动词短语和介词短语
一 真题感悟
1.（2021高考全国甲卷改错) Who will you go in times of trouble
2.(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Orange trees are more______ decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.
3.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)The artist was finally humbled(谦卑)by the greatest artist ________earth,Mother Nature.
4.(2020·江苏高考)This actor often has the first two tricks planned before performing, and then goes for_______(what).
5.(2020·浙江高考)Some time after 10,000 BC,people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived ________，through agriculture.
6.(2019·浙江高考)The answer ________this question is not clear.
7.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)In their cages the monkeys were provided ________touch screens.
8.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ) Wang Shu,a 49-year old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize-- which is often referred______as the Nobel Prize in architecture-on February 28.
(2018·北京高考)-Good morning,Mr Lee's office.
-Good morning. I'd like to make an appointment_____ next Wednesday afternoon.
10.(2018·天津高考)The people in the hall seemed very nosy(爱窥探的),keeping their eyes on me ________curiosity.
(2018·江苏高考)Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which calls________ a clear road map and timetable.
(2020·山东高考)Museums must compete __________ people's spare time and money with other amusements.
12.(2018·江苏高考)There are solutions that could light a path _______a more sustainable and fair farm economy, but farmers can't clumsily put them together be
fore us.
13.(2020·全国卷I改错)After that I poured oil into a pan and turned off the stove,I waited patiently unless the oil was hot.
(2020·全国卷Ⅱ改错)I'm glad to know that you've come China to learn kung fu in a school in my hometown.
15.(2018全国卷III )They arrive at the class at low spirits and they leave with a smile.
二 实战模拟
1. Your goals are likely to have the biggest impact _______how you allocate(分配)your savings.
2.Critics say the IB program is not suitable _______every student, or every community.
3.In the fight________the COVID-19 epidemic, many exemplary ind individuals appeared.
4.These competitors are expected to push their own boundaries and set sights _______world levels.
5.They are vulnerable(脆弱的)_________the disease.
6.Beyond the light you're exposing yourself_______, there's also the simple truth that it's easy to get caught up in what you're reading or watching.
7. But according to sleep doctors, it's a smart idea to_______least give it a try.
8.Even if it takes a few tries to overcome failure and get it right, it's worth it to create something brilliant _______the end.
Instead________burning carbs for energy, your body now starts burning stored fat for energy.
a general rule, try eating two to three meals per day.
11 Does everyone know what to do if a fire _________ out
12. There was no one to _________ to, so I felt very sad and helpless.
13. My friend doesn't know which university to choose; she can't_ up her mind about her future.
14. You said you were looking after your sister. Is that the best excuse that you can ________up with
15.I'm going to _______ advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle.
16.The thing that is not whether you fail or not, but whether you try or not________.
17.To everybody's surprise, the fashionable young lady _______ out to be a thief.
18. Ling Feng won the first prize in the national English competition and I'm glad that her efforts at last ________ off.
19.He has been fired and will have to_______ over his responsibility tomorrow.
20. The old houses are being pulled down to ________room for a new office block.
21.Let's learn to use the problem we are facing_______a stepping-stone to future success.
22. Parents need to encourage kids to develop their potential ________putting too much pressure on them.
23. Star skater Wu Dajing won China's first gold medal at the 2018 Pyeong Chang Olympic Winter Games _______breaking world record in short track men's 500m.
24. Just hang the towel _______the back of the chair so that it will dry soon.
25.Although the price has gone up by 5%,it's still
the limit set by the government.
26. In the deaf culture of North America, many listeners show applause not by clapping their hands but by waving them_______the air.
27.Although some people played jokes _______the answers,it didn't take long before they began to figure out the true meanings of happiness.
With so few specimens of panda bears left ________ the world.
Chinese calligraphy is an art of _________(turn) Chinese characters into images through pressure and speed variations of the pointed Chinese brush.
It is seen _________ the walls of offices, shops, hotels, and houses everywhere.
A
体裁： 说明文 主题语境：人与社会
Many of Van Gogh's paintings were inspired by warm, yellow sunlight because he loved how it could light up the world in different ___1 __(way). His painting Sun flowers, for example, ___2___ (fill) with vivid yellows and browns. These colors give the painting a feeling of ___3___(warm)and well-being. However, the sunflowers are actually dead and dying. The result is a painting that ___4___(combine) the warmth of life with the feelings of sadness. It is a painting that is warm, beautiful and sad at the same time.
Van Gogh's____5__ (famous)painting, The Starry! Night, takes this mixture of joy and sadness one step further. This is a picture known by the world. It is full ___6__ deep blues and shadows,___7__ represents the sadness that Van Gogh felt as he painted. ___8___ , the stars and moon in The Starry Night are ___9__ (unusual) bright and the light is swirling(旋动)above the darkening hills. It is a landscape that shows ___10__(warm)in the painting
1._________ 2.__________ 3.___________ 4.__________ 5._________
6._________ 7.__________ 8.___________ 9.__________ 10._________
B
体裁:新闻报道 主题语境:人与社会--“云毕业”
A recent survey found that 88.6 percent of new Chinese college graduates celebrated their graduation ___1___ digital form because of the COVID-19 epidemic.
The graduates ___2___ (survey) mainly celebrated their graduation by making graduation ___3___ (video),watching graduation ceremonies and buying academic dresses(学位服)online,according to a report ___4___was carried by China Youth Daily.
“This year's graduation was a special and ___5___ (forget) experience for me." Zhang Hanqi , a graduate in Beijing, ___6___ (interview) by the newspaper last week.
“___7___I couldn't say goodbye to my teachers and classmates in person, and was unable to take ___8___ final tour of the campus as a student, this feeling of regret gave me a greater appreciation for campus life and engraved these youthful memories deep in my heart."
Around 64.5 percent of the respondents think this year's graduation is of special significance, and 68 percent of them say they know ___9___ to better cherish the people around them as a result.
In order to reduce the risk of infection, since June, colleges across the country___10___(adopt) an unprecedented(没有先例的)form of graduation as scheduled. Shu Man, a researcher with East China Jiaotong University, told China Youth Daily.
