2013—2014学年第一学期八年级英语学科 英语完形填空策略探究

2013—2014学年第一学期八年级英语学科 英语完形填空策略探究
完形填空是老师比较重视，学生很畏惧的题型，甚至于要放弃的题型。本讲将从完形填空解题技巧与策略方面分九个板块来逐一剖析。
一、完形填空的定义。
从中英概念的界定中体会什么是“完形填空”。
（一）Cloze test:
A test in which students have to write the correct words into the spaces that have been left empty in a short piece of writing or a passage.
（二）完形填空的定义
完形填空就是在一篇语意完整的短文中有目的地挖出一些空白，造成信息链的中断，让学生在重新理解短文的基础上，综合运用所学知识和常识，对每个空的备选选项做出尽可能合理的分析、判断，选出正确答案或最佳答案，使重新构建的文章主旨大意鲜明、文意畅达、逻辑严密。
二、英语新课标中对读的能力要求
1.能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解___________。 2.能获取文章的____________。
3.能根据文章的具体信息进行简单的___________。 4.能理解归纳文章的___________，能为文章选定合适的题目。 5.能理解_________________________________。
6.能理解段落中各__________________。 7.能根据上下文理解作者的_________________.
三、英语完形填空对学生能力的要求
中考完形填空已由“语法知识型”命题模式转变成“____________”命题模式。即突出_________，把具体的语言知识融进具体的语言情景中去，考查学生通过_____________________进行把握的能力。
四、完形填空的选材特点
体裁多为_______或__________的文体；其___________。篇幅一般在300-400词左右。所选短文__________，___________；故事情节富于变化，________强；语言___________，寓意深刻；强调___________________________，并注重______学生的____________。
五、完形填空的命题特点
（一）文章的体裁：
中考时间 文章词数 主旨大意 体裁形式
2008 293 个人经历与生活感悟 夹叙夹议
2009 370 个人经历与生活感悟 夹叙夹议
2010 353 个人经历与生活感悟 夹叙夹议
2011 340 个人经历与生活感悟 夹叙夹议
2012 354 校园生活 夹叙夹议
2013 390 校园生活 夹叙夹议
（二）示例：2011中考完形
36. A. heard B. chosen C. invited D. followed
37. A. polite B. loud C. warm D. cheerful
38. A. proudly B. quickly C. nervously D. regretfully
39. A. advice B. chance C. message D. offer
40. A. them B. him C. me D. us
41. A. print B. invent C. create D. send
42. A. for B. from C. with D. without
43. A. carry out B. try out C. work out D. find out
44. A. agreed B. wanted C. expected D. asked
45. A. allowed B. received C. introduced D. required
46. A. pride B. surprise C. patience D. hope
47. A. luck B. spirit C. life D. success
名词 动词 形容词 副词 介词 代词
考点设置以实词为主。
中考完形填空的考点以_____________________为主，___________等为辅。所以作为考生来说词汇是基石，不仅要知道词义，还要知道他们___________的用法，近义词之间的______，___________等情况。
中考完形填空的设空有规律可循。首句一般不设空，给学生提供足够的背景提示。每小题的四个选项一般都属于同一词类，语义范畴相同，所以四个选项往往从语法或句法方面都能成立，干扰性很强。
六、完形填空的考点层次
中考完形填空的考点分为三个层次。
句子层面的考点是指那些________________便可选出答案的题目；（比例较少---容易题）
句群层次的考点是指那些________________才能选出正确答案的题目，即根据上文给出的线索推断后面的空应填什么，根据后面出现的线索，回过去填前面的空。（比例较多---中档题）
语篇层面的考点是指那些__________________________才能确定正确答案的题目。（比例少---难题）
七、完形填空解题技巧
通过______________解题，重点突破代词、名词。原词复现，代词还原，近义词提示，反义词提示等。
2. 通过_______________推理判断解题，重点突破难点。动词的有序性；副词修饰动词、句子；形容词修饰人、物、事；名词的抽象性。
3. 通过____________解题，突破重难点。动词近义词辨析、动词短语辨析、名词辨析。
4. 通过关注___________解题，突破重难点。熟词生义（一词多义）。
5. 通过_______________解题，突破重难点。连词、程度副词。
6. 通过______________________解题，重点突破名动形
八、完形填空解题实例
例1：2012中考： 原词复现：
Several weeks ago, our headmaster, Mr. Gaudi, told us that our school had been chosen to compete on Smart Aleck – a game show which my best friend Carla and I both love. Carla has a good imagination, and I know a lot of history, so we thought we’d be good __35__ for the team.
A few days later, Mr. Gaudi held a meeting with everyone interested in the __36__. He told us that Smart Aleck uses a five member team. He also said that three more people would be needed as backup. （替补）
( )35. A. choices B. pairs C. leaders D. fans
( )36. A. course B. work C. trip D. show
例2： 2011中考： 代词还原：
All that night, I thought about the 39 from Jeff. Maybe being a part of the election process (选举过程) would give 40 a chance to make important changes at our school. I decided to join them.
( )39. A. advice B. chance C. message D. offer
( )40. A. them B. him C. me D. us
例3：2011中考： 近义词提示：
My first goal was to 41 a catchy advertisement. Within a few days, we designed a poster with Jeff’s pictures showing him in a number of activities. No one could walk through any hallway 42 passing Jeff’s smiling face.
( )41. A. print B. invent C. Create D. send
( )42. A. for B. from C. with D. without
例4：2008中考： 反义词提示：
Soon the club manager came over and asked him, “So, Gilbert, your wish was to 11 right ” “Oh, no, sir,” he replied. “I just wished that I wouldn’t cry if I lost.”
