人教版(2019)选择性必修第三册Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle 单元练习（含答案）
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UNIT 2 Healthy Lifestyle 单元练习
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Decision-making under stress
A new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative consequences of a decision.
The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.
“Stress affects how people learn,” says Professor Mara Mather. “People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.”
For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images(影像) with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadn't gone through the stress.
This phenomenon is probably not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress—at those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also easily recalled.
The research also found that stress appears to affect decision-making differently in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.
Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better, when caution weighs more, however, women will win.
This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.
1.According to the research, stress affects people most probably in their .
A.ways of making choices
B.preference for pleasure
C.tolerance of punishments
D.responses to suggestions
2.We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to .
A.keep rewards better in their memory
B.recall consequences more effortlessly
C.make risky decisions more frequently
D.learn a subject more effectively
3.The research has proved that in a stressful situation, .
A.women find it easier to fall into certain habits
B.men have a greater tendency to slow down
C.women focus more on outcomes
D.men are more likely to take risks
B
Being fat is a non-stop fight between not being noticed and attracting much notice. Sometimes you want to be accepted; instead, you're singled out and judged. In 2015, when I became the first plus-size designer to win Project Runway, I hoped it would be a moment not only for inclusive fashion, but also for all other fat human beings out there. It wasn't just me who had won; we'd won. Many women told me they were afraid to wear bright colors or show off their arms until they saw me doing it. But some of the words on the Internet were terrible: “Why did they pick that fat designer ” “How can she encourage such an unhealthy lifestyle ” My positive psychology was affected. I got sad and negative and put on more weight. I reached a point where I couldn't climb stairs without losing my breath.
I finally realized that if I didn't take care of myself, I couldn't keep doing what I loved, so I went to see a doctor and started doing exercise every day. After that I got more judgments, this time from people in the fat group who once supported me. They turned their backs on me and said, “You can't be body positive and still losing weight.” I thought, “Well, why not I wasn't trying to be ‘prettier’; I wanted to have control of my life.”
Size should not divide us, whether we are fat, thin, or anywhere in the between. I'm designing clothes for plus women, but one day I might be open to designing straight(直筒型的) sizes. People judge me for that, too. But I just want to create clothes that make people feel good. I want every woman to love herself and go after her dreams like I did.
4.What was the author's hope after she won Project Runway
A.People would look up to her.
B.Other fat people would share her pride.
C.The clothes she designed would sell well.
D.Fat people would lead the fashion industry.
5.What did the author do after she saw the words on the Internet
A.She lost interest in fashion.
B.She lost control of her body.
C.She stopped wearing bright colors.
D.She decided to have a healthy lifestyle.
6.What was fat people's attitude to the author when she started losing weight
A.Dissatisfied.
B.Uninterested.
C.They laughed at her.
D.They couldn't believe it.
7.In which part of a newspaper might this passage appear
A.Environment. B.Medicine.
C.Career. D.Entertainment.
C
A Good Night's Sleep
Sleep plays a vital role in good health and well-being throughout your life.While you're sleeping, your brain is forming new pathways to help you learn and remember information. Although we all know the importance of getting a good night's sleep, not all of us know the best way of getting it. A sleep expert, Phil Atherton, gave some top tips for getting the most out of the night, which will leave you ready for action in the morning.
According to Phil Atherton, not eating a large meal before bedtime is important for getting a good night's sleep. The interval between eating and sleeping should be at least three hours. So you'd better avoid eating any food three hours before bed, as it will lower your blood sugar during sleep and help minimize the damage from too much sugar floating around.
It's also important to find ways to prepare your body for sleep. You can follow a routine like trying not to expose yourself to too much artificial light within one hour before bed, as your brain uses light to help set the internal “body clock”. Although it might seem unnatural to schedule your sleep, the purpose is to send a signal to your body and mind that it's time to sleep.
Another way to prepare your body for sleep is to get into a relaxed state by taking a bath or listening to soft music. Both of them will help to take the mind off the daytime pressure.
Having a suitable bed, especially a suitable mattress (床垫), is necessary for a good night's sleep. Sleep is a personalized activity, and we all adopt different sleeping positions. Finding the mattress that suits you will reduce back pains that can result from a poor sleeping position. The bed should be four to six inches longer than its tallest user, allowing for space to move around.
The recent research is pretty clear that a good night's sleep is a major component of good health. Since the start of the 21st century, studies have linked a lack of sleep to many diseases, such as diabetes and obesity. Taking action now will lead to long-term benefits for you and those around you.
8.What does the author intend to tell us in the passage
A.When to start a sound sleep.
B.How to get a good night's sleep.
C.What to do with sleep problems.
D.Why form a good habit of sleeping.
9.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A.Not eating food.
B.Having a meal.
C.Not sleeping well.
D.Having a good sleep.
10.According to the author, before going to sleep, you'd better .
A.free yourself from tension
B.check your blood sugar
C.relieve your pain in the back
D.record your biological clock
11.Which of the following shows the organization of the passage
CP: Central Point
P: Point
Sp: Sub-point (次要点)
C: Conclusion
A. B.
C. D.
D
One of the greatest sources of unhappiness, in my experience, is the difficulty we have in accepting things as they are.
When we see something we don't like, we wish it could be different. We cry out for something better. That may be human nature, or perhaps it's something ingrained(根深蒂固的) in our culture. The root of unhappiness isn't necessarily that we want things to be different. However, it's that we decided we didn't like it in the first place. We've judged it as bad, rather than saying, “It's not bad or good, and it just is it.”
In one of my books, I said, “You should expect people to mess up and expect things to go differently than you planned.” Some readers said it's too sorrowful to expect things to go wrong. However, it's only negative if you see it as negative and judge it as bad. Instead, you could accept it as the way the world works and try to understand why that is.
This can be applied to whatever you do: how other people act at work, how politics works and how depressing the news media can be. Accept these things as they are, and try to understand why they're that way. It will save you a lot of sadness, because you'll no longer say, “Oh, I wish bad things didn't happen!”
Does it mean you can never change things Not at all. Change things not because you can't accept things as they are, but because you enjoy the process of changing, learning and growing.
Can we make this world a better place You can say that you'll continue to try to do things to help others, to grow as a person, to make a difference in this world. That's the correct path you choose to take, because you enjoy that path. Therefore, when you find yourself judging and wishing for difference, try a different approach: accept, and understand. It might lead to some interesting results.
12.The author believes that we feel unhappy maybe because .
