人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册Unit 4 Adversity and courage 单元练习（含答案）
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Unit 4 Adversity and courage 单元练习
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Architect Daniel Libeskind is the designer of some global landmarks such as New York's One World Trade Center and Berlin's Jewish Museum. In his new book, he reviews his life's work and its inspirations—including these books.
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland & Through the Looking-Glass by Lewis Carroll. I love Lewis Carroll; he's a total genius (天才). His two classic works are children's books for grown-ups because they show aspects of the creative mind that we all have but seldom use in adulthood. Inspired by Carroll, I make a habit of trying to learn seven amazing things before breakfast.
Ulysses by James Joyce. Joyce once said that if Dublin were destroyed, you could recreate the entire city from this novel. You can't do urban planning without Ulysses because it is a labyrinth (迷宫) you can never leave.
In Search of Lost Time by Marcel Proust. Proust's great novel is really a book of reflections about how architecture—our living spaces—creates a blueprint (蓝图) for our dreams, our desires, our emotions, and our memories. Where we have lived, what we have eaten, and what kind of cups we use—all of those aspects are examined here in minute detail.
Emily Dickinson's Herbarium by Emily Dickinson. From childhood onward, Dickinson collected, pressed, and classified the plants she grew in her garden in Amherst. Through the pictures in this book, you can see how her poetry—all her symbols, all her metaphors (隐喻), the colors she mentions—mirrors nature. You don't even have to read her poetry to see what a great artist she was.
1.Which of the following books is set in Dublin
A.Ulysses.
B.In Search of Lost Time.
C.Alice's Adventures in Wonderland & Through the Looking-Glass.
D.Emily Dickinson's Herbarium.
2.Who was interested in various plants
A.James Joyce.
B.Emily Dickinson.
C.Marcel Proust.
D.Lewis Carroll.
3.What can be learned about the books mentioned in the text
A.They are all novels.
B.They are written for children.
C.They offer inspirations to Daniel Libeskind.
D.They focus on the power of nature.
B
Growing up, Deka Ismail said she let labels define what she could be. “I was a black girl, from a refugee(难民) family,” said Deka. “It was as if I was only allowed to explore in this predetermined box.”
After a high school chemistry class inspired her to think about a career in science and gave her confidence in the field, Deka learned to live outside labels and began making big plans for her future. Now she is about to begin her freshman year at the University of California, planning to become a professor.
Born and raised in San Diego's City Heights neighbourhood, Deka is the daughter of a Somalia refugee couple. While some might say Deka's success happened in spite of her background, she would say differently, that her experiences shaped her and inspired her to be a driven(奋发努力的), young scientist.
When Deka was eight years old, her mother got a job by studying hard back in school in order to support the whole family. That made Deka realize that education could make a difference to one's life. She spent a lot of time in the library reading books, and didn't do many of the things her peers did, like partying or having romantic relationships.
“I always felt like I had to be the perfect girl for my family,” said Deka. “You have to not even do your best but two times better than everyone else. I felt like the whole world was waiting for me to mess up.”
Deka's effort paid off. The summer before her senior year of high school, she was accepted into the American Chemical Society Project SEED Programme. “She brought both enthusiasm and focus,” Botham, a researcher at this research institute, recalled. “She arrived every day ready to work, ready to learn and ready to resolve new challenges regardless of whether or not she had done anything similar.”
When asked what advice she would give to others like her, Deka warned them not to underestimate themselves. “Don't tell yourself that scholarship is too big, this programme is too competitive or I'll never get into this school,” she said. “I was not sure whether I could make it until I started seeing the acceptance letters rolling in.”
4.From the passage, we can learn that .
A.Deka was adopted by a refugee family
B.Deka spent a lot of time going to parties
C.Deka became a professor after graduation
D.Deka's experiences drove her to work hard
5.Deka realized the importance of education .
A.from her mother's experience
B.after her chemistry class
C.by reading books in the library
D.through working at the institute
6.According to the last paragraph, Deka advised that students should be .
A.patient B.positive
C.ambitious D.enthusiastic
7.What does the story intend to tell us
A.Life is not all roses.
B.Practice makes perfect.
C.Well begun is half done.
D.Hard work leads to success.
C
In 1802, 31-year-old Beethoven paced through the countryside around Vienna. Rays of sunshine pierced through the trees, the hard soil crunched beneath his feet and birds conducted their own orchestra. But Beethoven wasn't amazed at these details. Some years earlier, he had started to lose his hearing. He still persevered with his work, and went on creating timeless music. But he found little joy in the process.
Today, 466 million people worldwide have disabling hearing loss, and over 900 million are expected to have it by 2050, according to the World Health Organization. Its impact is often underestimated compared with other disabilities, and people with hearing loss constantly experience communication difficulties in their everyday lives. They often mishear the speech and find it very difficult to follow conversations. The miscommunication can lead individuals to feel isolated as they struggle to take part in social interactions, and ultimately lead them to withdraw from society. As Helen Keller once wrote:Blindness cuts us off from things, but deafness cuts us off from people.
To this day, there is still no cure for sensorineural(感觉神经性的) hearing loss (the most common type, and the one Beethoven had). We have advanced technological devices that strengthen the sound, such as hearing aids and cochlear implants(人工耳蜗), but these still don't restore hearing. Scientists have been studying the regeneration process of hair cells in non-mammals, and they have identified various genes and proteins that have central roles. These can be targeted at stimulating support cells in the cochlea to create more hair cells and replace those that died. Some of these cell therapies have been successful in restoring the hearing of mice and guinea pigs: a breakthrough! If it works, such a scientific advance could transform hearing health care.
When Beethoven lost his hearing, he separated himself from society, but one thing that gave him strength was the hope that his hearing could be regained one day. But each medical remedy he attempted failed. In 1802, he wrote:But thinking that for six years now, I have been hopelessly afflicted, made worse by senseless physicians, from year to year cheated by hopes of improvement,and finally forced to face a lasting disease(whose cure will take years or perhaps be impossible).
8.What does the first paragraph serve as
A.An introduction.
B.A background.
C.A comment.
D.An explanation.
9.What is the main idea of the second paragraph
A.We all should give a hand to the disabled.
B.The difficulties the deaf in the world are facing.
C.There are many people going through hardship.
D.Helen Keller and Beethoven have the same problem.
