牛津译林版（2019）必修二Unit 2 Wish you were here单元测试（含答案）
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Unit 2 Wish you were here（单元测试）2021-2022学年英语--高中英语牛津译林版必修二（含答案）
学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、单选题
1.I can’t say which wine is beat—it’s a (n) _________ of personal taste.
A. affair B. event C. matter D. variety
2.— Can I call you back at two o'clock this afternoon
— I'm sorry, but by then I ____ to Beijing. How about five
A. fly B. will fly C. will be flying D. am flying
3.If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you ______ fresh watermelon in the fall.
A.eat B.would eat C.have eaten D.will be eating
4.The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, , reaching 30℃ in summer.
A. if not B. if ever C. if any D. if so
5.There is no simple answer, is often the case in science.
A.as B.that C.when D.where
6.The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without .
A.recognizing B.being recognized
C.having recognized D.having been recognized
7.There are still many problems ______ before we are ready for a long stay on the moon.
A.solving B.solved C.being solved D.to be solved
8.It was a real race _____ time to get the project done. Luckily, we made it.
A.over B.by C.for D.against
9.Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to ________ the soul of Qu Yuan.
A. remember B. remind C. recover D. recall
10.—I’m afraid you have the wrong number.
—Sorry.______.
A.See you later B.I didn’t know that
C.Hold on , please D.I hope I didn’t bother you.
11.If Mr. Dewey _____ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.
A.were B.had been C.should be D.was
12.The two parties held the talk in a friendly ____ and reached an agreement.
A.atmosphere B.state C.situation D.phenomenon
13._____ carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.
A. Observing B. To observe C. Observed D. Observe
14.The basketball coach, as well as his team,______interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.
A.were B.was C.is D.are
15.You’d better not call the manager between 7 and 8 this evening, for he an important meeting then.
A. will have B. would have C. will be having D. will have had
二、完形填空
A group of frogs were travelling through the woods, and two of them fell into a deep pit. All the other frogs 1 the pit. When they saw how 2 the pit was, they told the two frogs that they might as well be 3 .
The two frogs ignored what 4 were saying and 5 to jump up out of the pit with all of their physical strength. The other frogs 6 telling them to stop. Finally, one of the frogs 7 the comments, seriously considered them, and gave up. He 8 down and died.
The other frog continued to jump as 9 as he could. Once again, the crowd of frogs shouted at him to stop the 10 and just die. He jumped even harder and finally 11 it. When he got out, the other frogs said,‘‘Didn’t you 12 us ” The frog explained to them that he was 13 . He thought they were 14 him the whole time.
This story teaches us two lessons. First, there is power of life and death in the 15 . An encouraging word to someone who is 16 can cheer him up and help him make it through the day. Second, a destructive word to someone who is down can be 17 it takes to kill him. Be 18 of what you say.
The 19 of words is great. lt is sometimes hard to understand 20 an encouraging word can go such a long way. Anyone can speak words that tend to rob another of the spirit to continue in difficult times.
1.A.jumped over B.looked through C.came down D.gathered around
2.A.big B.deep C.dangerous D.wide
3.A.dead B.kind C.quiet D.safe
4.A.the ones B.another C.the others D.others
5.A.promised B.tried C.managed D.agreed
6.A.kept B.enjoyed C.finished D.stopped
7.A.came up with B.paid attention to C.got used to D.got along with
8.A.slowed B.went C.climbed D.fell
9.A.much B.straight C.hard D.fast
10.A.pain B.disease C.fear D.competition
11.A.worked B.turned C.left D.made
12.A.follow B.hear C.recognize D.consider
13.A.deaf B.blind C.honest D.clever
14.A.respecting B.comforting C.encouraging D.beating
15.A.society B.communication C.tongue D.misunderstanding
16.A.down B.angry C.away D.up
17.A.who B.that C.which D.what
18.A.proud B.careful C.afraid D.free
19.A.function B.energy C.power D.skill
20.A.that B.what C.whether D.when
三、阅读理解
(一)
The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs.
Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.
Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.
Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.
1.What does the author say about silence in conversations
A.It implies anger. B.It promotes friendship.
C.It is culture-specific. D.It is content-based.
2.Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought
A.The Chinese. B.The French. C.The Mexicans. D.The Russians.
3.What does the author advise nurses to do about silence
A.Let it continue as the patient pleases. B.Break it while treating patients.
C.Evaluate its harm to patients. D.Make use of its healing effects.
4.What may be the best title for the text
A.Sound and Silence B.What It Means to Be Silent
C.Silence to Native Americans D.Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold
(二)
Once a neighbor stole one of Washington’s horses. Washington went with a police officer to the neighbor's farm to get the horse, but the neighbor refused to give the horse up; he claimed(声称）that it was his horse.
Washington placed both of his hands over the eyes of the horse and said to the neighbor，“If this is your horse, then you must tell us in which eye he is blind(瞎 的）.”
“In the right eye. ”The neighbor said.
Washington took his hand from the right eye of the horse and showed the police officer that the horse was not blind in the right eye.
“Oh，I have made a mistake,”said the neighbor, “he is blind in the left eye. ”
Washington then showed that the horse was not blind in the left eye, either.
“I have made another mistake，” said the neighbor.
“Yes，” said the police officer，“and you have also proved(证明）that the horse does not belong to(属于） you. You must return it to Mr Washington ”
1. Why did Washington go to the neighbor’s farm with a police officer
A. Because the neighbor was the police officer’s friend
B. Because he wanted to make the neighbor return the horse,
C. Because the police officer was Washington’s friend.
D. Because they were invited ( 邀请) to the neighbor's farm.
2. When Washington and the police officer reached the neighbor’s farm，the neighbor .
A. immediately admitted (承认）that he had stolen the horse
B. received (接待）them warmly
C. said he had lost a horse，too
D. didn’t want to give the horse back to Washington
3. According to the passage, the horse .
A. was not blind at all
B. belonged to Washington s neighbor
C. was stolen by the police officer
D. was not returned to Washington
4. From the passage we know .
A. Washington was a clever man
B. Washington’s neighbor was cleverer than Washington
C. the police officer was the cleverest of the three
D. all the three men were not very clever
(三)
Most damagingly, anger weakens a person's ability to think clearly and keep control over his behaviour. The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance of the person or situation that arouses his anger.
Not everyone experience anger in the same way; what angers one person may amuse another. The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces.In contemporary culture, physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated. We no longer regard duels(决斗) as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one person's awareness of insulting behaviour on the part of another.