A.it is our natural emotion in life
B.culture asks us to be different from others
C.everyone has their own opinions on things
D.we dislike something in the beginning
13.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A.Acting well at work and in politics.
B.Feeling depressed for the news media.
C.Accepting and understanding what has happened.
D.Saying something negative when bad things come.
14.What advice does the author give according to the last paragraph
A.Help others and make a difference.
B.Enjoy what you have to do in the work.
C.Judge yourself and make a wish for yourself.
D.Try a new way when making the world better.
15.What is the main theme of the passage
A.Accepting can make our life happier and better.
B.Expecting things to be different gives us hope.
C.Traditional culture becomes the root of unhappiness.
D.Judging good or bad is important for our world.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Are you sometimes stressed out Singing is a simple and effective way to reduce stress. It is beneficial mainly in the following three aspects.
Physical Benefits
16 This is especially recommended to the elders and those who have some forms of disability in their voice. However, it is important to find a capable instructor to employ good singing techniques so as not to further damage vocal cords (声带) or lungs.
Singing also helps to improve your posture. Most people think that singing begins and ends with their mouths. 17 Singing practice will get you used to the proper body position of standing and help you form the good habit of standing straight.
Emotional Benefits
Singing helps in reducing your depression in psychology and lowering your stress level. When you sing, your body releases chemicals that make you feel happy, easing the tension and helping you to relax. 18
Social Benefits
The social benefits of singing are huge. 19 So people who suffer from stage fright are advised to sing in front of family and friends before a live performance.
Singing is also very good for improving your communication skills. It is said that singing to babies helps to prepare their brains for a language and may lessen the risk of language problems later in life. 20 The time spent in group singing, whether in a choir or at karaoke, creates a deep and lasting bond of friendship.
A.Try to regain your memory by singing.
B.Usually, it can help build up your confidence greatly.
C.When you sing, you can give your lungs a workout.
D.Singing helps you to strengthen your immune system.
E.For adults, singing also enlarges your circle of friends.
F.In fact, the position of each body part affects your voice.
G.So, start to sing your favorite song next time you are feeling upset.
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A parent's hopes for 2030
When 2010 arrived, my son was only a year old—tiny and 21 , the master of a few basic words, but still mostly the baby we'd welcomed into the world.
Now my baby has grown into an 22 —tall, strong, and smart, a lover of Akira Kurosawa's samurai movies.
A 23 from now, in 2030, he will be an adult. I expect the next 10 years to fly by, and be filled with 24 . As 2020 begins, I am thinking about the kind of world my son will face and experience. I 25 about him, and about all the young people of his age. So I have several hopes for the world my son and his generation will live in.
I hope we finally get 26 about climate change. Polar ice is melting. The oceans are rising. The question is 27 whether we can stop climate change, but whether we're willing and able to do anything to 28 it.
I'm not sure what a warming planet will 29 to my son's life. I suspect it means he will live in a world where nations and groups 30 limited resources like clean water and food, which means that the danger of climate change won't come just from rising oceans, but from humans' competing for control over what's 31 .
The world is always going to be full of 32 about how to solve the challenges we face. I hope, too, that my son's generation learns to 33 justice—but to do so with a big heart and humility, recognizing our common humanity (人性)even with people who 34 us.
The world of 2030 won't 35 itself. We are creating it now, so my final wish is that we build the kind of world we actually want our children to live in.
21.A.special B.generous
C.intelligent D.dependent
22.A.athlete B.adolescent
C.artist D.engineer
23.A.month B.century
C.year D.decade
24.A.questions B.experience
C.danger D.change
25.A.worry B.sacrifice
C.owe D.arrange
26.A.particular B.serious
C.optimistic D.enthusiastic
27.A.for sure B.as usual
C.no longer D.till now
28.A.slow B.record
C.complete D.multiply
29.A.mean B.obtain
C.share D.seek
30.A.pick up B.fight for
C.turn down D.take part in
31.A.finished B.continued
C.started D.left
32.A.aims B.examples
C.disagreements D.results
33.A.escape B.express
C.seek D.affect
34.A.differ from B.agree with
C.refer to D.call for
35.A.explode B.admire
C.prove D.build
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Up to 82 percent of children with healthy mothers are not easy to be obese(肥胖的), according to research. A mother, 36 has a healthy weight, exercises regularly, eats a healthy diet, doesn't smoke cigarettes and 37 (drink) wine in moderation, is significantly less likely 38 (have) a fat child.
And research suggests it could have more to do with nurture(养育) 39 nature, as a mother's lifestyle appears 40 (direct) linked to the health of her child. When both a mother and her child follow a healthy lifestyle, the risk of obesity 41 (reduce)even more, the study of more than 24,000 children found.
The study examined the medical history and lifestyles of more than 24,000 children 42 (age)nine to fourteen, born to almost 17,000 women in the US. Researchers studied the link between a mother's overall health and the likelihood of a child 43 (be) obese.
The mother's health is judged from her height-to-weight ratio(比例), her diet, amount of physical 44 (active), smoking status and how much alcohol she drinks. A healthy weight and diet, regular exercise, no smoking and moderate drinking all reduce the chance of a woman having 45 obese child.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41.
42. 43. 44. 45.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假如你是李华,你的澳大利亚笔友David在邮件中透露,他觉得他的朋友吸烟很酷,也想尝试一下,为此征求你的意见。请你根据以下提示,给David回一封邮件,劝他不要吸烟。
写作要点:
1.吸烟危害大,会影响自身及他人的健康;
2.一旦上瘾,很难戒除;
3.提倡健康、积极的生活方式。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.文章应该包括上述要点中的所有信息,但不必逐条翻译;
3.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear David,
I have learned from your email that you want to try smoking as you think it is very cool.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Alex was very excited because New Year's Eve was approaching. Suddenly, he saw his grandfather sitting alone looking very unhappy.
Alex went to him and asked, “Grandpa, why are you sitting alone Is there anything wrong with you ”
His grandfather replied, “No, I am fine. I just feel like sitting alone.”
“Grandpa, you know the New Year is near, so are you preparing for it ” asked Alex excitedly.
“No dear, I am not. With the passage of time, the world has completely changed and I don't see any point in celebrating the world I see today,” answered his grandfather disappointedly.
“I know something is wrong with you and you are not telling me. Please tell me what the problem is,” Alex said.
“I feel like I am a stranger in the world I am living in. It is not the same as I have known. Now everyone is busy with their own work. Your father is busy with business, your brother is busy on the computer, your sister is busy studying abroad and your mum is busy with household work. I don't know how to pass my days,” said his grandfather sadly.
