global warming, polar bears will be in danger. We give a share of our profits to the Polar Bears Alive Charity.
Your comment
These awesome bears get all the liquid they need from their food.
1.What will an elephant volunteer do
A.Take food for elephants at 6:30 a.m.
B.Sweep the houses of elephants.
C.Wash elephants in the lake in the afternoon.
D.Watch satellite television on elephants.
2.What do we know about Gorilla Safari
A.You can find gorillas in Kenya and Canada.
B.You might get a cold in the mountain forests.
C.Visitors need to pay $220 to see 600 gorillas.
D.There are about 10 trips to visit gorillas.
3.What can we know from the last paragraph
A.Polar bears don't need to drink water.
B.Polar bears store the liquid in their food.
C.Polar bears drink all kinds of liquid.
D.Polar bears eat mainly liquid food.
B
Every year from March to October, Christian Moullec, also known as “Birdman”, takes to the sky aboard his adapted light aircraft. However, the 58-year-old Frenchman's daily 30-minute flight is not just to enjoy the impressive views, but to guide flocks of lesser white-fronted geese through secure migration paths which the birds can teach future generations.
His deed began in 1995 when he noticed the birds' declining population in the wilds of Lapland, Sweden. To prevent their number from decreasing further, Moullec tried to get the threatened species to follow him along migration routes that would protect them from bird hunters.
However, getting grown geese to follow his lead proved challenging. As young geese imitate and follow whomever they view as their parent, Moullec decided to raise the geese from birth.
To help raise funds and heighten awareness of his job to protect not just the geese but birds worldwide, Moullec often allows paying tourists to join him on the 30-minute-long flights aboard his aircraft. In addition to the trained birds flying alongside them, visitors, who come from as far as a 15-hour plane flight away, are treated to a variety of crane and goose species as well as breathtaking views of castles and cities.
He often brings his camera along for the flights, capturing photos not just for their beauty, but for what they describe. Moullec believes the use of agricultural chemicals has done harm to wild European birds, with more than a third disappearing in the last 30 years. “It's a disaster,” he said. “My beautiful images with flying birds should be used to tell this story.”
4.Why does “Birdman” always fly to the sky on his aircraft
A.To observe geese along their migration routes.
B.To follow geese through safe migration paths.
C.To take visitors to operate his adapted aircraft.
D.To make geese fly safely during the migration.
5.What do we know about “Birdman”
A.He is a nature lover.
B.He is a bird hunter.
C.He is a birdwatcher.
D.He is a volunteer pilot.
6.What does Moullec often take photos on his flights for
A.Recording the use of agricultural chemicals.
B.Showing serious damage caused by chemicals.
C.Describing his experiences with flying birds.
D.Capturing the beautiful views of birds and cities.
7.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Birdman Guides Flocks to Learn to Fly
B.Birdman Finds Birds Disappearing
C.Birdman Helps Flocks Safely Migrate
D.Birdman Protects Birds from Hunters
C
Not only does the use of plastic water bottles hurt your wallet,but it also increases pollution and wastes energy. Only 23% of all plastic in America ends up in a recycling bin, meaning over 1 billion dollars' worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year. Recently, Skipping Rocks Lab has invented a kind of water bottle called Ooho.
It is a convenient,clear water bottle that can either be drunk or be eaten. To drink it,you can either peel off the membrane(薄膜) or tear a hole in the membrane with your teeth to pour the water into your mouth. To eat it, you simply put the whole bottle in your mouth. One problem the scientists have run into is how to ship lots of Ooho bubbles without arriving with a very wet truck. However, they have attempted to package units of individual bubbles together inside a larger and thicker membrane. It is targeting large outdoor events such as marathons,music festivals,and sports events,where tons of plastic bottles are used,and frequently left behind as litter. And too much plastic is sure to do harm to the environment,which could account for the purpose of such a new invention.
The team have been working on it for the past two years to develop the technology and materials needed to produce Ooho;they have recently applied for a patent on their new advancement. The price of an individual bubble or a unit of bubbles has not been set yet,but it costs about two cents to create a unit,which is cheaper than a unit of plastic bottles. Ooho has appeared at events in London,San Francisco and Boston, and at conferences, festivals and so on.
Ooho is catching many people's attention and has raised over $1 million and gained 1,000 investors in only three days. It is mostly being sold at events at the moment to keep the consumers' interest when the production machine is running. It is quickly making a rise,so keep an eye out for the future of these bottles this year.
8.How is most plastic dealt with in America
A.It's sold. B.It's recycled.
C.It's buried. D.It's wasted.
9.Why did the team invent Ooho
A.To make a profit for a company.
B.To protect the environment.
C.To make people eat as they drink.
D.To reduce the cost of the plastic bottle.
10.What can we infer about Ooho from the text
A.It is easy and safe to ship it in large amounts.
B.It has become popular since it began to be sold.
C.It might be sold at a lower price than plastic bottles.
D.It cost the team a lot of money to develop the technology.
11.What does the author really want to say in the last paragraph
A.Ooho is going to be a success in the future.
B.Ooho is being supported by smart people.
C.Ooho is taking the place of plastic bottles now.
D.Ooho is being produced to attract more investors.
D
NOT that long ago, the world wondered whether clean energy could survive without government support. Now the question is how far it can spread. The number of electric vehicles, which was about 1 million in 2015, last year reached 2 million. In the generation of electricity, too, the trend is with the Greens. In the first half of this year, wind, solar and water power generated a record 35% of Germany's power.
Greater success is breeding greater ambition. California is proposing to reach 60% renewable energy by 2030: 176 countries have clean-energy goals. Hawaii, America's most oil-dependent state, has promised to be 100% renewable by the middle of the century. So have 48 poor countries vulnerable to climate change. This week the number of multinationals making a commitment to running their operations on 100% renewable energy rose to 100.
But not every target is helpful. To see why, consider that goal of 100% renewable energy. It makes solving climate change seem easy. In fact, though wind and solar power can generate the whole country's electricity some day, renewables still account for less than 8% of the world's total power output. Moreover, cleaning up electricity is only part of the battle. Even though gas-fired heating and cooking can be at least a big source of greenhouse gas emissions, renewable heating gets little attention. Transport policy is unpredictable, too. Carmakers may hit their goal of annual sales of 10 million electric vehicles in a decade, but battery-powered road transport, shipping and aviation are dreams. A much-quoted claim that America could rely on wind, solar and water power alone for its electricity has recently been bitterly criticized by a group of respected academics.
Most importantly, the target of 100% renewables confuses means with ends. The priority for the planet is to stop net emissions(净排放物)of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide. Putting too much emphasis on wind and solar energy and other renewables may block off better carbon-reduction paths. After decades of investment, it is wrong to leave nuclear power off the table. Carbon emissions in Germany actually rose because it chose to phase out nuclear power gradually and thus burned more coal. New technologies, such as “direct air capture” systems designed to separate carbon dioxide from the air, may in time prove vital. Likewise, greater energy efficiency could reduce emissions by even more than using renewables would.
12.What can be inferred from the passage
A.The problem of climate change will be solved by using 100% renewable energy.
B.With new technologies, Germany successfully cut down carbon emissions.
C.It is probable that ships will one day be powered by battery.
D.America is not likely to completely rely on wind, solar and water power one day.
13.According to the passage,carbon emissions may be reduced by
.
A.promoting energy efficiency
B.blocking off carbon-reduction paths
C.using non-renewable heating
D.abandoning electric vehicles
14.The underlined phrase “phase out” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to .
