2023届高三英语二轮复习：定语从句 课件(44张ppt)

(共44张PPT)
定语从句
Attributive Clauses
Contents
定语从句的分类；
关系代词的选择；
只用that不用which；
只用which 不用that；
as的用法 ；
as/which区别 ；
关系副词的选择；
关系代词和关系副词的比较；
9. 定语从句单复数问题；
The boy is Huang Nan.
who takes a flag
1. 在复合句中，_____某个名词和代词的句子叫做定语从句。定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的_______, 它与定语从句之间有一个词连接，这个词叫做________。
2. 关系词的作用：______, ______, _______.
修饰
先行词
关系词
连接
替代
成分
准确找出先行词、关系词、定语从句
The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.
先行词
定语从句所修饰的
名词或代词
关系词
引导定语从句
代替先行词
在定语从句中担当一个成分
定语从句的构成
定语从句
修饰名词或代词
紧跟在先行词后
(
)
Have a try
1. The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang.
2. I like the book which you bought yesterday.
3. The house where he lives needs repairing.
4. I still remember the day which we spent together.
先
关
(
)
先
先
先
关
关
关
(
)
(
)
(
)
结构：先行词＋关系词＋从句
一、定语从句分类
定语从句
The Restrictive Attributive Clause
限制性定语从句
The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause
非限制性定语从句
公司上班
He has two sons who work in the same company.
他有两个在同一家公司上班的儿子。（可能不止两个儿子）
He has two sons , who work in the same company.
他有两个儿子，他们在同一家公司上班。（只有两个儿子）
What are the relative words
关系词
关系代词
关系副词
指代人
指代事物
所属关系
指地点
指时间
指原因
who that whom as
which that as
whose
where
when
why
二、关系代词的选择
作主语 作宾语 作定语
及物v.宾语/没被提前的介词宾语 被提前的介词宾语 指人 who/that;as who/whom/that;as 介词+whom whose/of whom
指物 which/that;as which/that;as 介词+which whose/of which
限制性定语从句关系代词的选择
非限制性定语从句关系代词的选择
作主语 作宾语 作定语
及物v.宾语/没被提前的介词宾语 被提前的介词宾语 指人 who;as who/whom;as 介词+whom whose/of whom
指物 which;as which;as 介词+which whose/of which
句子 which,as
注意：
关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略；在非限制性定语从句中不可省略；
非限制性定语从句中无关系代词that；
which引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词可以是词也可以是句子；
1. Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
it　 B. that　 C. which　　D. he
2. The building ___ stands near the river is our school.
which B. that C. who D.whose
3. The doctor ___ you are looking for is in the room.
A. whom B. that C.which D. whose

做题方法：
看（限/非限)；
找（先行词指人/物）；
判（关系词指代先行词，在定从中作的成分）；
选（根据表格选关系词）；
三、只用that 不用which 的情况
（先行词指物时）
eg: I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else' s fault.
eg: The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
This is the best foreign film that I have ever seen.
1、当先行词是something, anything, everything, nothing, all, little, few, some等_________时;
2、当先行词是_______或_______最高级，或被其修饰时;
_____________
不定代词
序数词
形容词
eg：They will never forget the things and persons that they have seen during their long journey.
eg:She is the only girl that won the first prize.
3、当先行词是既有_______又有_______时;
4、当先行词被_______，_______，_______,the last等修饰时;
______________________________
人
物
the only
the very
the same
6、有两个定语从句时,其中一个关系代词用which,另一用 that；
eg:They secretly built up a small factory, which produced things that could cause pollution.
5、当主句的主语是who或which时；
eg：Which is the bike that you lost
Who is the boy that won the gold medal
8、主句是there be 句型且关系词在从句中作主语时,用 that 不用which 引导。
7、当先行词在主句中作表语,而关系代词在从句中也作表语时；
eg：Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
Who is the boy that won the gold medal
eg：There is a seat in the corner that is still available.
在那个角落还有一个座位可用。
四、只用which 不用that 的情况
（先行词指物时）
2、介词提前时；
eg: Football, _______ is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.
1、在非限制性定语从句中；
eg：This is the train by ___ we went home.
which
which
注意：在一些固定搭配动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此介词不可提到关系代词前
eg：This is the pen （which/that） I am looking for.
4、先行词后面有插入语时；
eg: What is that which the dog is running after？
3、先行词本身是that；
eg：Here is the English grammar book which,as I've told you, will help you improve your English.
这就是我告诉过你的那本英语语法书,它能帮你提高英语。
五、as用法（限+非限）
1、as 引导限制性定语从句，先行词前常被such, the same, as修饰，构成such…as（像……一样的/之类的）, the same… as（和……同样的）, as… as结构，as 在定语从句中充当主语或宾语或表语；
eg： 1.I never heard such stories _____ he tells.
2. She has the same blue eyes _____ her mother has.
as
as
六、非限as /which 区别
1.The earth is round, _________ is known to all.
2. _____ is known to all, he is the best student.
3. Jack passed the driving test, ______ surprised his friends.
which / as
1.一般非限as、which可互换，as和which引导非限制性定语从句中都能指代整句内容，which译为“这”，as 译为“正如”。
As
which
2、关系词作主语且定语从句为被动语态形式时，从句谓
语通常为:be known，be expected，be said，be reported, be announced,be mentioned 等；
eg: As you see, the Chinese people are hard-working.