10.What makes the author feel relieved according to the passage
A.The deaf are optimistic about their lives.
B.Science and technology are vital for the world.
C.The deaf are always inspired by the famous.
D.Technology is helping the deaf find a solution.
11.What is the best title for the passage
A.Thanks to your dream!
B.Everything is possible
C.Beethoven's dream
D.I have a dream
D
An obstacle(障碍)usually refers to a difficulty or problem that prevents you from achieving something. Whether it was in your past, or you're presently facing an obstacle, you have to resolve it. Some people avoid obstacles or deny their existence. Others let obstacles control them, and they feel defeated. Your attitude towards obstacles will define the outcome of whether you rise from the challenge, or remain stuck in it. Here are some reasons for loving obstacles.
First, obstacles give you purposes. Sometimes obstacles can reset your goals. You might have always had a particular way of doing things, or wanted to pursue(追求)certain goals, but when you're faced with setbacks or difficulties, you're forced to rethink, and re-examine your path. You may end up focusing on something new and exciting. Or, you may concentrate on something that you otherwise wouldn't have if not for the particular setback. By having to overcome an obstacle, you'll be trying your best to fulfill a purpose, rather than just going through the motions. Second, obstacles prepare you for the unexpected. Obstacles serve as guides to where to go next. Even though obstacles can bring out many negative emotions in us, such as frustration, anger, or sadness, it's important to realize that they don't stop you from reaching your intended goals. Instead, they, in a way, give you time to stop and think if perhaps there is a new and better path to take and what you can prepare for what will happen along the way. Obstacles shift(转变) your perspective.
Obstacles, whether you like them or not, are unavoidable. Life will never stop throwing you new obstacles. So, the best thing to do is know how to better see and deal with these obstacles, and transform them into opportunities for self-improvement. The more you're able to see obstacles as advantages in your life, the better you'll be at managing them.
Accepting obstacles will be rewarding. It will make you constantly change and adapt to new situations, allowing you to grow into a better version of yourself.
12.What determines the outcome of obstacles you face
A.Your own attitude.
B.Your quick adaptation.
C.Your adequate preparation.
D.Your optimistic perseverance.
13.What does the underlined part probably mean
A.Acting enthusiastically.
B.Acting half-heartedly.
C.Being more motivated.
D.Being more determined.
14.How would obstacles result in benefits
A.They prevent your negative emotions.
B.They give you advantages over others.
C.They make you think quickly and critically.
D.They allow you to view things from new angles.
15.What's the main idea of the passage
A.Avoiding obstacles does harm to life.
B.Loving obstacles benefits a lot.
C.Obstacles are actually unavoidable.
D.Obstacles are double-edged swords.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Society tells us that you can't teach an old dog new tricks. But it doesn't have to be that way. A new study published in Human Development points out that using a childlike approach to learning can help people of any age take on and rise to new challenges. 16
Venture(冒险) outside your comfort zone. As adults, we tend to use similar skills day in and day out: we take jobs in fields we're already good at, drive the same routes to the same places, and fall into routines we're comfortable with. 17 Switching to something more challenging may have more cognitive benefits.
18 A fear of making mistakes is another reason why adults are slow to learn new things;if we try but fail, we can face criticism, lose money, or get fired. That's why it's important to build up a support network of people at work and at home—who allow you to make mistakes and learn from them.
Make a serious commitment and don't give up. 19 If you can afford it,spending money on a new pursuit—for example, booking a trip to Rome to practice your Italian—might also make it harder to throw in the towel.
Learn more than one thing at once. We tend to zero in on one hobby or one skill. But dividing that time and energy into three or four areas will stretch your brain in all different directions. 20 Add singing lessons, and next year you try something else. You can add things gradually based on what you can handle.
A.Turn to your friends and family.
B.The following strategies will do the trick.
C.Surround yourself with encouraging people.
D.Telling friends about your new goal can help keep you motivated.
E.But all this familiarity limits the parts of the brain we're using regularly.
F.That doesn't mean you should start all the new challenges all at once, though.
G.So feeling comfortable can reduce stress and make you happier and more productive.
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
While my friends went away to their universities in great delight, I restarted my senior high school life. My spirits 21 at the prospect of starting all over again.
22 by strange classmates, I felt as though I were in a maze(迷宫) and felt 23 for myself. There were some complex feelings in my mind. I was frightened, nervous and lonely.
To make matters worse, I recalled my failure again and again, which put more pressure on me than I could bear. As a result, I was always feeling 24 during class.
One of my teachers noticed my depression and one day he asked me to come to his office, where he told me about his 25 towards life. He said we might 26 from making mistakes, but it was important to shape ourselves into the people we 27 . All the growing pains and the embarrassing things we 28 are parts of the process. We never stop 29 , so learn from it and keep your spirits up! If you are optimistic, things you want may 30 to you! Warm feelings rushed through me. I 31 saw the sun shining again when I stepped out of his office.
With the teacher's help, I finally got over my depression. From then on, I no longer 32 my head but began smiling at my classmates. I put up my hand 33 in class and tried to answer the teacher's questions correctly.
I 34 have a thirst for my ideal university, 35 I'm not afraid of failure because I can benefit from it.
21.A.sank B.failed
C.disappeared D.ran
22.A.Hit B.Surrounded
C.Struck D.Loved
23.A.unlucky B.angry
C.sorry D.afraid
24.A.high B.down
C.lonely D.happy
25.A.way B.method
C.measure D.attitude
26.A.learn B.suffer
C.hear D.judge
27.A.reach B.enjoy
C.like D.hate
28.A.feel B.experience
C.taste D.get
29.A.standing up B.growing up
C.going up D.rising up
30.A.refer B.turn
C.stick D.happen
31.A.suddenly B.generally
C.naturally D.sadly
32.A.buried B.shook
C.bowed D.nodded
33.A.freely B.hopefully
C.quickly D.confidently
34.A.even B.ever
C.still D.yet
35.A.otherwise B.or
C.but D.instead
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Antarctica, the southernmost part of Earth, is covered with snow and ice all year round. 36 it has amazing views, many people are still frightened by this icy desert.
But 34-year-old US explorer Colin O'Brady is different. Three months ago he became the first person 37 (cross) Antarctica alone. During the 932-mile journey, O'Brady spent 54 days in extreme conditions. He had to push 38 (he) to the limit. He carried everything he'd need on a sled. But even with enough food, O'Brady began to become 39 (thin) and weaker after six weeks. “I 40 (lose) a ton of weight so far. My legs feel more like the size of my arms at this point,” he wrote on the US social media Instagram.