1._________ 2.__________ 3.___________ 4.__________ 5._________
6._________ 7.__________ 8.___________ 9.__________ 10._________
C
体裁: 记叙文 主题语境:人与自然----动物保护
With fewer than 2,000 giant pandas left in the wild, the sighting of one of the lovely animals is a cause for___1___( celebrate). However, the one recently spotted walking through a bamboo forest in China's Sichuan Province is even more so, ___2___( consider) that it is the world's first known all-white panda!
It___3___(spot) by an infrared(红外线的)camera set up to monitor the wildlife in the Wolong National Nature Reserve on May 25,2019, ___4___is also home to China's first giant panda breeding and research center. Wolong officials estimate the panda,whose sex is hard ___5___ (determine) from the photo, is between one and two years old.
___6___is generally believed that the giant panda's unique black and white coloring allows it to blend in with the snow during winter or to hide in the shade during summer. Some ___7___ (scientist) also believe the dark circles around the eyes help the panda bears recognize each other. ___8___ (lucky) the lack of markings does not seem to have affected the all white panda so far.
The researchers say albino(患白化病的动物)animals are rare in general. That's because it can only happen if both parents carry the gene. With so few specimens of panda bears left___9___the world, the possibility of that happening is almost next to impossible. Researchers believe if its offspring can be photographed, it will be ___10___ (value) for further research.
1._________ 2.__________ 3.___________ 4.__________ 5._________
6._________ 7.__________ 8.___________ 9.__________ 10._________
四 完形填空 组合练 A B C
A
I was in the fifth grade when I first dipped my fingers into the endless ocean of expression and allowed my hands to grow a(n) __1__.
I remember my hands being sweaty as I wandered __2__ into her classroom. From corner to corner, the __3__ were decorated with clippings (剪报) and posters __4__ deafness and American Sign Language. Pictures of __5__ hands hung from the bulletin boards (宣传牌)．
Once the rest of my classmates __6__ in their seats, she began. She did not speak. Her hands __7__ about gracefully as she signed, “Hello. My name is Ms Lewison. Your name what？” These signs did not __8__ until later that week, but still I sat upright at my desk, trying to figure them out. My entire first impression of her was “__9__”．
As months passed, my class transformed to an unusually large family. Ms Lewison was like our __10__. When we were feeling troubled, we just let our __11__ do the talking. The lesson became less about following the lesson itself and more about __12__.
Ms Lewsion performed a tough task. She __13__ replaced all the ignorance in me with __14__. Then she opened my __15__ and opened it even wider. She would find time to turn me into a __16__ signer. She taught me that there are no limits and my abilities are __17__.
Today my fingers have learned to __18__. Ms Lewison pushed me __19__ into the ocean of Deaf Culture and I have become a strong swimmer in diverse __20__.
1．A.picture B．voice C．order D．poster
2．A.calmly B．excitedly C．quickly D．anxiously
3．A.walls B．ocean C．students D．desks
4．A.caused by B．related to C．contributed to D．aimed at
5．A.welcoming B．outstanding C．signing D．waving
6．A.settled B．seated C．backed D．locked
7．A.flowed B．wandered C．flew D．came
8．A.draw attention B．make sense C．catch sight D．hold breath
9．A.silent B．dull C．strange D．strict
10．A.teacher B．partner C．friend D．mother
11．A.bodies B．hearts C．hands D．eyes
12．A.sings B．language C．love D．life
13．A.successfully B．finally C．easily D．unwillingly
14．A.confidence B．patience C．curiosity D．freedom
15．A.mouth B．mind C．arms D．fingers
16．A.clever B．unique C．special D．fluent
17．A.endless B．strong C．weak D．uncertain
18．A.dip B．dance C．swim D．think
19．A.firmly B．hardly C．gently D．heavily
20．A.classes B．worlds C．families D．waters
B
As a stroke (中风) survivor, I can't complain, because I'm alive and walking, and that's more than was expected. I had the stroke when I was three weeks old, so people seem to think that it would have little __1__ on my life now. Honestly, even the title “stroke survivor” feels unusual to me.
Now at sixteen, I am partially blind, and I had trouble __2__ even at eight. I had no idea why I couldn't run and play like other kids. Most of my time was spent reading a book or watching the sky.
__3__， when I was nine, my parents asked me to learn gymnastics. That was when my life __4__. Predictably, for a girl who couldn't even walk or run as a normal nine year old, doing gymnastics is extremely __5__. Anyhow, finally I felt determined. I felt determined just like I'd felt determined to run with the kids on the playground. __6__ it was even stronger than that: I truly, genuinely, felt like I __7__ this. I needed to be superhuman.
I worked __8__ than the other kids, but still got fewer __9__. After all, you can't tumble (翻筋斗) until you can run, and you can't run until you can walk. That's just the obvious __10__ of things. But somehow, I __11__ it. There were some __12__ to my situation: I had __13__ so much that I was extremely pain tolerant. __14__ the others I felt like I had something huge to gain. I completed conditioning workouts without __15__. I listened to every criticism. I __16__ to walk. Then I can run and even tumble.
Last year I __17__ my peak (巅峰). After all that time, I reached one of the highest __18__ of gymnastics. This meant that I'd earned the __19__ to travel and compete.
The final and greatest __20__ were to compete in Hawaii, and to compete one last time in a State Championship. I took third all around in Hawaii, and took first on beam at State. The girl who couldn't walk took first on beam.
1．A.comment B．focus C．impression D．influence
2．A.reading B．walking C．sleeping D．speaking
3．A.Fortunately B．Naturally C．Frequently D．Anyway
4．A.changed B．suffered C．faded D．started
5．A.stressful B．tiring C．challenging D．surprising
6．A.So B．But C．And D．Therefore
7．A.lost B．ignored C．bought D．needed
8．A.farther B．less C．harder D．better
9．A.companions B．prizes C．results D．rewards
10．A.value B．process C．sign D．cause
11．A.pointed out B．agreed with C．heard of D．got through
12．A.advantages B．contacts C．troubles D．concerns
13．A.benefited B．fallen C．recalled D．advanced
14．A.Unlike B．With C．Without D．Except
15．A.working B．arguing C．complaining D．struggling
16．A.pretended B．failed C．planned D．learned
17．A.attained B．quit C．hated D．chose
18．A.virtues B．levels C．ranges D．rates
19．A.respect B．reputation C．right D．confidence
20．A.adventures B．approaches C．athletes D．opportunities
C
The term “the imaginary audience” was invented by American child psychologist David Elkind in 1967. It is defined as a psychological state in an adolescent, __1__ by the belief that people around are eagerly watching or listening to him or her. This is because __2__ are aware of the physical changes __3__ in their bodies. And they are __4__ concerned with how everyone is __5__ these changes.