“Grandpa, you have me!” said Alex.
His grandfather smiled and said, “Yeah, you are here, but what about others In old days, we had a fixed time each day when the whole family sat together and talked, shared problems and laughed together.”
That night Alex thought about what his grandfather had said and an idea flashed through his mind. He decided to have a surprise New Year party at his own home and make everyone come together that day. As New Year's Eve got nearer, Alex got busy preparing for the party. He kept it a secret from his grandfather and asked everyone not to let him know about it in order to surprise him.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
It was December 31 and everyone was busy with their own work.
Paragraph 2:
Alex saw his grandfather looking very happy while talking with the family members.
参考答案与解析
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A
1.A 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.”可知选择A项。
2.A 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.(人们在压力之下记住更多的是积极后果而不是消极后果。)”和第四段中的“In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadn't gone through the stress.(在以上两个案例中,受到压力的这些参与者相对于那些没有经历压力的人来说,对于奖励的材料记得更准确,而惩罚的材料记得没有那么准确。)”可知,人们在压力之下对奖励即积极结果的记忆更深刻。故选A(更好地把奖励留在他们的记忆中)。
3.D 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big,men may tend to do better...”可知,在有压力的情况下,男人更有可能去冒险,故选D。
B
4.B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的I hoped it would be a moment not only for inclusive fashion, but also for all other fat human beings out there可知,作者在获奖后希望其他胖人也会分享她的自豪。故选B。
5.B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的I got sad and negative and put on more weight. I reached a point where I couldn't climb stairs without losing my breath.可知,作者看到互联网上人们对她的评论后感到消极、悲伤,体重增加了,即她无法控制自己的身体。故选B。
6.A 推理判断题。根据第二段中的After that I got more judgments, this time from people in the fat group who once supported me. They turned their backs on me and said, “You can't be body positive and still losing weight.”可知,胖人们在为自己不想减肥找理由,对于作者开始减肥表示不支持、不满意。故选A。
7.C 推理判断题。本文介绍了作者在得奖后因为肥胖而受到人们褒贬不一的评价,因此心情一度受到影响,后来她意识到不管胖瘦,健康和对梦想的追求才是最重要的。由此推断这篇文章会出现在报纸的职业栏目。故选C。
C
8.B 主旨大意题。通读文章可知,第一段引出如何获得更好的睡眠这一话题,接下来提出了几个提高睡眠质量的建议,故选B(如何睡个好觉)。
9.A 词义猜测题。根据第二段中“So you'd better avoid eating any food three hours before bed, as it will lower your blood sugar during sleep and help minimize the damage from too much sugar floating around.(所以你最好在睡觉前三小时避免吃任何东西,因为那会帮助减少漂浮在周围的过多糖分造成的伤害)”可知,it指代的是上文说的不要吃东西,故选A。
10.A 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Another way to prepare your body for sleep is to get into a relaxed state”可知,睡前要放松,不要紧张。故选A。
11.C 逻辑结构题。根据全文可知,首段提出论题:如何提高睡眠质量 之后列举分论点。第二段讲述饮食方面:睡前3 小时别吃东西;第三段和第四段都是阐述如何去让身体做好睡觉的准备:可以减少接触光源,也可以听轻音乐或洗澡来放松你的状态;第五段从准备一张合适的床垫这一方面进行阐述。尾段总结:进一步强调睡眠质量与健康的关系。故C项正确。此类逻辑结构题需要同学们在理解全文的基础上对文章所描述事件的发展顺序、所说明事物的层次或在论述观点过程中使用的方法进行归纳和总结。大家做这类题时要注意树立整体观念,把握文章的整体结构。
D
12.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的The root of unhappiness isn't necessarily that we want things to be different. However, it's that we decided we didn't like it in the first place. 可知,作者认为,我们感到不快乐可能是因为我们一开始就不喜欢某种事物。故选D。
13.C 词义猜测题。根据第四段中的Accept these things as they are, and try to understand why they're that way. It will save you a lot of sadness, because you'll no longer say, “Oh, I wish bad things didn't happen!”(接受这些事情本来的样子,试着去理解它们为什么会是那样。这会帮你省去很多悲伤,因为你不会再说“啊,我希望坏事不要发生!”)可知,it指的是“接受并理解发生了什么”。故选C。
14.D 推理判断题。前面几段作者提出的建议是学会接受和理解,最后一段指出我们仍然可以做些什么让世界变得更美好,只是在改变之前应该尝试一种新的方式:先去接受并理解这个世界。故选D。
15.A 主旨大意题。根据第一段One of the greatest sources of unhappiness, in my experience, is the difficulty we have in accepting things as they are.和最后一段中try a different approach: accept, and understand可知,本文讲述的是“接受能让我们的生活更快乐、更美好”。故选A。
第二节
16.C 空后句子提到这是专门推荐给声带有问题的人和老年人的,句中的This指代推荐理由,即唱歌的好处,本段最后一句中的lungs与选项C中的lungs呼应。故判断C选项内容符合语境。
17.F 根据本段首句可知,本段强调唱歌对人的体态的影响,F选项中的the position of each body part和本段首句中的posture呼应,而且内容符合语境。故选F。
18.G 本段介绍的是唱歌有助于减轻抑郁症状,降低压力水平,而本空位于段尾,应该对本段内容起总结、概括作用,由此判断G选项内容符合语境,可以承接上文。故选G。
19.B 空后内容是建议患有舞台恐惧症的人在现场演出前在家人和朋友面前唱歌,由此推断此处表示唱歌有助于不自信的人树立自信。故B选项内容符合语境。
20.E 根据空后内容可知,无论是在合唱团还是在卡拉OK,花在集体演唱上的时间都能建立起深厚而持久的友谊。故可知唱歌可以扩大人们的朋友圈,帮助人们交朋友,下文的friendship可对应到E选项中的friends,故选E。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
21.D 考查形容词词义。句意:当2010年到来的时候,我的儿子只有一岁,小小的,需要依靠,他掌握了一些基本的词,但基本上还是我们欢迎来到这个世界的那个婴儿。special特殊的;generous慷慨的;intelligent聪明的;dependent依靠的。由上文可知,儿子仅仅一岁,还很小,小孩子是需要依靠的。故选D。
22.B 考查名词词义。句意:现在,我的婴儿已经长成一个青少年——又高又壮又聪明,一个黑泽明的武士电影的爱好者。athlete运动员;adolescent青少年;artist艺术家;engineer工程师。根据下文A 23 from now, in 2030, he will be an adult.可知在2030年,他会成为一个成年人,联系上文2010年他刚刚一岁,可知他现在是青少年。故选B。