A.ignore B.reduce C.use D.invent
15.In which column can this passage be read
A.Fashion. B.Politics.
C.Economy. D.Education.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Ways to Reduce Plastic Waste
Plastic has been found virtually in everything these days. Your food is packaged in it. Your car, phone and computer are made from it. 16 . While most plastics are advertised as recyclable, the reality is that they're “downcycled”.
Luckily, there are simple steps you can take to dramatically decrease the amount of plastic waste you produce.
17
One of the easiest ways to keep plastic out of the landfill is to refuse plastic straws. Simply inform your waiter or waitress that you don't need one, and be sure to state this clearly when ordering at a drive-through. Can't stand giving up the convenience of plastic straws 18 . Restaurant workers will be less likely to bring you a plastic one if they see that you've brought your own.
Use reusable bags
About one million plastic bags are used every minute. A single plastic bag can take 1,000 years to degrade(降解). If you're already bringing reusable bags to the grocery store, you're on the right track. Purchase some reusable bags and help keep even more plastic out of the landfill. However, you should avoid those bags made from nylon or polyester(聚酯纤维). 19 .
Use matches
20 , if you need to light a candle, build a campfire or start a fire for any other reason. These cheap plastic devices can sit in landfills for years and have been even found in dead birds' stomachs. If you can't bear to part with your lighter, pick up a refillable metal one to help cut down on waste.
A.Say no to plastic straws
B.Choose cotton ones instead
C.Don't use plastic containers
D.Choose matches instead of plastic lighters
E.Most restaurants will have no problem with it
F.And you might even chew it daily in the form of gum
G.Purchase a reusable stainless steel or glass drinking straw
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I'd planned to spend my weekend in the sun, enjoying flowers outdoors. But that was 21 the pair of disgusting crows (乌鸦) arrived. Out of nowhere, they had set up their base 22 in our backyard.
We first 23 our feathered enemies on Friday morning. It was early, and the sound the birds made 24 through our neighborhood. I figured they'd 25 soon. But, no. They were getting louder and probably 26 my neighbors nearly as much as us with the noise. I admit I got a little 27 .
Then, on Sunday afternoon, I saw our dog Quatchi staring at something on the ground. I went to 28 and found a small coal-black bird in the grass. Its eyes were milky, and it stayed perfectly 29 as my dog walked towards it.
Only when Quatchi 30 its head with his nose did it walk away. I 31 the dog inside and came back with my camera.
It never occurred to me that the young would be hanging out on the ground, growing and gaining 32 as its parents guarded it from above. The second I saw this little creature I 33 the crows.
To be honest, I've never been much of a bird person. And I wish they'd chosen another backyard. But I'm also 34 that I got to see this little bit of nature unfold up close. It's pretty amazing.
The experience has also 35 my desire to create a beautiful backyard garden that attracts lots of bees, butterflies, and yes, birds. They are welcome here.
21.A.after B.when C.until D.before
22.A.organization B.camp
C.business D.trap
23.A.accepted B.drove
C.discovered D.invited
24.A.traveled B.flew C.ran D.flowed
25.A.sing B.fight
C.fall down D.quiet down
26.A.attracting B.annoying
C.frightening D.amusing
27.A.excited B.amazed C.curious D.desperate
28.A.prevent B.defend C.explore D.assist
29.A.cold B.enthusiastic
C.still D.friendly
30.A.touched B.threw
C.pointed D.connected
31.A.awarded B.locked C.praised D.fed
32.A.strength B.pity C.advantage D.freedom
33.A.hated B.respected C.admired D.forgave
34.A.pitiful B.grateful C.painful D.careful
35.A.discouraged B.ensured
C.strengthened D.proved
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese scientists have developed a kind of plastic that degrades in sea water and could help slow down the 36 (increase) serious plastic pollution in the ocean.
The new plastic can degrade in sea water over a period ranging from a few days to several hundred days, 37 (leave) small parts that cause no pollution, said Wang Gexia, 38 is a senior engineer.
For a long time, people focused 39 white pollution on land. Plastic pollution in the sea only caught people's attention when more and more 40 (report) about marine animals dying from it appeared in recent years.
Scientists combined water dissolution and biodegradation processes 41 (design) and invent 42 new plastic.
The research 43 (select) as one of the winning projects at a contest. The contest encouraged young Chinese scientists to develop groundbreaking technologies and was intended to inspire creativity.
China has given top attention to 44 (environment) protection, contributing Chinese wisdom to 45 (resolve) global pollution problems.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假如你是李华,学校最近要组织一次英语演讲比赛,主题为“垃圾分类益处多”。请你根据此话题写一篇演讲稿。要点如下:
1.你的观点;
2.你的建议。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:垃圾分类garbage classification
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Sam and I had been paired up through a mentoring(辅导)program when he was a first grader.As a former teacher, I missed making an impact on young people, so as soon as I heard of this program for at-risk school kids, I signed up.
At first, it didn't seem as if the two of us were a good match. Sam hardly looked at me; he barely spoke or smiled.I tried everything to engage his attention. Nothing worked. Week after week, I'd drive for 30 minutes to the school, only to sit with a little boy who didn't seem to care whether I was there or not. I was so frustrated (受挫的).
One day, I noticed Sam wearing an Iron Man shirt. The next week, I brought a board game (棋类游戏)featuring Iron Man characters.When I opened the box, he was attracted. He joined me and played the game with me. As I was leaving that day, he looked up at me and said, “See you next week.”
He and I built our relationship from there.I would spend my Friday lunch period with him, talking, playing games and just being a friend. Little by little, he opened up to me about his home life. His dad wasn't around. His mother supported the family by working nights at a local factory, so Sam's older sibling took care of him most of the time.
Right then and there, I wished to make sure the two of us always kept in touch—even after the program ended. Now it would be our last Friday lunch together. How could I make sure we had a great meal and he would still remember me
So I looked for some inspiration for a perfect gift for him, the gift Sam would enjoy holding on to. On Wednesday, I was watching TV and a fast-food restaurant commercial came on, advertising the toy that came in the kids' meals—a small Iron Man toy.
注意: 续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
Suddenly it hit me: Here was the idea I'd been looking for!
Paragraph 2:
At the school, I sat down with Sam and handed him the bag.