( )11. A. change B. break C. leave D. win
例5: 2010中考 动词的有序性：
I put down the yearbook and turned around to get some signatures from some of my friends when I 40 my yearbook was gone. I saw that Ricky had sat down with my yearbook. “What are you doing ” I asked him. He looked up calmly (平静地) and 41 said “Sign!”
My friends broke into a loud laugh, and I saw that he was carefully trying to put a signature in my yearbook. He hadn’t even finished the “R” yet. I thought for a while and 42 to let him sign.
( )40. A. saw B. noticed C. thought D. believed
( )41. A. still B. ever C. even D. just
( )42. A. decided B. meant C. began D. prepared
例6： 2010中考 副词修饰动词或句子：
Gilbert’s mom knew that his dad wasn’t good at making things and decided that she would read the 2 and let Gilbert do the work. A few days later the block of wood was turning into a car that Gilbert 3 named “Blue Lightning”. Then he and his mother went to a car race together.
( )2. A. instruction B. passage C. Message D. Explanations
( )3. A. easily B. carefully C. proudly D. kindly
例7：2009西城一模 形容词修饰人、物、事等：
The boy quietly returned to his seat, leaned back and continued looking out of the window. I was so surprised. What just happened A child kissed an 41 grown-up on the train. How could anybody want to kiss such a man that had so much beard (胡子) Nervous and a little surprised, we smiled at the father.
( )41. A. unsafe B. unimportant C. unfamiliar D. unfriendly
例8: 2011年朝阳一模 名词的抽象性：
On June 11, 2009, my family and friends got together in the area close to where I would land while I headed 42 in an airplane. When we reached 13,000 feet, Jay, my instructor (教练) told me it was time. I followed his 43 to get myself out of the plane.
( )42. A. up B. out C. away D. forward
( )43. A. introduction B. decision C. instruction D. direction
例9:2012石景山二模 动词近义词辨析：
Years later I had become a 42 . I’ll never forget the voice on the phone early one morning telling me dad had just been killed in a traffic accident. I could hear my heart 43 in my ears. I 44 the phone and went back to my bedroom. After that nothing really 45 to me.
( )42. A. teacher B. player C. doctor D. reporter
( )43. A. break B. knock C. beat D. hit
( )44. A. set up B. picked up C. put up D. hung up
( )45. A. happened B. mattered C. came D. belonged
例10：2011中考 动词短语辨析：
My first goal was to 41 a catchy advertisement. Within a few days, we designed a poster with Jeff’s pictures showing him in a number of activities. No one could walk through any hallway 42 passing Jeff’s smiling face.
My next step was to 43 which new activities students would like to have at our school. Many of them wanted a chess club and a volleyball team.
( )41. A. print B. invent C. create D. send
( )42. A. for B. from C. with D. without
( )43. A. carry out B. try out C. work out D. find out
例11：2010中考 名词辨析：
It took him nearly five minutes to sign and when I got my yearbook back, there was a very shaky “RICKY”. He hugged (紧抱) his yearbook and 43 . I couldn’t help but smile back at him.
In that moment, my 44 changed completely.
I gave him a high five and suddenly everyone at my table wanted his signature. He was asked …...
( )43. A. smiled B. waited C. left D. rose
( )44. A. sense B. value C. attitude D. rose
例12: 2009中考 上下文逻辑关系（连词）：
For more than sixty years, Aunt Marion didn’t and still doesn’t think of herself. 10 she is forced to come up to the front, my aunt will stand in the back in family photos, and she doesn’t think that her efforts have made much 11 . I honor my aunt, who taught me the things my 12 couldn’t. so every June for the past 40 years, in growing thankfulness of my Aunt Marion, I’ve sent her a Father’s Day card.
( )10. A. Unless B. Although C. Since D. Before
( )11. A. difference B. progress C. trouble D. sense
( )12. A. teachers B. mother C. father D. friends
例13: 2010中考 上下文逻辑关系（程度副词）：
I put down the yearbook and turned around to get some signatures from some of my friends when I 40 my yearbook was gone. I saw that Ricky had sat down with my yearbook. “What are you doing ” I asked him. He looked up calmly and 41 said “Sign!”
My friends broke into a loud laugh, and I saw that he was carefully trying to put a signature in my yearbook. He hadn’t even finished the “R” yet. I thought for a while and 42 to let him sign.
( )40. A. saw B. noticed C. thought D. believed
( )41. A. still B. ever C. even D. just
( )42. A. decided B. meant C. began D. prepared
例14：2012中考 背景知识、生活常识：
Was I 45 by not trying as hard as I could I don’t think so. No one noticed, and Carla and I didn’t 46 it. It won’t hurt the team because Carla will be a very good competitor on the real show. I think that making my best friend happy was the right thing to do.
( )45. A. coming B. refusing C. helping D. cheating
( )46. A. mean B. plan C. regret D. say
九、完形填空解题策略：
文章首句要重视，全篇理解有启示。
记叙体裁为主体，通读全文明意旨。
填空多是实意词，词类范畴必同一。
确定最佳靠逻辑，字里行间找信息。
个别填空借常识，相近词义细辨析。
习惯用法靠记忆，复读反思再核实。
十、完形填空课堂实例：
09年中考：
My father died when I was a few months old. After his death, my mother moved back to Louisville, Kentucky, where __35__ had grown up. We lived in a small house with her older sister, Marion, and their mother. This was a time when being a single __36___ was still considered unusual.
When I was small, there was a children’s book called The Happy Family, and it was a real piece of work. Dad worked all day log at the office, