(共44张PPT)
Section A
4a-4c
Objectives
To learn to understand and use passive voice in the simple past tense.
To learn some new words such as fridge, translate, earthquake, instrument.
who
how
where
when
process
Shen Nong
by accident
about 5000 years ago
First, … was boiling drinking water…
Then, some leaves…fell into…and remained…for…
Next, … produced…
At last, …tasted …
How tea was invented
China
tea
Korea and Japan
England
Western countries
Review
by accident
It is said/believed that
fall into
be brought to somewhere
take place
help to do sth.
help sb. (to) do sth.
=help sb. with sth.
even though
without doubt
偶然；意外地
据说……/相信……
落入
被带到某地
发生；出现
帮助做某事
帮助某人做某事
即使
毫无疑问；的确
Fill in the blanks according to the passage in 3a.
Tea (after water), the most popular drink in the world, _____________ (invent) by accident. It is believed that tea __________ (drink) 5,000 years ago. It ______ (say) that a Chinese ruler ______ (call) Shen Nong was the first __________ (discover) tea as a drink. One day Shen Nong __________ (boil) drinking water over an open fire.
was invented
was drunk
is said
called
to discover
was boiling
Review
Some leaves from a tea plant ______ (fall) into the water and remained there for some time. It __________ (produce) a nice smell so he _______ (taste) the brown water. It was quite delicious, and so, one of the world’s favorite drinks ____________ (invent).
Lu Yu, “the saint of tea”, ___________ (mention) Shen Nong in his book Cha Jing a few thousand years later. The book describes how tea plants ___________ and used to make tea. It also discusses where the finest tea leaves _____________ (produce) and what kinds of water __________ (use).
fell
produced
tasted
was invented
mentioned
were grown
were produced
were used
People believed that tea ___________ (bring) to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries. In England, tea ____________ (not appear) until around 1660, but in less than 100 years, it had become the national drink. The tea trade from China to Western countries ________ (take) place in the 19th century.
was brought
didn’t appear
took
This ________ (help) to spread the popularity of tea and the tea plant to more places around the world. Even though many people now know about tea culture, the Chinese ______ (be) without doubt the ones who best __________ (understand) the nature of tea.
helped
are
understand
fridge
low
somebody
translate
Lock
ring
earthquake
n. 冰箱
adj. 低的；矮的
pron. 某人
n. 重要人物
v. 翻译
v. 锁上；锁住
n. 锁
v. (rang, rung) (使)发出钟声或铃声；打电话
n. 地震
New words
sudden
all of a sudden
bell
biscuit
cookie
musical
instrument
adj. 突然(的)
突然；猛地
n. 钟(声)；铃(声)
n. 饼干
n. 曲奇饼
adj. 音乐的；有音乐天赋的
n. 器械；仪器；工具
How many can you write down
Watch and write down the sentences which include the Passive Voice.
根据课本内容，完成下列句子。
1. 拉链是什么时候被发明的？
______ _____ the zipper ________
2. 它于1893年被发明。
It ______ _________ in 1893.
was invented
When was invented
Grammar Focus
3. 它是由谁发明的？
______ _____ it invented ______
4. 它是由惠特科姆 贾得森发明的。
It ____ ________ ___ Whitcomb Judson.
5. 茶叶什么时候被带到朝鲜去的？
_____ ______ tea _________ to Korea
6. 是在六到七世纪之间被带到朝鲜。
It _____ _______ to Korea ________the 6th and 7th centuries.
was invented by
When was brought
was brought during
Who was by
7. 热冰淇淋勺用来做什么？
What ___ the hot ice-cream scoop
_____ _____
8. 它用来挖很冷的冰淇淋。
It’s _____ ____ ______ really cold
ice-cream.
used for serving
is
used for
9. 贝尔于1876年发明了电话机。
Alexander Graham Bell _________ the telephone in 1876.
10. 电话机在1876年被贝尔所发明。
The telephone _____ ________ _____
Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.
invented
was invented by
Compare
（what why how ）
（一般过去时态）
动词的语态
英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
My mom cooks meals for us every day.
我妈妈每天给我们做饭。
The trees are watered every two days.
这些树是每隔两天浇一次水。
◆ 被动语态的用法
① 当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或
者没有必要说明谁是动作的执行者时，用被动语态。如：
This desk is made of wood.
② 强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态。
如：The zipper is often used in our daily lives.
被动语态的基本形式
被动语态的基本动词形式是be+V-ed。通过改变be的时态，可以构成不同时态的被动语态。
The big hall will be used as a meeting room.
那间大厅会被用来做会议室。
The book is being sold in the bookstore.
这本书正在那家书店出售。
怎样变成被动语态
The boy took out the rubbish five minutes ago.
The rubbish was taken out by the boy five minutes ago.
主语 谓语 宾语
主语 谓语 宾语
一般过去时被动语态
一般过去时的被动语态的基本结构是
“助动词was/were+及物动词的-ed形式”。
The tables were repaired yesterday by my father. 这些桌子是我爸昨天修的。
The milk was drunk just now.
那牛奶刚刚被喝了。
一般过去时被动语态的几种句型
1.肯定句: 主语 + was/were + V-ed + (by…)
The news was published by the government.
2.否定句: 主语 + was/were + not + V-ed + (by…)
The news wasn’t published by the government.
一般过去时被动语态的几种句型
3.一般疑问句: Was/Were + 主语 + V-ed + (by…)
Was the news published by the government
特殊疑问句:
疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + V-ed + (by…)
When was the news published by the government
谓语动词接双宾语时，既可以将间接宾语转化成
被动句的主语，也可以将直接宾语转化成主语。若将间接宾语转化成主语，则保留直接宾语；若将直接宾语转化成主语，则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。如：
His mother gave him a present last Monday.