参考答案与解析
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A
语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文。文章针对几个保护野生动物的活动做了简单的介绍。
1.B 细节理解题。根据文章Daily tasks中的“Clean the enclosure.”可知,志愿者要负责清理大象的住所,故选B。由该部分中的“Gather the elephants at 6:30 a.m. Take them to look for food in the forest. (早上6点半把大象集中在一起,带它们去森林里觅食。)”可知,A项“早晨6点半给大象拿食物”与之不符;C项“下午在湖里给大象洗澡”和“Swim with the elephants in the lake in the afternoon. (下午和大象一起在湖里游泳。)”不符;D项“在大象上看卫星电视”与“If volunteers want to relax after work, they can watch satellite television. (如果志愿者下班之后想放松,可以看卫星电视。)”不符。
2.D 细节理解题。从文章Gorilla Safari中的“Aug.—Dec., 2—3 departures per month”可知大约有10次去观赏大猩猩的行程。由该部分中的“Countries: Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda”可知,A项“你可以在肯尼亚和加拿大发现大猩猩”中的“加拿大”不正确;由“However, you must be in good health—if a gorilla caught a cold, it would be extremely harmful to its whole family. (然而,你一定要身体健康——如果一只大猩猩得了感冒,这对它的全家是极为有害的。)”可知,B项“你可能在山林中得感冒”不正确;根据“gorilla permit ￡220”可知看大猩猩的费用是220英镑,而不是C项中的“220美元”。因此选D。
3.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知,北极熊不需要喝水,它所需的液体都是从食物中获得的。B项“北极熊把液体储存在食物中”,C项“北极熊喝各种液体”和D项“北极熊主要吃液体食物”都与最后一段的描述不符。故选A。
B
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了法国的“鸟人”驾驶轻型飞机引领小白额雁沿着安全的迁徙路径飞行,他还带着游客一起体验这样的旅行,目的是让人们意识到人类活动对鸟类生存产生了巨大的影响,使鸟类数量锐减,希望人们共同保护鸟类。
4.D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的but to guide flocks of lesser white-fronted geese through secure migration paths which the birds can teach future generations可知,“鸟人”是为了引领小白额雁安全迁徙。由第二段第二句To prevent their number from decreasing further, Moullec tried to get the threatened species to follow him along migration routes that would protect them from bird hunters.可知,A项中的observe“观察”与B项中的follow“跟随”均与文章描述不符;根据第四段最后一句中的are treated to a variety of crane and goose species as well as breathtaking views of castles and cities可知,游客乘坐他的轻型飞机来看鸟和景色,C项中的operate“操作”与文章描述不符。故D项正确。
5.A 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知,“鸟人”驾驶轻型飞机引领小白额雁沿着安全的迁徙路径飞行,他还带着游客一起体验这样的旅行,目的是希望人们共同保护鸟类,由此可知,“鸟人”是一个热爱自然的人。B项“他是个捕鸟者”、C项“他是个观鸟者”及D项“他是一名志愿飞行员”均与文章描述不符。故A项正确。
6.B 细节理解题。根据第五段首句He often brings his camera along for the flights, capturing photos not just for their beauty, but for what they describe.可知,“鸟人”拍照是为了呈现这些照片反映的问题,也就是后面提到的农药导致了鸟类的数量减少。A项“记录农用化学品的使用”、C项“描述他与飞鸟的经历”及D项“拍摄鸟类和城市的美丽景色”均与文章描述不符。故B项正确。
7.C 主旨大意题。根据第一段尾句However, the 58-year-old Frenchman's daily 30-minute flight is not just to enjoy the impressive views, but to guide flocks of lesser white-fronted geese through secure migration paths which the birds can teach future generations.可知,本文主要讲述了“鸟人”驾驶轻型飞机飞行不是为了欣赏美景,而是为了引领小白额雁沿着安全的迁徙路径飞行。A项“鸟人引导鸟群学习飞行”、B项“鸟人发现鸟在消失”和D项“鸟人保护鸟类免受猎人的伤害”文章都有提及,但都不是主要内容。故C项正确。
C
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。塑料瓶的使用不但浪费金钱,还造成环境污染,Skipping Rocks Lab发明了一种可以食用的水瓶Ooho。本文介绍了Ooho的使用方法、运输方法以及制作成本等,并展望了其市场前景。
8.D 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知,在美国只有23%的塑料最终到了回收箱,这意味着每年有价值超过10亿美元的塑料被视为垃圾。据此可知,在美国,大部分塑料被浪费了,故D项正确。
9.B 细节理解题。根据第二段尾句可知,由于使用太多的塑料对环境有害,Skipping Rocks Lab发明了一种可以食用的包装材料Ooho以保护环境,故B项正确。
10.C 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知,该产品的制造成本比塑料瓶低,据此可推知,该产品的售价也可能比塑料瓶低,故C项正确;由第二段中的One problem the scientists have run into is how to ship lots of Ooho bubbles without arriving with a very wet truck.可以判断,Ooho的运输还是个问题,所以A项错误;B、D两项的内容在文中没有提及。
11.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知,Ooho吸引了很多人的注意,在三天时间内就得到了1,000位投资者的投资,筹集到100多万美元;再结合最后一段最后一句可推知,作者在最后一段想要表达的是在未来Ooho一定能获得成功,故A项正确。文章第二段最后一句已经点明了为什么生产Ooho,D项表述是错误的。
D
语篇解读 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了人类的主要目标是遏制碳排放,而不是实现百分百再生能源。再生能源对环保和经济产生了诸多的影响
12.D 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“A much-quoted claim that America could rely on wind, solar and water power alone for its electricity has recently been bitterly criticized by a group of respected academics.(一种经常被引用的说法,即美国可以只依靠风力、太阳能和水力发电,最近遭到了一群受人尊敬的高校科研人员的严厉批评。)”可知,美国不可能完全依靠风力、太阳能和水力发电,故选D。由最后一段的大意可知A项错误;由最后一段倒数第三句可知,德国在减少碳排放方面并未取得成功,B项错误;由第三段倒数第二句可知C项错误。
13.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Likewise, greater energy efficiency could reduce emissions by even more than using renewables would.(同样,更高的能源效率可以降低排放量,甚至多于通过使用可再生能源减少的排放量。)”可知提高能源效率可以减少碳排放。故选A。
14.B 词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的“Carbon emissions in Germany actually rose”以及“thus burned more coal”可知,德国的碳排放量实际上上升了,因为它选择逐步淘汰核能,因此燃烧了更多的煤炭。此处phase out和后面的more对立,所以这里是“减少”。故选B。
15.C 推理判断题。文章主要介绍了人类的主要目标是遏制碳排放,而不是实现百分百再生能源。再生能源对环保和经济产生了诸多影响。由此判断出文章来源于经济专栏,故选C。
第二节
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何减少塑料垃圾给出了几条建议。
16.F 本段意在说明塑料在日常生活中随处可见,并举出了食品包装等例子。据此可判断空处应该与前几句是并列或递进关系,也是说塑料的存在形式,F项提到一种塑料的形式,即口香糖,符合文意,故选F。
17.A 根据文章结构可知,此处为该段的小标题。由全段内容可知,这里讲的是塑料吸管(plastic straws)的问题。故答案为A。
18.G 空处所在段讲的是拒绝使用塑料吸管。空处上句的意思是“忍受不了放弃塑料吸管带来的便利 ”,空处下句表示“如果餐厅工作人员看到你带了自己的(吸管),他们就不太可能会给你一根塑料吸管。”据此可确定这里建议读者自己带吸管,故选G。
19.B 空处所在段的小标题表示“使用能重复使用的袋子”,空处上句是说不要使用尼龙或聚酯纤维材质的袋子。结合选项可确定这里要讲提倡使用的袋子,故选B。
20.D 由空处所在段的小标题判断,该段讲的是关于火柴的问题。分析各选项可知,只有D项(选择火柴而不是塑料打火机)与之相符,故答案为D。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己对在后院安家的乌鸦从讨厌到怜爱的态度转变过程。
21.D 考查连词。句意: 我本打算在阳光下度过周末,在户外赏花。但那是在那对讨厌的乌鸦到来之前。 after在……之后;when当……时候;until直到……为止;before在……之前。根据后面的语境可知,作者在乌鸦来之前心情极好,故选D。
22.B 考查名词。此处指它们在我们的后院建立了它们的大本营。organization组织;camp营地;business生意,商业;trap陷阱。根据后面的内容可知,乌鸦在他们家的后院定居下来,即建立了营地,故选B。
