2023届高考英语复习：2022年全国高考英语乙卷卷解析及词汇拓展 课件 （23张）

(共23张PPT)
2022 |全国高考乙卷
试题解析及词汇拓展
红色单词: 考试中重点难点高频单词
蓝色单词: 运用了构词法
“*”符号: 大脑风暴联想单词及其变形
红色句子：试题答案之所在
Henry Raeburn（1756-1823）
The Exhibition
This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland's best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.
Lecture Series
Scottish National Portrait（肖像画）Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. They are held in the Lecture Room. Admission to lectures is free.
【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了为纪念苏格兰最受欢迎的画家亨利·雷伯恩爵士进行的展览的相关情况。
masterpiece |* masterwork|
【构词法】con-/com- 【共同】
temporary - contemporary
admission | * entry charge|
compensation | pension| allowance | deposit 【储蓄】
commission【佣金】|balance【余额】|
characterization【(书﹑电影或戏剧中的)人物塑造﹐角色刻画】
【构词法】character-characterize-characterization |
【21题】根据表格右上角
Raeburn’s English Contemporaries
部分“Thursday 30 Oct. 可知
阅读理解A篇
An Introduction to Raeburn Sunday 26 Oct., 15.00 DUNCAN THOMSON Raeburn's English Contemporaries
Thursday 30 Oct., 13.10
JUDY EGERTON
Characters and Characterisation in Raeburn's Portraits Thursday 6 Nov., 13.10 NICHOLAS PHILLIPSON Raeburn and Artist's Training in the 18th Century
Thursday 13 Nov., 13.10
MARTIN POSTLE
阅读理解A篇
Exhibition Times
Monday-Saturday 10.00—17.45 Sunday 12.00—17.45
Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re-admission.
Closed: 24—26 December and 1 January.
Admission
4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
Schools and Colleges
A special low entrance charge of 2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.
21. What is the right time for attending Raeburn's English Contemporaries
A. Sun. 26 Oct. B. Thurs. 30 Oct. C. Thurs. 6 Nov. D. Thurs.13 Nov.
22. How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission
A. 4. B. 8. C. 12. D. 16.
23. How can full-time students get group discounts
They should go on Sunday mornings. B. They should come from art schools.
C. They must be led by teachers. D. They must have ID cards with them.
charge| 费用有关词汇：
*fare | rate |fee| tip| toll | passage| fine | refund| damage
top up 【补充,装满;充值】
【22题】4英镑。12岁以下儿童在一位成人陪同下免费入场。
【23题】所有全日制教育的学生，高至并包括那些学士学位水平的学生，在有教师的组织团体中，均可享受每人2英镑的特别低入场费。
【答案】21. B 22. B 23. C
In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff's granddaughter.
Why did they go then Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken.
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden's book, she expanded on the history of the West and also
【导语】这是一篇书评。本文简要介绍了Dorothy Wickenden的书籍并对其进行了评价。
【24题】来到落基山脉的一个定居点，在一间只有一个房间的学校教书。
settlement|*residence |inhabitation
subject【题目，主题；接受实验的对象】|*theme | topic
nothing daunted 【毫不气馁﹐不畏艰难】
*daunt/discourage/alarm/ panic
daunted/frightened/scared/alarmed/intimidated 【胆怯的】
dauting/alarming/discouraging
【25题】…和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪。…却发现孩子们因为冷而哭泣。在春天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰上
weep| *sob |wail 【痛哭】
|moan【悲叹】| mourn 【哀悼】
阅读理解B篇
on feminism, which of course influenced the girls' decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed（牵涉）drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy's return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism（坚忍）of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: "When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter."
【26题】令人毛骨悚然的一段与铁路建设有关，这涉及到在令人眩目的暴风雪中钻穿落基山脉。
hair-raising | breathtaking|
chilling | spine-chilling| shocking |striking | electrifying
entail/involve/cause/require
【构词法】 |* detail| retail |
【27题】这本书以Rosamond和Dorothy回到奥本结束。…Wickenden是个很好的讲故事的人。大地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品。
shed/cast/throw/ jettison/discard
【短语】shed/cast/throw light on / enlighten
mark/stain
She hoped the blood from the cut on her arm would not stain her blouse.
阅读理解B篇
24. Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains
To teach in a school. B. To study American history.
To write a book. D. To do sightseeing.
25. What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3
A. They enjoyed much respect. B. They had a room with a bathtub.
C. They lived with the local kids. D. They suffered severe hardships.
26. Which part of Wickenden's writing is hair-raising
A. The extreme climate of Auburn. B. The living conditions in Elkhead.
C. The railroad building in the Rockies. D. The natural beauty of the West.
27. What is the text
A news report. B. A book review.
A children's story. D. A diary entry.