Anger can be identified in the brain, where the electrical activity changes.Under most conditions, EEG(脑电图)measures of electrical activity show balanced activity between the right and left prefrontal(额叶前部) areas. Behaviourally this corresponds to the general evenhanded disposition(意向) that most of us possess most of the time. But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas aren't balanced and, as a result of this, we’re likely to react. And our behavioural response to anger is different from our response to other emotions, whether positive or negative.
Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour: we move closer to people we like. Most negative emotions, in contrast, are associated with avoidance behaviour:we move away from people and things that we dislike or that make us anxious. But anger is an exception to this pattern. The angrier we are, the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger. This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as offensive anger the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger. This approach-and-confront behaviour is accompanied by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry(不对称) of EEG activity. Interestingly, this asymmetry lessens if the angry person can experience empathy(同感) towards the individual who is bringing forth the angry response. In defensive anger, in contrast, the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the angry person feels helpless in the face of the anger-inspiring situation.
1.The “duels” example in Paragraph 2 proves that the expression of anger ________.
A.usually has a biological basis
B.varies among people
C.is socially and culturally shaped
D.influences one's thinking and evaluation
2.What changes can be found in an angry brain
A.Balanced electrical activity can be spotted.
B.Unbalanced patterns are found in prefrontal areas.
C.Electrical activity corresponds to one's behaviour.
D.Electrical activity agrees with one’s disposition.
3.Which of the following is typical of offensive anger
A.Approaching the source of anger.
B.Trying to control what is disliked.
C.Moving away from what is disliked.
D.Feeling helpless in the face of anger.
4.What is the key message of the last paragraph
A.How anger differs from other emotions.
B.How anger relates to other emotions.
C.Behavioural responses to anger.
D.Behavioural patterns of anger.
(四)
How to Become Cleverer
Once a boy came to ask a fisherman how to become cleverer, because his mother always called him “foolish boy”.
“That’s easy,” answered the fisherman, “ I know one way to make you become cleverer.”
“Really ”
“Of course. lt is said that a fish head is good for brain. If you eat one, you’ll become cleverer indeed. Pay only three pounds for one fish head.” The boy paid him three pounds and the fisherman cut off a fish head and handed it to him.
A raw fish head is not good一not even for a hungry boy to eat but the boy ate it up in two gulps.
“Do you feel anything ” asked the fisherman.
“Not in my head,” said the boy.
The boy lay on the ground and thought. “One whole fish costs only two pounds. I had paid him three pounds for the fish head. Why couldn’t I have the whole fish for soup, a head for brain and one pound left over ” He jumped up and shouted at the fisherman. “You thief! You are fooling me!” The fisherman laughed, saying, “The fish head works now, you see.”
1.The boy ate up the raw fish head only in two gulps, because he _____.
A.enjoyed it
B.wanted to taste it
C.took it as good medicine
D.was a foolish boy
2.“Not in my head” means “ _____".
A.The fish head was not in the boy's head
B.The boy felt nothing came into his head
C.It's difficult to give an answer right away
D.The boy didn't feel that he was cleverer
3.The boy paid three pounds. He should have had _____.
A.a whole fish
B.a fish head and one pound back
C.a whole fish and one pound back
D.a whole fish,a fish head and one pound back
4._____ helped the boy become cleverer.
A.A good meal
B.The raw fish head
C.Nothing
D.What had happened
四、任务型阅读
How to Survive Embarrassing Moments
Have you ever done something embarrassing (令人窘迫的) At that moment, you probably wished you could disappear into thin air. Unfortunately, embarrassing things happen to everyone at one time or another. The good news You can keep the damage to the minimum. Here's some help.
Laugh it off
You're staring at your crush (意中人) so hard that you walk into a wall. You trip over your own feet and drop all your books. The best thing you can do As long as you're not seriously hurt, laugh it off. Say like “Hey, I can teach you to do that if you want to!” or “It took me years to learn that!” By laughing at yourself, you show people you're confident and still in control of the situation. That's bound to make a stronger impression than the fact that you dropped a stack of books.
Move on
Some situations are too personal to laugh off. Your underwear falls out of your backpack. Your bathing suit falls off in the pool. You pass gas while giving a presentation. Making a joke would just call more attention to what happened — and that's the last thing you want. What now You can just pretend nothing happened and go back to what you were doing, or you can acknowledge it with a “Oh, that was awkward” and then move on.
If there's a joker who thinks it's a good idea to point out how badly you just embarrassed yourself, fix him with a glare and then go back to whatever you were doing. Tell yourself he's a little bug on the ground, not even worth thinking about. Remind yourself that it's over, done. Move on.
Apologize and move on
Some embarrassing situations pack a double punch. Not only do you embarrass yourself, but you make someone else feel bad. You say to a friend that another friend is such a copycat (无主见的人), and then realize the copycat is standing right behind you. You imitate your teacher's unusual accent just as the teacher walks in. Now you're embarrassed and they're mad or hurt.
Making a joke now would make the situation even worse, so don't go there. Although you might feel like running away or even crying, neither of those responses will make you look better. Instead, apologize, “I'm so sorry. That was really mean of me.”
If you've been disrespectful to a teacher or a parent, accept whatever consequences without complaint. If you've hurt a friend, do your best to make it up to them. Once you've done all you can to make things right again, move on. If someone else brings it up, just say, “I feel bad enough about that — can we just let it go, please ”
The next time you're stuck in an embarrassing moment, remind yourself that you're a strong person and you can get through this. Stay calm and act confident and the moment will pass.
Topic It is true that we cannot ①__________getting embarrassed.
②__________ on how to keep the damage to the minimum Laugh it off ·Laugh it off ③__________unless you are seriously hurt. ·Laughing at yourself helps show your ④__________, which will make a deeper. impression than your embarrassment.
Move on ·In some embarrassing situations, you can just move on after ⑤__________ it with a “Oh, that was awkward.” ·If someone points out your embarrassment and laugh at you, ⑥__________at him and continue what you are doing. Tell yourself that those who laugh at you are not ⑦__________of your consideration.
Make an ⑧__________ and then move on ·If you show ⑨__________for teachers or parents, face consequences rather than ⑩__________. ·Make things right again and move on. ·If someone else mentions your mistake, tell him that you hope to let it go.
Stay calm and act confident and you'll survive embarrassment.