23.C 考查动词。句意:我们第一次发现这些有羽毛的敌人是在星期五早上。 accept接受;drive开车;discover发现;invite邀请。根据语境可知,此处是指作者第一次发现乌鸦,故选C。
24.A 考查动词。句意:时间还早,鸟发出的叫声穿过我们的街区。 travel传播,旅行;fly飞行;run跑;flow流动。根据后面的“They were getting louder and probably 26 my neighbors nearly as much as us with the noise. I admit I got a little...”可知,乌鸦的叫声很大,穿过了街区,travel through意为“穿越,穿过”。故选A。
25.D 考查动词(短语)。句意:我以为它们很快就会安静下来。sing唱歌;fight打架;fall down摔倒;quiet down安静下来。根据后面的“But”和“They were getting louder”可知,前面是说,“我”以为它们会安静下来。故选D。
26.B 考查动词。此处表示它们可能会让我的邻居和我们一样恼火。 attract吸引;annoy使恼火;frighten使害怕;amuse使娱乐。根据本段的“...on Friday morning. It was early, and the sound the birds made 24 through our neighborhood.”可知,在周五很早的时候,乌鸦的叫声会让人恼火,故选B。
27.D 考查形容词。句意:我承认我有点绝望。excited激动的;amazed惊讶的;curious好奇的;desperate绝望的。根据上下文语境可知,作者在早上听到乌鸦那么大的叫声,是很恼火,却又无可奈何,有点绝望,故选D。
28.C 考查动词。句意:我去探查,在草地上发现了一只乌黑的小鸟。 prevent阻止;defend防御;explore探查,探索;assist协助。根据前文“I saw our dog Quatchi staring at something on the ground”可知作者看到他的狗Quatchi正盯着地上的东西,出于好奇,作者也去一探究竟,故选C。
29.C 考查形容词。此处指当我的狗朝它走去时,它一动不动。 cold冷的;enthusiastic热情的;still一动不动的;friendly友好的。根据后文“Only when Quatchi 30 his nose to its head did it walk away.”,可知,在狗走近它时,它是一动不动的,故选C。
30.A 考查动词。句意:只有当Quatchi用鼻子碰它的头时,它才走开了。 touch触碰;throw扔;point指向;connect连接。根据常识及语境可知,此处是指狗用鼻子触碰小乌鸦,故选A。
31.B 考查动词。此处指我把狗锁在屋里。award授予;lock锁;praise表扬;feed喂食。由上文狗用鼻子触碰了小乌鸦,所以作者担心小乌鸦的处境,怕狗伤害它而把狗锁起来,故选B。
32.A 考查名词。句意:我从来没有想过,小乌鸦会在地上闲逛,在父母从上面的保护下成长壮大。 strength力气;pity怜悯;advantage优势;freedom自由。分析语境可知,此处是指小乌鸦长大,有了力气,即成长壮大,故选A。
33.D 考查动词。句意:我一看到这个小东西就原谅了乌鸦。 hate憎恨;respect尊敬;admire钦佩;forgive宽恕,原谅。上文乌鸦来到作者的后院安了家,吵到了他们,他非常生气。但看到这只小乌鸦就原谅了它们。故选D。
34.B 考查形容词。句意:但我也很感激我能近距离地看到这点大自然的展现。 pitiful可怜的;grateful感激的;painful痛苦的;careful仔细的,小心的。根据上文可知,作者从来都不是一个喜欢鸟的人。作者希望它们选择另一个后院。但根据But可知,虽然作者是个不喜欢鸟的人,却因为小乌鸦的可爱,而感激大自然能让作者近距离观察到它。故选B。
35.C 考查动词。此处指这段经历也增强了我想要创造一个美丽的后院花园的愿望。 discourage阻止;ensure确保;strengthen增强,加强;prove证明。根据语境可知,此处是指看见小乌鸦的经历让作者增强了建立一个美丽花园的愿望,故选C。
第二节
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。中国科学家研制出一种新型塑料,这种塑料可以在海水中降解,并有助于减缓海洋中日益严重的塑料污染。
36.increasingly 考查副词。句意:中国科学家研制出了一种可以在海水中降解的塑料,这种塑料可以帮助减缓海洋中日益严重的塑料污染。该空后为形容词 serious,应用副词修饰,故答案为 increasingly。
37.leaving 考查现在分词。句意:高级工程师王格霞说,这种新型塑料可以在几天到几百天的时间里在海水中降解,只留下不会造成污染的小部件。该句中已有谓语动词,此处应为非谓语动词,且此处表示自然而然的结果,所以使用现在分词leaving。
38.who 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Wang Gexia,指人,且关系词在从句中作主语,故答案为who。
39.on 考查介词。句意:在很长一段时间里,人们把注意力集中在陆地上的白色污染上。focus on...把注意力集中于……。
40.reports 考查名词的数。此处指出现了越来越多的关于海洋动物死于塑料污染的报道。“more and more+可数名词复数”表示“越来越多的……”。故填reports。
41.to design 考查动词不定式。句意:科学家们将水溶解和生物降解过程结合起来设计并发明了这种新型塑料。此处应用动词不定式表目的,故答案为to design。
42.the 考查冠词。这里表示特指,指的是上文提到的科学家发明的这种新型塑料,应用定冠词the。
43.was selected 考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意:这项研究被选为一场竞赛的获奖项目之一。这里讲的是过去的事情,时态应用一般过去时;由句意可知这里表示被动,主语是The research,故答案为was selected。
44.environmental 考查形容词。句意:中国高度重视环境保护,为解决全球污染问题贡献了中国智慧。 protection为名词,应用形容词修饰,故答案为 environmental。
45.resolving 考查动名词。句意见上题。contribute在此处意为“增添,增加”,contribute...to...表示“增添……到……中”,其中to为介词,其后应用动名词形式。故填resolving。
第三部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
Hello, everyone!
I'm glad to have this chance to share some ideas about garbage classification with you.
In my opinion, the earth is home to every individual, and it's our duty to protect the environment voluntarily. By sorting waste, we can not only reduce pollution but also conserve energy, which will pave the way for the recycling of valuable resources. For the sake of our environment and life, we are expected to learn to sort rubbish and make it a habit. Every individual can make a difference and let's bring a brighter future for the planet!
Thank you!
第二节
One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
Suddenly it hit me: Here was the idea I'd been looking for! I decided to purchase the food as a treat for our final lunch and give him a gift that he could hold on to. So that Friday, I left my house early and stopped by the near fast-food place to buy the meal with the Iron Man toy.But that restaurant had no Iron Man toys.My heart sank as I heard this.After trying my luck at several other restaurants, finally, I got what I wanted.
Paragraph 2:
At the school, I sat down with Sam and handed him the bag. Sam opened the bag, and pulled out the food and then the toy —an Iron Man toy. His eyes became watery.“You know, no one knows that my favorite is Iron Man except you,” he said. “You got me this so I will always remember you.” He hugged me and added, “I'm going to keep this forever!” It's been more than a year since that day, and Sam still texts me every week.
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Elephant Conservation
Country:Thailand
This is a working vacation at a wildlife centre. Anyone can become a volunteer if he/she agrees to help the elephant keepers with tasks.
Daily tasks
Gather the elephants at 6:30 a.m. Take them to look for food in the forest. Clean the enclosure. Swim with the elephants in the lake in the afternoon. If volunteers want to relax after work, they can watch satellite television.
How this vacation helps
If these elephants hadn't been rescued, they would still be living on the streets of Bangkok. A rural environment is much better for them than an urban environment where there is lots of pollution.