The __6__ of the imaginary audience are common. Teens would repeatedly change their clothes to look __7__ to others. Or they would follow different ongoing __8__ that may help them fit into society. If wearing checkered shirts and jeans is the current fashion, teens would __9__ like that just to give a good __10__ on their imaginary audiences. Teens also worry about the __11__ mistakes they make in social settings. A blackhead could make an adolescent girl __12__ all day as she feels that she is being watched and __13__. __14__， in reality, there are only a small percentage of people who are actually interested in how somebody else __15__.
Though “the imaginary audience” is considered to be a __16__， it is a natural process in which an adolescent tries to develop a better understanding of his or her __17__ with the world. As an individual's perception (理解) of the world __18__， he or she will gain more __19__ viewpoints on his or her roles among people, rather than imaginary ones. Thus, the effects of imaginary audiences will gradually __20__.
1．A.misled B．held C．driven D．represented
2．A.adults B．teenagers C．elders D．professors
3．A.occurring B．fighting C．hiding D．meeting
4．A.suddenly B．gradually C．strongly D．randomly
5．A.viewing B．facing C．accepting D．making
6．A.causes B．requirements C．examples D．results
7．A.elegant B．plain C．sweet D．smart
8．A.events B．trends C．tips D．principles
9．A.dress B．behave C．talk D．live
10．A.comment B．assessment C．impression D．instruction
11．A.strangest B．biggest C．fastest D．slightest
12．A.wonder B．relax C．sweat D．laugh
13．A.judged B．refused C．attracted D．reported
14．A.Therefore B．However C．Moreover D．Instead
15．A.sounds B．feels C．smells D．looks
16．A.disorder B．relief C．pity D．blessing
17．A.competition B．association C．comparison D．satisfaction
18．A.reduces B．shows C．works D．matures
19．A.narrow B．permanent C．realistic D．personal
20．A.run out B．fade away C．set in D．come back动词短语和介词短语
一 真题感悟
1.（2021高考全国甲卷改错) Who will you go in times of trouble
【答案】go后面加to
【解析】考查动词短语go to, 此处表示在遇到困难的时候你会去找谁？
2.(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Orange trees are more______ decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.
【答案】than
【解析】考查介语短语。 此处意为“橘子树不仅仅是装饰品”,more than“不仅仅，不只是”。故填than。
3.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)The artist was finally humbled(谦卑)by the greatest artist ________earth,Mother Nature.
【答案】on
【解析】句意:这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家--大自然母亲所折服。onearth“在世界上”，故填 on。
4.(2020·江苏高考)This actor often has the first two tricks planned before performing, and then goes for_______(what).
【答案】whatever
【解析】 句意:这个演员通常在表演前就已经计划好了前两个技巧，然后全力以赴。此处作goes for的宾语,指代“任何事情”,whatever符合语境。
5.(2020·浙江高考)Some time after 10,000 BC,people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived ________，through agriculture.
【答案】in
【解析】句意:公元前10,000年以后， 们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世 界。“they lived________ ”为定语从句，修饰先行词the world,先行词在从句中作宾语，即they lived in the world。live in+名词，意为“居住在某地”。
6.(2019·浙江高考)The answer ________this question is not clear.
【答案】to
【解析】句意:这个问题的答案尚 明确。the answer 18 to.….“……的答案”，为固定搭配。
7.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)In their cages the monkeys were provided ________touch screens.
【答案】with
【解析】此处考查动词短语。 provide sb with sth“供应某人某 物”，故填 with。
8.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ) Wang Shu,a 49-year old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize-- which is often referred______as the Nobel Prize in architecture-on February 28.
【答案】to
【解析】: 句意:在2月28日，49岁的中国建筑师王澍获得了2012年普利兹克建筑奖，该奖项被誉为“建筑界的诺贝尔奖”。refer to...(as..)“提到;谈及;说起”。
(2018·北京高考)-Good morning,Mr Lee's office.
-Good morning. I'd like to make an appointment_____ next Wednesday afternoon.
【答案】for
【解析】此处表示“我”想预约下个星期三下午(的时，间)。make an appointment for后接时间，意为“约定于……”。故此处用介词for。
10.(2018·天津高考)The people in the hall seemed very nosy(爱窥探的),keeping their eyes on me ________curiosity.
【答案】with
【解析】句意:客厅的人们很爱窥探似的，好奇地一直盯着我。with curiosity“好奇地;带着好奇心”。
(2018·江苏高考)Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which calls________ a clear road map and timetable.
【答案】for
【解析】句意：发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和时间表的系统工程。Call for表示“需要”。
(2020·山东高考)Museums must compete __________ people's spare time and money with other amusements.
【答案】for
【解析】 句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。compete for“为了……竞争”，为固定短语。
12.(2018·江苏高考)There are solutions that could light a path _______a more sustainable and fair farm economy, but farmers can't clumsily put them together be
fore us.
【答案】towards
【解析】句意:虽然有指引通向可 持续的、公平 的农业经济的解决方案，但是农民们不 把这些方案 展现在我们面前。towards“通向……”。
13.(2020·全国卷I改错)After that I poured oil into a pan and turned off the stove,I waited patiently unless the oil was hot.
【答案】off→on
【解析】句意:之后我把油倒进一个平底锅，然后开火。根据“I poured oil into a pan”及常识可知，把油倒进锅里后应是打开炉子，所以应使用短语 turn on。故将 off改为on。
(2020·全国卷Ⅱ改错)I'm glad to know that you've come China to learn kung fu in a school in my hometown.
【答案】come后加to
【解析】此处come为不及物动词，后接宾语需要加相应介词。Come to意为“来到”，是固定短语。故在come和China之间加to。
15.(2018全国卷III )They arrive at the class at low spirits and they leave with a smile.