23.D 考查名词词义。句意:从现在开始十年后,在2030年,他将会成为一个成年人。month月;century世纪;year年;decade十年。根据下文I expect the next 10 years to fly by,可知作者期待着下一个十年飞逝,因此此处是十年。故选D。
24.D 考查名词词义。句意:我期待着下一个十年飞逝并且充满变化。question问题;experience经验;danger危险;change变化。十年后儿子会长大成人,而这其中是充满变化的。故选D。
25.A 考查动词词义。句意:我为他和所有和他同龄的年轻人担心。worry担忧;sacrifice牺牲;owe欠;arrange安排。根据下文作者提到了一些这个世界现存的问题可知,此处表示作者担心自己的儿子及所有他这个年龄的年轻人。故选A。
26.B 考查形容词词义。句意:我希望我们最终能认真对待气候变化。particular特别的;serious认真的;optimistic乐观的;enthusiastic热情的。get serious about为固定搭配,意为“认真对待”,故选B。
27.C 考查固定短语。句意:问题不再是我们是否能阻止气候变化,而是我们是否愿意且能够去做任何事来使它变缓。for sure无疑;as usual像往常一样;no longer不再;till now到现在为止。此处为not...but...结构。故选C。
28.A 考查动词词义。句意同上题。slow使变慢;record记录;complete完成;multiply (使)大大增加。联系上文可知,it指代climate change,结合语境可知,我们不能阻止,但能减缓气候变化。故选A。
29.A 考查动词词义。句意:我不确定一个变暖的星球对我儿子的生活将意味着什么。mean意味着;obtain获得;share分享;seek寻找。根据后句提示I suspect it means...可知作者不确定全球变暖对儿子的生活意味着什么。故选A。
30.B 考查动词短语。句意:我怀疑这意味着,他将生活在一个国家和团体争夺有限资源比如干净的水和食物的世界……。pick up捡起;fight for为……斗争;turn down关小;take part in参与。下文中的but from humans' competing for control over与fight for对应。其他选项均不符合语境。故选B。
31.D 考查动词词义。句意:……这意味着气候变化的危险将不仅仅来自海平面上升,而且来自为了控制所剩的资源而竞争的人类。finish完成;continue继续;start开始;leave留下。故选D。
32.C 考查名词词义。句意:关于如何解决我们面临的挑战,这个世界总是会充满争论。aim目标;example例子;disagreement争论,分歧;result结果。故选C。
33.C 考查动词词义。句意:我也希望我儿子这一代人学会寻求正义——但要怀着宽广的胸怀和谦逊去这样做,即使是同那些和我们不一样的人,也要意识到我们共同的人性。escape逃脱;express表达;seek寻找;affect影响。故选C。
34.A 考查动词短语。句意同上题。differ from与……不同;agree with同意;refer to提及;call for需要。本句中的even意为“即使”,表转折,前面为common,则后面应该为differ from。故选A。
35.D 考查动词词义。句意:2030年的世界不会自己建设出来。explode爆炸;admire赞赏;prove证明;build建造。根据下一句中的we build the kind of world可知应用build。故选D。
第二节
36.who 考查定语从句。句意:一个体重正常、经常锻炼、饮食健康、不吸烟且适量饮酒的母亲的孩子肥胖的可能性要小得多。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词为mother,指人,故填关系代词who。
37.drinks 考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知设空处与has、exercises、eats和doesn't smoke并列作谓语,故用一般现在时。主语为A mother,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,故填drinks。
38.to have 考查不定式。be likely to do sth.可能做某事。
39.than 考查介词。句意:研究表明,和天性相比,这可能更多地与后天养育有关,因为母亲的生活方式似乎与孩子的健康直接相关。根据空前的more判断此处填than,表示比较。
40.directly 考查副词。修饰过去分词linked应该用副词形式。故填directly。
41.is reduced 考查时态和语态。句意:这项包含24,000多名儿童的研究发现,当母亲和孩子都遵循健康的生活方式时,肥胖的风险甚至会降低更多。根据句意可知此句描述的是客观事实,而且the risk of obesity与reduce之间是被动关系,所以应该用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is reduced。
42.aged 考查形容词。句意:这项研究调查了美国近17,000名妇女所生的24,000多名9到14岁的儿童的病史和生活方式。分析句子结构可知, nine to fourteen作后置定语,修饰children,表示9到14岁的儿童,所以设空处应用形容词aged,表示“……岁的”。
43.being 考查动名词。句意:研究人员研究了母亲的整体健康状况与孩子肥胖的可能性之间的关系。空格处作介词of的宾语,故用动名词形式,其中child是动名词的逻辑主语。故填being。
44.activity 考查名词。句意:母亲的健康状况根据她的身高体重比、饮食、运动量、吸烟情况和饮酒量等因素判断。physical activity意为“体育活动”,此时的activity为不可数名词。故填activity。
45.an 考查冠词。句意:正常的体重和饮食、定期锻炼、不吸烟以及适量饮酒都能降低女性生一个肥胖孩子的概率。child是单数可数名词,此处泛指一个肥胖的孩子,而且obese以元音音素开头。故填an。
第三部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
Dear David,
I have learned from your email that you want to try smoking as you think it is very cool. As far as I can see,smoking is a bad habit.
It is widely believed that smoking has harmful effects on one's body. It can do terrible damage to your heart,and even cause cancer. Additionally,cigarette smoking will affect the health of your family members.What's worse,you will find it hard to give up once you are addicted to cigarette smoking.
I suggest you live a healthy and active life. You'd better often take part in sports to build you up and develop some healthy hobbies to enjoy life.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节
One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
It was December 31 and everyone was busy with their own work. Alex's grandfather was sitting in his room silently, looking very lonely.When the clock struck 8 p.m., everyone started gathering in the living room and when Grandpa came out of his room, he was surprised to find everyone there. “Today, we are not going anywhere but enjoying the party for you!” Alex said. The whole family apologized for being busy with their lives. Then they had a wonderful dinner talking, sharing problems and laughing together.
Paragraph 2:
Alex saw his grandfather looking very happy while talking with the family members. They looked back on the old days and planned for the future.“I hope we won't be separate again.It never changes that home is where all family members are together,” Alex said, looking at his ageing grandfather. Others agreed and appointed several occasions when the whole family would get together regularly. Grandpa was moved to tears, wishing to enjoy life with everyone. Despite the cold outside, the whole family couldn't be warmer in their heart.