Gorilla Safari
Countries:Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda
Departures:Aug.—Dec., 2—3 departures per month
Extra:gorilla permit ￡220
If you're lucky, you'll see lions, elephants and rhinos on safari. The highlight of the trip is the opportunity to see gorillas in the mountain forests. However, you must be in good health—if a gorilla caught a cold, it would be extremely harmful to its whole family.
How this vacation helps
There are only about 600 mountain gorillas left in the world as human activities have reduced the area where they can live. When you buy a permit, this will pay for the protection of the national park.
Polar Bear Watching
Country:Canada
Departures:sixty trips between Oct. 1—Nov. 19
Every October and November, groups of polar bears gather in Hudson Bay. As they are normally lonely creatures, this is unusual. The bears wait for the ocean to freeze so that they can hunt seals, so this is the perfect opportunity to see them.
How this vacation helps
If the Arctic ice cap melts due to global warming, polar bears will be in danger. We give a share of our profits to the Polar Bears Alive Charity.
Your comment
These awesome bears get all the liquid they need from their food.
1.What will an elephant volunteer do
A.Take food for elephants at 6:30 a.m.
B.Sweep the houses of elephants.
C.Wash elephants in the lake in the afternoon.
D.Watch satellite television on elephants.
2.What do we know about Gorilla Safari
A.You can find gorillas in Kenya and Canada.
B.You might get a cold in the mountain forests.
C.Visitors need to pay $220 to see 600 gorillas.
D.There are about 10 trips to visit gorillas.
3.What can we know from the last paragraph
A.Polar bears don't need to drink water.
B.Polar bears store the liquid in their food.
C.Polar bears drink all kinds of liquid.
D.Polar bears eat mainly liquid food.
B
Every year from March to October, Christian Moullec, also known as “Birdman”, takes to the sky aboard his adapted light aircraft. However, the 58-year-old Frenchman's daily 30-minute flight is not just to enjoy the impressive views, but to guide flocks of lesser white-fronted geese through secure migration paths which the birds can teach future generations.
His deed began in 1995 when he noticed the birds' declining population in the wilds of Lapland, Sweden. To prevent their number from decreasing further, Moullec tried to get the threatened species to follow him along migration routes that would protect them from bird hunters.
However, getting grown geese to follow his lead proved challenging. As young geese imitate and follow whomever they view as their parent, Moullec decided to raise the geese from birth.
To help raise funds and heighten awareness of his job to protect not just the geese but birds worldwide, Moullec often allows paying tourists to join him on the 30-minute-long flights aboard his aircraft. In addition to the trained birds flying alongside them, visitors, who come from as far as a 15-hour plane flight away, are treated to a variety of crane and goose species as well as breathtaking views of castles and cities.
He often brings his camera along for the flights, capturing photos not just for their beauty, but for what they describe. Moullec believes the use of agricultural chemicals has done harm to wild European birds, with more than a third disappearing in the last 30 years. “It's a disaster,” he said. “My beautiful images with flying birds should be used to tell this story.”
4.Why does “Birdman” always fly to the sky on his aircraft
A.To observe geese along their migration routes.
B.To follow geese through safe migration paths.
C.To take visitors to operate his adapted aircraft.
D.To make geese fly safely during the migration.
5.What do we know about “Birdman”
A.He is a nature lover.
B.He is a bird hunter.
C.He is a birdwatcher.
D.He is a volunteer pilot.
6.What does Moullec often take photos on his flights for
A.Recording the use of agricultural chemicals.
B.Showing serious damage caused by chemicals.
C.Describing his experiences with flying birds.
D.Capturing the beautiful views of birds and cities.
7.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Birdman Guides Flocks to Learn to Fly
B.Birdman Finds Birds Disappearing
C.Birdman Helps Flocks Safely Migrate
D.Birdman Protects Birds from Hunters
C
Not only does the use of plastic water bottles hurt your wallet,but it also increases pollution and wastes energy. Only 23% of all plastic in America ends up in a recycling bin, meaning over 1 billion dollars' worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year. Recently, Skipping Rocks Lab has invented a kind of water bottle called Ooho.
It is a convenient,clear water bottle that can either be drunk or be eaten. To drink it,you can either peel off the membrane(薄膜) or tear a hole in the membrane with your teeth to pour the water into your mouth. To eat it, you simply put the whole bottle in your mouth. One problem the scientists have run into is how to ship lots of Ooho bubbles without arriving with a very wet truck. However, they have attempted to package units of individual bubbles together inside a larger and thicker membrane. It is targeting large outdoor events such as marathons,music festivals,and sports events,where tons of plastic bottles are used,and frequently left behind as litter. And too much plastic is sure to do harm to the environment,which could account for the purpose of such a new invention.
The team have been working on it for the past two years to develop the technology and materials needed to produce Ooho;they have recently applied for a patent on their new advancement. The price of an individual bubble or a unit of bubbles has not been set yet,but it costs about two cents to create a unit,which is cheaper than a unit of plastic bottles. Ooho has appeared at events in London,San Francisco and Boston, and at conferences, festivals and so on.
Ooho is catching many people's attention and has raised over $1 million and gained 1,000 investors in only three days. It is mostly being sold at events at the moment to keep the consumers' interest when the production machine is running. It is quickly making a rise,so keep an eye out for the future of these bottles this year.
8.How is most plastic dealt with in America
A.It's sold. B.It's recycled.
C.It's buried. D.It's wasted.
9.Why did the team invent Ooho
A.To make a profit for a company.
B.To protect the environment.
C.To make people eat as they drink.
D.To reduce the cost of the plastic bottle.
10.What can we infer about Ooho from the text
A.It is easy and safe to ship it in large amounts.
B.It has become popular since it began to be sold.
C.It might be sold at a lower price than plastic bottles.
D.It cost the team a lot of money to develop the technology.
11.What does the author really want to say in the last paragraph
A.Ooho is going to be a success in the future.
B.Ooho is being supported by smart people.
C.Ooho is taking the place of plastic bottles now.
D.Ooho is being produced to attract more investors.
D
NOT that long ago, the world wondered whether clean energy could survive without government support. Now the question is how far it can spread. The number of electric vehicles, which was about 1 million in 2015, last year reached 2 million. In the generation of electricity, too, the trend is with the Greens. In the first half of this year, wind, solar and water power generated a record 35% of Germany's power.
Greater success is breeding greater ambition. California is proposing to reach 60% renewable energy by 2030: 176 countries have clean-energy goals. Hawaii, America's most oil-dependent state, has promised to be 100% renewable by the middle of the century. So have 48 poor countries vulnerable to climate change. This week the number of multinationals making a commitment to running their operations on 100% renewable energy rose to 100.
But not every target is helpful. To see why, consider that goal of 100% renewable energy. It makes solving climate change seem easy. In fact, though wind and solar power can generate the whole country's electricity some day, renewables still account for less than 8% of the world's total power output. Moreover, cleaning up electricity is only part of the battle. Even though gas-fired heating and cooking can be at least a big source of greenhouse gas emissions, renewable heating gets little attention. Transport policy is unpredictable, too. Carmakers may hit their goal of annual sales of 10 million electric vehicles in a decade, but battery-powered road transport, shipping and aviation are dreams. A much-quoted claim that America could rely on wind, solar and water power alone for its electricity has recently been bitterly criticized by a group of respected academics.
Most importantly, the target of 100% renewables confuses means with ends. The priority for the planet is to stop net emissions(净排放物)of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide. Putting too much emphasis on wind and solar energy and other renewables may block off better carbon-reduction paths. After decades of investment, it is wrong to leave nuclear power off the table. Carbon emissions in Germany actually rose because it chose to phase out nuclear power gradually and thus burned more coal. New technologies, such as “direct air capture” systems designed to separate carbon dioxide from the air, may in time prove vital. Likewise, greater energy efficiency could reduce emissions by even more than using renewables would.