【答案】第二个at改为in
【解析】考查介词短语。In low spirits表示“情绪低落”，为固定短语。
二 实战模拟
1. Your goals are likely to have the biggest impact _______how you allocate(分配)your savings.
【答案】on
【解析】have an impact on..为固定用法,表示“对…有影响”。故填on。
2.Critics say the IB program is not suitable _______every student, or every community.
【答案】for
【解析】be suitable for…为固定用法,表示“适合……”。故填 for。
3.In the fight________the COVID-19 epidemic, many exemplary ind individuals appeared. 【答案】against
【解析】the fight against…为固定用法，表 示“与……的对抗”。
4.These competitors are expected to push their own boundaries and set sights _______world levels.
【答案】on
【解析】set sights on…为固定用法,意为“以……为奋斗目标;决心做到……”。故填on。
5.They are vulnerable(脆弱的)___________the disease.
【答案】to
【解析】be vulnerable to….为固定用法,表示“易受…的伤害”。故填to。
6.Beyond the light you're exposing yourself_______, there's also the simple truth that it's easy to get caught up in what you're reading or watching.
【答案】to
【解析】expose oneself to…表示“使自己面临,使自己遭受(危险或不快)”。故填to。
7. But according to sleep doctors, it's a smart idea to_______least give it a try.
【答案】at
【解析】at least为固定用法,表示“至少”。故填at。
8.Even if it takes a few tries to overcome failure and get it right, it's worth it to create something brilliant_______the end.
【答案】in
【解析】in the end为固定用法,表示“最后,最终”。故填in。
Instead________burning carbs for energy, your body now starts burning stored fat for energy.
【答案】of
【解析】instead of 为固定用法,表示“取代……,而不是……”。故填of。
_________a general rule, try eating two to three meals per day.
【答案】as
【解析】as a general rule为固定用法,表示“一般说来故填As。
11 Does everyone know what to do if a fire _________ out
【答案】breaks
【解析】由语境可知,本句意为“如果发生火灾，大家知道做什么吗 ”。break out意为(不愉快之事)爆发;突然发生”;if引导的条件状语从句应用一般现在时。故填 break。
12. There was no one to _________ to, so I felt very sad and helpless.
【答案】turn
【解析】由后句句意“我感到很伤感、无助”可知前句表示的是“没人可以求助”。tum to意为“向……求助”,符合语境。
13. My friend doesn't know which university to choose; she can't_________ up her mind about her future.
【答案】make
【解析】由前一分句的句意“我的朋友不知道该选择哪所大学”可推知,后句应表达的是“对于她的未来她还没有拿定主意”。make up one's mind 意为“下定决心”，且 cant 后应接动词原形,故填make。
14. You said you were looking after your sister. Is that the best excuse that you can ________up with
【答案】come
【解析】根据语境可知,后句表达的是想出的最好的理由。come up with 意为“想出”,符合语境。
15.I'm going to _______ advantage of this tour to explore the his tory of the castle.
【答案】take
【解析】根据 to explore the history of the castle 可知“我”将利用这次旅行来探索这座城堡的历史。take advantage of是固定搭配,意为“利用”。
16.The thing that is not whether you fail or not, but whether you try or not________.
【答案】matters
【解析】由句意可知,此处表达的是“重要的不是你是否失败,而是你是否尝试过”,故填 matters。
17.To everybody's surprise, the fashionable young lady _______ out to be a thief.
【答案】turned
【解析】由 to everybodys surprise 可知,后半句表达的是“结果这位时尚的年轻女士是一个小偷”。turn out to be 意为“结果是……”。
18. Ling Feng won the first prize in the national English competition and I'm glad that her efforts at last ________ off.
【答案】paid
【解析】由语境可知,此处是指“我很高兴她的努力带
来了好的结果”。pay off 为固定短语,意为“取得成功,带来好结果”。根据won 可知,时态应用一般过去时。
19.He has been fired and will have to_______ over his respon sibility tomorrow.
【答案】hand
【解析】由前半句可知,后半句表达的是“明天他将不得不将移交他的职务”。handover意为“把(权力或责任)移交给(某人)”。
20. The old houses are being pulled down to ________room for a new office block.
【答案】make/leave
【解析】由前半句“The old houses are being pulled down”可知,旧房子被推倒,是为一栋新的办公大楼腾出空间。make/leave room for.….为固定短语,意为“为…腾出空间”。
21.Let's learn to use the problem we are facing_______a stepping-stone to future success.
【答案】as
【解析】句意:让我们学会把我们所面临的问题作为未来成功的垫脚石。根据句意可知，此处意为“作为”。
22. Parents need to encourage kids to develop their potential ________putting too much pressure on them.
【答案】without
【解析】句意:父母需要在不给孩子们施加太多压力的情况下鼓励他们发展自己的潜能。without“没有”。
23. Star skater Wu Dajing won China's first gold medal at the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games _______breaking world record in short track men's 500m.
【答案】by
【解析】句意:明星速滑运动员武大靖在2018平昌冬季奥运会赢得中国第一枚金牌,打破了男子500米短道男子速滑的世界纪录。by doingsth为固定搭配，意为“凭借/通过做某事”,根据句意可知填by。
24. Just hang the towel _______the back of the chair so that it will dry soon.
【答案】over
【解析】句意:把毛巾挂在椅背上,这样它很快就会晾干。over“在上面”。表示椅背上面，故填over。
25.Although the price has gone up by 5%,it's still
the limit set by the government.
【答案】within
【解析】句意:虽然价格已经上涨了5%，但是仍然在政府设定的限度之内。within“在……之内”,符合句意。
26. In the deaf culture of North America, many listeners show applause not by clapping their hands but by waving them_______the air.
【答案】by
【解析】答案:in 句意:在北美聋人文化中，许多听众不是通过拍手而是通过在高空中挥动双手以表示鼓掌。in the air“在空中”。
27.Although some people played jokes _______the answers,it didn't take long before they began to figure out the true meanings of happiness.
【答案】on
【解析】此处意为“尽管有些人对答案开玩笑”。play jokes on“开……的玩笑”,为固定搭配。
With so few specimens of panda bears left ________ the world.