Adding to the pressure, O'Brady was racing against Louis from the UK. The two men set off together, with O'Brady 41 (take) the lead. But on Christmas Day, O'Brady resolved to make a final effort without stopping for a rest. 42 (lucky)for him he made it, getting to the finish line earlier than Louis.
O'Brady thinks that he has the spirit 43 exploration in his blood: He is 44 athlete, who loves to move. He also believes we can all have this 45 (strong) and achieve much.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华,得知你的英国留学生朋友Peter在CCTV举办的《中国诗词大会》(Chinese Poetry Conference)决赛中失利。请你给他写封邮件,内容包括:
1.给予安慰和鼓励;
2.愿意提供帮助。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Peter,
I'm sorry to know that you were knocked out in the final of the Chinese Poetry Conference last week. I'm writing to express my sincere concern for you.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Every year, more and more parents complain to their children's schools about PE. They believe that their children shouldn't have to participate in physical activities if they don't want to. Supporters of PE, however, believe that it is a necessary element of all-round schooling and our society's well-being. They insist PE in schools remains one of the few places in which the youth can be forced to participate in aerobic exercise.
Firstly, they believe that participation in sport promotes health. In fact, physical education is a springboard for involvement in sports and physical activities throughout life. The government is, or should be, concerned with the health of its citizens. Encouraging physical activities in the young through compulsory PE fights child overweight and contributes to forming lifelong habits of exercise. This doesn't have to be through traditional team sports;increasing schools are able to offer exercise in the form of swimming, gymnastics, dancing, etc.
Besides, physical education helps to develop character and mutual respect required to succeed in an adult environment. Playing team sports builds character and encourages students to work with others, as they would be expected to do in most business or sporting environments. Sport teaches children how to win and lose with good graces and builds a strong school spirit through competition with other institutions. It is often the experience of playing on a team together that builds the strongest friendships at school, which endure for years afterwards.
Finally, the pursuit of national sporting achievements begins in the school. If schools don't have compulsory PE, it is much harder to pick out, develop and equip athletes to represent the country on a wider stage. However, it's much easier to find suitable individuals with a full sports program in every school.
参考答案与解析
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A
语篇解读 本文主要讲述了建筑师丹尼尔·里伯斯金在新书中回顾了他的工作的灵感来源于几本著作,并介绍了这几本著作。
1.A 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的Ulysses by James Joyce. Joyce once said that if Dublin were destroyed, you could recreate the entire city from this novel.可知在《尤利西斯》一书中,乔伊斯曾经说过,如果都柏林被摧毁了,你可以从这部小说中重建整个城市。由此可知该书的背景为都柏林,故选A。
2.B 细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的From childhood onward, Dickinson collected, pressed, and classified the plants she grew in her garden in Amherst.可知从孩提时代起,狄金森就开始收集、压平并分类她在花园里种的植物。所以她对各种各样的植物感兴趣,故选B。
3.C 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的In his new book, he reviews his life's work and its inspirations—including these books.可知他在新书中回顾了他一生的工作及其灵感来源——包括文章中提到的书籍。由此可知文中提到的书为他提供了灵感。故选C。
B
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了难民家庭出身的黑人女孩Deka决心奋发努力,改变现状,在学习和工作中奋力拼搏的经历。
4.D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的she would say differently, that her experiences shaped her and inspired her to be a driven, young scientist可知是她的经历使她奋发努力,故D项正确。注意该题中的C项,由文章第二段最后一句可知她现在即将上大学,打算成为一名教授,所以C项“她毕业后成了一名教授”表述是不准确的,可排除。
5.A 细节理解题。第四段第二句That made Deka realize that education could make a difference to one's life.中的That指前一句她母亲的经历,所以是她母亲的经历使她意识到教育的重要性,故A项正确。
6.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的...Deka warned them not to underestimate themselves. “Don't tell yourself that scholarship is too big...I'll never get into this school,”可知Deka建议学生要敢于梦想,要有雄心,所以C项正确。
7.D 主旨大意题。文章讲述Deka为了改变自身的状况,舍弃了很多同龄人的娱乐、交往等活动,在学习和工作中奋力拼搏的经历,故可判断故事的意图是告诉我们勤奋造就成功。
C
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。作者从介绍贝多芬面临的失聪问题展开,说到当今世界上有很多和他一样失聪的人,值得庆幸的是,科技进步有望解决这一问题。
8.A 推理判断题。第一段主要介绍的是贝多芬,事实上他代表的是一个特殊的群体——失聪者。作者使用这个名人的例子就是为了引出下文,本段是全文的引子,故选A。introduction引言,序言;background背景;comment评论;explanation解释,说明。
9.B 主旨大意题。根据第二段可知,当前全球范围内,4.66亿人有听觉丧失问题,而与其他的特殊群体相比,这个群体容易被忽略。作者介绍了失聪者在生活中遭遇的困难,还用海伦·凯勒的话总结了他们面临的困难,所以本段主要强调的是失聪者面临的困难。本题易误选C项,该项没有明确的人群指向,与本段中心不符。
10.D 推理判断题。根据第三段的第三句至最后一句可知,科学家们一直在致力于解决失聪问题,D项表述与之吻合。本题易误选B项,但是该选项中的 for the world与本文文意不吻合,文章强调的是科技对失聪者的重要性。