Conclusion
五、书面表达
某英文论坛针对不文明旅游行为展开了广泛讨论。假设你是李华,去年夏天你父母带你去伦敦度假。晚上你们在一家餐馆就餐,一个中国男孩说话声音很大,你觉得他的行为非常不文明。请你在此论坛发帖叙述此次经历并发表你的看法。要点如下:
1.公共场合不要大声喧哗;
2.政府应发布旅游指南,列出出境游客注意事项等;
3.……
注意:
1.词数:150左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
一、
1.答案：C
解析：句意:我不能说哪一种酒最好,这是个人口味问题。考查名词词义辨析。affair事情,事务;event事件;matter物质,事情;variety多样性。a matter of是固定短语,意为“……的问题”,所以选C项。
2.答案：C
解析：考查动词时态。根据问句中的two o'clock和答句中的by then可知所填词表示的动作在当时正在进行,故用将来进行时,答案为C项。
3.答案：D
解析：句意: 如果在春天种下西瓜种子, 秋天你就会吃到新鲜的西瓜。本题考查动词时态。A项为一般现在时态; B项为过去将来时态; C项为现在完成时态; D项为将来进行时态, 表示将来某时间正在进行或某阶段内一直在进行的动作, in the fall为表示将来的时间状语, 故答案为D项。
4.答案：B
解析：这里意思是“夏天的温度很少达到30度”。if not 要不;if ever很少;if any如果真有的话;if so假如这样的话。所以选B。句意:这里的气候非常好,夏天的温度很少达到30度。
5.答案：A
解析：句意:没有简单的答案, 在科学上情况经常是这样。因句中有逗号,其后面的句子无连词引导, 可判断该句是定语从句。本句的先行词是空格前的整个句子,有此用法的是as。as在句中意为“正如, 正像”。as is often the case 常被看作是一个固定搭配,意为“情况经常是这样”,符合句意。
6.答案：B
解析：考查动名词的用法。recognize“认出”,为及物动词,且与句子主语he构成逻辑上的动宾关系,故用被动形式,而D项表示这一动作发生于所在句中谓语动词之前,不符合语境。句意:那位电影明星戴着太阳镜,因此,他去购物的时候就不会被人认出来了。
7.答案：D
解析：考查非谓语动词的用法。根据主语problems和solve之间的逻辑关系可排除A项;再根据从句的内容可知,这些问题还没有得到解决,故应用不定式表示还未发生的动作。句意:在准备好长期待在月球上之前我们还有许多问题需要解决。
8.答案：D
解析：本题考查介词的意义。句意:这真是一个需要争分夺秒才能完成的项目。幸运的是,我们圆满地完成了。四个选项中的介词只有D项的against与time构成“against time”才意为“争分夺秒”,其他介词用在此处都不符合句意。故答案选D项。
9.答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。A.remember记得,指事物不知不觉地在脑海中的闪现。;B.remind使想起,提醒;C.recover使恢复;D.recall回忆,多指有意识地回忆起已经被忘记的事情。句意:端午节相传起源于回忆屈原精神。故D正确。
10.答案：D
解析：句意:——恐怕您的电话号码拨错了。——对不起,希望没有打扰您。A为“以后见”;B为“我不知道那件事”;C为“别挂电话”;D为“希望没有打扰您。”根据关键词sorry判断答案。
【考点定位】考查交际英语。
11.答案：B
解析：考查虚拟语气。根据主语的谓语动词形式可知题干表示与过去的事实相反,从句谓语动词用had+过去分词,故选B。
12.答案：A
解析：atmosphere意为“气氛;氛围”;state意为“状态”;situation意为“情形;形势”;phenomenon意为“现象”。由句意可知,会谈应该是在友好的气氛中进行,故A项正确。
13.答案：D
解析：考查祈使句。句意: 在实验室做实验时, 如果有任何变化发生都要仔细观察。根据上下文可知, 后面有两个从句, 一个为条件状语从句, 另一个为时间状语从句的省略句, 由此可知, 在某条件下和某时间, 建议某人做某事。因此, 用的是祈使句。故选D。
14.答案：B
解析：句意:篮球教练及他的队员在他们的突出表现后不久就被采访了。这里as well as作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据as well as前面的内容来确定谓语动词的单复数。这里the basketball coach是单数,故排除AD,根据语境采访已经发生故用过去式,故选B。
15.答案：C
解析：考查时态。句意:今晚七点到八点你最好不要给经理打电话,因为那个时候他将正在开一个重要的会议。表示今晚七点到八点正在进行的动作,故用将来进行时。
二、
解析：
1.本文用一个小故事说明主旨,当你处于困境时,鼓励的话语能激励你,而消极的话可能会导致失败。
D.考查词组。A选项意为“跳过”;B选项意为“快速查看”;C选项意为“下降”;D选项意为“围拢,集合”。文中前两句句意:一群青蛙正穿越树林,其中两只青蛙掉进了一个深坑。所有其他青蛙就围在坑周围。故D正确。
2.B.考查形容词。big大的;deep深的;dangerous危险的;wide宽的。根据上文deep pit可知B正确。
3.A.考查形容词。dead死的;kind好心的;quiet安静的;safe安全的。根据四个选项的词义以及上下文可知:这两只青蛙可能会死。故A正确。
4.C.the others特指除了在坑里的两只青蛙以外的其他的青蛙。
5.B.考查动词。句意:那两只青蛙没有理会其他青蛙所说的话,而是竭尽全力想跳出这个坑。A项promise to do sth.“答应做某事”;B项try to do sth.“尽力做某事”;C项manage to do sth.“设法做成某事”;D项agree to do sth.“同意做某事”。 故B正确。
6.A.考查动词。句意:其他青蛙不停地劝它们别再白费力气了。keep doing sth.“不停地做某事”。故A正确。
7.B.考查词组。come up with提出;pay attention to注意;get used to习惯;get along with和……相处。句意:最终,其中一只青蛙注意到了那些青蛙的话,慎重考虑了它们的意见,最后放弃了。故B正确。
8.D.考查动词。句意:它掉下去死掉了。故D正确。
9.C.考查副词。much很;straight直;hard努力地;fast快地。句意:另一只青蛙继续使劲地跳。故C正确。
10.A.考查名词。句意:那群青蛙再次向它大喊,要它停止痛苦等死算了。A项意为“痛苦”;B项意为“疾病”;C项意为 “害怕,恐惧”;D项意为“竞争,比赛”。故A正确。
11.D句意:它跳得更加使劲,最终跳出了坑。make it是“成功”的意思。其余选项均无此意。故D正确。
12.B.考查动词。follow听从;hear听见;recognize认出;consider考虑。句意:当它出来的时候,其他青蛙说,你没有听见我们的话吗 ”故B正确。
13.A.考查形容词。deaf聋的;blind瞎的;honest诚实的;clever聪明的。句意:那只青蛙向它们解释说它是聋子。故 A正确。
14.C.考查动词。句意:它以为它们一直在鼓励它呢。A项意为“尊敬,尊重”;B项意为“安慰”;C项意为“鼓励”;D项意为“敲打,打败”。故C正确。
15.C.考查名词。society社会;communication交流;tongue舌头;misunderstanding误解。句意:你的舌头能把人说死,也能把人说活。故C正确。
16.A.down在此作形容词,意为“沮丧的,情绪低落的,悲哀的”。angry生气的;away远离的;up向上。句意:一句鼓励的话能鼓励沮丧的人振作起来,帮助他熬过那一天。根据下文a destructive word to someone who is down…也可以推出答案。故A正确。
17.D.who谁;that那个;which哪个;what什么。一句毁灭性的话,对于沮丧的人来说,可能会要他的命。what引导表语从句,作takes的宾语。故D正确。