【答案】in
【解析】考查介词的固定短语。In the world 为固定短语，意为“在世界上。故填in。
Chinese calligraphy is an art of _________(turn) Chinese characters into images through pressure and speed variations of the pointed Chinese brush.
【答案】turning
【解析】考查介词后面的动词非谓语形式。turn...into把......转变成。
It is seen _________ the walls of offices, shops, hotels, and houses everywhere.
【答案】on
【解析】考查介词。此处指“在墙的表面上”，应用介词on(“表示在......表面上”)。
三 语法填空组合练 A B C
A
体裁： 说明文 主题语境：人与社会
Many of Van Gogh's paintings were inspired by warm, yellow sunlight because he loved how it could light up the world in different ___1 __(way). His painting Sun flowers, for example, ___2___ (fill) with vivid yellows and browns. These colors give the painting a feeling of ___3___(warm)and well-being. However, the sunflowers are actually dead and dying. The result is a painting that ___4___(combine) the warmth of life with the feelings of sadness. It is a painting that is warm, beautiful and sad at the same time.
Van Gogh's____5__ (famous)painting, The Starry! Night, takes this mixture of joy and sadness one step further. This is a picture known by the world. It is full ___6__ deep blues and shadows,___7__ represents the sadness that Van Gogh felt as he painted. ___8___ , the stars and moon in The Starry Night are ___9__ (unusual) bright and the light is swirling(旋动)above the darkening hills. It is a landscape that shows ___10__(warm)in the painting
1._________ 2.__________ 3.___________ 4.__________ 5._________
6._________ 7.__________ 8.___________ 9.__________ 10._________
篇章导读:安介绍著名画家凡·高的作品的艺术特点。
1. 【解析】考查名词。根据 different可知后面应用名词复数形式，故答案为 ways。
2. 【答案】is filled
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。本句客观地描述凡·高作品的艺术特点,应用一般现在时;句子的主语为His painting,且此处构成 sth be filled with.... 故填 is filled。
3. 【答案】warmth
【解析】考查词性转换。由设空前的of可知,设空处应用名词形式。故填warmth。
4. 【答案】combines
【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:结果，这幅画成了将生命的温暖与悲伤的感觉结合在一起的画作。这是对油画《向日葵》的描述，句子用一般现在时;此处apainting是先行词,故此处用第三人称单数形式，故答案为combines。
5. 【答案】most famous
【解析】考查形容词的最高级。句意:凡·高最著名的作品《星夜》,使这种喜悦和悲伤的融合更深一步。结合句意可知,此处用形容词最高级，故答案为mostfa- mous。
6. 【答案】of
【解析】考查固定词组。befullof“充满……”,故答案为of。
7. 【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。句意:这幅画充满了深蓝色的阴影,代表凡·高在绘画时所感受到的悲伤。此处是整个主句作先行词，后面用which引导的非限制性定语从句来补充说明主句的内容,故答案为which。
8. 【答案】However
【解析】考查副词。上一句中的“the sadness that Van Gogh felt”和本句中的“bright and light”在描述凡·高《星夜》的画作特点上形成对比和转折关系，应填 However.
9. 【答案】unusually
【解析】考查词性转换。副词修饰形容词bright，结合句意可知，此处表示“异常地明亮”,故答案为unusually。
10. 【答案】warmth
【解析】考查词性转换。show(展示)是及物动词，后面应接名词作宾语,故答案为warmth。
B
体裁:新闻报道 主题语境:人与社会--“云毕业”
A recent survey found that 88.6 percent of new Chinese college graduates celebrated their graduation ___1___ digital form because of the COVID-19 epidemic.
The graduates ___2___ (survey) mainly celebrated their graduation by making graduation ___3___ (video),watching graduation ceremonies and buying academic dresses(学位服)online,according to a report ___4___was carried by China Youth Daily.
“This year's graduation was a special and ___5___ (forget) experience for me." Zhang Hanqi , a graduate in Beijing, ___6___ (interview) by the newspaper last week.
“___7___I couldn't say goodbye to my teachers and classmates in person, and was unable to take ___8___ final tour of the campus as a student, this feeling of regret gave me a greater appreciation for campus life and engraved these youthful memories deep in my heart."
Around 64.5 percent of the respondents think this year's graduation is of special significance, and 68 percent of them say they know ___9___ to better cherish the people around them as a result.
In order to reduce the risk of infection, since June, colleges across the country___10___(adopt) an unprecedented(没有先例的)form of graduation as scheduled. Shu Man, a researcher with East China Jiaotong University, told China Youth Daily.
1._________ 2.__________ 3.___________ 4.__________ 5._________
6._________ 7.__________ 8.___________ 9.__________ 10._________
语篇导读:由于新冠肺炎疫情,我国大部分大学生以“云毕业”的方式毕业。
【答案】in
【解析】考查介词。in...form 为固定用法,意为“以…形式”,in digital form 意为“以数字形式”。故填 in。
【答案】surveyed
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知celebrated为谓语动词,空处应由非谓语动词作定语,来修饰 graduates;survey 与其逻辑主语 The graduates 是动宾关系,所以用过去分词作定语。故填surveyed。
【答案】videos
【解析】考查名词的数。video意为“视频”,为可数名词。由上文的Thegraduates2(survey)mainly celebrated their graduation 可知,此处应用复数形式。
【答案】which/that
【解析】考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句,且在句中作主语。先行词report指物,故由which或者that引导该从句。
【答案】unforgettable
【解析】考查词性转换。空处修饰名词 experience,作定语,应用形容词形式;分析语境可知,此处表示今年的毕业典礼对“我”来说是一次既特殊又难忘的经历。故填unforgettable。
【答案】was interviewed
【解析】考查时态、语态及主谓一致。分析句子可知,空处为句子的谓语。主语ZhangHanqi为单数,其与 interview 是动宾关系,且由时间状语last week 可知,此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was interviewed。
【答案】Although/Though/While
【解析】考查状语从句。分析语境可知,虽然“我”无法与老师和同学们当面道别,也无法作为一名学生最后一次参观校园,这种遗憾之感让“我”对校园生活有了更大的感激。主句及从句之间是让步关系，空处引导让步状语从句,表示“虽然,尽管”。故填 Although/Though/While。
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。take a tour of….意为“参观……,游览……”,为固定结构。
【答案】how
【解析】考查疑问词。分析语境可知,空处表示方式，意为“如何”。进而推知此处表示“如何更好地珍惜他们周围的人”,故填 how。
【答案】have adopted
【解析】考查时态、语态及主谓一致。由时间状语since June可知,此处应用现在完成时,且主语 colleges 为复数形式,其与adopt 为主谓关系。故填have unforgettable 【解析】考查词性转换。空处修饰名词 experience,作定语,应用形容词形式;分析语境可知,此处表示今年的毕业典礼对“我”来说是一次既特殊又难忘的经历。故填unforgettable。
C
体裁: 记叙文 主题语境:人与自然----动物保护
With fewer than 2,000 giant pandas left in the wild, the sighting of one of the lovely animals is a cause for___1___( celebrate). However, the one recently spotted walking through a bamboo forest in China's Sichuan Province is even more so, ___2___( consider) that it is the world's first known all-white panda!