11.C 主旨大意题。文章以贝多芬失聪的例子引出下文,贝多芬代表的是一个特殊的群体,那就是失聪者,到目前为止,失聪者的问题还没有得到根本解决,幸运的是,科学技术在一点点地帮助他们解决问题。作者相信最终有一天贝多芬的梦想会实现,也就是所有失聪者的梦想都会实现,故C项适合作为文章标题。
D
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文,阐述的主要观点为:以积极的态度对待人生中的障碍,因为它们有益于人的成长和提升。
12.A 细节理解题。 由第一段第五句中的Your attitude towards obstacles will define the outcome可知决定人生障碍的最终结果的是人的态度,故A项正确。
13.B 推理判断题。由画线部分前面的rather than just 可知画线部分的意思与前面的you'll be trying your best to fulfill a purpose 意思相反。trying your best to fulfill a purpose在这里指全力以赴实现目标,故可推测going through the motions指并未全力去做事,而只是走过场,故B项正确。
14.D 细节理解题。由第二段最后两句Instead, they, in a way, give you time to stop and think if perhaps there is a new and better path to take and what you can prepare for what will happen along the way. Obstacles shift(转变) your perspective.可知障碍会使人寻找更新、更好的途径,转变人看待问题的视角,故D项正确。
15.B 主旨大意题。本文第一段点题,指出障碍值得人们去爱,第二段从两个方面阐述了障碍带给人的好处,第三、四段总结,指出把障碍看作有利因素,克服障碍会使人得到提升,故全文的主旨是接受障碍对人有益,所以B项正确。
第二节
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,提出了走出舒适区,尝试新技能的四点建议。
16.B 本空设在第一段段尾,承上启下。后文讲述的是应对挑战的建议,所以选择B项(下面的策略会奏效)。
17.E 本段第二句中的As adults, we tend to use similar skills day in and day out指出成年人常常日复一日地使用相似的技能,E项指出但是所有这样的熟悉感限制了我们经常使用的大脑的一部分,故E项正确。
18.C 本空设在段首,应该选择和其他建议段的段首句句式相同的句子。结合本段最后一句That's why it's important to build up a support network of people at work and at home—who allow you to make mistakes and learn from them.可知本段建议与鼓舞你的人交往,以便你不再害怕犯错并可以从中吸取教训,所以C项正确。
19.D 本空前建议做出严肃的承诺并且不要放弃。D项(把你的新目标告诉你的朋友有助于你保持动力)符合语境,故D项正确。
20.F F项意为“不过,那并不意味着你应该同时开始所有这些新的挑战”, 本空后句建议增加歌唱课程,明年再尝试别的,这样依据自己的能力逐渐增加,前后说法一致,所以F项正确。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者高考失利,重返学校复读,在老师的帮助下,他克服低落情绪,鼓起勇气,为实现自己的目标而努力的故事。
21.A 情绪变得低落。sink(心情)压抑;fail失败;disappear消失;run跑。作者不得不复读,因为要一切从头开始,所以情绪低落。故选A项。
22.B 由“I restarted my senior high school life”可知,作者要重新开始高中生活,所以周围都是陌生的同学。故选B项。
23.C 句意:周围都是陌生的同学,我觉得自己好像置身于迷宫中,为自己感到难过。unlucky不幸运的; angry生气的; sorry难过的; afraid害怕的。作者处境不顺,所以为自己难过。故选C项。
24.B 因为一次又一次地回忆自己的失败,这给作者带来了无法承受的压力,所以作者上课时总是情绪低落。down沮丧的。故选B项。
25.D way方式;method方法;measure措施;attitude态度。由下文老师与作者谈话的内容可知,老师在告诉作者他对生活的态度。故选D项。
26.B 出错是一件痛苦的事情,所以suffer from“遭受”符合语境。故选B项。
27.C 老师在给作者讲他对生活的态度,一定是积极的态度,所以老师在说把自己塑造成我们喜欢的人是很重要的,以此鼓励作者。故选C项。
28.B 根据常识可以判断出,经历痛苦和尴尬是我们成长过程中的一部分。故选B项。
29.B 人无论经历了什么,都是在不断地成长。故选B项。
30.D 由“If you are optimistic”可知,只有保持乐观的心态,想要的事情才可能会发生在你身上。sth. happens to sb. “某事发生在某人身上”。故选D项。
31.A 老师的一番话让作者顿悟,豁然开朗,所以走出老师的办公室时,突然感到阳光很灿烂。故选A项。
32.C bury埋; shake晃动; bow低(头); nod点头。情绪的改善,自信的恢复使作者不再低头生活而是笑对同学。故选C项。
33.D 举手回答问题是自信的表现。故选D项。
34.C 尽管遭遇了失败,作者仍然(still)渴望梦想中的大学。故选C项。
35.C 作者过去害怕失败,但现在不怕了,所以前后为转折关系。故选C项。
第二节
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文,讲述美国探险家Colin O'Brady独自横跨南极的经历。
36.Although/Though/While 考查连词。句意:尽管它有着神奇的景观,但很多人仍然对这个冰冷的荒漠感到很害怕。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导让步状语从句,故填Although或Though或While。
37.to cross 考查动词不定式。句意:三个月前,他成为第一个独自跨越南极的人。此处名词person被序数词the first修饰,后用不定式作定语。
38.himself 考查反身代词。句意:他必须把自己逼到极限。主语是He,所以要用反身代词作宾语。
39.thinner 考查形容词比较级。由空后的and weaker可知应该用比较级,指与六周之前相比他的身体更瘦、更弱了。
40.have lost 考查动词的时态。 由句中的so far(到目前为止)可知应该用现在完成时,所以用have lost。
41.taking 考查现在分词。句意:这两个人一起出发,O'Brady领先。此处包含with的复合结构,take与O'Brady是主动关系,动作已发生,所以用现在分词(而不用不定式)形式。
42.Luckily 考查副词。 此处应填副词,构成副词短语Luckily for him,作状语。
43.of 考查介词。此处of表示“关于……”,the spirit of exploration 意为“探索精神”。
44.an 考查冠词。此处泛指他是一名运动员。表示职业身份的名词作表语,其前要用不定冠词,athlete以元音音素开头,故用an。
45.strength 考查名词。此处指他相信我们都有这种力量。设空处作have的宾语,应用名词。故填strength。
第三部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
Dear Peter,
I'm sorry to know that you were knocked out in the final of the Chinese Poetry Conference last week. I'm writing to express my sincere concern for you.
I understand how you are feeling. You made careful preparations in advance and tried your best, so there is nothing to regret. As a saying goes, “Failure is the mother of success.” As a matter of fact,it's really a successful failure since you've learned a valuable lesson from this experience. I do hope that you won't lose heart and will keep on learning Chinese. There will be many opportunities to show your talent in the future. If you keep on trying, you are sure to win in the next competition.
Don't hesitate to let me know if you need further help.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
One possible version:
Unlike parents, supporters of PE maintain students should participate in sports.(要点1) Team and individual sports prevent children getting overweight and help form lifelong habits of exercise.(要点2) PE also cultivates children's team spirits, mutual respect, right attitudes towards competition and builds endurable friendships.(要点3) Last, school PE helps select and train potential athletes for national teams.(要点4)
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Architect Daniel Libeskind is the designer of some global landmarks such as New York's One World Trade Center and Berlin's Jewish Museum. In his new book, he reviews his life's work and its inspirations—including these books.