18.B.考查形容同短语。此句意为“当心你所说的话”。be proud of意为“以……为自豪”;be careful of意为“注意,当心”;be afraid of意为“害怕”;be free of意为“免于”。故B正确。
19.C.考查名词。句意:语言的力量是强大的。A项意为“功能,作用”;B项意为“能量,精力”;C项意为“力量,能力”;D项意为“技能”。故C正确。
20.A.句意:有时候很难理解,一句鼓励的话会有如此深远的影响。故A正确。
三、
（一）答案：1.C; 2.A; 3.D; 4.B
解析：1.本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下的不同内涵。在有些时候,人们利用沉默来解决人们之间的冲突,而在有些时候沉默则被认为表示顽固或者是担忧。
细节理解题。根据文章首段首句The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups可知,作者认为沉默是有文化特性的。故选C。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段中 what may be implied is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing 可知中国人认为谈话时人们的沉默是在思考谈话内容。故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据末段末句 A nurse who understands the healing value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients 可知,作者建议护士要利用沉默的好处来护理病人。故选D 。
4.主旨要义题。文章主要介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话期间的沉默的不同含义,由此判断B选项可以概括文章内容。故选B 。
（二）答案：1.B 2.D 3.A 4.A
解析：1. B 细节理解题，从第一段 Once a neighbor stole one of Washington's horses. Washington went with a police officer to the neighbor's farm to get the horse. 可以知道选B。
2. D细节理解題，从第一段第二句话but the neighbor refused to give the horse up; he claimed(声称）that it was his horse.可以得知选D。
3. A推理判断题。从整个文章可以看出，华盛顿捂住 马的双眼，邻居一开始说是右眼瞎了，但是结果错了。 然后又改口说左眼瞎了，结果又错了。所以马的双眼 根本就没有瞎。
4. A从这件事情可以反映出华盛顿是个非常聪敏睿智 的人。
（三）答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.A; 4.D
解析：1.【语篇导读】本文介绍了愤怒会削弱一个人的思维能力和控制行为的能力,并通过分析大脑电波活动的变化,说明了一个人对愤怒行为的回应不同于对其他情感的回应及其原因。
推理判断题。根据该段中关于“决斗”的描述:在当代文化背景下,愤怒的情绪通过肢体去表达通常被认为对社会有害而不被容忍。由此我们推断出“决斗”这种发泄愤怒的方式是一种特定文化下的产物,同时也是在某一种社会环境下出现的。由此可知“愤怒”的表达方式是在一定文化和社会背景下形成的,答案为C项。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段的But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas aren't balanced...可知:当我们愤怒的时候,脑电图就会显示我们额叶前部的左右部分不再平衡。所以答案为B项。
3.细节理解题。根据第四段中的The angrier we are, the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger.即我们越愤怒就越有可能去接近让我们愤怒的目标,可知答案为A项。
4.主旨大意题。根据该段的前两句话中的approach behaviour和avoidance behaviour可知最后一段就是描述了人们在愤怒时的不同表现形式,所以答案为D项。
【长难句分析】In defensive anger, in contrast, the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the angry person feels helpless in the face of the anger-inspiring situation.相比之下,在防守性的愤怒中,脑电图不对称指向右边脑额叶前部,并且愤怒的人面对激起愤怒的情景感到无助。该句是并列句。and连接the EEG asymmetry is directed to和the angry person feels helpless两个并列句。
（四）答案：1.C; 2.D; 3.C; 4.C
解析：1.本文是一篇故事,叙述了一个男孩因为妈妈经常说他“傻孩子”,所以去问渔夫怎样才能变聪明。渔夫说吃鱼头可以变聪明,他就花了三英镑买了个鱼头,两口呑下了之后,他感觉自己上当了。
C.细节理解题。根据“It is said that a fish head is good for brain. If you eat one, you’ll become cleverer indeed.” 渔夫说鱼头对脑子好,吃了会变聪明,可知男孩两口吞下鱼头,是因为他把鱼头当成能变聪明的良药了。故答案选C。
2.D.根据上下文,渔夫说吃鱼头能变聪明,所以男孩就吃了。吃完后,渔夫问有什么感觉,他回答“Not in my head”,所以应该是男孩没感觉自己变聪明。故答案选D。
3.C.细节理解题。根据“Why couldn’t I have the whole fish for soup, a head for brain and one pound left over ” 可知,男孩花费三英镑可以买到一整条鱼还能找回一英镑。故选C。
4.C.推理判断题。根据文章中男孩吃鱼前后的情况,可知并没有什么帮男孩变得更聪明,因为他本来就不傻。故答案选C。
四、
答案：avoid; Suggestions/Advice/Tips; unless; confidence; acknowledging; glare; worthy; apology; disrespect; complain
五、
答案：
My parents took me to London on holiday last summer. One night we went to a fancy restaurant for dinner. A Chinese boy was speaking very loudly there, ignoring the annoyance he was causing. I was very angry, as it is rude to speak loudly in public. What's more, most foreign restaurants are very quiet, even when they are full. People there keep their voices as low as possible so that only their companions can hear them. So this boy's behavior was very bad. I think our government should put out guides for tourists intending to travel abroad, giving them a list of “dos and don'ts”, and help keep them from damaging our country's image.