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Decision-making under stress
A new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative consequences of a decision.
The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.
“Stress affects how people learn,” says Professor Mara Mather. “People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.”
For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images(影像) with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadn't gone through the stress.
This phenomenon is probably not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress—at those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also easily recalled.
The research also found that stress appears to affect decision-making differently in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.
Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better, when caution weighs more, however, women will win.
This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.
1.According to the research, stress affects people most probably in their .
A.ways of making choices
B.preference for pleasure
C.tolerance of punishments
D.responses to suggestions
2.We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to .
A.keep rewards better in their memory
B.recall consequences more effortlessly
C.make risky decisions more frequently
D.learn a subject more effectively
3.The research has proved that in a stressful situation, .
A.women find it easier to fall into certain habits
B.men have a greater tendency to slow down
C.women focus more on outcomes
D.men are more likely to take risks
B
Being fat is a non-stop fight between not being noticed and attracting much notice. Sometimes you want to be accepted; instead, you're singled out and judged. In 2015, when I became the first plus-size designer to win Project Runway, I hoped it would be a moment not only for inclusive fashion, but also for all other fat human beings out there. It wasn't just me who had won; we'd won. Many women told me they were afraid to wear bright colors or show off their arms until they saw me doing it. But some of the words on the Internet were terrible: “Why did they pick that fat designer ” “How can she encourage such an unhealthy lifestyle ” My positive psychology was affected. I got sad and negative and put on more weight. I reached a point where I couldn't climb stairs without losing my breath.
I finally realized that if I didn't take care of myself, I couldn't keep doing what I loved, so I went to see a doctor and started doing exercise every day. After that I got more judgments, this time from people in the fat group who once supported me. They turned their backs on me and said, “You can't be body positive and still losing weight.” I thought, “Well, why not I wasn't trying to be ‘prettier’; I wanted to have control of my life.”
Size should not divide us, whether we are fat, thin, or anywhere in the between. I'm designing clothes for plus women, but one day I might be open to designing straight(直筒型的) sizes. People judge me for that, too. But I just want to create clothes that make people feel good. I want every woman to love herself and go after her dreams like I did.
4.What was the author's hope after she won Project Runway
A.People would look up to her.
B.Other fat people would share her pride.
C.The clothes she designed would sell well.
D.Fat people would lead the fashion industry.
5.What did the author do after she saw the words on the Internet
A.She lost interest in fashion.
B.She lost control of her body.
C.She stopped wearing bright colors.
D.She decided to have a healthy lifestyle.
6.What was fat people's attitude to the author when she started losing weight
A.Dissatisfied.
B.Uninterested.
C.They laughed at her.
D.They couldn't believe it.
7.In which part of a newspaper might this passage appear
A.Environment. B.Medicine.
C.Career. D.Entertainment.
C
A Good Night's Sleep
Sleep plays a vital role in good health and well-being throughout your life.While you're sleeping, your brain is forming new pathways to help you learn and remember information. Although we all know the importance of getting a good night's sleep, not all of us know the best way of getting it. A sleep expert, Phil Atherton, gave some top tips for getting the most out of the night, which will leave you ready for action in the morning.
According to Phil Atherton, not eating a large meal before bedtime is important for getting a good night's sleep. The interval between eating and sleeping should be at least three hours. So you'd better avoid eating any food three hours before bed, as it will lower your blood sugar during sleep and help minimize the damage from too much sugar floating around.
It's also important to find ways to prepare your body for sleep. You can follow a routine like trying not to expose yourself to too much artificial light within one hour before bed, as your brain uses light to help set the internal “body clock”. Although it might seem unnatural to schedule your sleep, the purpose is to send a signal to your body and mind that it's time to sleep.
Another way to prepare your body for sleep is to get into a relaxed state by taking a bath or listening to soft music. Both of them will help to take the mind off the daytime pressure.
Having a suitable bed, especially a suitable mattress (床垫), is necessary for a good night's sleep. Sleep is a personalized activity, and we all adopt different sleeping positions. Finding the mattress that suits you will reduce back pains that can result from a poor sleeping position. The bed should be four to six inches longer than its tallest user, allowing for space to move around.
The recent research is pretty clear that a good night's sleep is a major component of good health. Since the start of the 21st century, studies have linked a lack of sleep to many diseases, such as diabetes and obesity. Taking action now will lead to long-term benefits for you and those around you.
8.What does the author intend to tell us in the passage
A.When to start a sound sleep.
B.How to get a good night's sleep.
C.What to do with sleep problems.
D.Why form a good habit of sleeping.
9.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A.Not eating food.
B.Having a meal.
C.Not sleeping well.
D.Having a good sleep.
10.According to the author, before going to sleep, you'd better .
A.free yourself from tension
B.check your blood sugar
C.relieve your pain in the back
D.record your biological clock
11.Which of the following shows the organization of the passage
CP: Central Point
P: Point
Sp: Sub-point (次要点)
C: Conclusion
A. B.
C. D.
D
One of the greatest sources of unhappiness, in my experience, is the difficulty we have in accepting things as they are.
When we see something we don't like, we wish it could be different. We cry out for something better. That may be human nature, or perhaps it's something ingrained(根深蒂固的) in our culture. The root of unhappiness isn't necessarily that we want things to be different. However, it's that we decided we didn't like it in the first place. We've judged it as bad, rather than saying, “It's not bad or good, and it just is it.”
In one of my books, I said, “You should expect people to mess up and expect things to go differently than you planned.” Some readers said it's too sorrowful to expect things to go wrong. However, it's only negative if you see it as negative and judge it as bad. Instead, you could accept it as the way the world works and try to understand why that is.
This can be applied to whatever you do: how other people act at work, how politics works and how depressing the news media can be. Accept these things as they are, and try to understand why they're that way. It will save you a lot of sadness, because you'll no longer say, “Oh, I wish bad things didn't happen!”
Does it mean you can never change things Not at all. Change things not because you can't accept things as they are, but because you enjoy the process of changing, learning and growing.
Can we make this world a better place You can say that you'll continue to try to do things to help others, to grow as a person, to make a difference in this world. That's the correct path you choose to take, because you enjoy that path. Therefore, when you find yourself judging and wishing for difference, try a different approach: accept, and understand. It might lead to some interesting results.
12.The author believes that we feel unhappy maybe because .
A.it is our natural emotion in life
B.culture asks us to be different from others
C.everyone has their own opinions on things
D.we dislike something in the beginning
13.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A.Acting well at work and in politics.