12.What can be inferred from the passage
A.The problem of climate change will be solved by using 100% renewable energy.
B.With new technologies, Germany successfully cut down carbon emissions.
C.It is probable that ships will one day be powered by battery.
D.America is not likely to completely rely on wind, solar and water power one day.
13.According to the passage,carbon emissions may be reduced by
.
A.promoting energy efficiency
B.blocking off carbon-reduction paths
C.using non-renewable heating
D.abandoning electric vehicles
14.The underlined phrase “phase out” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to .
A.ignore B.reduce C.use D.invent
15.In which column can this passage be read
A.Fashion. B.Politics.
C.Economy. D.Education.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Ways to Reduce Plastic Waste
Plastic has been found virtually in everything these days. Your food is packaged in it. Your car, phone and computer are made from it. 16 . While most plastics are advertised as recyclable, the reality is that they're “downcycled”.
Luckily, there are simple steps you can take to dramatically decrease the amount of plastic waste you produce.
17
One of the easiest ways to keep plastic out of the landfill is to refuse plastic straws. Simply inform your waiter or waitress that you don't need one, and be sure to state this clearly when ordering at a drive-through. Can't stand giving up the convenience of plastic straws 18 . Restaurant workers will be less likely to bring you a plastic one if they see that you've brought your own.
Use reusable bags
About one million plastic bags are used every minute. A single plastic bag can take 1,000 years to degrade(降解). If you're already bringing reusable bags to the grocery store, you're on the right track. Purchase some reusable bags and help keep even more plastic out of the landfill. However, you should avoid those bags made from nylon or polyester(聚酯纤维). 19 .
Use matches
20 , if you need to light a candle, build a campfire or start a fire for any other reason. These cheap plastic devices can sit in landfills for years and have been even found in dead birds' stomachs. If you can't bear to part with your lighter, pick up a refillable metal one to help cut down on waste.
A.Say no to plastic straws
B.Choose cotton ones instead
C.Don't use plastic containers
D.Choose matches instead of plastic lighters
E.Most restaurants will have no problem with it
F.And you might even chew it daily in the form of gum
G.Purchase a reusable stainless steel or glass drinking straw
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I'd planned to spend my weekend in the sun, enjoying flowers outdoors. But that was 21 the pair of disgusting crows (乌鸦) arrived. Out of nowhere, they had set up their base 22 in our backyard.
We first 23 our feathered enemies on Friday morning. It was early, and the sound the birds made 24 through our neighborhood. I figured they'd 25 soon. But, no. They were getting louder and probably 26 my neighbors nearly as much as us with the noise. I admit I got a little 27 .
Then, on Sunday afternoon, I saw our dog Quatchi staring at something on the ground. I went to 28 and found a small coal-black bird in the grass. Its eyes were milky, and it stayed perfectly 29 as my dog walked towards it.
Only when Quatchi 30 its head with his nose did it walk away. I 31 the dog inside and came back with my camera.
It never occurred to me that the young would be hanging out on the ground, growing and gaining 32 as its parents guarded it from above. The second I saw this little creature I 33 the crows.
To be honest, I've never been much of a bird person. And I wish they'd chosen another backyard. But I'm also 34 that I got to see this little bit of nature unfold up close. It's pretty amazing.
The experience has also 35 my desire to create a beautiful backyard garden that attracts lots of bees, butterflies, and yes, birds. They are welcome here.
21.A.after B.when C.until D.before
22.A.organization B.camp
C.business D.trap
23.A.accepted B.drove
C.discovered D.invited
24.A.traveled B.flew C.ran D.flowed
25.A.sing B.fight
C.fall down D.quiet down
26.A.attracting B.annoying
C.frightening D.amusing
27.A.excited B.amazed C.curious D.desperate
28.A.prevent B.defend C.explore D.assist
29.A.cold B.enthusiastic
C.still D.friendly
30.A.touched B.threw
C.pointed D.connected
31.A.awarded B.locked C.praised D.fed
32.A.strength B.pity C.advantage D.freedom
33.A.hated B.respected C.admired D.forgave
34.A.pitiful B.grateful C.painful D.careful
35.A.discouraged B.ensured
C.strengthened D.proved
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese scientists have developed a kind of plastic that degrades in sea water and could help slow down the 36 (increase) serious plastic pollution in the ocean.
The new plastic can degrade in sea water over a period ranging from a few days to several hundred days, 37 (leave) small parts that cause no pollution, said Wang Gexia, 38 is a senior engineer.
For a long time, people focused 39 white pollution on land. Plastic pollution in the sea only caught people's attention when more and more 40 (report) about marine animals dying from it appeared in recent years.
Scientists combined water dissolution and biodegradation processes 41 (design) and invent 42 new plastic.
The research 43 (select) as one of the winning projects at a contest. The contest encouraged young Chinese scientists to develop groundbreaking technologies and was intended to inspire creativity.
China has given top attention to 44 (environment) protection, contributing Chinese wisdom to 45 (resolve) global pollution problems.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假如你是李华,学校最近要组织一次英语演讲比赛,主题为“垃圾分类益处多”。请你根据此话题写一篇演讲稿。要点如下:
1.你的观点;
2.你的建议。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:垃圾分类garbage classification
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Sam and I had been paired up through a mentoring(辅导)program when he was a first grader.As a former teacher, I missed making an impact on young people, so as soon as I heard of this program for at-risk school kids, I signed up.
At first, it didn't seem as if the two of us were a good match. Sam hardly looked at me; he barely spoke or smiled.I tried everything to engage his attention. Nothing worked. Week after week, I'd drive for 30 minutes to the school, only to sit with a little boy who didn't seem to care whether I was there or not. I was so frustrated (受挫的).
One day, I noticed Sam wearing an Iron Man shirt. The next week, I brought a board game (棋类游戏)featuring Iron Man characters.When I opened the box, he was attracted. He joined me and played the game with me. As I was leaving that day, he looked up at me and said, “See you next week.”
He and I built our relationship from there.I would spend my Friday lunch period with him, talking, playing games and just being a friend. Little by little, he opened up to me about his home life. His dad wasn't around. His mother supported the family by working nights at a local factory, so Sam's older sibling took care of him most of the time.
Right then and there, I wished to make sure the two of us always kept in touch—even after the program ended. Now it would be our last Friday lunch together. How could I make sure we had a great meal and he would still remember me
So I looked for some inspiration for a perfect gift for him, the gift Sam would enjoy holding on to. On Wednesday, I was watching TV and a fast-food restaurant commercial came on, advertising the toy that came in the kids' meals—a small Iron Man toy.
注意: 续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
Suddenly it hit me: Here was the idea I'd been looking for!
Paragraph 2:
At the school, I sat down with Sam and handed him the bag.