24. A 25. D 26. C 27. B
阅读理解B篇
Can a small group of drones（无人机）guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today's "eyes in the sky" technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure（基础设施）worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient（高效）across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼”的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。
on a 24/7 basis =around the clock
【31】一小群无人机能否在保证铁路安全可靠的同时，帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元 这很可能是应用今天的“空中之眼”技术的未来，以确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施全天候安全运行。
【28】无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。他们完全可以做同样的事情来检查铁路线路和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面.
precisely/exactly/
infrastructure |* groundwork
across the board 【全盘的；全面地】
approximately/roughly
【29】据计算仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施
阅读理解C篇
a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don't need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
crew 【全体成员】|*board| panel
In October, the school board recommended that uniforms become compulsory.
I've been invited to join the panel on a radio arts program.
【30】工程师们现在正在研究一个新概念:未来的铁路无人机。它们将在列车前方的轨道上运行，并被设定为自动运行。
阅读理解C篇
28. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible
The use of drones in checking on power lines.
B. Drones' ability to work at high altitudes.
C. The reduction of cost in designing drones.
D. Drones' reliable performance in remote areas.
29. What does "maintenance" underlined in paragraph 3 refer to
A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.
C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.
30. What function is expected of the rail drones
A. To provide early warning. B. To make trains run automatically.
C. To earn profits for the crews. D. To accelerate transportation.
31. Which is the most suitable title for the text
A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B. How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D. How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
accelerate |* speed up| quicken | ramp up|
gain/gather momentum【势头，动力】 |
The company quickly ramped up production to meet the demand.
Gradually the train gathered momentum, and within seconds it was moving at top speed.
阅读理解C篇
28. A 29. B 30. C 31. D
The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity（肥胖）. It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected to make 520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate 240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.
It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers（制造商）so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国政府对软饮料征收的糖税来解决儿童以及青少年的健康问题，同时该收入用于学校体育。
【32】该税于2016年4月首次宣布，适用于每100毫升含糖超过5g的软饮料，旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖。
generate | *manufacture| produce
| mass-produce
|generate | *trigger| evoke| spur | whip up
|spark| set off |
Initially | originally 【起初】
| initiative 【倡议】
【33】此前，制造商已经降低了商店中销售的超过一半的软饮料的含糖量，以避免纳税。
阅读理解D篇
fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.
However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities（设施）and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
【34】然而，一些高糖品牌，如经典可口可乐，已经接受了糖税，并拒绝改变，因为担心会惹恼消费者。果汁、以牛奶为原料的饮料和大多数酒精饮料是免税的，每年生产不到100万升的小公司也是免税的。
【35】根据一位政府官员的说法，今天的数据显示了糖税的积极影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑。
阅读理解D篇
32. Why was the sugar tax introduced
A. To collect money for schools. B. To improve the quality of drinks.
C. To protect children's health. D. To encourage research in education.
33. How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax
They turned to overseas markets.
B. They raised the prices of their products.
C. They cut down on their production.
D. They reduced their products' sugar content.
34. From which of the following is the sugar tax collected
Most alcoholic drinks. B. Milk-based drinks.
C. Fruit juices. D. Classic Coke.
35. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy
A. It is a short-sighted decision. B. It is a success story.
C. It benefits manufacturers. D. It upsets customers.
阅读理解D篇
32. C 33. D 34. D 35. B
Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain（保持）long-distance friendships.
·Set a regular date
Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact（联系）and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. 36 _______________
·More isn't always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. 37____________ . There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
·Practise empathy（共情）
38_____________ . The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.
· 39 ____________.
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance
sustain |
词汇风暴： *maintain| attain| contain| detain | abstain|
squeeze in / spare time for s.th
set aside some time for s.th
recognize | distinguish |acknowledge
achievement |accomplishment | fulfillment.
阅读理解E篇
friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends' birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
·Don't rely on technology alone
40 _____________ , but long-distance friendships -even close ones -may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.
A. Remember important dates 【主题句总结】
B. Compensate by writing letters 【同意复现】
C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it 【同义复现】
E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media【正反例证】
G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind 【例证解释】
keep track of | record
slip 【溜走】 |* sneak| creep| steal |
compensate | make up for
stick to s.th | hold on to| hang on to | stick it out
connectedness 【社会关系；人缘】| well-collected
【关系非常好的；连接良好；连接在一起】
阅读理解E篇
36. D 37. B 38. G 39. A 40. F
Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there's something highly exciting about 41 someone else's glance and making oneself unable to be seen.
However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 42 at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies 43 .
For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was 44 as evidence that children are hopelessly "egocentric"（自我中心的）creatures. But our 45 research results in child developmental psychology 46 that idea.
We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each 47 sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 48 . We then asked the child if she could 49 or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn't. The same 50 happened when the adult covered her own mouth: 51 children said that they couldn't 52 to her.
A number of 53 ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our young subjects 54 the questions and knew 55 what was asked of them. Their 56 to the questions reflected their true 57 that "I can see you only if you can see me, too." They simply 58 mutual（相互的）recognition and regard. Our 59 suggest when a child "hides" by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method 60 when others use it.