B.Feeling depressed for the news media.
C.Accepting and understanding what has happened.
D.Saying something negative when bad things come.
14.What advice does the author give according to the last paragraph
A.Help others and make a difference.
B.Enjoy what you have to do in the work.
C.Judge yourself and make a wish for yourself.
D.Try a new way when making the world better.
15.What is the main theme of the passage
A.Accepting can make our life happier and better.
B.Expecting things to be different gives us hope.
C.Traditional culture becomes the root of unhappiness.
D.Judging good or bad is important for our world.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Are you sometimes stressed out Singing is a simple and effective way to reduce stress. It is beneficial mainly in the following three aspects.
Physical Benefits
16 This is especially recommended to the elders and those who have some forms of disability in their voice. However, it is important to find a capable instructor to employ good singing techniques so as not to further damage vocal cords (声带) or lungs.
Singing also helps to improve your posture. Most people think that singing begins and ends with their mouths. 17 Singing practice will get you used to the proper body position of standing and help you form the good habit of standing straight.
Emotional Benefits
Singing helps in reducing your depression in psychology and lowering your stress level. When you sing, your body releases chemicals that make you feel happy, easing the tension and helping you to relax. 18
Social Benefits
The social benefits of singing are huge. 19 So people who suffer from stage fright are advised to sing in front of family and friends before a live performance.
Singing is also very good for improving your communication skills. It is said that singing to babies helps to prepare their brains for a language and may lessen the risk of language problems later in life. 20 The time spent in group singing, whether in a choir or at karaoke, creates a deep and lasting bond of friendship.
A.Try to regain your memory by singing.
B.Usually, it can help build up your confidence greatly.
C.When you sing, you can give your lungs a workout.
D.Singing helps you to strengthen your immune system.
E.For adults, singing also enlarges your circle of friends.
F.In fact, the position of each body part affects your voice.
G.So, start to sing your favorite song next time you are feeling upset.
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A parent's hopes for 2030
When 2010 arrived, my son was only a year old—tiny and 21 , the master of a few basic words, but still mostly the baby we'd welcomed into the world.
Now my baby has grown into an 22 —tall, strong, and smart, a lover of Akira Kurosawa's samurai movies.
A 23 from now, in 2030, he will be an adult. I expect the next 10 years to fly by, and be filled with 24 . As 2020 begins, I am thinking about the kind of world my son will face and experience. I 25 about him, and about all the young people of his age. So I have several hopes for the world my son and his generation will live in.
I hope we finally get 26 about climate change. Polar ice is melting. The oceans are rising. The question is 27 whether we can stop climate change, but whether we're willing and able to do anything to 28 it.
I'm not sure what a warming planet will 29 to my son's life. I suspect it means he will live in a world where nations and groups 30 limited resources like clean water and food, which means that the danger of climate change won't come just from rising oceans, but from humans' competing for control over what's 31 .
The world is always going to be full of 32 about how to solve the challenges we face. I hope, too, that my son's generation learns to 33 justice—but to do so with a big heart and humility, recognizing our common humanity (人性)even with people who 34 us.
The world of 2030 won't 35 itself. We are creating it now, so my final wish is that we build the kind of world we actually want our children to live in.
21.A.special B.generous
C.intelligent D.dependent
22.A.athlete B.adolescent
C.artist D.engineer
23.A.month B.century
C.year D.decade
24.A.questions B.experience
C.danger D.change
25.A.worry B.sacrifice
C.owe D.arrange
26.A.particular B.serious
C.optimistic D.enthusiastic
27.A.for sure B.as usual
C.no longer D.till now
28.A.slow B.record
C.complete D.multiply
29.A.mean B.obtain
C.share D.seek
30.A.pick up B.fight for
C.turn down D.take part in
31.A.finished B.continued
C.started D.left
32.A.aims B.examples
C.disagreements D.results
33.A.escape B.express
C.seek D.affect
34.A.differ from B.agree with
C.refer to D.call for
35.A.explode B.admire
C.prove D.build
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Up to 82 percent of children with healthy mothers are not easy to be obese(肥胖的), according to research. A mother, 36 has a healthy weight, exercises regularly, eats a healthy diet, doesn't smoke cigarettes and 37 (drink) wine in moderation, is significantly less likely 38 (have) a fat child.
And research suggests it could have more to do with nurture(养育) 39 nature, as a mother's lifestyle appears 40 (direct) linked to the health of her child. When both a mother and her child follow a healthy lifestyle, the risk of obesity 41 (reduce)even more, the study of more than 24,000 children found.
The study examined the medical history and lifestyles of more than 24,000 children 42 (age)nine to fourteen, born to almost 17,000 women in the US. Researchers studied the link between a mother's overall health and the likelihood of a child 43 (be) obese.
The mother's health is judged from her height-to-weight ratio(比例), her diet, amount of physical 44 (active), smoking status and how much alcohol she drinks. A healthy weight and diet, regular exercise, no smoking and moderate drinking all reduce the chance of a woman having 45 obese child.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41.
42. 43. 44. 45.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假如你是李华,你的澳大利亚笔友David在邮件中透露,他觉得他的朋友吸烟很酷,也想尝试一下,为此征求你的意见。请你根据以下提示,给David回一封邮件,劝他不要吸烟。
写作要点:
1.吸烟危害大,会影响自身及他人的健康;
2.一旦上瘾,很难戒除;
3.提倡健康、积极的生活方式。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.文章应该包括上述要点中的所有信息,但不必逐条翻译;
3.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear David,
I have learned from your email that you want to try smoking as you think it is very cool.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Alex was very excited because New Year's Eve was approaching. Suddenly, he saw his grandfather sitting alone looking very unhappy.
Alex went to him and asked, “Grandpa, why are you sitting alone Is there anything wrong with you ”
His grandfather replied, “No, I am fine. I just feel like sitting alone.”
“Grandpa, you know the New Year is near, so are you preparing for it ” asked Alex excitedly.
“No dear, I am not. With the passage of time, the world has completely changed and I don't see any point in celebrating the world I see today,” answered his grandfather disappointedly.
“I know something is wrong with you and you are not telling me. Please tell me what the problem is,” Alex said.
“I feel like I am a stranger in the world I am living in. It is not the same as I have known. Now everyone is busy with their own work. Your father is busy with business, your brother is busy on the computer, your sister is busy studying abroad and your mum is busy with household work. I don't know how to pass my days,” said his grandfather sadly.
“Grandpa, you have me!” said Alex.
His grandfather smiled and said, “Yeah, you are here, but what about others In old days, we had a fixed time each day when the whole family sat together and talked, shared problems and laughed together.”
That night Alex thought about what his grandfather had said and an idea flashed through his mind. He decided to have a surprise New Year party at his own home and make everyone come together that day. As New Year's Eve got nearer, Alex got busy preparing for the party. He kept it a secret from his grandfather and asked everyone not to let him know about it in order to surprise him.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
It was December 31 and everyone was busy with their own work.
Paragraph 2:
Alex saw his grandfather looking very happy while talking with the family members.
参考答案与解析
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A
1.A 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.”可知选择A项。
2.A 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.(人们在压力之下记住更多的是积极后果而不是消极后果。)”和第四段中的“In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadn't gone through the stress.(在以上两个案例中,受到压力的这些参与者相对于那些没有经历压力的人来说,对于奖励的材料记得更准确,而惩罚的材料记得没有那么准确。)”可知,人们在压力之下对奖励即积极结果的记忆更深刻。故选A(更好地把奖励留在他们的记忆中)。
3.D 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big,men may tend to do better...”可知,在有压力的情况下,男人更有可能去冒险,故选D。
B
4.B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的I hoped it would be a moment not only for inclusive fashion, but also for all other fat human beings out there可知,作者在获奖后希望其他胖人也会分享她的自豪。故选B。
5.B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的I got sad and negative and put on more weight. I reached a point where I couldn't climb stairs without losing my breath.可知,作者看到互联网上人们对她的评论后感到消极、悲伤,体重增加了,即她无法控制自己的身体。故选B。
6.A 推理判断题。根据第二段中的After that I got more judgments, this time from people in the fat group who once supported me. They turned their backs on me and said, “You can't be body positive and still losing weight.”可知,胖人们在为自己不想减肥找理由,对于作者开始减肥表示不支持、不满意。故选A。
7.C 推理判断题。本文介绍了作者在得奖后因为肥胖而受到人们褒贬不一的评价,因此心情一度受到影响,后来她意识到不管胖瘦,健康和对梦想的追求才是最重要的。由此推断这篇文章会出现在报纸的职业栏目。故选C。
C
8.B 主旨大意题。通读文章可知,第一段引出如何获得更好的睡眠这一话题,接下来提出了几个提高睡眠质量的建议,故选B(如何睡个好觉)。
9.A 词义猜测题。根据第二段中“So you'd better avoid eating any food three hours before bed, as it will lower your blood sugar during sleep and help minimize the damage from too much sugar floating around.(所以你最好在睡觉前三小时避免吃任何东西,因为那会帮助减少漂浮在周围的过多糖分造成的伤害)”可知,it指代的是上文说的不要吃东西,故选A。
10.A 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Another way to prepare your body for sleep is to get into a relaxed state”可知,睡前要放松,不要紧张。故选A。
11.C 逻辑结构题。根据全文可知,首段提出论题:如何提高睡眠质量 之后列举分论点。第二段讲述饮食方面:睡前3 小时别吃东西;第三段和第四段都是阐述如何去让身体做好睡觉的准备:可以减少接触光源,也可以听轻音乐或洗澡来放松你的状态;第五段从准备一张合适的床垫这一方面进行阐述。尾段总结:进一步强调睡眠质量与健康的关系。故C项正确。此类逻辑结构题需要同学们在理解全文的基础上对文章所描述事件的发展顺序、所说明事物的层次或在论述观点过程中使用的方法进行归纳和总结。大家做这类题时要注意树立整体观念,把握文章的整体结构。
D
12.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的The root of unhappiness isn't necessarily that we want things to be different. However, it's that we decided we didn't like it in the first place. 可知,作者认为,我们感到不快乐可能是因为我们一开始就不喜欢某种事物。故选D。
13.C 词义猜测题。根据第四段中的Accept these things as they are, and try to understand why they're that way. It will save you a lot of sadness, because you'll no longer say, “Oh, I wish bad things didn't happen!”(接受这些事情本来的样子,试着去理解它们为什么会是那样。这会帮你省去很多悲伤,因为你不会再说“啊,我希望坏事不要发生!”)可知,it指的是“接受并理解发生了什么”。故选C。
14.D 推理判断题。前面几段作者提出的建议是学会接受和理解,最后一段指出我们仍然可以做些什么让世界变得更美好,只是在改变之前应该尝试一种新的方式:先去接受并理解这个世界。故选D。
15.A 主旨大意题。根据第一段One of the greatest sources of unhappiness, in my experience, is the difficulty we have in accepting things as they are.和最后一段中try a different approach: accept, and understand可知,本文讲述的是“接受能让我们的生活更快乐、更美好”。故选A。
第二节
16.C 空后句子提到这是专门推荐给声带有问题的人和老年人的,句中的This指代推荐理由,即唱歌的好处,本段最后一句中的lungs与选项C中的lungs呼应。故判断C选项内容符合语境。
17.F 根据本段首句可知,本段强调唱歌对人的体态的影响,F选项中的the position of each body part和本段首句中的posture呼应,而且内容符合语境。故选F。
18.G 本段介绍的是唱歌有助于减轻抑郁症状,降低压力水平,而本空位于段尾,应该对本段内容起总结、概括作用,由此判断G选项内容符合语境,可以承接上文。故选G。
19.B 空后内容是建议患有舞台恐惧症的人在现场演出前在家人和朋友面前唱歌,由此推断此处表示唱歌有助于不自信的人树立自信。故B选项内容符合语境。
20.E 根据空后内容可知,无论是在合唱团还是在卡拉OK,花在集体演唱上的时间都能建立起深厚而持久的友谊。故可知唱歌可以扩大人们的朋友圈,帮助人们交朋友,下文的friendship可对应到E选项中的friends,故选E。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
21.D 考查形容词词义。句意:当2010年到来的时候,我的儿子只有一岁,小小的,需要依靠,他掌握了一些基本的词,但基本上还是我们欢迎来到这个世界的那个婴儿。special特殊的;generous慷慨的;intelligent聪明的;dependent依靠的。由上文可知,儿子仅仅一岁,还很小,小孩子是需要依靠的。故选D。
22.B 考查名词词义。句意:现在,我的婴儿已经长成一个青少年——又高又壮又聪明,一个黑泽明的武士电影的爱好者。athlete运动员;adolescent青少年;artist艺术家;engineer工程师。根据下文A 23 from now, in 2030, he will be an adult.可知在2030年,他会成为一个成年人,联系上文2010年他刚刚一岁,可知他现在是青少年。故选B。