学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、单选题
1.I can’t say which wine is beat—it’s a (n) _________ of personal taste.
A. affair B. event C. matter D. variety
2.— Can I call you back at two o'clock this afternoon
— I'm sorry, but by then I ____ to Beijing. How about five
A. fly B. will fly C. will be flying D. am flying
3.If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you ______ fresh watermelon in the fall.
A.eat B.would eat C.have eaten D.will be eating
4.The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, , reaching 30℃ in summer.
A. if not B. if ever C. if any D. if so
5.There is no simple answer, is often the case in science.
A.as B.that C.when D.where
6.The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without .
A.recognizing B.being recognized
C.having recognized D.having been recognized
7.There are still many problems ______ before we are ready for a long stay on the moon.
A.solving B.solved C.being solved D.to be solved
8.It was a real race _____ time to get the project done. Luckily, we made it.
A.over B.by C.for D.against
9.Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to ________ the soul of Qu Yuan.
A. remember B. remind C. recover D. recall
10.—I’m afraid you have the wrong number.
—Sorry.______.
A.See you later B.I didn’t know that
C.Hold on , please D.I hope I didn’t bother you.
11.If Mr. Dewey _____ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.
A.were B.had been C.should be D.was
12.The two parties held the talk in a friendly ____ and reached an agreement.
A.atmosphere B.state C.situation D.phenomenon
13._____ carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.
A. Observing B. To observe C. Observed D. Observe
14.The basketball coach, as well as his team,______interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.
A.were B.was C.is D.are
15.You’d better not call the manager between 7 and 8 this evening, for he an important meeting then.
A. will have B. would have C. will be having D. will have had
二、完形填空
A group of frogs were travelling through the woods, and two of them fell into a deep pit. All the other frogs 1 the pit. When they saw how 2 the pit was, they told the two frogs that they might as well be 3 .
The two frogs ignored what 4 were saying and 5 to jump up out of the pit with all of their physical strength. The other frogs 6 telling them to stop. Finally, one of the frogs 7 the comments, seriously considered them, and gave up. He 8 down and died.
The other frog continued to jump as 9 as he could. Once again, the crowd of frogs shouted at him to stop the 10 and just die. He jumped even harder and finally 11 it. When he got out, the other frogs said,‘‘Didn’t you 12 us ” The frog explained to them that he was 13 . He thought they were 14 him the whole time.
This story teaches us two lessons. First, there is power of life and death in the 15 . An encouraging word to someone who is 16 can cheer him up and help him make it through the day. Second, a destructive word to someone who is down can be 17 it takes to kill him. Be 18 of what you say.
The 19 of words is great. lt is sometimes hard to understand 20 an encouraging word can go such a long way. Anyone can speak words that tend to rob another of the spirit to continue in difficult times.
1.A.jumped over B.looked through C.came down D.gathered around
2.A.big B.deep C.dangerous D.wide
3.A.dead B.kind C.quiet D.safe
4.A.the ones B.another C.the others D.others
5.A.promised B.tried C.managed D.agreed
6.A.kept B.enjoyed C.finished D.stopped
7.A.came up with B.paid attention to C.got used to D.got along with
8.A.slowed B.went C.climbed D.fell
9.A.much B.straight C.hard D.fast
10.A.pain B.disease C.fear D.competition
11.A.worked B.turned C.left D.made
12.A.follow B.hear C.recognize D.consider
13.A.deaf B.blind C.honest D.clever
14.A.respecting B.comforting C.encouraging D.beating
15.A.society B.communication C.tongue D.misunderstanding
16.A.down B.angry C.away D.up
17.A.who B.that C.which D.what
18.A.proud B.careful C.afraid D.free
19.A.function B.energy C.power D.skill
20.A.that B.what C.whether D.when
三、阅读理解
(一)
The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs.
Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.
Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.
Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.
1.What does the author say about silence in conversations
A.It implies anger. B.It promotes friendship.
C.It is culture-specific. D.It is content-based.
2.Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought
A.The Chinese. B.The French. C.The Mexicans. D.The Russians.
3.What does the author advise nurses to do about silence
A.Let it continue as the patient pleases. B.Break it while treating patients.
C.Evaluate its harm to patients. D.Make use of its healing effects.
4.What may be the best title for the text
A.Sound and Silence B.What It Means to Be Silent
C.Silence to Native Americans D.Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold
(二)
Once a neighbor stole one of Washington’s horses. Washington went with a police officer to the neighbor's farm to get the horse, but the neighbor refused to give the horse up; he claimed(声称）that it was his horse.
Washington placed both of his hands over the eyes of the horse and said to the neighbor，“If this is your horse, then you must tell us in which eye he is blind(瞎 的）.”
“In the right eye. ”The neighbor said.
Washington took his hand from the right eye of the horse and showed the police officer that the horse was not blind in the right eye.
“Oh，I have made a mistake,”said the neighbor, “he is blind in the left eye. ”
Washington then showed that the horse was not blind in the left eye, either.
“I have made another mistake，” said the neighbor.
“Yes，” said the police officer，“and you have also proved(证明）that the horse does not belong to(属于） you. You must return it to Mr Washington ”
1. Why did Washington go to the neighbor’s farm with a police officer
A. Because the neighbor was the police officer’s friend
B. Because he wanted to make the neighbor return the horse,
C. Because the police officer was Washington’s friend.
D. Because they were invited ( 邀请) to the neighbor's farm.
2. When Washington and the police officer reached the neighbor’s farm，the neighbor .
A. immediately admitted (承认）that he had stolen the horse
B. received (接待）them warmly
C. said he had lost a horse，too
D. didn’t want to give the horse back to Washington
3. According to the passage, the horse .
A. was not blind at all
B. belonged to Washington s neighbor
C. was stolen by the police officer
D. was not returned to Washington
4. From the passage we know .
A. Washington was a clever man
B. Washington’s neighbor was cleverer than Washington
C. the police officer was the cleverest of the three
D. all the three men were not very clever
(三)
Most damagingly, anger weakens a person's ability to think clearly and keep control over his behaviour. The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance of the person or situation that arouses his anger.
Not everyone experience anger in the same way; what angers one person may amuse another. The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces.In contemporary culture, physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated. We no longer regard duels(决斗) as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one person's awareness of insulting behaviour on the part of another.