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland & Through the Looking-Glass by Lewis Carroll. I love Lewis Carroll; he's a total genius (天才). His two classic works are children's books for grown-ups because they show aspects of the creative mind that we all have but seldom use in adulthood. Inspired by Carroll, I make a habit of trying to learn seven amazing things before breakfast.
Ulysses by James Joyce. Joyce once said that if Dublin were destroyed, you could recreate the entire city from this novel. You can't do urban planning without Ulysses because it is a labyrinth (迷宫) you can never leave.
In Search of Lost Time by Marcel Proust. Proust's great novel is really a book of reflections about how architecture—our living spaces—creates a blueprint (蓝图) for our dreams, our desires, our emotions, and our memories. Where we have lived, what we have eaten, and what kind of cups we use—all of those aspects are examined here in minute detail.
Emily Dickinson's Herbarium by Emily Dickinson. From childhood onward, Dickinson collected, pressed, and classified the plants she grew in her garden in Amherst. Through the pictures in this book, you can see how her poetry—all her symbols, all her metaphors (隐喻), the colors she mentions—mirrors nature. You don't even have to read her poetry to see what a great artist she was.
1.Which of the following books is set in Dublin
A.Ulysses.
B.In Search of Lost Time.
C.Alice's Adventures in Wonderland & Through the Looking-Glass.
D.Emily Dickinson's Herbarium.
2.Who was interested in various plants
A.James Joyce.
B.Emily Dickinson.
C.Marcel Proust.
D.Lewis Carroll.
3.What can be learned about the books mentioned in the text
A.They are all novels.
B.They are written for children.
C.They offer inspirations to Daniel Libeskind.
D.They focus on the power of nature.
B
Growing up, Deka Ismail said she let labels define what she could be. “I was a black girl, from a refugee(难民) family,” said Deka. “It was as if I was only allowed to explore in this predetermined box.”
After a high school chemistry class inspired her to think about a career in science and gave her confidence in the field, Deka learned to live outside labels and began making big plans for her future. Now she is about to begin her freshman year at the University of California, planning to become a professor.
Born and raised in San Diego's City Heights neighbourhood, Deka is the daughter of a Somalia refugee couple. While some might say Deka's success happened in spite of her background, she would say differently, that her experiences shaped her and inspired her to be a driven(奋发努力的), young scientist.
When Deka was eight years old, her mother got a job by studying hard back in school in order to support the whole family. That made Deka realize that education could make a difference to one's life. She spent a lot of time in the library reading books, and didn't do many of the things her peers did, like partying or having romantic relationships.
“I always felt like I had to be the perfect girl for my family,” said Deka. “You have to not even do your best but two times better than everyone else. I felt like the whole world was waiting for me to mess up.”
Deka's effort paid off. The summer before her senior year of high school, she was accepted into the American Chemical Society Project SEED Programme. “She brought both enthusiasm and focus,” Botham, a researcher at this research institute, recalled. “She arrived every day ready to work, ready to learn and ready to resolve new challenges regardless of whether or not she had done anything similar.”
When asked what advice she would give to others like her, Deka warned them not to underestimate themselves. “Don't tell yourself that scholarship is too big, this programme is too competitive or I'll never get into this school,” she said. “I was not sure whether I could make it until I started seeing the acceptance letters rolling in.”
4.From the passage, we can learn that .
A.Deka was adopted by a refugee family
B.Deka spent a lot of time going to parties
C.Deka became a professor after graduation
D.Deka's experiences drove her to work hard
5.Deka realized the importance of education .
A.from her mother's experience
B.after her chemistry class
C.by reading books in the library
D.through working at the institute
6.According to the last paragraph, Deka advised that students should be .
A.patient B.positive
C.ambitious D.enthusiastic
7.What does the story intend to tell us
A.Life is not all roses.
B.Practice makes perfect.
C.Well begun is half done.
D.Hard work leads to success.
C
In 1802, 31-year-old Beethoven paced through the countryside around Vienna. Rays of sunshine pierced through the trees, the hard soil crunched beneath his feet and birds conducted their own orchestra. But Beethoven wasn't amazed at these details. Some years earlier, he had started to lose his hearing. He still persevered with his work, and went on creating timeless music. But he found little joy in the process.
Today, 466 million people worldwide have disabling hearing loss, and over 900 million are expected to have it by 2050, according to the World Health Organization. Its impact is often underestimated compared with other disabilities, and people with hearing loss constantly experience communication difficulties in their everyday lives. They often mishear the speech and find it very difficult to follow conversations. The miscommunication can lead individuals to feel isolated as they struggle to take part in social interactions, and ultimately lead them to withdraw from society. As Helen Keller once wrote:Blindness cuts us off from things, but deafness cuts us off from people.
To this day, there is still no cure for sensorineural(感觉神经性的) hearing loss (the most common type, and the one Beethoven had). We have advanced technological devices that strengthen the sound, such as hearing aids and cochlear implants(人工耳蜗), but these still don't restore hearing. Scientists have been studying the regeneration process of hair cells in non-mammals, and they have identified various genes and proteins that have central roles. These can be targeted at stimulating support cells in the cochlea to create more hair cells and replace those that died. Some of these cell therapies have been successful in restoring the hearing of mice and guinea pigs: a breakthrough! If it works, such a scientific advance could transform hearing health care.
When Beethoven lost his hearing, he separated himself from society, but one thing that gave him strength was the hope that his hearing could be regained one day. But each medical remedy he attempted failed. In 1802, he wrote:But thinking that for six years now, I have been hopelessly afflicted, made worse by senseless physicians, from year to year cheated by hopes of improvement,and finally forced to face a lasting disease(whose cure will take years or perhaps be impossible).
8.What does the first paragraph serve as
A.An introduction.
B.A background.
C.A comment.
D.An explanation.
9.What is the main idea of the second paragraph
A.We all should give a hand to the disabled.
B.The difficulties the deaf in the world are facing.
C.There are many people going through hardship.
D.Helen Keller and Beethoven have the same problem.
10.What makes the author feel relieved according to the passage
A.The deaf are optimistic about their lives.
