Unit 5 First aid (知识点剖析)
单词·巧记·典句·考点
aid［eid］ ?n.& vi. ?帮助；援助；资助
【巧记提示】 aid（资助）→aim（目的）
【经典例句】 She came to my aid.
她来帮助我。
【考点聚焦】 辨析aid与help：
相同点:aid与help作动词时，都有“帮助”之意，有时可通用。
不同点:aid 是比较正式的用法，较为庄重，在日常生活中并不多用；help则含义较广，特别在日常生活中用的较多，几乎所有用aid的地方都可以用help代替，但在表示“救护”时，用aid不用help。
我的记忆卡
固定搭配?first aid (对伤患者)急救 ?in aid of支持，援助?with the aid of sb.=with sb.'s aid 在某人的帮助下?aid sb.to do sth.帮助某人去做…… ?aid sb.in/with 为……（事）帮助某人
injury［ri］?n?.损伤；伤害
【巧记提示】 in（在……里）+jur(法律；法学；法理)+?y（品质；性质；状态）
【经典例句】 In the crash he suffered severe injuries to the head and arms.
在事故中他头部和双臂受了重伤。
【考点聚焦】 1）injure也可表示“损害名誉；伤害感情等”。
2）同根词injured ?adj. 受伤的，受委屈的
3）辨析injure，hurt与wound：
injure一般指由于意外或事故而受伤；
hurt多用于精神上的伤害。hurt是受伤的一般用语，也可指精神上的伤害；
wound指外伤，如枪伤、刀伤、剑伤，尤指在战争中、战斗中受伤；
hurt也可用作不及物动词，意为“疼痛，惹起痛苦”。
bleed[bli：d] ?v.? 出血，流血
【巧记提示】 bleed(流血)→blood(血)
【经典例句】 His nose was bleeding.
他在流鼻血。
【考点聚焦】 1）bleed常引申为“为国家、正义等流血、牺牲”。
2）固定搭配：
bleed for 为……而流血，悲痛
bleed sb.white 榨干血汗，榨完钱财
bleed to death 出血过多而导致死亡
burn [bЗ：n] ?v.? (被)烧毁；（被）烧伤；（被）烫伤 ?n.?烧伤或灼伤（的痕迹）
【经典例句】 v.?She burnt all his letters to her.
她把所有他寄给她的信都烧了。
? n.? There are some burns on her hand.她手上有烧伤的疤痕。
【考点聚焦】 burn的过去式、过去分词同形，其形式为burned或burnt。
organ[ɡn]? n?. 器官
【巧记提示】 organ（器官）→origin（由来）
【经典例句】 The eyes are the organs of sight.
眼睛是视觉器官。
【考点聚焦】 1）organ常引申为“机关”，如：state organs国家机构；a government organ一个政府机关
2）同根词：organic ?adj. 有机物的，有机体的；organism ?n.［C］生物，有机体；机体，有机组织；organize/ise ?vt.组织；organization ?n.［C］团体，机构；［U］组织
treatment [ri：tmnt]?n.? 治疗；处理；对待
【巧记提示】 treat(对待)+-ment(名词后缀，表示“行为；过程”)
【经典例句】 His treatment of the animal was cruel.
他对待这只动物很残忍。
【考点聚焦】 1）意为“对待”时，用作不可数名词（如上例）；当意为“治疗（法）”时，既可以用作可数名词也可以用作不可数名词。如：
There are various treatments available for this condition.
针对这种病情有各种疗法。
2）同根词：treat ?v.? 对待；处理；招待；treaty ?n.? 条约
mild[maild]? adj.? 轻微的；温和的；温柔的
【巧记提示】 一句话记单词：
She is actually mild not wild.
事实上她很温和一点也不粗野。
【经典例句】 He has too mild a nature to get angry, even if he has good cause.
他的性情太温和了,即使有充分的理由,他也不会动怒。
【考点聚焦】 1）同义词：gentle；easy；calm；反义词：severe；unkind；stormy
2)习惯用语：
(as)mild as milk（as a lamb,as a dove,as May）性情非常温和
damage[ mid]? vt.? ?& n.? 损害；毁坏
【巧记提示】 dam(原义指“损失”)+?age(附于名词或动词之后组成名词的词尾，表“行动；动作”)
【经典例句】 ?v.?Smoking can damage your health.
抽烟会损害你的健康。
? n.? Frost caused heavy damage to the crops.
霜冻对农作物造成了重大损害。
【考点聚焦】 1）辨析damage和destroy：
程度:destroy指彻底地破坏，而damage指不完全破坏；
后果:destroy表示不能修复使用，而damage指不能发挥正常作用；
对象:destroy可指人或事物，而damage不能指人；
原因:destroy强调外界力量，而damage侧重人为过失。
2）damage 可用作不可数名词，常和介词 to连用，表示“对……的损害”。
present [przent] ?v.? 给；介绍；赠送；呈现
【巧记提示】 pre?(在……之前)+sent（发送；寄）
【经典例句】 The mayor presented the prizes in person.
市长亲自颁奖。
【考点聚焦】 1）present还可以用作形容词，意为“在场的，出席的”；用作名词时意为“礼物”。
2）同根词：presence ?n.? 在场；出席
3）固定搭配：
at present 现在的；马上的
for the present 暂时的；目前的
ceremony [erimni] ?n.? 典礼；礼仪；礼节
【巧记提示】 ceremony（典礼）→cereal(谷物)
【经典例句】 The head of state was welcomed with full ceremony.
人们以最高规格的仪式欢迎国家首脑。
【考点聚焦】 1)作“典礼；仪式”讲时，为可数名词；作“礼节；礼仪；客套”讲时，为不可数名词。
2）固定搭配：
stand on ceremony拘泥礼节；讲究客套
with ceremony 正式；隆重
without ceremony不拘礼节地；随便地
短语·巧记·典句·考点
first aid 急救
【巧记提示】 first(首要的)+aid(援救)
【经典例句】 First aid is of great help in our daily life.
急救在日常生活中帮助很大。
【考点聚焦】
我的记忆卡
常见的固定搭配 give/offer aid 援助 come to sb. 's aid 帮助某人 cut off aid 突然终止援助 a hearing aid 助听器 teaching aids 教具 medical aid 医疗救护 with the aid of 借助于,通过……的帮助 in aid of 为了帮助
fall ill 生病
【巧记提示】 fall(变成；成为)+ill(病)
【经典例句】 Hearing the bad news, he fell ill.
听到坏消息后，他病了。
【考点聚焦】 fall在这里是连系动词，在短语中意为“变得，变成”，类似短语还有：
fall asleep 入睡；fall silent 沉默
electric shock 触电；电休克
【巧记提示】 electric(电的)+shock(冲击；休克)
【经典例句】 The electric shock deprived him of his life.
触电夺走了他的生命。
【考点聚焦】 同根词：electrical? adj.?用电的；与电有关的；electricity ?n.?电流；电；electronic ?adj.? 电子的
我的记忆卡
其他与electric相关的搭配?electric cord 电线 electric fan电扇?electric light 电灯 electric current 电流?electric train 电动火车 electric stove 电炉?electric power 电力
squeeze out 榨出；挤出
【巧记提示】 squeeze(挤)+out(出)
【经典例句】 The boss squeezed out the last drop of blood of the worker.
老板榨干了这个工人身上的最后一滴血。
【考点聚焦】 相关词组：squeeze...out of 压出，挤出；榨取，如：
to squeeze the juice out of a lemon 榨出柠檬汁
over and over again 反复；多次
【巧记提示】 over(结束)+ and + over + again(又)
【经典例句】 He mentioned that rumor over and over again.
他一再提及到那个谣言。
【考点聚焦】 同义短语：time and again;
again and again
in place 在适当的位置；适当
【巧记提示】 in（在）+place(位置)
【经典例句】 I like everything to be in place.
我喜欢一切东西都放在原来的地方。
【考点聚焦】 1）in place 还有“就绪”之意，如：
With everything in place, she started the slide show.
一切就绪，她开始放幻灯片。
2）其他与place相关的短语：
give place to 为……取代；让位于
in place of 代替
out of place 在错误的位置；在不适当的位置
take place 发生；举行
take the place of 代替，替代
a number of 若干，许多
【巧记提示】 a+number（数量）+of
【经典例句】 I've seen the movie a number of times.
这部影片我已看过多次了。
【考点聚焦】 辨析a number of和the number of：
a number of意为“许多，大量”，后接可数名词；
the number of 意为“……的数目”，谓语动词用单数。
我的记忆卡
在number前添加形容词所构成的搭配?a great number of tourists 许多观光者?a large number of students 许多学生?a good number of books 许多书?a small number of errors 少数的错误?a certain number of young women 一些年轻的女性
句子·剖析·拓展
Take clothing off the burned area unless it is stuck to the burn.
除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则都要把它脱掉。
【剖析】 1）全句是一个复合句结构。
2）主句是一个以动词“take”开头的祈使句。
3）unless引导了一个条件状语从句。
【拓展】 1)unless是连词，意为“如果不，除非”。在真实条件句中，unless引导的肯定条件状语从句可以和if...not...引导的否定状语从句互换。如：
Unless you change your mind，I won't be able to help you.
=If you don't change your mind，I won't be able to help you.
除非你改变想法，否则我不能帮助你。
I want you to keep working unless I tell you to stop.
=I want you to keep working if I don't tell you to stop.
如果我没说让你停，你就得继续干。
2）unless 不可用于假想的事情，因此当if...not引导非真实条件状语从句时，一般不可改用unless。
It was John's quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slade's life.
正是约翰的快捷动作和急救知识救了斯莱德女士的命。
【剖析】 1）整个句子是一个简单句。
2）本句使用了强调句型，强调句子的主语“John's quick action and knowledge of first aid”。
【拓展】 强调句结构是英语中最常使用的句型之一，用来强调谓语以外的任何成分。其构 成形式是：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+剩余部分。在本结构中，it无意义，
只是改变一个句子的结构，使某一成分得到强调；若原句属于现在或将来时态范畴，be用is的形式，若原句属于过去时态范畴，be用was的形式。
There is no doubt that John's quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade's life.
毫无疑问，是约翰敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技术，使得斯莱德女士的生命得救了。
【剖析】 1）整个句子是一个复合句，that引导的是同位语从句。
2）同位语从句属于名词性从句，大多由从属连词that引导，常常跟在fact, idea,? opinion, news, hope, belief等名词后面。同位语从句一般用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内容，在逻辑上表现为同位关系。如：
They were delighted at the news that their team had won.
当听到他们的球队赢了的消息时，他们欣喜若狂。
【拓展】 1）There's no doubt that...是固定句式，意为：“毫无疑问……”。
2）There's no doubt 后接名词时，需用介词about或of。如：
There's no doubt about/of his honesty.
毫无疑问他是诚实的。
3）doubt作动词时，肯定句中可用whether，if，that引起宾语从句，否定句中只能用that。如：
He doubted whether they would be able to help.
他拿不准他们是否能帮上忙。
语法·剖析
什么是省略?
1.省略是一种避免重复、保持简洁的语法手段。?
2.凡是缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分，但在一定语境中能够独立存在，意义明确，并且能发挥交际功能的句子就是省略句。
省略的分类?
1.语篇省略和情景省略 ?
有的省略句可以从上下文找到被省略的成分，这种省略叫做语篇省略。如：?
Shanghai is one of the largest cities in the world, if not the largest (city).?
上海即使不是世界上最大的城市也堪称世界最大的城市之一。 ?
2.情景省略?
有的省略句虽然从上下文中找不到被省略的成分，但是可以从语言情景中推断出被省略的成分。如：?
(I am) Glad to see you.见到你真高兴。
简单句、并列句和复合句的省略?
分类 说明 举例
简单句的省略 不定式的省略 A: Will you join us 你要同我们一道去吗？ B: I should love to (join you).我愿意。
介词的省略 We have lived here (for) ten years. 我们在这儿已经住了10年了。 但是在否定句中,此类for不能省略。如： I haven't seen you for three months. 我已经三个月没有见到你了。 It's no use (in) crying.哭也没用。
在并列句中 一般说来，在后一并列然中凡是与上文相同的成分通常都要省略。 My room is on the fifth floor, and hers (is) on the eighth (floor).我的房间在五楼,而她的在八楼。 I came at right but Henry (came) at nine. 我在八点来,但是亨利在九点来。
复合句的省略 状语从句 当状语从的主语和主句的主语一致，且状语从句中含有be 动词时，省略状语从句中的主语和be 动词。 When （the novel is） published, the novel will become one of the best sellers of the year. 那本小说出版的时候就会成为当年的畅销书之一。 Although (he was) hard-working, he couldn't earn ?enough? to support himself. 尽管努力工作,他的收入还是不够自己糊口。 When (the grapes are) ripe, the grapes will be delicious. 当葡萄成熟之后就会很好吃。
定语从句 如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，这个关系代词可以省略。 Here is the man (whom) you've been looking for. 这位就是你一直在找的人。 He's the man (who/that) you can safely ?depend? on. 他是你能放心信赖的人。 There are many plays (that) I'd like to see. 有很多话剧我想看。
复合句的省略 宾语从句 引导宾语从句的that之后接的从句不长时，可以省略。如果that 后面的宾语从句较长时，that 不能省略。 I hope (that) you'll be fine soon. 我希望你尽快康复。 Now scientists warn that if not under control, the unseen energy waves, “electric smog”, may be hazardous to our health. 现在科学家警告说,有一种肉眼看不到的能波,即“电子烟尘”,如果不加以控制,可能危害人类的健康。
主语从句 有时整个主句都可省略，只剩下一个从句。这种省略现象通常出现在简短答语中。 A: You all like the story？你们都喜欢这个故事？ B: Yes, except that the conclusion is too long. 是的,只是结尾太仓促。Book5 Unit5 First Aid预习学案
目标聚焦、
了解有关家庭意外急救的措施。
学会使用省略句，尤其是状语从句的省略。
学会使用简练而准确的词汇写出简单的急救措施。
走近课文：
请同学们阅读并完成Reading1.
请同学们阅读并完成Reading2.
句式点击：
If possible, discuss what kind of first aid you should give in these situations.
If possible（=If it is possible）是省略句.
在条件状语从句中 们从句的结构是“It is +adj.”或从句的主语与主句的主语一致，从句的谓语动词是be+to do /doing/done,可以把”It be ”主语和be省略而构成省略。
eg. Unless (I am ) invited, I will not go to the party.
如果不邀请我，我就不去参加晚会。
So, as you can imagine, if you skin gets burned, it can be very serious.
因此，你可以想象到，如果你的皮肤烧伤了，就可能非常严重。
as you can imagine是as引导的非限制性定语从句，关系代词as在句子中作的宾语，指代的是”if your skin gets burned, it can be very serious”整个句子,as意思是”正如,好像”该句子可以转化为 “So, if you skin gets burned, it can be very serious, which/ as you can imagine.
turn white when pressed 受压时变白
是一个省略句，完整的形式为：
等从 属词在引导状语从句时，若从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且谓语动词中含有系动词。则可以省略主语和，构成连词分词结构
Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an amateur course at university.
我对摄影不只是感兴趣，我在大学里还选修过业余课程来提高技术呢？
not only…… but also……连接两个并列的分句时，前面得分句用倒装，后一个不用。
Have you ever had a case where sb. accused your journalists of getting the wrong
你有么有过这样的情况：别人控告你的记者说他的报道失实呢？
where 引导定语从句，相当于in which ：修饰先行词case; 另外situation, position, point, stage 等词的后面也常跟where引导的定语从句 。
eg. Can you think of a situation where we can use this expression
你能想出一个我们可以使用这个词的情景吗？
语法：
省略
课文原句
If possible, discuss what kind of first aid you should give in these situations.
turn white when pressed
以上两个句子的省略都属于状语从句中的省略。
为了避免重复，句子中的某些成分可以省略。常见的省略有以下几种情况。
并列复合句中某些相同成分的省略：
eg. He often regards English as easy and (he often regards )French as difficult.
他常把英语看做是简单的，而法语是难的。
状语从句中的省略：
eg. Wood gives much smoke while(wood is) burning.
木头燃烧时放出很多烟。
宾语从句中的省略：
Please give me one of these books, I don’t care which（you pass me）
请给我以本书，我不在乎哪一本。
不定式结构中的省略：
---- Will you go with me 你愿意和我一起去吗？
---- Well. I’d like to (go with you ).好的，我愿意（和你一起去）。
使用so, not等的省略：
----Can you finish your work today？
---- I think so.
She may not be free today. If so, you will not come to me.
知识点：
aid
1）n. 帮助；援助
The job would be impossible without the aid of a computer.
这项工作不用计算机是不行的。
We should give some economic aid to the Third World.
我们应该给予第三世界国家一些经济援助。
2）v.援助；帮助；支援
aid sb. to do sth.=aid sb. in doing sth.=aid sb. with sth.
帮助某人干某事
with thw aid/help of sb.=with one’s aid/help
在某人的帮助下
为了帮助……
injury n.
1）伤，伤口
2）伤害，损害
Your words may injury her pride.
你的话也许会伤他的自尊心。
受伤的 adj. injured
He was injured badly in an accident during the work.
他在一次工商事故中收了重伤。
区别：
injury指平时的大、小创伤或伤害，也可以用于无生命的东西。
would 指战斗中刀、抢的伤。
hurt 尤指精神上火身体上的伤害、肉体上的伤痛。
damage指损失、损害（不表示伤痛），主要用于物.
harm指精神和肉体的极大伤害，不但可以用于生物，也可以用于抽象事物。
electric电的（用电的，带电的，发电的）电灯电炊具电椅 adj.
electric指由电产生的或代电的物体。
electrical多指本身不产生电，却与电有关的或有关电学方面的。
an electric clock/lamp电钟、电灯
an electrical engineer电气工程师
electricity n.电
barrier屏障，障碍物
The crowd had to stand behind barriers.
人群只好站在屏障的后面。
障碍；阻力；关卡
分界线，隔阂，障碍
There was no barrier between reality and fantasy in his hand.
在他的头脑中，现实与幻想之见没有这正的界线。
the barrier against sth.
防止……的障碍
the language barrier
语言障碍
swell（使）膨胀，隆起
Her leg has swollen badly.
他的腿肿的很厉害。
His heart swelled with pride as he watched his daughter collected her prize.
他看着女儿领奖时心中充满了自豪感。
squeeze挤；压榨；榨
He squeezed an orange to get the juice out.
他挤压橘子一便榨出桔汁。
He squeezed himself into a crowed bus.
他挤进拥挤的公共汽车。
squeeze in/into
挤进去
squeeze out
榨出，挤出，压出
squeeze sth. out of
挤出榨出Unit 5 巩固练习
一、用所给的单词或词组的正确形式填空（有多余的选项）Convince, damage, attack, aid, attempt, electric, squeeze, stick to, value
1. He makes me _____________of his honesty.
2. We were _________in our investigation by the police.
3. He is ironing his clothes with an ___________iron.
4. He was asked to pay 200 yuan for the _____________done to me.
5. More than three air_____________ were made during that night.
6. The thief_________________ a lot of money out of that old man.
二、words
1. aid
a. They_______ the poor country _______money then.
b. ________our teachers, we have made great progress in English.
c. I________ her _______study English in the past.
d.进行急救________________
e.援助__________________
f.助听器_________
g.教具
2. injury n. injuries pl. injure vt
a. The increasing traffic accidents have caused many________ and deaths.
b. He fell down from his bike and was_____________.
c. The ________are being sent to hospital after the accident.
3. present
a. John__________ his award at a ceremony which recognized the bravery of ten people who had saved the life of another.
b. On Teachers’ Day, our class will________ some flowers to our teachers.
c. The general manager will_________ a report _____the Board of Directors (董事会) of the company.
d .I’ll______ Mr Wang________ you.
e. Who will _______the TV show
f. After finishing your writing, please_______ what you wrote_______ the class.
g. Many fishes are _______in the river now after it has been dealt with properly.
h. The people______ at the meeting are advanced teachers.
4. electric/electricity/electronic/electrical
a. It is so hot today, but the__ fan isn’t working.
b. A lot of ___equipment is needed for large theatres
c. The________ was cut off for several days.
d. His father is a _______engineer.
e. There is no_________ station in this area.
f. The dictionary is available in ____________form.
A. electric B. electrical C. electronic D. electron
g.发电机 h.电流 i.电源插头 j.电烙铁 k.电力工程 l.电子计算器 m.电子字典
5. damage/destroy
a. Smoking can_____ your health.
b. His careless remark_____ his reputation.
c. An explosion_______________ the building completely.
d. The court awarded him $200_______________to that company.
e. What’s the _________of the furniture.
f. What some people did has done _____the environment.
6. convince
a. How can I __________you ________her honesty
b. What __________you _________vote for them
c. He _____________that she was guilty.
7. sense
a.苏醒过来
b.讲得通，有意义
c.弄懂-----的意思
8. take one’s place/ take the place of / in place
a. Mr. Wang is ill. Who will_________
b. It is likely that computers will ____mankind in the future.
c. She is a lovely girl and always keeps everything__________.
9. take off/up/
a. He ____________his hat and bowed politely as he passed.
b. When did you _______playing basketball
Keys to exx
一、1.convinced 2.aided 3.electric 4.damages 5.attacks 6.squeezed
二、1.a.aided/with/in b. with the aid of c. aided/to d. give/carry out/do/perform first aid
e. give/offer aid f. hearing aid g. teaching aids
2. a. injuries b. injured c. injured
3. a. was presented with b. present c. present/to d. present/to
e. present f. present/to g. present h. present
4. a.electric b. electronic c.electricity d.electrical e.electric f. C g.an electric generator h.an electric current i.an electric plug j.an electric iron k.electrical engineering l.an electronic calculator m.an electronic dictionary
备注：electric 指可发电的或靠电力操作的或由电力生产的
Electrical 与电有关的（人员或物品）
Electronic 电子的
5.a.damage b. has destroyed c. has destroyed d. damages e. damage f. damage to
6.a.convince/of b.has convinced/to c.was convinced
7.a.come to senses b.make sense c.make sense of
8.a.take his place b.take the place of c.in place
9.a.took off b.take upUnit5 First aid
I.Fill in the blanks with proper words to complete the sentences, the first letter is given.
When you find someone hurt, you should perform first a_____ as soon as possible.
It’s impolite to do an i_______ to a person’s reputation.
Is money e________ to happiness.
The sprain made my ankle s______ up.
He fell down onto the ground as he was cleaning the window, and what’s more, he sprained his w_____.
The d_____ air will make food go bad.
After the match, the chairman p______ gold medals to the champions(冠军).
He has a strong s_____ of duty.
He was suspected(有---的嫌疑) of p______ his wife.
In my opinion, I don’t think the news is a________.
She is so m_____ that I have never seen her angry look.
Those blackmailers(勒索者) intended to s______ more money out of him.
II.Fill in the blanks with the phrases in the box to complete the sentences using their proper forms。
You have three layers of skin to _______ you _______diseases, poison and the sun’s harmful rays.
He ________ his hat and bowed (鞠躬) to us.
If your skin_________ , it will be very serious.
The skin can ________ your body ________ losing water.
I prefer to _________ my shirts while they are still damp.
The cut soon _________ over, but it left a scar.
She _________ to death on a fish bone.
I __________ their success.
He was _________ an experiment when I rang him.
The town _________ a library.
plete the following sentences.
迅速采取急救措施将会挽救一个人的生命。
________ _______ _______ quickly will save one’s life.
除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则都要把它脱掉。
_______ clothing _______ the burned area unless it _______ _______ _______ the burn..
正是在这条大街上我遇到了我的一个朋友。
________ ________ in this street ________ I met one of my friends.
他今天穿着一件白色的衣服。
Today he ______ _______ ______white.
你要参加讨论吗？
Are you going to ________ ________ ________ the discussion.
他从那卷布上剪下了一米。
He ________ ________ a metre of cloth from the roll.
令他的老师吃惊的是，他在急救测试中做得比预料的要好。
______ ______ _______ _______ , he did better in her first aid exam than expected.
你必须坚决执行这次决定。
You must firmly ________ ________the decision.
这两栋房子相距得很近。
The two buildings _______ _______ ________ each other.
雪覆盖了地面。
The ground _______ _______ ________snow.
IV.Paraphrase the following sentences。
She was unlucky enough to get ill on vacation.
= She was unlucky enough to ________ ________ / ________ ________on vacation.
2. First degree burns are not serious and should be better within a day or two.
= First degree burns are not serious and should be better within _______ _______ ______ _______.
3. Second degree burns affect both the top and the second layer of the skin.
= Second degree burns affect _______ _______the top layer _______ _______ the second layer of the skin.
4. Taking clothes off burnt area unless stuck to the burn.
=Taking clothing off burnt area unless _______ ________ stuck to the burn.
= Taking clothing off burnt area _______ it _______ _______ stuck to the burn.
5. Place cool wet cloths on the burnt area over and over (again).
= Place cool wet cloths on the burnt area _______ _______ ______.
6. If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher, if possible.
= If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher, if _______ _______ possible.
Test Paper of Unit 5 (120 points)
I. Multiple Choices(15 points)
1. ---I’m sorry, I’m late.
---_______, we have a few minutes left.
A. You don’t sorry B. Not sorry
C. Never mind D. You shouldn’t sorry.
2. It is well known that Thomas Edison _______ the electric lamp.
A. invented B. discovered C. found D. developed
3. Sugar is not an important element in bread, but flour is _______.
A. unique B.essential C. natural D. adequate
4.He is very good at carpentering, though _______.
A. he was very young B. very young
C. he very young D. is very young
5. I will answer the teacher’s question when _______.
A. I ask B. I will be asked C. asked D. I shall be asked
6. Fruit juice can be harmful _______ children’s teeth.
A. for B. toward C. with D. to
7.My chest _____ when I take a deep breath, doctor.
A. hurts B. wounds C.harms D. injure
8.The foreign teacher Mr. Halt has a strange way of writing. Here’s a notice for him, but no clear_____ of what he has written can be made at all.
A. explanation B. meaning
C. sense D. idea
9. The fellow felt rather ____ as he was the only person that wore sportswear at the party.
A. in place B. out of place
C. by the way D. in the way
10. ______ on the snake led to his own death.
The farmer’s taking pity
The farmer taking
The farmer took
The farmer to take
11. Not until all the fish die in the river ____ how serious the pollution was.
did the villagers realize
the villagers realized
the villagers realized
didn’t the villagers realize
12. With the development of our country, more and more students ____ to university.
A. admit to B. admitted to
C. are admitted D. are admitted to
13. --- Brad was Jane’s brother!
--- _____ he reminded me so much of Jane!
A. No doubt B. Above all
C. No wonder D. Of course
14. The flowers _____ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
to smell B. smelling C. smelt D to be smelt
15. New York, _____ last year, is a nice old city.
A. that I visited B. which I visited
C. where I visited D. in which I visit
II. Closet test (30 points)
A
In Mr. Allen’s school class, all the students have to “get married”. However, the wedding __16_ sometimes become so noisy that the loud laughter drowns out the __17_ of the “minister”. Even the two students getting married often begin to laugh.
The teacher, Mr. Allen, believes that marriage is a difficult and serious business. He wants young people to understand that there are many changes that must take place after marriage. He believes that the __18_ for these psychological and financial changes should be understood before people marry.
Mr. Allen doesn’t only introduce his students to main problems faced in marriage such as illness or being out of work. He also _19 _ them to the difficult and particular problems they will face every day. He wants to introduce young people to all the worries that can bring the __20 point to a marriage. He even makes his students know the problems of _ 21___ and the fact that divorced men must pay child support money for their children and sometimes pay their wives every month.
It has been unsettling for some of the students to see the problems that a ___22__ couple often faces. ___23___ they took the course, they had not worried much about the problems of marriage. However, both students and parents feel that Mr. Allen’s course is ___24___ and have favored the course publicly. Their statements and letters supporting the class have asked the school to ___25____ the course again.
16. A. conferences B. competitions C. celebrations D. ceremonies
17. A. whisper B. announcement C. scream D. voice
18.A. possibility B. responsibility C. need D. supply
19.A. exposes B. explains C. extends D. exhausts
20.A. uniting B. burning C. breaking D. freezing
21.A. wedding B. division C. participation D. divorce
22.A. divorced B. complained C. fascinated D. married
23.A. If B. After C. Until D. Because
24.A. disagreeable B. flexible C. valuable D. unbelievable
25.A. afford B. offer C. establish D. affect
B
It’s an age-old saying: Men are from Mars; women are from Venus. Males and females 26 different behaviors almost from birth. Researchers say these behaviors are due to 27 differences in brain structure and activity. Studies show men are better at hitting targets （靶子）and solving math problems 28 women are better at memorizing words and 29 faces. Why the differences
A test of the brain’s electrical activity shows that women commonly use both sides of their brain while men rely more on one. Scientists already know that the two sides of the brain control different functions —one controlling the sense of space, 30 , the other controlling language. Some researchers believe that the different ways men and women use their brains 31 from ancient times, when cave men hunted and women 32 the children. Men had to have good aim. Women had to talk to the kids.
Whatever the 33 , the battle of the sexes continues. And although their brains are constructed slightly differently, men and women may be equally capable. They may simply 34 different abilities. Take a couple arguing over the location of their car in a parking lot. The man might use his sense of 35 to find it, while the woman relies on her memory of landmarks. Both of them find the car. But chances are, they’ll still argue about who’s the better driver and who’s better at finding the way home.
26. A. build B. form C. choose D. show
27. A. basic B. average C. great D. exact
28. A. so B. as C. yet D. while
29. A. realizing B. recognizing C. describing D. painting
30. A. at least B. as a result C. above all D. for example
31. A. grew B. developed C. invented D. produced
32. A. supported B. carried C. cared for D. gave birth to
33. A. consideration B. decision C. imagination D. explanation
34. A. show off B. take on C. depend on D. keep up
35. A. area B. space C. sight D. distance
III. Reading Comprehension.(40 points)
A
As the world watched the twin towers of the World Trade Center come under attack, a common phrase was repeated:“It looks like a movie.”
But this time there was no superman to save the people or the famous building. The attack destroyed one of the world’s highest skyscrapers and left 5,000 people dead or missing.
Movie fans have become used to such events after years of Hollywood films showing disasters, terrorism(恐怖主义) and danger, The Empire State Building, the White House, New York City and even the American president himself have all been threatened by terrorist attacks in these exciting films.
The film“True Lies”, released(发行) in 1994 is considered to be a good example of this kind of movie. The special effects, including explosions and missiles, make the action look like a real thing.
“Independence Day”in 1996 took this type of movie one step further by blowing up the White House. This science fiction movie is about a war between human beings and aliens(外来人) from another planet. In the movie, the World Trade Center towers are destroyed.
Violence has become a major part of Hollywood movies. And this is what people enjoy. Soon after the attacks, many famous film companies stopped the planned releases of some of their new movies, especially if their films showed terrorist attacks or plane crashes. “Swordfish” was top of the American box office in June, 2001. But the movie’s story was frighteningly similar to the Sept.11 disaster. The film would have been stopped in American and British cinemas after the attack.
But it’s unlikely that Hollywood will stay quiet for long. It is already waiting for the feeling in America to calm down.
36. What is the main subject of the newspaper article
A．The relationship between the Sept.11 attack and Hollywood films.
B．The effect of the Sept.11 attack on Hollywood films
C．The response Hollywood made to the Sept.11 attack.
D．The result of Hollywood films showing violence and disasters.
37. Which of the following is true
A．Hollywood made a lot of money out of the film“Swordfish”in June.
B．Hollywood stopped making films showing terrorism and disasters after the Sept.11 attack.
C．“Swordfish”was not allowed to be shown after the Sept.11 attack.
D．The World Trade Center was destroyed because no superman came to save it.
38. From this article we know that .
A．Hollywood is a filmmaking center making films of violence and disasters
B．too many Hollywood films showing terrorism and disasters resulted in the Sept.11 attack
C．people who were used to the Hollywood films were not shocked at the Sept.11 attack.
D．in fact, the Sept.11 attack had nothing to do with Hollywood films.
B
Last week, I bought an alarm system(报警系统) for about $ 450. It consisted of a control unit with three other small units. I put the control unit in the sitting room and fastened the other units by the front door, back door and living-room windows. The instructions told us to choose three numbers, so we chose 491, the last three numbers of our telephone number.
Now I must explain how the alarm works:
1. There is a power siren(警报器) in the control unit. It makes a very loud noise.
2. Each of the small units sends out beams(光束) or rays in different directions. If anything moves, it breaks a beam. This sends a signal to the control unit. The siren makes a noise that you can hear 50 meters away.
3. When we go to bed, I press the three buttons numbered 4, 9 and 1. Then we have 30 seconds to get out of the room before the alarm starts to work.
That might I slept soundly because I was sure that no burglar(夜贼) could get into our house. However, at about 2:10a.m., I woke up and heard the siren(警报).
“There must be a burglar in the house,” Mary said. “What shall we do ”
“I’ll go and see who’s there,” I said. “Stay here. Don’t make a noise.”
I went downstairs quietly. When I reached the living room, I switched on my torch and looked round the room. Then I turned the light on. I switched the siren off and searched the rooms downstairs. There was nothing wrong except that the back door was unlocked. I locked it, re-set the alarm and went back to bed.
About an hour later, the alarm started again. I jumped out of bed, fell over a chair in the dark and bumped into the bedroom door. Mary woke up and started hitting me with a torch. “Hey! Wait a minute!” I whispered. “It’s only me. I’ m going downstairs to see what’s wrong.”
I went down into the living room and listened for a moment. The only sound I could hear was the siren. I turned on the light and then switched the siren off. As I did so, I glanced across at the curtains in front of the windows. I saw a house lizard (蜥蜴) disappear behind the curtains.
“Oh!” I said to myself. “That’s our burglar.”
When the lizard moved, it started the siren. I guessed that the alarm had been made in Europe, where there are no house lizards.
Well, I won’t finish this story but if you want an alarm system free of charge, let me know. I’ll send you ours. We bought a dog this morning. It knows the difference between a lizard and a burglar.
39. The writer bought an alarm system to .
A．make sure that he got up early every day
B．warn him when there were lizards in his house
C．frighten burglars and tell him that somebody had got into the house
D．make Mary feel safe to live in the large room
40. The purpose of the three units was to .
A．send a message to the control unit and start the siren
B．sound their own sirens when the control unit told them to
C．check that the control unit worked properly all the time
D．give them enough light
41. If the writer set the alarm and remained in the room for more than half a minute, .
A．nothing would happen B．the control unit would not work
C．the siren would make a noise D．the dog would bark
42. The purpose of the writer in writing the passage is to .
A．tell us that the alarm system doesn’t work
B．tell us an interesting experience
C．show us how the alarm system works
D．make it clear that he wants to give away his alarm system
c
The gray-haired lady can’t wait to leave the building to search for her dad. Unless watched, she will walk in the streets in an effort to find her father, who died 30 years ago.
Not all cases of Alzheimer’s disease look like this, but Alzheimer’s is a serious disease that is said to be the fourth or fifth leading cause of death for people over age 75.
It is said that about three percent of the U.S. population over age 65 have Alzheimer’s. In the early stages, people may exhibit short term memory loss. Some may experience changes in personality, easy to be angry. As the disease progresses, patients might lose the ability to move and may be unable to speak or move at all. This progressive disease generally lasts 8 to 10 years before death occurs.
While no one is certain what causes these changes in the brain’s nerve fibers (神经纤维), their effect is certain. Alzheimer’s destroys not only the patients, but also spouses (配偶), friends and families.
What should you do if you notice progressive memory loss in yourself or a loved one Have the person examined by a doctor who is a specialist in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Though many reasons other than Alzheimer’s disease may cause memory loss, its early diagnosis (诊断) and treatment may delay some of the most serious effects.
What feeling will you likely experience should a loved one suffer from Alzheimer’s disease A person will often go through the various stages of sadness, shock, anger, and so on. If the spouse develops the disease, you may experience hurt and disappointment when he or she doesn’t remember you are married.
Life for the Alzheimer’s patients and their loved ones will never be the same as the disease progresses, bringing a deep sorrow, loss and even anger towards God. No matter what feelings are present, facing them honestly will serve one better than burying them.
43. What can be inferred from the passage about the gray-haired lady
A. She has been living with her father.
B. She was sad about the death of her father.
C. She can’t search for her father without being watched.
D. She suffers from Alzheimer’s disease.
44. When people suffer from Alzheimer’s disease, ________ .
A. their families and friends will suffer from the same disease
B. their families and friends will experience mental sufferings
C. they will certainly die in 8 to 10 years
D. they will forget everybody but their spouses
45. Memory loss occurs ________.
A. from Alzheimer’s disease and nothing else
B. from sadness, shock, anger, and so on
C. for a number of reasons
D. with changes in personality
46. From the passage we know that ______ .
A. early treatment may stop Alzheimer’s disease occurring
B. it is still unknown what causes the changes in the brain’s nerve fibers
C. nerve fibers in the brain will cause Alzheimer’s disease
D. when one suffers from Alzheimer’s disease, he will be buried’
D
I made a pledge(誓言) to myself on the way down to the vacation beach cottage. For two weeks I would try to be a loving husband and father. Totally loving. No ifs, ands or buts.
The idea had come to me as I listened to a talk on my car radio. The speaker was quoting a Biblical（圣经的）passage about husbands being thoughtful of their wives. Then he went on to say, "Love is an act of will. A person can choose to love." To myself, I had to admit that I had been a selfish husband. Well, for two weeks that would change.
And it did. Right from the moment I kissed Evelyn at the door and said, "That new yellow sweater（套头衫） looks great on you."
"Oh, Tom, you noticed, "she said, surprised and pleased. Maybe a little puzzled.
After the long drive, I wanted to sit and read. Evelyn suggested a walk on the beach. I started to refuse, but then I thought, "Evelyn's been alone here with the kids all week and now she wants to be alone with me. "We walked on the beach while the children flew their kites.
So it went. Two weeks of not calling the Wall Street firm where I am a director; a visit to the shell museum though I usually hate museums. Relaxed and happy, that's how the whole vacation passed. I made a new pledge to keep on remembering to choose love.
There was one thing that went wrong with my experiment, however. Evelyn and I still laugh about it today. On the last night at our cottage, preparing for bed, Evelyn stared at me with the saddest expression.
"What's the matter " I asked her.
"Tom," she said in a voice filled with distress(悲痛), "do you know something I don't "
"What do you mean "
"Well…that checkup（体检） I had several weeks ago…our doctor…did he tell you something about me？Tom, you've been so good to me…am I dying "
It took a moment for it all to sink in. Then I burst out laughing.
"No, honey," I said, wrapping her in my arms. "You're not dying; I'm just starting to live."
47. From the story we may infer that Tom drove to the beach cottage ________.
(A) with his family (B) with Evelyn (C) alone (D) with his children
48. During the two weeks on the beach, Tom showed more love to his wife because _________.
she looked lovely in her new clothes
(B) he had made a lot of money in his Wall Street firm
(C) he was determined to be a good husband
(D) she was seriously ill
49. The author says, "There was one thing that went wrong with my experiment. "What was the one thing that went wrong
He praised her sweater, which puzzled her.
(B) She insisted on visiting a museum, which he hated.
(C) He knew something about her illness but didn't tell her.
(D) He was so good to her that she thought she must be dying.
50. By saying "I'm just starting to live," Tom means that ________.
(A) he is just beginning to understand the real meaning of life
(B) he is just beginning to enjoy life as a loving husband
(C) he lived an unhappy life before and is now starting to change
(D) he is beginning to feel regret for what he did to his wife before
E
There was once a professor of medicine, who was very strict with the students. Wheneverhe took the chair on the exam committee(担任考试委员会主席), the students would be in fear, because he was seldom pleased with the answers they gave. A student would be lucky enough if he or she could receive a good mark from him. At the end of the term, the students of medicime would take their exam again. Now a student entered the exam room and got seated before the committee. This student was a little nervous as he knew it would not be so easy to get through the exam at all.
The professor began to ask. The student was required to describe a certain illness, his description of which turned to（结果是）be OK.
Then the professor asked about the cure (药剂) for illness, and the student, too, answered just as right.
“Good,” said the professor, “ and how much will you give the patient ”
“A full spoon”, answered the student.
“Now you may go out and wait for what you can get.”, said the professor. At the same time, the committee discussed carefully the answers the student had given. Suddenly the student noticed that there was something wrong with his last answer. “ A full spoon is too much,” he thought to himself. Anxiously he opened the door of the room and cried, “Mr Professor, I’ve make a mistake! A full spoon is too much for a patient. He can take only five drops.”
“I’m sorry, sir.” Said the professor coldly, “But it’s too late. Your patient has died.
( ) 51. The students were afraid of the professor because_________.
A. they often angered and disappointed him
B. their answers often astonished him
C. their answers seldom satisfied him
D. he often misunderstood(误解) them and give them bad markers
( ) 52. The student’s description of the illness was _____.
A. not correct
B. not satisfied
C. completely discouraging
D. accepted.
( ) 53. Before he left the room the student was almost sure that ______.
A. he had passed the exam, and the only thing was to wait for the mark
B. his last answer was satisfying
C. he had made a mistake
D. he had not done well in the exam.
( ) 54. Which of the following is Not true
A. The patient will be in danger if he’s taken as much as a full spoon.
B. The doctor will be in trouble if he’s given the patient a full spoon.
C. Since one spoon is less than five drops, the patient will be all right soon if he takes only one full spoon at a time.
D. If the patient wants to remain safe, he should take no more than five drops at a time.
( ) 55.Which guess is the most resonable from the passage
A. The student must have passed the exam.
B. The students may not have passed the exam.
C. The student must have been very happy when he heard, “Your patient has died.”
D. The professor must have been very pleased and given the student a good mark.
IV. Proof Reading. ( 10 pionts)
On one summer night, Henry was sleeping in his room 1._______
when suddenly he woke up and sensed that something 2._______
unusual. He looked out of the window and finding a 3.________
store nearby on the street was in fire. He immeditately 4._______
shouts at the top of his voice “Fire! Fire!Help!” He 5. _______
phoned 119 at once and then went out to put out fire. 6. _______
but it was very big a fire that he couldn’t put it out 7. _______
by himeself. Lucky enough, a lot of neighbours came out 8. _______
and soon firefighters arrived. The fire was finally put out 9. _______
and when the firefighters praised Henry his quick ation, 10. _______
he smiled, feeling very pleased.
V. Composition. (25 points)
人们对于学生网上交友持不同意见。请你用英语写一篇关于学生网上交友的短文，介绍他们的观点,并表明自己的看法.