It___3___(spot) by an infrared(红外线的)camera set up to monitor the wildlife in the Wolong National Nature Reserve on May 25,2019, ___4___is also home to China's first giant panda breeding and research center. Wolong officials estimate the panda,whose sex is hard ___5___ (determine) from the photo, is between one and two years old.
___6___is generally believed that the giant panda's unique black and white coloring allows it to blend in with the snow during winter or to hide in the shade during summer. Some ___7___ (scientist) also believe the dark circles around the eyes help the panda bears recognize each other. ___8___ (lucky) the lack of markings does not seem to have affected the all white panda so far.
The researchers say albino(患白化病的动物)animals are rare in general. That's because it can only happen if both parents carry the gene. With so few specimens of panda bears left___9___the world, the possibility of that happening is almost next to impossible. Researchers believe if its offspring can be photographed, it will be ___10___ (value) for further research.
1._________ 2.__________ 3.___________ 4.__________ 5._________
6._________ 7.__________ 8.___________ 9.__________ 10._________
1. 【答案】celebration
【解析】考查词性转换。for为介词,后面应由名词形式作宾语,且celebration 是不可数名词。
【答案】considering
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知， ( consider ) that it is the world's first known all-white panda作原因状语,且consider与其逻辑主语是主谓关系，所以应由现在分词作原因状语。故填considering。
【答案】was spotted
【解析】考查时态、语态及主谓一致。由时间状语“on May 25,2019”可知,时态为一般过去时,且主语It为单数形式,其与spot之间是动宾关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态。
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,且在句中作主语。先行词 Wolong National Nature Reserve 指物,故由关系代词 which 引导该从句。
【答案】to determine
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处为“be+形容词+ to do…"结构,意为“做……是……的”。故填to determine。
【答案】lt
【解析】考查代词。分析句子可知,空处作形式主语,that从句作真正的主语。故填It。
It is said/believed/reported/thought/supposed/hoped/expected that.“据说/据相信/据报道/据认为/推断/希望/预计……”其中it为形式主语,that从句作真正的主语。
【答案】scientists
【解析】考查名词的数。根据Some 可知,此处要用名词的复数形式,且scientist是可数名词。故填 scientists.
【答案】Luckily
【解析】考查词性转换。此处置于句首,用以修饰整个句子,要用副词形式,故填Luckily。
【答案】in
【解析】考查固定用法。in the world 为固定用法,意为“在世界上”。故填in。
【答案】valuable
【解析】考查词性转换。根据willbe可知,此处要用形容词作表语。故填valuable.
四 完形填空 组合练 A B C
A
I was in the fifth grade when I first dipped my fingers into the endless ocean of expression and allowed my hands to grow a(n) __1__.
I remember my hands being sweaty as I wandered __2__ into her classroom. From corner to corner, the __3__ were decorated with clippings (剪报) and posters __4__ deafness and American Sign Language. Pictures of __5__ hands hung from the bulletin boards (宣传牌)．
Once the rest of my classmates __6__ in their seats, she began. She did not speak. Her hands __7__ about gracefully as she signed, “Hello. My name is Ms Lewison. Your name what？” These signs did not __8__ until later that week, but still I sat upright at my desk, trying to figure them out. My entire first impression of her was “__9__”．
As months passed, my class transformed to an unusually large family. Ms Lewison was like our __10__. When we were feeling troubled, we just let our __11__ do the talking. The lesson became less about following the lesson itself and more about __12__.
Ms Lewsion performed a tough task. She __13__ replaced all the ignorance in me with __14__. Then she opened my __15__ and opened it even wider. She would find time to turn me into a __16__ signer. She taught me that there are no limits and my abilities are __17__.