→He was given a present by his mother last
Monday.
My uncle bought me a new computer.
→A new computer was bought for me by
my uncle.
直接宾语
间接宾语
直接宾语
间接宾语
拓展
“不及物动词+介词/副词”结构的短语动词相当于及物动词，可以有被动语态。
但短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。如：
They took good care of the poor kids.
→The poor kids were taken good care of by them. (of不可省略)
拓展
若宾语和后面的宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语，变为被动语态时，只将宾语变为被动句的主语，宾语补足语保留在原处，成为主语补足语。如：
They encouraged us to study hard every day.
→We were encouraged to study hard every day. (to study hard every day为主语补足语)
宾语补足语
宾语
拓展
在主动句中，感官动词see , hear, watch, feel, notice等和使役动词let, make等后接省略to的不定式，变为被动语态时，应加上动词不定式符号to。如：
We heard them sing Peking Opera in the theater.
→They were heard to sing Peking Opera in the theater.
拓展
主动语态不能变成被动语态的情况
当宾语是反身代词或相互代词时 He made himself a cup of coffee.
They help each other.
当宾语是不定式或V-ing时 We all want to be teachers.
当某些动词表示状态或结果时 The milk tastes slightly sour.
当宾语表示数量、重量、大小或程度 The jade weighs one ton.
Rewrite the sentences using the passive voice.
点拨：原句为一般过去时态，原句的谓语动词为sold，宾语为the fridge；改为被动语态时，应将the fridge作主语，谓语动词用was sold的形式。
1. They sold the fridge at a low price.
The fridge was sold at a low price.
4a
点拨：分析原句的句子结构可知，stole是谓语动 词，my camera是句子的宾语；改为被动语态句时，应将my camera作句子主语，谓语动词用was stolen的形式。
2. Somebody stole my camera from my hotel room.
_________________________________
My camera was stolen from my hotel room.
3. Where did you take these photos
__________________________________
4. Our parents advised us not to go out alone.
__________________________________
5. Different writers translated the book into different languages.
__________________________________
__________________________________
Where were these photos taken
We were advised not to go out alone.
The book was translated into different languages by different writers.
1. You ____________ to the party last night, weren’t you Why didn’t you go
2. The earthquake happened all of a sudden, but luckily the villagers _____________ to a safe place.
were invited
eat, like, invite, tell, lock, ring, break, bring
were brought
Complete the sentences with correct forms of the verbs in the box.
句子主语you与invite之间存在被动关系。
villagers与bring之间存在被动关系
4b
3. The door ___________ when we arrived, so we ______ the bell.
4. The students ___________ not to eat or drink in class, but Ruby ______ the rule when she started eating a biscuit in science class.
5. The cookies __________ by the hungry kids in less than 20 minutes, and they really _____ them.
was locked
rang
broke
were told
were eaten
liked
the door与lock之间为被动关系；而we与ring之间则为主动关系；其他各题相同。
The telephone ______________ (invent) by Alexander Graham Bell. He __________ (born) in 1847. Mr. Bell ________ (work) on the invention of the telephone with Thomas Watson.
was born
was invented
worked
Decide whether active or passive forms should be used in these sentence. Write the correct forms in the blanks.
the telephone与invent之间存在被动关系；Mr. Bell与work之间是主动关系。
4c
In 1875, Mr. Bell _________ (learn) how to send musical notes through an instrument similar to a telephone. Finally, the telephone _____________ (invent) in 1876. The first sentence that _________ (say) on the telephone by Mr. Bell was “Mr. Watson, come here; I want to see you.” Today the telephone ________ (use) around the world.
learned
was invented
was said
is used
Mr. Bell与learn之间为主动关系。
1. Our parents advised us not to go out alone．
advise v. 劝告；建议
advise sb. about / on sth. 就某事向某人提出建议
advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事
advise sb. not to do sth. 建议某人不要做某事
advise doing sth. 建议做某事
Language points
alone, lonely
alone adj. 单独的；独自的 不能用于名词前，强调一人的客观状态，只陈述一个客观事实，在句中作表语。
adv. 单独；独自；孤单地 相当于by oneself，在句中作状语。
lonely adj. 孤单的；寂寞 可作表语也可作定语，强调心理状态和主观感受，突出感到孤独和寂寞。
My house ____________ (build) by my grandfather and it has been built for 50 years.
2. The clubs ___________ (set up) in 2000. they work to help the children speak good English.
3. The patients _________________ (look after) well in the hospital.
was built
were set up
were looked after
根据句意及所给提示填空。
Exercises
4.－Who’s the baby in the photo
－It’s me. The photo _________ (take) ten tears ago.
5. Last weekend, Jack ___________ (invite) to a birthday party and he had a lot of fun.
6. Last month a new law ___________ (pass) in China to stop people from smoking in public places.
was invited
was passed
was taken
一般过去时被动语态的几种句型
1.肯定句: 主语 + was/were + V-ed + (by…)
The news was published by the government.
2.否定句: 主语 + was/were + not + V-ed + (by…)
The news wasn’t published by the government.
Summary
一般过去时被动语态的几种句型
3.一般疑问句: Was/Were + 主语 + V-ed + (by…)
Was the news published by the government
特殊疑问句:
疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + V-ed + (by…)
When was the news published by the government
1. Read the note you took in class after school.
2. Finish the exercises.
3. Preview Section B in Unit 6.
Homework
Thank you!