Anger can be identified in the brain, where the electrical activity changes.Under most conditions, EEG(脑电图)measures of electrical activity show balanced activity between the right and left prefrontal(额叶前部) areas. Behaviourally this corresponds to the general evenhanded disposition(意向) that most of us possess most of the time. But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas aren't balanced and, as a result of this, we’re likely to react. And our behavioural response to anger is different from our response to other emotions, whether positive or negative.
Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour: we move closer to people we like. Most negative emotions, in contrast, are associated with avoidance behaviour:we move away from people and things that we dislike or that make us anxious. But anger is an exception to this pattern. The angrier we are, the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger. This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as offensive anger the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger. This approach-and-confront behaviour is accompanied by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry(不对称) of EEG activity. Interestingly, this asymmetry lessens if the angry person can experience empathy(同感) towards the individual who is bringing forth the angry response. In defensive anger, in contrast, the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the angry person feels helpless in the face of the anger-inspiring situation.
1.The “duels” example in Paragraph 2 proves that the expression of anger ________.
A.usually has a biological basis
B.varies among people
C.is socially and culturally shaped
D.influences one's thinking and evaluation
2.What changes can be found in an angry brain
A.Balanced electrical activity can be spotted.
B.Unbalanced patterns are found in prefrontal areas.
C.Electrical activity corresponds to one's behaviour.
D.Electrical activity agrees with one’s disposition.
3.Which of the following is typical of offensive anger
A.Approaching the source of anger.
B.Trying to control what is disliked.
C.Moving away from what is disliked.
D.Feeling helpless in the face of anger.
4.What is the key message of the last paragraph
A.How anger differs from other emotions.
B.How anger relates to other emotions.
C.Behavioural responses to anger.
D.Behavioural patterns of anger.
(四)
How to Become Cleverer
Once a boy came to ask a fisherman how to become cleverer, because his mother always called him “foolish boy”.
“That’s easy,” answered the fisherman, “ I know one way to make you become cleverer.”
“Really ”
“Of course. lt is said that a fish head is good for brain. If you eat one, you’ll become cleverer indeed. Pay only three pounds for one fish head.” The boy paid him three pounds and the fisherman cut off a fish head and handed it to him.
A raw fish head is not good一not even for a hungry boy to eat but the boy ate it up in two gulps.
“Do you feel anything ” asked the fisherman.
“Not in my head,” said the boy.
The boy lay on the ground and thought. “One whole fish costs only two pounds. I had paid him three pounds for the fish head. Why couldn’t I have the whole fish for soup, a head for brain and one pound left over ” He jumped up and shouted at the fisherman. “You thief! You are fooling me!” The fisherman laughed, saying, “The fish head works now, you see.”
1.The boy ate up the raw fish head only in two gulps, because he _____.
A.enjoyed it
B.wanted to taste it
C.took it as good medicine
D.was a foolish boy
2.“Not in my head” means “ _____".
A.The fish head was not in the boy's head
B.The boy felt nothing came into his head
C.It's difficult to give an answer right away
D.The boy didn't feel that he was cleverer
3.The boy paid three pounds. He should have had _____.
A.a whole fish
B.a fish head and one pound back
C.a whole fish and one pound back
D.a whole fish,a fish head and one pound back
4._____ helped the boy become cleverer.
A.A good meal
B.The raw fish head
C.Nothing
D.What had happened
四、任务型阅读
How to Survive Embarrassing Moments
Have you ever done something embarrassing (令人窘迫的) At that moment, you probably wished you could disappear into thin air. Unfortunately, embarrassing things happen to everyone at one time or another. The good news You can keep the damage to the minimum. Here's some help.
Laugh it off
You're staring at your crush (意中人) so hard that you walk into a wall. You trip over your own feet and drop all your books. The best thing you can do As long as you're not seriously hurt, laugh it off. Say like “Hey, I can teach you to do that if you want to!” or “It took me years to learn that!” By laughing at yourself, you show people you're confident and still in control of the situation. That's bound to make a stronger impression than the fact that you dropped a stack of books.
Move on
Some situations are too personal to laugh off. Your underwear falls out of your backpack. Your bathing suit falls off in the pool. You pass gas while giving a presentation. Making a joke would just call more attention to what happened — and that's the last thing you want. What now You can just pretend nothing happened and go back to what you were doing, or you can acknowledge it with a “Oh, that was awkward” and then move on.
If there's a joker who thinks it's a good idea to point out how badly you just embarrassed yourself, fix him with a glare and then go back to whatever you were doing. Tell yourself he's a little bug on the ground, not even worth thinking about. Remind yourself that it's over, done. Move on.
Apologize and move on
Some embarrassing situations pack a double punch. Not only do you embarrass yourself, but you make someone else feel bad. You say to a friend that another friend is such a copycat (无主见的人), and then realize the copycat is standing right behind you. You imitate your teacher's unusual accent just as the teacher walks in. Now you're embarrassed and they're mad or hurt.
Making a joke now would make the situation even worse, so don't go there. Although you might feel like running away or even crying, neither of those responses will make you look better. Instead, apologize, “I'm so sorry. That was really mean of me.”
If you've been disrespectful to a teacher or a parent, accept whatever consequences without complaint. If you've hurt a friend, do your best to make it up to them. Once you've done all you can to make things right again, move on. If someone else brings it up, just say, “I feel bad enough about that — can we just let it go, please ”
The next time you're stuck in an embarrassing moment, remind yourself that you're a strong person and you can get through this. Stay calm and act confident and the moment will pass.
Topic It is true that we cannot ①__________getting embarrassed.
②__________ on how to keep the damage to the minimum Laugh it off ·Laugh it off ③__________unless you are seriously hurt. ·Laughing at yourself helps show your ④__________, which will make a deeper. impression than your embarrassment.
Move on ·In some embarrassing situations, you can just move on after ⑤__________ it with a “Oh, that was awkward.” ·If someone points out your embarrassment and laugh at you, ⑥__________at him and continue what you are doing. Tell yourself that those who laugh at you are not ⑦__________of your consideration.
Make an ⑧__________ and then move on ·If you show ⑨__________for teachers or parents, face consequences rather than ⑩__________. ·Make things right again and move on. ·If someone else mentions your mistake, tell him that you hope to let it go.
Stay calm and act confident and you'll survive embarrassment.