参考答案与解析
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A
语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文。文章针对几个保护野生动物的活动做了简单的介绍。
1.B 细节理解题。根据文章Daily tasks中的“Clean the enclosure.”可知,志愿者要负责清理大象的住所,故选B。由该部分中的“Gather the elephants at 6:30 a.m. Take them to look for food in the forest. (早上6点半把大象集中在一起,带它们去森林里觅食。)”可知,A项“早晨6点半给大象拿食物”与之不符;C项“下午在湖里给大象洗澡”和“Swim with the elephants in the lake in the afternoon. (下午和大象一起在湖里游泳。)”不符;D项“在大象上看卫星电视”与“If volunteers want to relax after work, they can watch satellite television. (如果志愿者下班之后想放松,可以看卫星电视。)”不符。
2.D 细节理解题。从文章Gorilla Safari中的“Aug.—Dec., 2—3 departures per month”可知大约有10次去观赏大猩猩的行程。由该部分中的“Countries: Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda”可知,A项“你可以在肯尼亚和加拿大发现大猩猩”中的“加拿大”不正确;由“However, you must be in good health—if a gorilla caught a cold, it would be extremely harmful to its whole family. (然而,你一定要身体健康——如果一只大猩猩得了感冒,这对它的全家是极为有害的。)”可知,B项“你可能在山林中得感冒”不正确;根据“gorilla permit ￡220”可知看大猩猩的费用是220英镑,而不是C项中的“220美元”。因此选D。
3.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知,北极熊不需要喝水,它所需的液体都是从食物中获得的。B项“北极熊把液体储存在食物中”,C项“北极熊喝各种液体”和D项“北极熊主要吃液体食物”都与最后一段的描述不符。故选A。
B
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了法国的“鸟人”驾驶轻型飞机引领小白额雁沿着安全的迁徙路径飞行,他还带着游客一起体验这样的旅行,目的是让人们意识到人类活动对鸟类生存产生了巨大的影响,使鸟类数量锐减,希望人们共同保护鸟类。
4.D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的but to guide flocks of lesser white-fronted geese through secure migration paths which the birds can teach future generations可知,“鸟人”是为了引领小白额雁安全迁徙。由第二段第二句To prevent their number from decreasing further, Moullec tried to get the threatened species to follow him along migration routes that would protect them from bird hunters.可知,A项中的observe“观察”与B项中的follow“跟随”均与文章描述不符;根据第四段最后一句中的are treated to a variety of crane and goose species as well as breathtaking views of castles and cities可知,游客乘坐他的轻型飞机来看鸟和景色,C项中的operate“操作”与文章描述不符。故D项正确。
5.A 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知,“鸟人”驾驶轻型飞机引领小白额雁沿着安全的迁徙路径飞行,他还带着游客一起体验这样的旅行,目的是希望人们共同保护鸟类,由此可知,“鸟人”是一个热爱自然的人。B项“他是个捕鸟者”、C项“他是个观鸟者”及D项“他是一名志愿飞行员”均与文章描述不符。故A项正确。
6.B 细节理解题。根据第五段首句He often brings his camera along for the flights, capturing photos not just for their beauty, but for what they describe.可知,“鸟人”拍照是为了呈现这些照片反映的问题,也就是后面提到的农药导致了鸟类的数量减少。A项“记录农用化学品的使用”、C项“描述他与飞鸟的经历”及D项“拍摄鸟类和城市的美丽景色”均与文章描述不符。故B项正确。
7.C 主旨大意题。根据第一段尾句However, the 58-year-old Frenchman's daily 30-minute flight is not just to enjoy the impressive views, but to guide flocks of lesser white-fronted geese through secure migration paths which the birds can teach future generations.可知,本文主要讲述了“鸟人”驾驶轻型飞机飞行不是为了欣赏美景,而是为了引领小白额雁沿着安全的迁徙路径飞行。A项“鸟人引导鸟群学习飞行”、B项“鸟人发现鸟在消失”和D项“鸟人保护鸟类免受猎人的伤害”文章都有提及,但都不是主要内容。故C项正确。
C
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。塑料瓶的使用不但浪费金钱,还造成环境污染,Skipping Rocks Lab发明了一种可以食用的水瓶Ooho。本文介绍了Ooho的使用方法、运输方法以及制作成本等,并展望了其市场前景。
8.D 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知,在美国只有23%的塑料最终到了回收箱,这意味着每年有价值超过10亿美元的塑料被视为垃圾。据此可知,在美国,大部分塑料被浪费了,故D项正确。
9.B 细节理解题。根据第二段尾句可知,由于使用太多的塑料对环境有害,Skipping Rocks Lab发明了一种可以食用的包装材料Ooho以保护环境,故B项正确。
10.C 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知,该产品的制造成本比塑料瓶低,据此可推知,该产品的售价也可能比塑料瓶低,故C项正确;由第二段中的One problem the scientists have run into is how to ship lots of Ooho bubbles without arriving with a very wet truck.可以判断,Ooho的运输还是个问题,所以A项错误;B、D两项的内容在文中没有提及。
11.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知,Ooho吸引了很多人的注意,在三天时间内就得到了1,000位投资者的投资,筹集到100多万美元;再结合最后一段最后一句可推知,作者在最后一段想要表达的是在未来Ooho一定能获得成功,故A项正确。文章第二段最后一句已经点明了为什么生产Ooho,D项表述是错误的。
D
语篇解读 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了人类的主要目标是遏制碳排放,而不是实现百分百再生能源。再生能源对环保和经济产生了诸多的影响
12.D 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“A much-quoted claim that America could rely on wind, solar and water power alone for its electricity has recently been bitterly criticized by a group of respected academics.(一种经常被引用的说法,即美国可以只依靠风力、太阳能和水力发电,最近遭到了一群受人尊敬的高校科研人员的严厉批评。)”可知,美国不可能完全依靠风力、太阳能和水力发电,故选D。由最后一段的大意可知A项错误;由最后一段倒数第三句可知,德国在减少碳排放方面并未取得成功,B项错误;由第三段倒数第二句可知C项错误。
13.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Likewise, greater energy efficiency could reduce emissions by even more than using renewables would.(同样,更高的能源效率可以降低排放量,甚至多于通过使用可再生能源减少的排放量。)”可知提高能源效率可以减少碳排放。故选A。
14.B 词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的“Carbon emissions in Germany actually rose”以及“thus burned more coal”可知,德国的碳排放量实际上上升了,因为它选择逐步淘汰核能,因此燃烧了更多的煤炭。此处phase out和后面的more对立,所以这里是“减少”。故选B。
15.C 推理判断题。文章主要介绍了人类的主要目标是遏制碳排放,而不是实现百分百再生能源。再生能源对环保和经济产生了诸多影响。由此判断出文章来源于经济专栏,故选C。
第二节
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何减少塑料垃圾给出了几条建议。
16.F 本段意在说明塑料在日常生活中随处可见,并举出了食品包装等例子。据此可判断空处应该与前几句是并列或递进关系,也是说塑料的存在形式,F项提到一种塑料的形式,即口香糖,符合文意,故选F。
17.A 根据文章结构可知,此处为该段的小标题。由全段内容可知,这里讲的是塑料吸管(plastic straws)的问题。故答案为A。
18.G 空处所在段讲的是拒绝使用塑料吸管。空处上句的意思是“忍受不了放弃塑料吸管带来的便利 ”,空处下句表示“如果餐厅工作人员看到你带了自己的(吸管),他们就不太可能会给你一根塑料吸管。”据此可确定这里建议读者自己带吸管,故选G。
19.B 空处所在段的小标题表示“使用能重复使用的袋子”,空处上句是说不要使用尼龙或聚酯纤维材质的袋子。结合选项可确定这里要讲提倡使用的袋子,故选B。