.
赞成的理由 反对的理由 你的看法
1．广交朋友2．可自由表达思想3．利于外语学习 1．浪费时间2．影响学习3．可能上当受骗 ？
注意：1．文章必须包括表中的全部内容。
2．词数为100左右。
3．参考词汇： 网络朋友on-line friend(s)，上当受骗to be cheated
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
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KEYS TO TEST PAPER OF UNIT 5
学力评测:
I. 1.aid 2.injury 3. essential 4.swell 5.wrist 6.damp 7.presented 8.sense 9.poisoning 10.aunthentic 11.mild 12.squeeze
II. 1.protect against 2.took off 3.gets burned 4.prevent from 5.iron 6.healed 7.was choked 8.am proud of 9.carrying out 10.was presented with
III. 1.Giving/Performing first aid 2.Take off, is stuck to 3.It was, that 4.is dressed in 5. take part in / join us in 6.cut off 7.To his teacher’s surprise 8.carry out 9. are/stand close to 10. is covered with
VI. 1.fall ill / become ill 2.one or two days 3. not only, but also 4.it is; if--- is not 5.again and again/ time and again 6. it is
I. Multiple Choices 1-5.CABBC 6-10.DACBA 10-15.ACCBB
II.Cloze: 16-20 DDCAC 21-25 DDBCB
26-30 DADBD 31-35BCDCB
III.Reading Comprehension: 36-40 BADCA 41-45 CBDBC
46-50 BDCDB 51-50CDACB
VI. PROOF READING
去掉on。在某一个夏日的夜晚表达为 one summer night，前不用介词。
去掉that. that 后加一个句子。
finding改为found。因为与looked 并列。
in改为 on. be on fire 意思是“在着火”
shouts 改为 shouted。时态一致。
fire前加 the. 特指上文出现的火灾。
very 改为 so 意为“如此---以至于---”
lucky改为luckily 作状语，用副词形式
正确
his后加for praise sb. for意为因为某事表扬某人
V. Compositon
One possible version:
Should students make friends on line Some people say yes .The internet helps make many friends .Chatting on line ,students can more freely express their feelings and opinions ,and even get help with their foreign language studies .
Others ,however, think students should not .They say making friends on line is a waste of time ,which should be spent more meaningfully on study .Besides ,some students get cheated on line.
It is my opinion that students should place their study ,health and safety before other things .As for friendship ,we can readily find it in our classmates and other people around us.
protect…against…, prevent…from…, get burnt, take off, choke, carry out, be proud of, iron, present sb. with sth.., healUnit 5 First aid
核心单词
1. aid
n.& vi. 帮助；援助；资助
vt.&n. 帮助;援助;救助
They aided flood victims. 他们援助遭受水灾的灾民。
They aided in solving the problem. 他们帮忙解决这个问题。
常用结构:
first aid 急救
aid sb. 帮助某人
aid sb. with sth. 帮助某人(做)某事
in aid of 支持;为……筹措
aid sb. in (doing) sth. 在……方面帮助某人
联想拓展
表示一般意义的“帮助”或“援助”时，aid 是不可数名词；表示具体意义的“助手”、“辅助用品”时，aid是可数名词。如：A dictionary is an important aid in learning a new language.(字典是学习一种新语言的重要工具)。用作动词时，搭配为aid sb. to do sth.帮助某人（做）某事(其中的 to 不可省略)，也可用于 aid sb. in doing sth.帮助某人(做)某事。
易混辨析
aid/help/assistance
aid 表示经济或其他方面给予的帮助或援助，多指强者(或足够者)援助弱者，多用于团体。
help 指给人精神或物质上的帮助，强调受助者的需要，有利于达到一定的目的或目标。
assistance 多指个人给予道义、知识、物质等方面的帮助，所提供的帮助往往只起辅助作用。
高手过招
单句改错 (原创)
①The family lived on government aids for two years.
②We may travel on/under the aid of a good map.
③We，ve aided him finish the work ahead of time.
答案：①aids→aid ②on/under→with ③finish→to finish或in finishing
2. injury
n. 损伤；伤害
Many common injuries happen every day in the home.
家庭中每天都有许多常见的意外伤害。
常用结构:
do sb. an injury 伤害某人
be an injury to sb./sth. 伤害；危害某人/某事
escape injury 免受伤害
repair injury 赔偿损害
serious／severe injuries 重伤
a slight injury 轻伤
In the crash he suffered severe injuries to the head and arms.
在事故中他头部和双臂受了重伤。
易混辨析
injure/wound/hurt
injure指人在意外事故中受到的伤害,用于无生命物体的损坏，更多用于表示对人的某个部位的损伤。
wound 指利器或子弹对肉体造成的伤害。是出血的、严重的伤，特指战场上的受伤。也指感情受伤。
hurt 指的伤害与injure 同样严重，也可指较轻的疼痛，常指因不小心而引起的痛苦或意外地受到伤害。hurt 也可指对人的感情的伤害。
Your remark may injure her pride.
你的话也许会伤她的自尊。
Blood gushed from his wound.血从他的伤口涌出。
Hurt other people, hurt yourself.害人害己。
高手过招
选词填空(injure/hurt/wound) （原创）
①Ten soldiers were killed and thirty serious .
②He was deeply by her dishonesty.
③I my back lifting that box.
④In the traffic accident ten were killed and eight were .
⑤She felt at your words.
⑥The bullet him in the shoulder.
答案：①wounded ②hurt ③hurt ④injured ⑤hurt ⑥wounded
3. situation
n. 形势;处境;事态;局面;位置
易混辨析
situation/state/condition
situation指一定时期内总的情况、形势、事态，亦可指国际、国内形势，是可数名词。
state用单数形式表示人或事物的情况及状况，如外貌、心理、外观等方面，可与不定冠词连用，常用于in a state of或in a... state。
condition的单数形式表示人或物本身的状况，在这个意思上与state相近；而复数形式则指事物之外的环境与情况，与circumstances意思相近。
When he later grew to dislike Eliza, he faced a difficult situation.
当他接下来对伊丽莎的讨厌与日俱增的时候，他陷入了一种困难的境地。
After that I give the students various situations and they make up sentences about them.
从那以后，我提供给学生各种各样的情境，他们依照这些情境造句。
His business is in a good state. 他的生意很好。
The condition of the house was so bad that nothing could make it safe to live in.
房屋的条件太差了以至于不能安全地住在里面。
温馨提示
situation与condition, occasion, point, case一样，后常用where, in which引导定语从句。
Can you imagine a situation where/in which you can use the word 你能想像出可以使用这个单词的语境吗？
高手过招
用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空 （原创）
①He，s got himself into a dangerous situation he is likely to lose control over the plane.
②I can ,t think of the situation I meet my father.
③They have to think of a good idea to cope with the situation they face.
答案：①where ②where ③that/which
4. damage
vt.& n. 损害；毁坏
易混辨析
ruin/destroy/damage
ruin强调毁灭的彻底性，并且是一次性的行动。这种毁灭也许力量不是很大，但其严重性却使其不能修复,它强调的是毁坏的长期结果。
destroy指通过某种有力的或粗暴的手段使之毁灭或无用，一般不能或很难修复，有时用于比喻意义。
damage则指对价值和功能的破坏，多用于无生命的东西，一般还可以修复。
The storm ruined the crops. 暴风雨毁坏了庄稼。
The house across the street is in ruins.