Today my fingers have learned to __18__. Ms Lewison pushed me __19__ into the ocean of Deaf Culture and I have become a strong swimmer in diverse __20__.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Ms Lewison（刘易森女士）努力训练“我”成为流利的手语者，最终“我”可以在各个领域如鱼得水的故事。
1．A.picture B．voice C．order D．poster
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文“when I first dipped my fingers into the endless ocean of expression”可知，“我”让手指发出声音(voice)。故选B。
2．A.calmly B．excitedly C．quickly D．anxiously
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据上文“my hands being sweaty”可知，“我”焦虑地走进她的课堂。故选D。
3．A.walls B．ocean C．students D．desks
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据“were decorated with clippings (剪报) and posters”可知，墙上装饰着剪报和海报。故选A。
4．A.caused by B．related to C．contributed to D．aimed at
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据“deafness and American Sign Language”可知，这些海报是关于失聪和美国手势语的。故选B。
5．A.welcoming B．outstanding C．signing D．waving
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据“American Sign Language”可知，宣传牌上悬挂着手的图片。故选C。
6．A.settled B．seated C．backed D．locked
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据下文“she began”可知，“我”其余的同学都安坐在座位上。故选A。
7．A.flowed B．wandered C．flew D．came
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据下文“gracefully as she signed”可知，她的手做手势的时候很优雅，像是飞舞一样。故选C。
8．A.draw attention B．make sense C．catch sight D．hold breath
【答案】 B
【解析】 draw attention “引起注意”；make sense “有意义”；catch sight “看见”；hold breath “屏住呼吸”。根据下文“trying to figure them out”可知，这些手势对“我”来说还没有意义，即“我”还看不懂这些手势。故选B。
9．A.silent B．dull C．strange D．strict
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据上文“as she signed, ‘Hello. My name is Ms Lewison. Your name what？’”可知，“我”对Ms Lewison的第一印象是沉默(silent)。因为Ms Lewison是用手势打招呼，没有说话。故选A。
10．A.teacher B．partner C．friend D．mother
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据上文“As months passed, my class transformed to an unusually large family.”可推知，既然是成为一个大家庭，那么Ms Lewison就像他们的妈妈。故选D。
11．A.bodies B．hearts C．hands D．eyes
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据上文“allowed my hands”可知，当我们有困难的时候，我们让手来说话。故选C。
12．A.sings B．language C．love D．life
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据上文“When we were feeling troubled”可知，课程不太像课程，而是更加贴近生活。故选D。
13．A.successfully B．finally C．easily D．unwillingly
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据上文“Ms Lewison performed a tough task.”可知，Ms Lewison 成功地用好奇心代替“我”的无知。故选A。
14．A.confidence B．patience C．curiosity D．freedom
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据下文“Then she opened my __15__ and opened it even wider.”可知，“我”心里充满了好奇(curiosity)。故选C。
15．A.mouth B．mind C．arms D．fingers
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文“replaced all the ignorance in me with__14__”可知，她打开了“我”的思想。故选B。
16．A.clever B．unique C．special D．fluent
【答案】 D
【解析】 句意：她花时间将“我”变成一名流利的手语者。故选D。
17．A.endless B．strong C．weak D．uncertain
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据上文“there are no limits”可知，她告诉“我”没有限制，“我”的能力是无止境的。故选A。
18．A.dip B．dance C．swim D．think
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文可知，“我”学会了手语，手能够上下飞舞，像舞蹈(dance)一样。故选B。
19．A.firmly B．hardly C．gently D．heavily
【答案】 D
【解析】 firmly “坚定地”；hardly “几乎不”；gently “轻轻地”；heavily “沉重地”。句意：Ms Lewison轻柔地将“我”推进聋哑文化的海洋。故选C。
20．A.classes B．worlds C．families D．waters
【答案】 D
【解析】 waters “水域”。根据“a strong swimmer”可知，“我”成为了不同领域的强者。故选D。
B
As a stroke (中风) survivor, I can't complain, because I'm alive and walking, and that's more than was expected. I had the stroke when I was three weeks old, so people seem to think that it would have little __1__ on my life now. Honestly, even the title “stroke survivor” feels unusual to me.
Now at sixteen, I am partially blind, and I had trouble __2__ even at eight. I had no idea why I couldn't run and play like other kids. Most of my time was spent reading a book or watching the sky.
__3__， when I was nine, my parents asked me to learn gymnastics. That was when my life __4__. Predictably, for a girl who couldn't even walk or run as a normal nine year old, doing gymnastics is extremely __5__. Anyhow, finally I felt determined. I felt determined just like I'd felt determined to run with the kids on the playground. __6__ it was even stronger than that: I truly, genuinely, felt like I __7__ this. I needed to be superhuman.
I worked __8__ than the other kids, but still got fewer __9__. After all, you can't tumble (翻筋斗) until you can run, and you can't run until you can walk. That's just the obvious __10__ of things. But somehow, I __11__ it. There were some __12__ to my situation: I had __13__ so much that I was extremely pain tolerant. __14__ the others I felt like I had something huge to gain. I completed conditioning workouts without __15__. I listened to every criticism. I __16__ to walk. Then I can run and even tumble.
Last year I __17__ my peak (巅峰). After all that time, I reached one of the highest __18__ of gymnastics. This meant that I'd earned the __19__ to travel and compete.
The final and greatest __20__ were to compete in Hawaii, and to compete one last time in a State Championship. I took third all around in Hawaii, and took first on beam at State. The girl who couldn't walk took first on beam.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位16岁，眼睛半盲的中风幸存者战胜疾病实现梦想的故事。
1．A.comment B．focus C．impression D．influence
【答案】 D
【解析】 前面提到“我”出生三周的时候患上了中风，所以人们认为似乎过去这么久了，这个病对“我”没什么“影响”了。
2．A.reading B．walking C．sleeping D．speaking
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据后面语境“I __16__ to walk. Then I can run and even tumble.” 可知，甚至在八岁时“我”走路都困难。
3．A.Fortunately B．Naturally C．Frequently D．Anyway
【答案】 A
【解析】 虽然八岁时走路困难，但是，幸运的是，九岁时，父母让“我”学习体操。
4．A.changed B．suffered C．faded D．started
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据前面“Most of my time was spent reading a book or watching the sky.”和后面提到“I reached one of the highest __18__ of gymnastics”可知，就在那时“我”的生活开始改变。
5．A.stressful B．tiring C．challenging D．surprising
【答案】 C
【解析】 对于一个不能像正常的9岁孩子一样走或跑的孩子来说，练体操显然是非常有挑战性的。
6．A.So B．But C．And D．Therefore