B.Science and technology are vital for the world.
C.The deaf are always inspired by the famous.
D.Technology is helping the deaf find a solution.
11.What is the best title for the passage
A.Thanks to your dream!
B.Everything is possible
C.Beethoven's dream
D.I have a dream
D
An obstacle(障碍)usually refers to a difficulty or problem that prevents you from achieving something. Whether it was in your past, or you're presently facing an obstacle, you have to resolve it. Some people avoid obstacles or deny their existence. Others let obstacles control them, and they feel defeated. Your attitude towards obstacles will define the outcome of whether you rise from the challenge, or remain stuck in it. Here are some reasons for loving obstacles.
First, obstacles give you purposes. Sometimes obstacles can reset your goals. You might have always had a particular way of doing things, or wanted to pursue(追求)certain goals, but when you're faced with setbacks or difficulties, you're forced to rethink, and re-examine your path. You may end up focusing on something new and exciting. Or, you may concentrate on something that you otherwise wouldn't have if not for the particular setback. By having to overcome an obstacle, you'll be trying your best to fulfill a purpose, rather than just going through the motions. Second, obstacles prepare you for the unexpected. Obstacles serve as guides to where to go next. Even though obstacles can bring out many negative emotions in us, such as frustration, anger, or sadness, it's important to realize that they don't stop you from reaching your intended goals. Instead, they, in a way, give you time to stop and think if perhaps there is a new and better path to take and what you can prepare for what will happen along the way. Obstacles shift(转变) your perspective.
Obstacles, whether you like them or not, are unavoidable. Life will never stop throwing you new obstacles. So, the best thing to do is know how to better see and deal with these obstacles, and transform them into opportunities for self-improvement. The more you're able to see obstacles as advantages in your life, the better you'll be at managing them.
Accepting obstacles will be rewarding. It will make you constantly change and adapt to new situations, allowing you to grow into a better version of yourself.
12.What determines the outcome of obstacles you face
A.Your own attitude.
B.Your quick adaptation.
C.Your adequate preparation.
D.Your optimistic perseverance.
13.What does the underlined part probably mean
A.Acting enthusiastically.
B.Acting half-heartedly.
C.Being more motivated.
D.Being more determined.
14.How would obstacles result in benefits
A.They prevent your negative emotions.
B.They give you advantages over others.
C.They make you think quickly and critically.
D.They allow you to view things from new angles.
15.What's the main idea of the passage
A.Avoiding obstacles does harm to life.
B.Loving obstacles benefits a lot.
C.Obstacles are actually unavoidable.
D.Obstacles are double-edged swords.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Society tells us that you can't teach an old dog new tricks. But it doesn't have to be that way. A new study published in Human Development points out that using a childlike approach to learning can help people of any age take on and rise to new challenges. 16
Venture(冒险) outside your comfort zone. As adults, we tend to use similar skills day in and day out: we take jobs in fields we're already good at, drive the same routes to the same places, and fall into routines we're comfortable with. 17 Switching to something more challenging may have more cognitive benefits.
18 A fear of making mistakes is another reason why adults are slow to learn new things;if we try but fail, we can face criticism, lose money, or get fired. That's why it's important to build up a support network of people at work and at home—who allow you to make mistakes and learn from them.
Make a serious commitment and don't give up. 19 If you can afford it,spending money on a new pursuit—for example, booking a trip to Rome to practice your Italian—might also make it harder to throw in the towel.
Learn more than one thing at once. We tend to zero in on one hobby or one skill. But dividing that time and energy into three or four areas will stretch your brain in all different directions. 20 Add singing lessons, and next year you try something else. You can add things gradually based on what you can handle.
A.Turn to your friends and family.
B.The following strategies will do the trick.
C.Surround yourself with encouraging people.
D.Telling friends about your new goal can help keep you motivated.
E.But all this familiarity limits the parts of the brain we're using regularly.
F.That doesn't mean you should start all the new challenges all at once, though.
G.So feeling comfortable can reduce stress and make you happier and more productive.
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
While my friends went away to their universities in great delight, I restarted my senior high school life. My spirits 21 at the prospect of starting all over again.
22 by strange classmates, I felt as though I were in a maze(迷宫) and felt 23 for myself. There were some complex feelings in my mind. I was frightened, nervous and lonely.
To make matters worse, I recalled my failure again and again, which put more pressure on me than I could bear. As a result, I was always feeling 24 during class.
One of my teachers noticed my depression and one day he asked me to come to his office, where he told me about his 25 towards life. He said we might 26 from making mistakes, but it was important to shape ourselves into the people we 27 . All the growing pains and the embarrassing things we 28 are parts of the process. We never stop 29 , so learn from it and keep your spirits up! If you are optimistic, things you want may 30 to you! Warm feelings rushed through me. I 31 saw the sun shining again when I stepped out of his office.
With the teacher's help, I finally got over my depression. From then on, I no longer 32 my head but began smiling at my classmates. I put up my hand 33 in class and tried to answer the teacher's questions correctly.
I 34 have a thirst for my ideal university, 35 I'm not afraid of failure because I can benefit from it.
21.A.sank B.failed
C.disappeared D.ran
22.A.Hit B.Surrounded
C.Struck D.Loved
23.A.unlucky B.angry
C.sorry D.afraid
24.A.high B.down
C.lonely D.happy
25.A.way B.method
C.measure D.attitude
26.A.learn B.suffer
C.hear D.judge
27.A.reach B.enjoy
C.like D.hate
28.A.feel B.experience
C.taste D.get
29.A.standing up B.growing up
C.going up D.rising up
30.A.refer B.turn
C.stick D.happen
31.A.suddenly B.generally
C.naturally D.sadly
32.A.buried B.shook
C.bowed D.nodded
33.A.freely B.hopefully
C.quickly D.confidently
34.A.even B.ever
C.still D.yet
35.A.otherwise B.or
C.but D.instead
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Antarctica, the southernmost part of Earth, is covered with snow and ice all year round. 36 it has amazing views, many people are still frightened by this icy desert.
But 34-year-old US explorer Colin O'Brady is different. Three months ago he became the first person 37 (cross) Antarctica alone. During the 932-mile journey, O'Brady spent 54 days in extreme conditions. He had to push 38 (he) to the limit. He carried everything he'd need on a sled. But even with enough food, O'Brady began to become 39 (thin) and weaker after six weeks. “I 40 (lose) a ton of weight so far. My legs feel more like the size of my arms at this point,” he wrote on the US social media Instagram.