23.D 考查名词词义。句意:从现在开始十年后,在2030年,他将会成为一个成年人。month月;century世纪;year年;decade十年。根据下文I expect the next 10 years to fly by,可知作者期待着下一个十年飞逝,因此此处是十年。故选D。
24.D 考查名词词义。句意:我期待着下一个十年飞逝并且充满变化。question问题;experience经验;danger危险;change变化。十年后儿子会长大成人,而这其中是充满变化的。故选D。
25.A 考查动词词义。句意:我为他和所有和他同龄的年轻人担心。worry担忧;sacrifice牺牲;owe欠;arrange安排。根据下文作者提到了一些这个世界现存的问题可知,此处表示作者担心自己的儿子及所有他这个年龄的年轻人。故选A。
26.B 考查形容词词义。句意:我希望我们最终能认真对待气候变化。particular特别的;serious认真的;optimistic乐观的;enthusiastic热情的。get serious about为固定搭配,意为“认真对待”,故选B。
27.C 考查固定短语。句意:问题不再是我们是否能阻止气候变化,而是我们是否愿意且能够去做任何事来使它变缓。for sure无疑;as usual像往常一样;no longer不再;till now到现在为止。此处为not...but...结构。故选C。
28.A 考查动词词义。句意同上题。slow使变慢;record记录;complete完成;multiply (使)大大增加。联系上文可知,it指代climate change,结合语境可知,我们不能阻止,但能减缓气候变化。故选A。
29.A 考查动词词义。句意:我不确定一个变暖的星球对我儿子的生活将意味着什么。mean意味着;obtain获得;share分享;seek寻找。根据后句提示I suspect it means...可知作者不确定全球变暖对儿子的生活意味着什么。故选A。
30.B 考查动词短语。句意:我怀疑这意味着,他将生活在一个国家和团体争夺有限资源比如干净的水和食物的世界……。pick up捡起;fight for为……斗争;turn down关小;take part in参与。下文中的but from humans' competing for control over与fight for对应。其他选项均不符合语境。故选B。
31.D 考查动词词义。句意:……这意味着气候变化的危险将不仅仅来自海平面上升,而且来自为了控制所剩的资源而竞争的人类。finish完成;continue继续;start开始;leave留下。故选D。
32.C 考查名词词义。句意:关于如何解决我们面临的挑战,这个世界总是会充满争论。aim目标;example例子;disagreement争论,分歧;result结果。故选C。
33.C 考查动词词义。句意:我也希望我儿子这一代人学会寻求正义——但要怀着宽广的胸怀和谦逊去这样做,即使是同那些和我们不一样的人,也要意识到我们共同的人性。escape逃脱;express表达;seek寻找;affect影响。故选C。
34.A 考查动词短语。句意同上题。differ from与……不同;agree with同意;refer to提及;call for需要。本句中的even意为“即使”,表转折,前面为common,则后面应该为differ from。故选A。
35.D 考查动词词义。句意:2030年的世界不会自己建设出来。explode爆炸;admire赞赏;prove证明;build建造。根据下一句中的we build the kind of world可知应用build。故选D。
第二节
36.who 考查定语从句。句意:一个体重正常、经常锻炼、饮食健康、不吸烟且适量饮酒的母亲的孩子肥胖的可能性要小得多。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词为mother,指人,故填关系代词who。
37.drinks 考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知设空处与has、exercises、eats和doesn't smoke并列作谓语,故用一般现在时。主语为A mother,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,故填drinks。
38.to have 考查不定式。be likely to do sth.可能做某事。
39.than 考查介词。句意:研究表明,和天性相比,这可能更多地与后天养育有关,因为母亲的生活方式似乎与孩子的健康直接相关。根据空前的more判断此处填than,表示比较。
40.directly 考查副词。修饰过去分词linked应该用副词形式。故填directly。
41.is reduced 考查时态和语态。句意:这项包含24,000多名儿童的研究发现,当母亲和孩子都遵循健康的生活方式时,肥胖的风险甚至会降低更多。根据句意可知此句描述的是客观事实,而且the risk of obesity与reduce之间是被动关系,所以应该用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is reduced。
42.aged 考查形容词。句意:这项研究调查了美国近17,000名妇女所生的24,000多名9到14岁的儿童的病史和生活方式。分析句子结构可知, nine to fourteen作后置定语,修饰children,表示9到14岁的儿童,所以设空处应用形容词aged,表示“……岁的”。
43.being 考查动名词。句意:研究人员研究了母亲的整体健康状况与孩子肥胖的可能性之间的关系。空格处作介词of的宾语,故用动名词形式,其中child是动名词的逻辑主语。故填being。
44.activity 考查名词。句意:母亲的健康状况根据她的身高体重比、饮食、运动量、吸烟情况和饮酒量等因素判断。physical activity意为“体育活动”,此时的activity为不可数名词。故填activity。
45.an 考查冠词。句意:正常的体重和饮食、定期锻炼、不吸烟以及适量饮酒都能降低女性生一个肥胖孩子的概率。child是单数可数名词,此处泛指一个肥胖的孩子,而且obese以元音音素开头。故填an。
第三部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
Dear David,
I have learned from your email that you want to try smoking as you think it is very cool. As far as I can see,smoking is a bad habit.
It is widely believed that smoking has harmful effects on one's body. It can do terrible damage to your heart,and even cause cancer. Additionally,cigarette smoking will affect the health of your family members.What's worse,you will find it hard to give up once you are addicted to cigarette smoking.
I suggest you live a healthy and active life. You'd better often take part in sports to build you up and develop some healthy hobbies to enjoy life.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节
One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
It was December 31 and everyone was busy with their own work. Alex's grandfather was sitting in his room silently, looking very lonely.When the clock struck 8 p.m., everyone started gathering in the living room and when Grandpa came out of his room, he was surprised to find everyone there. “Today, we are not going anywhere but enjoying the party for you!” Alex said. The whole family apologized for being busy with their lives. Then they had a wonderful dinner talking, sharing problems and laughing together.
Paragraph 2:
Alex saw his grandfather looking very happy while talking with the family members. They looked back on the old days and planned for the future.“I hope we won't be separate again.It never changes that home is where all family members are together,” Alex said, looking at his ageing grandfather. Others agreed and appointed several occasions when the whole family would get together regularly. Grandpa was moved to tears, wishing to enjoy life with everyone. Despite the cold outside, the whole family couldn't be warmer in their heart.