街道对面的房子已是一片废墟。
He has destroyed my hope. 他破坏了我的希望。
The earthquake destroyed a lot of buildings.
地震毁坏了许多楼房。
The bridge was damaged by the flood.
那座桥梁被洪水损坏了。
温馨提示
destroy只能用作动词，而ruin和damage既能用作动词又能用作名词。
高手过招
单项填空
An earthquake struck this area, a lot of damage. (2010·01·山东青岛二中模块检测)
A.Making B. causing C. done D. Caused
解析:选B。make与damage不能搭配使用；“造成损失、损害”用do/cause damage；此处的动词与前面的句子构成逻辑上的主谓关系，所以需用现在分词作结果状语。
5. present
n.礼物；目前
adj.在场;出席;当前的
v.颁发;授予;赠给
常用结构：
be present at 出席
the present day=today 今天
at present／at the present time＝now 现在
for the present=for the time being 暂时
the present 现在(相当于名词)
present sb. with sth=present sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人
present?day attitudes/fashion现在的态度/流行款式
联想拓展
present作动词，表示“给予，赠送”之意，常用于present sth.to sb.或present sb.with sth.搭配中，此外，present作动词还有“呈现，显示；阐述，表达；引见”等意思。
①作形容词既可作前置修饰语，也可作表语，常意为“现存的；现在的；在场的；出席的”等。
②作不可数名词时，表示区别于过去或将来的“现在”；作可数名词时，意为“礼物”。
The same problem presented itself to her again.
同样的问题又在她身上出现。
He presented the school with a check for one million dollars.他赠予学校一张一百万美元的支票。
May I present you to my husband
我可以把您介绍给我丈夫吗
We learn from the past, experience the present and hope for success in the future.
我们学习过去，体验现在，希望成就未来。
I got many presents for my birthday.我收到很多生日礼物。
高手过招
单项填空
①There are plenty of jobs in the western part of the country. （2010·01·陕西西安二中检测）
A. Present B. available
C. Precious D. convenient
②All the people at the party were all his supporters. （2010·01·江苏南京检测）
A. Present B. thankful
C. Interested D. Important
解析: ①选B。present在场的；available可用的;可得到的;precious珍贵的;convenient方便的。根据句意,应选B。
②选A。(be) present at意为“出席、在场”，符合句意。
重点短语
6. fall ill
生病
Hearing the bad news, he fell ill. 听到坏消息后，他病了。
联想拓展
fall behind 落后
fall sick 生病
fall asleep 入睡
fall down 掉下；倒塌
fall in love with ... 爱上……
fall off 脱落；减少；从……上掉下
fall into the habit of ... 养成……的习惯
fall over 跌倒；翻倒；落到……上
fall silent 沉默
高手过招
完成句子 （原创）
①不久后他就病倒了，而且一病不起。
He soon after and did not recover.
②形势严峻，不进则退。
Given the pressing situation, we must move forward, or we will .
③这家报纸的发行量开始锐减。
The circulation of the newspaper began to sharply.
答案：①fell ill ②fall behind ③fall off
7. in place
在适当的位置；适当
I like everything to be in place.
我喜欢所有的东西都放在原来的地方。
With everything in place, she started the slide show.
一切就绪，她开始放幻灯片。
联想拓展
be in/out of order 有条理/无条理；坏了
be in/out of control 正常/失控
be in/out of danger 有危险/脱离危险
in place of...＝take the place of... 代替；取代
give place to 被……取代；让位于……
out of place 不在适当的位置；
不合适
高手过招
(1)单项填空
His efforts to raise money for his program were because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets. （2009·湖北）
A. in place B. in sight
C. in effect D. in vain
(2)完成句子 （原创）
①你可以用木柴来取代煤。
You can use wood coal.
②棉花要取代丝绸。
Cotton is silk.
③你的提议很恰当。
Your proposal is quite .
解析:(1) 选D。考查介词短语。根据下文“no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets”可知,为集资做出的努力都白费了，故选in vain(白费力)。in place在适当位置;in sight 在视线内;in effect 实际上。
(2)①in place of ②taking the place of
③in place
8. make a difference
有很大差别；有很大不同；有很大的关系/影响
Whether he could get the support from his parents made a great difference to the plan.
他是否能得到父母的支持对这个计划的影响很大。
Does it any difference whether he?ll attend the meeting
他出不出席会议有什么区别吗？
联想拓展
make a difference between ...and ... 区别对待……
make some difference to对…… 有些关系
make no difference to 对……没有关系
make all the difference 关系重大；大不相同
高手过招
翻译句子 （原创）
①这次旅行对他以后的人生很有影响。
②让警察知道一些证据关系重大。
答案：①The travel made a difference to his later life.
②It makes all the difference to inform the policemen of some evidence.
重点句型
9. Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.
除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则都要把衣服脱掉。如果需要的话，可以使用剪刀。
unless是连词，意为“如果不，除非”。在真实条件句中，unless引导的肯定条件状语从句，可以和if...not...引导的否定状语从句互换。
Unless you change your mind，I won，t be able to help you.
=If you don?t change your mind，I won ’t be able to help you.
除非你改变想法，否则我不能帮助你。
I want you to keep working unless I tell you to stop.
=I want you to keep working if I don’t tell you to stop.
如果我没说让你停，你就得继续干。
注意：unless 不可用于假想的事情，因此当if...not引导非真实条件状语从句时，一般不可改用unless。
高手过招
单项填空
①All the dishes in this menu, otherwise stated, will serve two to three people. （2009·全国Ⅱ）
A. As B. if C. though D. unless
②Don’t promise anything you are one hundred percent sure. （2008·浙江）
A. Whether B. after C. how D. unless
③ you have tried it, you can’t imagine how pleasant it is. (2006·北京)
A.Unless B. Because C. Although D. When
④We don’t keep winning games we keep playing well. (2006·浙江)
A.Because B. unless C. when D. While
解析: ①选D。考查状语从句的引导词。句意为：在这份菜单上的所有菜，除非另外说明，会给两到三个人食用。
②选D。句意为：除非你有完全的把握，否则不要做出承诺。unless除非。
③选A。句中unless意为“如果不”,可以与if...not互换。
④选B。unless意为“除非”,强调条件，符合句意。
10. John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.
约翰正在房里学习，突然听到一声尖叫。
此句型中when作并列连词,相当于and then,意为“正当……时，突然”。
常用结构：
be doing...when... 正在做……突然……
had done...when... 刚做了……突然……
be about to do...when... 刚要做……突然……
be on the point of doing sth. when... 刚要做……突然……
高手过招
单项填空
①She had just finished her homework her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.
（2009·福建）
A. When B. while C. after D. since
②We were swimming in the lake suddenly the storm started.
A. When B. while C. until D. before
③I along the street looking for a place to park when the accident .
A. went; was occurring B. went; occurred
C. was going; occurred D. was going; had occurred
解析: ①选A。由句意可知此处when用作并列连词，意为“这时”。②选A。when作连词，表示“正在这时”。句意为：我们正在湖中游泳，突然暴风雨来了。③选C。主句要用过去进行时,表示当时正在路上走着；when引导的从句多用一般过去时。