Adding to the pressure, O'Brady was racing against Louis from the UK. The two men set off together, with O'Brady 41 (take) the lead. But on Christmas Day, O'Brady resolved to make a final effort without stopping for a rest. 42 (lucky)for him he made it, getting to the finish line earlier than Louis.
O'Brady thinks that he has the spirit 43 exploration in his blood: He is 44 athlete, who loves to move. He also believes we can all have this 45 (strong) and achieve much.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华,得知你的英国留学生朋友Peter在CCTV举办的《中国诗词大会》(Chinese Poetry Conference)决赛中失利。请你给他写封邮件,内容包括:
1.给予安慰和鼓励;
2.愿意提供帮助。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Peter,
I'm sorry to know that you were knocked out in the final of the Chinese Poetry Conference last week. I'm writing to express my sincere concern for you.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Every year, more and more parents complain to their children's schools about PE. They believe that their children shouldn't have to participate in physical activities if they don't want to. Supporters of PE, however, believe that it is a necessary element of all-round schooling and our society's well-being. They insist PE in schools remains one of the few places in which the youth can be forced to participate in aerobic exercise.
Firstly, they believe that participation in sport promotes health. In fact, physical education is a springboard for involvement in sports and physical activities throughout life. The government is, or should be, concerned with the health of its citizens. Encouraging physical activities in the young through compulsory PE fights child overweight and contributes to forming lifelong habits of exercise. This doesn't have to be through traditional team sports;increasing schools are able to offer exercise in the form of swimming, gymnastics, dancing, etc.
Besides, physical education helps to develop character and mutual respect required to succeed in an adult environment. Playing team sports builds character and encourages students to work with others, as they would be expected to do in most business or sporting environments. Sport teaches children how to win and lose with good graces and builds a strong school spirit through competition with other institutions. It is often the experience of playing on a team together that builds the strongest friendships at school, which endure for years afterwards.
Finally, the pursuit of national sporting achievements begins in the school. If schools don't have compulsory PE, it is much harder to pick out, develop and equip athletes to represent the country on a wider stage. However, it's much easier to find suitable individuals with a full sports program in every school.
参考答案与解析
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A
语篇解读 本文主要讲述了建筑师丹尼尔·里伯斯金在新书中回顾了他的工作的灵感来源于几本著作,并介绍了这几本著作。
1.A 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的Ulysses by James Joyce. Joyce once said that if Dublin were destroyed, you could recreate the entire city from this novel.可知在《尤利西斯》一书中,乔伊斯曾经说过,如果都柏林被摧毁了,你可以从这部小说中重建整个城市。由此可知该书的背景为都柏林,故选A。
2.B 细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的From childhood onward, Dickinson collected, pressed, and classified the plants she grew in her garden in Amherst.可知从孩提时代起,狄金森就开始收集、压平并分类她在花园里种的植物。所以她对各种各样的植物感兴趣,故选B。
3.C 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的In his new book, he reviews his life's work and its inspirations—including these books.可知他在新书中回顾了他一生的工作及其灵感来源——包括文章中提到的书籍。由此可知文中提到的书为他提供了灵感。故选C。
B
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了难民家庭出身的黑人女孩Deka决心奋发努力,改变现状,在学习和工作中奋力拼搏的经历。
4.D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的she would say differently, that her experiences shaped her and inspired her to be a driven, young scientist可知是她的经历使她奋发努力,故D项正确。注意该题中的C项,由文章第二段最后一句可知她现在即将上大学,打算成为一名教授,所以C项“她毕业后成了一名教授”表述是不准确的,可排除。
5.A 细节理解题。第四段第二句That made Deka realize that education could make a difference to one's life.中的That指前一句她母亲的经历,所以是她母亲的经历使她意识到教育的重要性,故A项正确。
6.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的...Deka warned them not to underestimate themselves. “Don't tell yourself that scholarship is too big...I'll never get into this school,”可知Deka建议学生要敢于梦想,要有雄心,所以C项正确。
7.D 主旨大意题。文章讲述Deka为了改变自身的状况,舍弃了很多同龄人的娱乐、交往等活动,在学习和工作中奋力拼搏的经历,故可判断故事的意图是告诉我们勤奋造就成功。
C
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。作者从介绍贝多芬面临的失聪问题展开,说到当今世界上有很多和他一样失聪的人,值得庆幸的是,科技进步有望解决这一问题。
8.A 推理判断题。第一段主要介绍的是贝多芬,事实上他代表的是一个特殊的群体——失聪者。作者使用这个名人的例子就是为了引出下文,本段是全文的引子,故选A。introduction引言,序言;background背景;comment评论;explanation解释,说明。
9.B 主旨大意题。根据第二段可知,当前全球范围内,4.66亿人有听觉丧失问题,而与其他的特殊群体相比,这个群体容易被忽略。作者介绍了失聪者在生活中遭遇的困难,还用海伦·凯勒的话总结了他们面临的困难,所以本段主要强调的是失聪者面临的困难。本题易误选C项,该项没有明确的人群指向,与本段中心不符。