Conclusion
五、书面表达
某英文论坛针对不文明旅游行为展开了广泛讨论。假设你是李华,去年夏天你父母带你去伦敦度假。晚上你们在一家餐馆就餐,一个中国男孩说话声音很大,你觉得他的行为非常不文明。请你在此论坛发帖叙述此次经历并发表你的看法。要点如下:
1.公共场合不要大声喧哗;
2.政府应发布旅游指南,列出出境游客注意事项等;
3.……
注意:
1.词数:150左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
一、
1.答案：C
解析：句意:我不能说哪一种酒最好,这是个人口味问题。考查名词词义辨析。affair事情,事务;event事件;matter物质,事情;variety多样性。a matter of是固定短语,意为“……的问题”,所以选C项。
2.答案：C
解析：考查动词时态。根据问句中的two o'clock和答句中的by then可知所填词表示的动作在当时正在进行,故用将来进行时,答案为C项。
3.答案：D
解析：句意: 如果在春天种下西瓜种子, 秋天你就会吃到新鲜的西瓜。本题考查动词时态。A项为一般现在时态; B项为过去将来时态; C项为现在完成时态; D项为将来进行时态, 表示将来某时间正在进行或某阶段内一直在进行的动作, in the fall为表示将来的时间状语, 故答案为D项。
4.答案：B
解析：这里意思是“夏天的温度很少达到30度”。if not 要不;if ever很少;if any如果真有的话;if so假如这样的话。所以选B。句意:这里的气候非常好,夏天的温度很少达到30度。
5.答案：A
解析：句意:没有简单的答案, 在科学上情况经常是这样。因句中有逗号,其后面的句子无连词引导, 可判断该句是定语从句。本句的先行词是空格前的整个句子,有此用法的是as。as在句中意为“正如, 正像”。as is often the case 常被看作是一个固定搭配,意为“情况经常是这样”,符合句意。
6.答案：B
解析：考查动名词的用法。recognize“认出”,为及物动词,且与句子主语he构成逻辑上的动宾关系,故用被动形式,而D项表示这一动作发生于所在句中谓语动词之前,不符合语境。句意:那位电影明星戴着太阳镜,因此,他去购物的时候就不会被人认出来了。
7.答案：D
解析：考查非谓语动词的用法。根据主语problems和solve之间的逻辑关系可排除A项;再根据从句的内容可知,这些问题还没有得到解决,故应用不定式表示还未发生的动作。句意:在准备好长期待在月球上之前我们还有许多问题需要解决。
8.答案：D
解析：本题考查介词的意义。句意:这真是一个需要争分夺秒才能完成的项目。幸运的是,我们圆满地完成了。四个选项中的介词只有D项的against与time构成“against time”才意为“争分夺秒”,其他介词用在此处都不符合句意。故答案选D项。
9.答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。A.remember记得,指事物不知不觉地在脑海中的闪现。;B.remind使想起,提醒;C.recover使恢复;D.recall回忆,多指有意识地回忆起已经被忘记的事情。句意:端午节相传起源于回忆屈原精神。故D正确。
10.答案：D
解析：句意:——恐怕您的电话号码拨错了。——对不起,希望没有打扰您。A为“以后见”;B为“我不知道那件事”;C为“别挂电话”;D为“希望没有打扰您。”根据关键词sorry判断答案。
【考点定位】考查交际英语。
11.答案：B
解析：考查虚拟语气。根据主语的谓语动词形式可知题干表示与过去的事实相反,从句谓语动词用had+过去分词,故选B。
12.答案：A
解析：atmosphere意为“气氛;氛围”;state意为“状态”;situation意为“情形;形势”;phenomenon意为“现象”。由句意可知,会谈应该是在友好的气氛中进行,故A项正确。
13.答案：D
解析：考查祈使句。句意: 在实验室做实验时, 如果有任何变化发生都要仔细观察。根据上下文可知, 后面有两个从句, 一个为条件状语从句, 另一个为时间状语从句的省略句, 由此可知, 在某条件下和某时间, 建议某人做某事。因此, 用的是祈使句。故选D。
14.答案：B
解析：句意:篮球教练及他的队员在他们的突出表现后不久就被采访了。这里as well as作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据as well as前面的内容来确定谓语动词的单复数。这里the basketball coach是单数,故排除AD,根据语境采访已经发生故用过去式,故选B。
15.答案：C
解析：考查时态。句意:今晚七点到八点你最好不要给经理打电话,因为那个时候他将正在开一个重要的会议。表示今晚七点到八点正在进行的动作,故用将来进行时。
二、
解析：
1.本文用一个小故事说明主旨,当你处于困境时,鼓励的话语能激励你,而消极的话可能会导致失败。
D.考查词组。A选项意为“跳过”;B选项意为“快速查看”;C选项意为“下降”;D选项意为“围拢,集合”。文中前两句句意:一群青蛙正穿越树林,其中两只青蛙掉进了一个深坑。所有其他青蛙就围在坑周围。故D正确。
2.B.考查形容词。big大的;deep深的;dangerous危险的;wide宽的。根据上文deep pit可知B正确。
3.A.考查形容词。dead死的;kind好心的;quiet安静的;safe安全的。根据四个选项的词义以及上下文可知:这两只青蛙可能会死。故A正确。
4.C.the others特指除了在坑里的两只青蛙以外的其他的青蛙。
5.B.考查动词。句意:那两只青蛙没有理会其他青蛙所说的话,而是竭尽全力想跳出这个坑。A项promise to do sth.“答应做某事”;B项try to do sth.“尽力做某事”;C项manage to do sth.“设法做成某事”;D项agree to do sth.“同意做某事”。 故B正确。
6.A.考查动词。句意:其他青蛙不停地劝它们别再白费力气了。keep doing sth.“不停地做某事”。故A正确。
7.B.考查词组。come up with提出;pay attention to注意;get used to习惯;get along with和……相处。句意:最终,其中一只青蛙注意到了那些青蛙的话,慎重考虑了它们的意见,最后放弃了。故B正确。
8.D.考查动词。句意:它掉下去死掉了。故D正确。
9.C.考查副词。much很;straight直;hard努力地;fast快地。句意:另一只青蛙继续使劲地跳。故C正确。
10.A.考查名词。句意:那群青蛙再次向它大喊,要它停止痛苦等死算了。A项意为“痛苦”;B项意为“疾病”;C项意为 “害怕,恐惧”;D项意为“竞争,比赛”。故A正确。
11.D句意:它跳得更加使劲,最终跳出了坑。make it是“成功”的意思。其余选项均无此意。故D正确。
12.B.考查动词。follow听从;hear听见;recognize认出;consider考虑。句意:当它出来的时候,其他青蛙说,你没有听见我们的话吗 ”故B正确。
13.A.考查形容词。deaf聋的;blind瞎的;honest诚实的;clever聪明的。句意:那只青蛙向它们解释说它是聋子。故 A正确。
14.C.考查动词。句意:它以为它们一直在鼓励它呢。A项意为“尊敬,尊重”;B项意为“安慰”;C项意为“鼓励”;D项意为“敲打,打败”。故C正确。
15.C.考查名词。society社会;communication交流;tongue舌头;misunderstanding误解。句意:你的舌头能把人说死,也能把人说活。故C正确。
16.A.down在此作形容词,意为“沮丧的,情绪低落的,悲哀的”。angry生气的;away远离的;up向上。句意:一句鼓励的话能鼓励沮丧的人振作起来,帮助他熬过那一天。根据下文a destructive word to someone who is down…也可以推出答案。故A正确。
17.D.who谁;that那个;which哪个;what什么。一句毁灭性的话,对于沮丧的人来说,可能会要他的命。what引导表语从句,作takes的宾语。故D正确。