20.D 由空处所在段的小标题判断,该段讲的是关于火柴的问题。分析各选项可知,只有D项(选择火柴而不是塑料打火机)与之相符,故答案为D。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己对在后院安家的乌鸦从讨厌到怜爱的态度转变过程。
21.D 考查连词。句意: 我本打算在阳光下度过周末,在户外赏花。但那是在那对讨厌的乌鸦到来之前。 after在……之后;when当……时候;until直到……为止;before在……之前。根据后面的语境可知,作者在乌鸦来之前心情极好,故选D。
22.B 考查名词。此处指它们在我们的后院建立了它们的大本营。organization组织;camp营地;business生意,商业;trap陷阱。根据后面的内容可知,乌鸦在他们家的后院定居下来,即建立了营地,故选B。
23.C 考查动词。句意:我们第一次发现这些有羽毛的敌人是在星期五早上。 accept接受;drive开车;discover发现;invite邀请。根据语境可知,此处是指作者第一次发现乌鸦,故选C。
24.A 考查动词。句意:时间还早,鸟发出的叫声穿过我们的街区。 travel传播,旅行;fly飞行;run跑;flow流动。根据后面的“They were getting louder and probably 26 my neighbors nearly as much as us with the noise. I admit I got a little...”可知,乌鸦的叫声很大,穿过了街区,travel through意为“穿越,穿过”。故选A。
25.D 考查动词(短语)。句意:我以为它们很快就会安静下来。sing唱歌;fight打架;fall down摔倒;quiet down安静下来。根据后面的“But”和“They were getting louder”可知,前面是说,“我”以为它们会安静下来。故选D。
26.B 考查动词。此处表示它们可能会让我的邻居和我们一样恼火。 attract吸引;annoy使恼火;frighten使害怕;amuse使娱乐。根据本段的“...on Friday morning. It was early, and the sound the birds made 24 through our neighborhood.”可知,在周五很早的时候,乌鸦的叫声会让人恼火,故选B。
27.D 考查形容词。句意:我承认我有点绝望。excited激动的;amazed惊讶的;curious好奇的;desperate绝望的。根据上下文语境可知,作者在早上听到乌鸦那么大的叫声,是很恼火,却又无可奈何,有点绝望,故选D。
28.C 考查动词。句意:我去探查,在草地上发现了一只乌黑的小鸟。 prevent阻止;defend防御;explore探查,探索;assist协助。根据前文“I saw our dog Quatchi staring at something on the ground”可知作者看到他的狗Quatchi正盯着地上的东西,出于好奇,作者也去一探究竟,故选C。
29.C 考查形容词。此处指当我的狗朝它走去时,它一动不动。 cold冷的;enthusiastic热情的;still一动不动的;friendly友好的。根据后文“Only when Quatchi 30 his nose to its head did it walk away.”,可知,在狗走近它时,它是一动不动的,故选C。
30.A 考查动词。句意:只有当Quatchi用鼻子碰它的头时,它才走开了。 touch触碰;throw扔;point指向;connect连接。根据常识及语境可知,此处是指狗用鼻子触碰小乌鸦,故选A。
31.B 考查动词。此处指我把狗锁在屋里。award授予;lock锁;praise表扬;feed喂食。由上文狗用鼻子触碰了小乌鸦,所以作者担心小乌鸦的处境,怕狗伤害它而把狗锁起来,故选B。
32.A 考查名词。句意:我从来没有想过,小乌鸦会在地上闲逛,在父母从上面的保护下成长壮大。 strength力气;pity怜悯;advantage优势;freedom自由。分析语境可知,此处是指小乌鸦长大,有了力气,即成长壮大,故选A。
33.D 考查动词。句意:我一看到这个小东西就原谅了乌鸦。 hate憎恨;respect尊敬;admire钦佩;forgive宽恕,原谅。上文乌鸦来到作者的后院安了家,吵到了他们,他非常生气。但看到这只小乌鸦就原谅了它们。故选D。
34.B 考查形容词。句意:但我也很感激我能近距离地看到这点大自然的展现。 pitiful可怜的;grateful感激的;painful痛苦的;careful仔细的,小心的。根据上文可知,作者从来都不是一个喜欢鸟的人。作者希望它们选择另一个后院。但根据But可知,虽然作者是个不喜欢鸟的人,却因为小乌鸦的可爱,而感激大自然能让作者近距离观察到它。故选B。
35.C 考查动词。此处指这段经历也增强了我想要创造一个美丽的后院花园的愿望。 discourage阻止;ensure确保;strengthen增强,加强;prove证明。根据语境可知,此处是指看见小乌鸦的经历让作者增强了建立一个美丽花园的愿望,故选C。
第二节
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。中国科学家研制出一种新型塑料,这种塑料可以在海水中降解,并有助于减缓海洋中日益严重的塑料污染。
36.increasingly 考查副词。句意:中国科学家研制出了一种可以在海水中降解的塑料,这种塑料可以帮助减缓海洋中日益严重的塑料污染。该空后为形容词 serious,应用副词修饰,故答案为 increasingly。
37.leaving 考查现在分词。句意:高级工程师王格霞说,这种新型塑料可以在几天到几百天的时间里在海水中降解,只留下不会造成污染的小部件。该句中已有谓语动词,此处应为非谓语动词,且此处表示自然而然的结果,所以使用现在分词leaving。
38.who 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Wang Gexia,指人,且关系词在从句中作主语,故答案为who。
39.on 考查介词。句意:在很长一段时间里,人们把注意力集中在陆地上的白色污染上。focus on...把注意力集中于……。
40.reports 考查名词的数。此处指出现了越来越多的关于海洋动物死于塑料污染的报道。“more and more+可数名词复数”表示“越来越多的……”。故填reports。
41.to design 考查动词不定式。句意:科学家们将水溶解和生物降解过程结合起来设计并发明了这种新型塑料。此处应用动词不定式表目的,故答案为to design。
42.the 考查冠词。这里表示特指,指的是上文提到的科学家发明的这种新型塑料,应用定冠词the。
43.was selected 考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意:这项研究被选为一场竞赛的获奖项目之一。这里讲的是过去的事情,时态应用一般过去时;由句意可知这里表示被动,主语是The research,故答案为was selected。
44.environmental 考查形容词。句意:中国高度重视环境保护,为解决全球污染问题贡献了中国智慧。 protection为名词,应用形容词修饰,故答案为 environmental。
45.resolving 考查动名词。句意见上题。contribute在此处意为“增添,增加”,contribute...to...表示“增添……到……中”,其中to为介词,其后应用动名词形式。故填resolving。
第三部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
Hello, everyone!
I'm glad to have this chance to share some ideas about garbage classification with you.
In my opinion, the earth is home to every individual, and it's our duty to protect the environment voluntarily. By sorting waste, we can not only reduce pollution but also conserve energy, which will pave the way for the recycling of valuable resources. For the sake of our environment and life, we are expected to learn to sort rubbish and make it a habit. Every individual can make a difference and let's bring a brighter future for the planet!
Thank you!
第二节
One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
Suddenly it hit me: Here was the idea I'd been looking for! I decided to purchase the food as a treat for our final lunch and give him a gift that he could hold on to. So that Friday, I left my house early and stopped by the near fast-food place to buy the meal with the Iron Man toy.But that restaurant had no Iron Man toys.My heart sank as I heard this.After trying my luck at several other restaurants, finally, I got what I wanted.
Paragraph 2:
At the school, I sat down with Sam and handed him the bag. Sam opened the bag, and pulled out the food and then the toy —an Iron Man toy. His eyes became watery.“You know, no one knows that my favorite is Iron Man except you,” he said. “You got me this so I will always remember you.” He hugged me and added, “I'm going to keep this forever!” It's been more than a year since that day, and Sam still texts me every week.