10.D 推理判断题。根据第三段的第三句至最后一句可知,科学家们一直在致力于解决失聪问题,D项表述与之吻合。本题易误选B项,但是该选项中的 for the world与本文文意不吻合,文章强调的是科技对失聪者的重要性。
11.C 主旨大意题。文章以贝多芬失聪的例子引出下文,贝多芬代表的是一个特殊的群体,那就是失聪者,到目前为止,失聪者的问题还没有得到根本解决,幸运的是,科学技术在一点点地帮助他们解决问题。作者相信最终有一天贝多芬的梦想会实现,也就是所有失聪者的梦想都会实现,故C项适合作为文章标题。
D
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文,阐述的主要观点为:以积极的态度对待人生中的障碍,因为它们有益于人的成长和提升。
12.A 细节理解题。 由第一段第五句中的Your attitude towards obstacles will define the outcome可知决定人生障碍的最终结果的是人的态度,故A项正确。
13.B 推理判断题。由画线部分前面的rather than just 可知画线部分的意思与前面的you'll be trying your best to fulfill a purpose 意思相反。trying your best to fulfill a purpose在这里指全力以赴实现目标,故可推测going through the motions指并未全力去做事,而只是走过场,故B项正确。
14.D 细节理解题。由第二段最后两句Instead, they, in a way, give you time to stop and think if perhaps there is a new and better path to take and what you can prepare for what will happen along the way. Obstacles shift(转变) your perspective.可知障碍会使人寻找更新、更好的途径,转变人看待问题的视角,故D项正确。
15.B 主旨大意题。本文第一段点题,指出障碍值得人们去爱,第二段从两个方面阐述了障碍带给人的好处,第三、四段总结,指出把障碍看作有利因素,克服障碍会使人得到提升,故全文的主旨是接受障碍对人有益,所以B项正确。
第二节
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,提出了走出舒适区,尝试新技能的四点建议。
16.B 本空设在第一段段尾,承上启下。后文讲述的是应对挑战的建议,所以选择B项(下面的策略会奏效)。
17.E 本段第二句中的As adults, we tend to use similar skills day in and day out指出成年人常常日复一日地使用相似的技能,E项指出但是所有这样的熟悉感限制了我们经常使用的大脑的一部分,故E项正确。
18.C 本空设在段首,应该选择和其他建议段的段首句句式相同的句子。结合本段最后一句That's why it's important to build up a support network of people at work and at home—who allow you to make mistakes and learn from them.可知本段建议与鼓舞你的人交往,以便你不再害怕犯错并可以从中吸取教训,所以C项正确。
19.D 本空前建议做出严肃的承诺并且不要放弃。D项(把你的新目标告诉你的朋友有助于你保持动力)符合语境,故D项正确。
20.F F项意为“不过,那并不意味着你应该同时开始所有这些新的挑战”, 本空后句建议增加歌唱课程,明年再尝试别的,这样依据自己的能力逐渐增加,前后说法一致,所以F项正确。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者高考失利,重返学校复读,在老师的帮助下,他克服低落情绪,鼓起勇气,为实现自己的目标而努力的故事。
21.A 情绪变得低落。sink(心情)压抑;fail失败;disappear消失;run跑。作者不得不复读,因为要一切从头开始,所以情绪低落。故选A项。
22.B 由“I restarted my senior high school life”可知,作者要重新开始高中生活,所以周围都是陌生的同学。故选B项。
23.C 句意:周围都是陌生的同学,我觉得自己好像置身于迷宫中,为自己感到难过。unlucky不幸运的; angry生气的; sorry难过的; afraid害怕的。作者处境不顺,所以为自己难过。故选C项。
24.B 因为一次又一次地回忆自己的失败,这给作者带来了无法承受的压力,所以作者上课时总是情绪低落。down沮丧的。故选B项。
25.D way方式;method方法;measure措施;attitude态度。由下文老师与作者谈话的内容可知,老师在告诉作者他对生活的态度。故选D项。
26.B 出错是一件痛苦的事情,所以suffer from“遭受”符合语境。故选B项。
27.C 老师在给作者讲他对生活的态度,一定是积极的态度,所以老师在说把自己塑造成我们喜欢的人是很重要的,以此鼓励作者。故选C项。
28.B 根据常识可以判断出,经历痛苦和尴尬是我们成长过程中的一部分。故选B项。
29.B 人无论经历了什么,都是在不断地成长。故选B项。
30.D 由“If you are optimistic”可知,只有保持乐观的心态,想要的事情才可能会发生在你身上。sth. happens to sb. “某事发生在某人身上”。故选D项。
31.A 老师的一番话让作者顿悟,豁然开朗,所以走出老师的办公室时,突然感到阳光很灿烂。故选A项。
32.C bury埋; shake晃动; bow低(头); nod点头。情绪的改善,自信的恢复使作者不再低头生活而是笑对同学。故选C项。
33.D 举手回答问题是自信的表现。故选D项。
34.C 尽管遭遇了失败,作者仍然(still)渴望梦想中的大学。故选C项。
35.C 作者过去害怕失败,但现在不怕了,所以前后为转折关系。故选C项。
第二节
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文,讲述美国探险家Colin O'Brady独自横跨南极的经历。
36.Although/Though/While 考查连词。句意:尽管它有着神奇的景观,但很多人仍然对这个冰冷的荒漠感到很害怕。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导让步状语从句,故填Although或Though或While。
37.to cross 考查动词不定式。句意:三个月前,他成为第一个独自跨越南极的人。此处名词person被序数词the first修饰,后用不定式作定语。
38.himself 考查反身代词。句意:他必须把自己逼到极限。主语是He,所以要用反身代词作宾语。
39.thinner 考查形容词比较级。由空后的and weaker可知应该用比较级,指与六周之前相比他的身体更瘦、更弱了。
40.have lost 考查动词的时态。 由句中的so far(到目前为止)可知应该用现在完成时,所以用have lost。
41.taking 考查现在分词。句意:这两个人一起出发,O'Brady领先。此处包含with的复合结构,take与O'Brady是主动关系,动作已发生,所以用现在分词(而不用不定式)形式。
42.Luckily 考查副词。 此处应填副词,构成副词短语Luckily for him,作状语。
43.of 考查介词。此处of表示“关于……”,the spirit of exploration 意为“探索精神”。
44.an 考查冠词。此处泛指他是一名运动员。表示职业身份的名词作表语,其前要用不定冠词,athlete以元音音素开头,故用an。
45.strength 考查名词。此处指他相信我们都有这种力量。设空处作have的宾语,应用名词。故填strength。
第三部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
Dear Peter,
I'm sorry to know that you were knocked out in the final of the Chinese Poetry Conference last week. I'm writing to express my sincere concern for you.
I understand how you are feeling. You made careful preparations in advance and tried your best, so there is nothing to regret. As a saying goes, “Failure is the mother of success.” As a matter of fact,it's really a successful failure since you've learned a valuable lesson from this experience. I do hope that you won't lose heart and will keep on learning Chinese. There will be many opportunities to show your talent in the future. If you keep on trying, you are sure to win in the next competition.
Don't hesitate to let me know if you need further help.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
One possible version:
Unlike parents, supporters of PE maintain students should participate in sports.(要点1) Team and individual sports prevent children getting overweight and help form lifelong habits of exercise.(要点2) PE also cultivates children's team spirits, mutual respect, right attitudes towards competition and builds endurable friendships.(要点3) Last, school PE helps select and train potential athletes for national teams.(要点4)