1、定语从句在句首时；
eg：She has been absent again,as is expected.
她又缺席了，这在预料之中。
2.非限只用as 不用which 的情况
3、在下列固定搭配之中，意为“正如”：
as you know、as you see、as we planned、as we expected 、 as(it) seems likely、as(it) happens、as(it)was pointed out 、
as(it)was said earlier、as I remember (it)，as I understand(it)、
as(it) appears、as is often the case（通常就是这样）、as anybody can see、as we have expected
As the saying goes,…
As we all know,…/As is known to all,…
As is reported,…
As is mentioned above,…
As is expected,...
As is often the case,…
正如谚语所说...
正如大家所知道....
正如被报导的是...
正如上面提到的是...
正如所预料的那样...
情况经常是这样...
2、which一般用作实义动词的主语,这时它所引导的从句与主句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时；
eg: I don't think that he will come to see me,which makes me sad.
我认为他不会来看我了,这使我伤心。
1、关系代词代替前面主句中的宾语从句或定语从句的谓语动词后有复合宾语时；
eg：Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry.
汤姆一次又一次上学迟到,这使得他的老师很生气
3.非限只用which 不用as 的情况
3、当非限制性定语从句是否定句时；
eg：He pretended not to know me,which I didn't understand. 他假装不认识我,我真不明白。
4、非限制性定语从句中的be动词不能省略时,用 which;反之用 as。
eg：Jane told me she won the match, which was a lie.
简告诉我她赢了这场比赛,这是谎话。(was不可省略) As( was )planned, we met at the airport.
按照计划,我们在机场相见了。(was 可省略)
七、关系副词的选择（限+非限）
作状语 关系副词
指时间 时间状语 when=时间介词（in/at/on/during...+which）
指地点 地点状语 where=地点介词（in/at/on/under...+which）
指原因（reason） 原因状语 why（限定从）=for+which
注意：
当先行词为 situation,case.stage,point 等,且关系词在定语从句中作状语时,要用关系副词where 。
They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。
2. 有时为表达清楚,还可以在关系副词 where/when 前加介词 from/to 等。
China is the birthplace of kites, from where kite flying spreads to Japan,Korea,Thailand and India. 中国是风筝的发源地,从这里放风筝传到了日本、朝鲜、泰国和印度。
3. 关系副词 when,where 可用于非限制性定语从句中，而关系副词 why 不可以。
八、关代与关副的比较
How to choose relative words
(1) where & that/which
This is a city _________ I will never visit.
This is a city _______ I lived.
( )
( )
_____________________________
从句缺宾语，指物
_________
从句缺状语
that/which
where
(2) when & that/which
I still remember the day_______ I won the game.
I still remember the day_______ we spent together.
( )
( )
________
从句缺状语
__________
从句缺宾语，指物
when
that/which
(3) why & that/which
We can’t understand the reason_______ he was late.
We can’t understand the reason_________ he gave us.
(
)
that/which
why
_________
_________
(
)
从句缺状语
从句缺宾语,指物
千万不能一看到地点名词就填where; 看到时间名词就填when, 看到reason就填why!
技巧是:一划从句二看成分
(缺主,宾或表语填关系代词,缺状语则填关系副词)
九、定语从句的单复数问题
关系代词做从句主语时
1.从句的谓语动词单复数取决于先行词
2.先行词是句子时，从句谓语动词用单三
I. The book that ____ (be) on the bookshelf is my favourite.
2.The exams were put off, which _____(be)exactly what we wanted.
is
was
注意：
He is one of the students in his class who _______ (have) got the teacher’s praise
He is the only one in his class who _______ (have) got the teacher’s praise
has
have
one of + 复数名词 作先行词，从句动词用复数
其前有the only, the very修饰， 从句动词用单数
1.(2019 全国 I) One afternoon ______ I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.
2. (2019 全国 III) They were well trained by their masters _______ had great experience with caring for these animals.
3. (2018 全国 I) They also had a small pond ______ they raised fish.
when
who/that
where
Fill in the blank with proper relative words
4. (2016 全国II) Simon is a comedian and actor ________ has 10 year's experience of teaching comedy.
5. (2020 全国II) In ancient China lived an artist _______ paintings were almost life like.
6. You reach a point ______medicine can’t help.
who/that
whose
where
Fill in the blank with proper relative words
= of whom
whose指人时相当于of whom,指物时相当于of which
当先行词为situation, case, stage, point等抽象名词时，在定语从句中充当状语时用关系副词where.
Correct mistakes.
1. (2020 江西临川) We carried two backpacks, that turned out to be pretty heavy for the hike.
2. (2020 全国 II) Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy.
3. (2015 浙江) Creating an atmosphere in that employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
________
_________
________
which
which
which
She is a woman 1._______ majored in music. She acted in Beijing for the first time in 1980 2.____ she was still a student. She took part in many Spring Festival Galas(春晚) 3._________were loved by all Chinese people. She married our Chairman 4._________ we all knew. They lived in a lovely apartment 5. _____ their daughter was born. Many foreigners know her and her songs 6. ____ are loved by our Chinese people. She is the most famous woman 7. ___is loved by children too. The reason 8.____ she is so popular is not just that she married the powerful man but she cares about the people 9._____ life is ordinary.
Use that, who, whom,which,where,when, why, whose to fill in the blanks
who/that
when
which/that
whom/who/that
where
that
why
that
whose
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