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据前一句“I felt determined just like I'd felt determined to run with the kids on the playground.”可知“我”决心要学好体操，下一句表示“但岂止是决心，就是极度渴望”，前后句为转折关系，所以应该用but表示转折。
7．A.lost B．ignored C．bought D．needed
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据后面语境“I needed to be superhuman.”可知，“我”真的觉得“我”需要跟其他孩子一样奔跑。
8．A.farther B．less C．harder D．better
【答案】 C
【解析】 因为难度大，所以“我”比其他孩子更努力。
9．A.companions B．prizes C．results D．rewards
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据前面语境“I worked __8__ than the other kids, but still”可知，但是仍然没有多少成效。
10．A.value B．process C．sign D．cause
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据前面语境“you can't tumble (翻筋斗) until you can run, and you can't run until you can walk”可知，这是事情的发展进程。
11．A.pointed out B．agreed with C．heard of D．got through
【答案】 D
【解析】 从走路到跑步，从跑步到翻筋斗，是“我”所经历的，但是“我”完成了。
12．A.advantages B．contacts C．troubles D．concerns
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据后面语境“I was extremely pain tolerant”可知，“我”有一些优势。
13．A.benefited B．fallen C．recalled D．advanced
【答案】 B
【解析】 前面提到“我”走路有困难，“我”摔得太厉害了，所以“我”能忍受极为剧烈的疼痛。
14．A.Unlike B．With C．Without D．Except
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据上文语境“我”跟别人不一样，“我”要经历比别人多的困难，也能忍受更大的疼痛，所以是unlike the others。
15．A.working B．arguing C．complaining D．struggling
【答案】 C
【解析】 前面提到“我”能忍受极为剧烈的疼痛，可知，“我”没有抱怨就完成了体能训练。
16．A.pretended B．failed C．planned D．learned
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据后面语境“Then I can run and even tumble.”可知，“我”学会了走路。
17．A.attained B．quit C．hated D．chose
【答案】 A
【解析】 最后一段提到了“我”所取得的一系列成绩，可知，“我”达到了高峰。
18．A.virtues B．levels C．ranges D．rates
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据前面语境“Last year I __17__ my peak (巅峰)．”可知，“我”达到了体操的一种最高水平。
19．A.respect B．reputation C．right D．confidence
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据前面语境“I reached one of the highest __18__ of gymnastics.”可知，这意味着“我”赢得了旅行和比赛的权利。
20．A.adventures B．approaches C．athletes D．opportunities
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据前面语境“I'd earned the __19__ to travel and compete”可知，最后也是最大的机会是在夏威夷比赛。
C
The term “the imaginary audience” was invented by American child psychologist David Elkind in 1967. It is defined as a psychological state in an adolescent, __1__ by the belief that people around are eagerly watching or listening to him or her. This is because __2__ are aware of the physical changes __3__ in their bodies. And they are __4__ concerned with how everyone is __5__ these changes.
The __6__ of the imaginary audience are common. Teens would repeatedly change their clothes to look __7__ to others. Or they would follow different ongoing __8__ that may help them fit into society. If wearing checkered shirts and jeans is the current fashion, teens would __9__ like that just to give a good __10__ on their imaginary audiences. Teens also worry about the __11__ mistakes they make in social settings. A blackhead could make an adolescent girl __12__ all day as she feels that she is being watched and __13__. __14__， in reality, there are only a small percentage of people who are actually interested in how somebody else __15__.
Though “the imaginary audience” is considered to be a __16__， it is a natural process in which an adolescent tries to develop a better understanding of his or her __17__ with the world. As an individual's perception (理解) of the world __18__， he or she will gain more __19__ viewpoints on his or her roles among people, rather than imaginary ones. Thus, the effects of imaginary audiences will gradually __20__.
篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了“假想观众”概念对青少年的影响。
1．A.misled B．held C．driven D．represented
【答案】 D
【解析】 本句是“假想观众”的定义，其主要特征是认为周围的人热切地关注他或她。“represent”意为“体现”，故选D。
2．A.adults B．teenagers C．elders D．professors
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文中的“adolescent”可知，此处指青少年，故选B。
3．A.occurring B．fighting C．hiding D．meeting
【答案】 A
【解析】 本句讲述发生这种心理状态的原因，即青少年意识到他们身体内发生(occur)的变化，故选A。
4．A.suddenly B．gradually C．strongly D．randomly
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据上文中的“eagerly watching or listening”可知，青少年强烈地关注周遭人的眼光，故选C。
5．A.viewing B．facing C．accepting D．making
【答案】 A
【解析】 此处指看待这些身体变化，用view，故选A。
6．A.causes B．requirements C．examples D．results
【答案】 C
【解析】 本段介绍了“假想观众”存在的事例，故选C。
7．A.elegant B．plain C．sweet D．smart
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据本句“Teens would repeatedly change their clothes”以及语境可知，青少年勤换衣服是为了看起来衣着讲究的(smart)，故选D。
8．A.events B．trends C．tips D．principles
【答案】 B
【解析】 本句仍旧是说明青少年关注穿着；青少年还会跟随不同的潮流以融入社会，故选B。
9．A.dress B．behave C．talk D．live
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据前一句以及设空前的“If wearing checkered shirts and jeans is the current fashion” 可知，为了给“假想观众”留下好的印象，青少年会那样穿着。此处dress为最佳选项。
10．A.comment B．assessment C．impression D．instruction
【答案】 C
【解析】 此处指留下好印象，用impression，故选C。
11．A.strangest B．biggest C．fastest D．slightest
【答案】 D
【解析】 此处指“假想观众”存在的另一个例子：青少年担心他们在社交场合中犯最轻微的过失，故选D。
12．A.wonder B．relax C．sweat D．laugh
【答案】 C
【解析】 此处指一个黑头就能让一个青春期女生担心一整天。sweat意为“担心；焦虑；不安”，故选C。
13．A.judged B．refused C．attracted D．reported
【答案】 A
【解析】 此处意为她总感觉被人关注和评价(judge)着，故选A。
14．A.Therefore B．However C．Moreover D．Instead
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据前后句意可知，为转折关系，故选B。
15．A.sounds B．feels C．smells D．looks
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据上下文语义可知，只有小部分人真正对他人外表感兴趣，故选D。
16．A.disorder B．relief C．pity D．blessing
【答案】 A
【解析】 从后文的“it is a natural process”可知，尽管“假想观众”被认为是一种疾病(disorder)，故选A。
17．A.competition B．association C．comparison D．satisfaction
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意：在这个过程中，青少年能更好地理解他或她和世界的关系(association)，故选B。
18．A.reduces B．shows C．works D．matures
【答案】 D
【解析】 句意：随着个体对世界的理解变得成熟，他或她对自己在人群里的角色将获得更切合实际的看法。mature为动词，意为“成熟”，故选D。
19．A.narrow B．permanent C．realistic D．personal
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据后文中的“rather than imaginary ones”可知，此处指更加切合实际的看法，realistic “现实的”，故选C。
20．A.run out B．fade away C．set in D．come back
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据语境可知，“假想观众”的影响会逐渐消退，run out “用完，耗尽”；fade away “逐渐消失”。故选B。