完型填空
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过实验证明孩子们捉迷藏时，只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自我中心主义的结果，而是孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重。
be interpreted as … 【诠释为…】
ego 【自我】
rule out 【排除】| roll out 【推出】
subject 【接受实验的对象】
recognition 【认知】
regard 【注意；考虑；尊重】
答案：
41. C 42. B 43. A 44. D 45. C 46. C 47. B 48. D 49. A 50. B 51. B 52. A 53. C 54. A 55. D 56. A 57. B 58. C 59. D 60. D
41. A. following B. taking C. escaping D. directing
42. A. clever B. bad C. scared D. quick
43. A. exposed B. examined C. untouched D. imbalanced
44. A. supported B. guaranteed C. imagined D. interpreted
45. A. disappointing B. mixed C. surprising D. desired
46. A. explained B. confirmed C. contradicted D. tested
47. A. parent B. child C. researcher D. doctor
48. A. feet B. nose C. hands D. ears
49. A. see B. help C. reach D. fool
50. A. event B. thing C. action D. accident
51. A. Yet B. Now C. Soon D. Once
52. A. speak B. listen C. tum D. wave
53. A. instructions B. descriptions C. experiments D. assumptions
54. A. comprehended B. predicted C. explored D. ignored
55. A. partly B. honestly C. vaguely D. exactly
56. A. responses B. approaches C. contribution D. sensitivity
57. A. ability B. belief C. identity D. purpose
58. A. hold back B. relate to C. insist on D. make up
59. A. limitations B. requirements C. theories D. findings
60. A. tentative B. impressive C. creative D. effective
escape | a narrow escape
be quick in mind
be exposed to s.th
interpret | account for
contradict | counter
now| for now
|for the time being/for the moment
assumption| assume
comprehend | comprehension
vaguely | ambiguously
Hold back /fight back one’s tears
Many parents can’t relate to children
tentative【实验性的；不确定】| hesitant
impressive | imposing | breathtaking | striking | awe-inspiring |
完型填空
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially 61 the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate 62 festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society 63 （address）the opening ceremony. "As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the 64 （large）tea-producing country, China has a 65 （responsible）to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a 66 （share）future for mankind," he said.
The "First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative" issued（发布）at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation 67 cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion—Tea Road Cooperative Plan—was also issued in accordance with the initiative.
68 （strengthen）the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, 69 （invite）twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled（揭幕）at the ceremony, opening 70 （it）first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu'er Tea.
mark 【标志着】|* stain
|* be marked with/by
promote | promoter| promotion
He was promoted !
The tea industry 【茶业】
in accordance with / according to
veil |unveil |announce/declare/launch
unveil /disclose/reveil/make public
61. by 62. the 63. addressed
64. largest 65. responsibility
66. shared 67. on
68. To strengthen
69. inviting 70. its
语法填空
We all know that cycling is a greatly exercise. A doctor tells me people
great
who lives the longest are dancers and cyclists. Maybe it is because the
live of
combination of fresh air, smooth movement and exercise. Whether you ride
if
a bicycle, you don't use petrol. So they are not producing carbon dioxide
you
and not cause air pollution. Just see how cars have been taken over our cities.
causing
They often run at high speeds, what may put our lives in danger. And there were
which are
traffic jams, too. Our cities will be better places if we replace cars with bicycle.
bicycles
\
∧
短文改错
学校英文报正在开展以Learning English Beyond the Classroom为题的讨论。请使用图表中的调查结果写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1．学习活动状况描述：
2．简单评论；
3．你的建议。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．短文的题目和首句已为你写好。
2022高考乙卷作文
答案
答案
Learning English Beyond the Classroom
Nowadays, with the growing popularity of smartphones and computers, an increasing number of students are choosing to learn English beyond the classroom in various ways.
It can easily be seen that the percentage of students who choose listening to English songs and watching English movies is respectively 65% and 50%. However, those choosing reading English books and visiting English learning websites only account for 18% and 12%.
As far as I’m concerned, it is a disturbing trend. For students, what benefits most to their study is reading English books. Because of their lack of self-discipline, they’re more easily addicted to chatting online or playing games. It’s urgent for students themselves to improve their self-discipline, and it’s also urgent for parents and teachers to strengthen the guidance.
2022高考乙卷作文
2022高考乙卷作文
Learning English Beyond the Classroom
Currently, The booming internet has diversified our ways to learn English. Admittedly, the inconveniences of the Covid-19 pandemic make it more phenominal to learn English beyond the classroom. However, How to effectively learn English beyond the classroom has become a public concern.
Many students favor aimlessly grabbing English knowledge online. According to a survey, 18% percent of students still read classic English works. worse still, only 12% percent of students acquire English knowledge via browsing websites focusing on English learning. It is worth noting that, owing to the lack of self-discipline, 65% percent of students turn to English songs and 50% percent of students are intoxicated in watching English movies online, outnumbering/topping those who read classic English works and watch English movies online. Therefore, what matters most is that we must discipline ourselves, otherwise, we might possibly suffer a great loss.
I'm convinced that with great determination we can not only manage our English learning beyond the classroom with specific aims but discipline ourselves with an advisable schedule.
2022高考乙卷作文
Mencius once said: the day will be down to the great man also, must suffer, the labor of their bones, their body skin hunger.
孟子曾说：天将降大任于斯人也，必先苦其心志，劳其筋骨，饿其体肤。