18.B.考查形容同短语。此句意为“当心你所说的话”。be proud of意为“以……为自豪”;be careful of意为“注意,当心”;be afraid of意为“害怕”;be free of意为“免于”。故B正确。
19.C.考查名词。句意:语言的力量是强大的。A项意为“功能,作用”;B项意为“能量,精力”;C项意为“力量,能力”;D项意为“技能”。故C正确。
20.A.句意:有时候很难理解,一句鼓励的话会有如此深远的影响。故A正确。
三、
（一）答案：1.C; 2.A; 3.D; 4.B
解析：1.本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下的不同内涵。在有些时候,人们利用沉默来解决人们之间的冲突,而在有些时候沉默则被认为表示顽固或者是担忧。
细节理解题。根据文章首段首句The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups可知,作者认为沉默是有文化特性的。故选C。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段中 what may be implied is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing 可知中国人认为谈话时人们的沉默是在思考谈话内容。故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据末段末句 A nurse who understands the healing value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients 可知,作者建议护士要利用沉默的好处来护理病人。故选D 。
4.主旨要义题。文章主要介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话期间的沉默的不同含义,由此判断B选项可以概括文章内容。故选B 。
（二）答案：1.B 2.D 3.A 4.A
解析：1. B 细节理解题，从第一段 Once a neighbor stole one of Washington's horses. Washington went with a police officer to the neighbor's farm to get the horse. 可以知道选B。
2. D细节理解題，从第一段第二句话but the neighbor refused to give the horse up; he claimed(声称）that it was his horse.可以得知选D。
3. A推理判断题。从整个文章可以看出，华盛顿捂住 马的双眼，邻居一开始说是右眼瞎了，但是结果错了。 然后又改口说左眼瞎了，结果又错了。所以马的双眼 根本就没有瞎。
4. A从这件事情可以反映出华盛顿是个非常聪敏睿智 的人。
（三）答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.A; 4.D
解析：1.【语篇导读】本文介绍了愤怒会削弱一个人的思维能力和控制行为的能力,并通过分析大脑电波活动的变化,说明了一个人对愤怒行为的回应不同于对其他情感的回应及其原因。
推理判断题。根据该段中关于“决斗”的描述:在当代文化背景下,愤怒的情绪通过肢体去表达通常被认为对社会有害而不被容忍。由此我们推断出“决斗”这种发泄愤怒的方式是一种特定文化下的产物,同时也是在某一种社会环境下出现的。由此可知“愤怒”的表达方式是在一定文化和社会背景下形成的,答案为C项。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段的But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas aren't balanced...可知:当我们愤怒的时候,脑电图就会显示我们额叶前部的左右部分不再平衡。所以答案为B项。
3.细节理解题。根据第四段中的The angrier we are, the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger.即我们越愤怒就越有可能去接近让我们愤怒的目标,可知答案为A项。
4.主旨大意题。根据该段的前两句话中的approach behaviour和avoidance behaviour可知最后一段就是描述了人们在愤怒时的不同表现形式,所以答案为D项。
【长难句分析】In defensive anger, in contrast, the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the angry person feels helpless in the face of the anger-inspiring situation.相比之下,在防守性的愤怒中,脑电图不对称指向右边脑额叶前部,并且愤怒的人面对激起愤怒的情景感到无助。该句是并列句。and连接the EEG asymmetry is directed to和the angry person feels helpless两个并列句。
（四）答案：1.C; 2.D; 3.C; 4.C
解析：1.本文是一篇故事,叙述了一个男孩因为妈妈经常说他“傻孩子”,所以去问渔夫怎样才能变聪明。渔夫说吃鱼头可以变聪明,他就花了三英镑买了个鱼头,两口呑下了之后,他感觉自己上当了。
C.细节理解题。根据“It is said that a fish head is good for brain. If you eat one, you’ll become cleverer indeed.” 渔夫说鱼头对脑子好,吃了会变聪明,可知男孩两口吞下鱼头,是因为他把鱼头当成能变聪明的良药了。故答案选C。
2.D.根据上下文,渔夫说吃鱼头能变聪明,所以男孩就吃了。吃完后,渔夫问有什么感觉,他回答“Not in my head”,所以应该是男孩没感觉自己变聪明。故答案选D。
3.C.细节理解题。根据“Why couldn’t I have the whole fish for soup, a head for brain and one pound left over ” 可知,男孩花费三英镑可以买到一整条鱼还能找回一英镑。故选C。
4.C.推理判断题。根据文章中男孩吃鱼前后的情况,可知并没有什么帮男孩变得更聪明,因为他本来就不傻。故答案选C。
四、
答案：avoid; Suggestions/Advice/Tips; unless; confidence; acknowledging; glare; worthy; apology; disrespect; complain
五、
答案：
My parents took me to London on holiday last summer. One night we went to a fancy restaurant for dinner. A Chinese boy was speaking very loudly there, ignoring the annoyance he was causing. I was very angry, as it is rude to speak loudly in public. What's more, most foreign restaurants are very quiet, even when they are full. People there keep their voices as low as possible so that only their companions can hear them. So this boy's behavior was very bad. I think our government should put out guides for tourists intending to travel abroad, giving them a list of “dos and don'ts”, and help keep them from damaging our country's image.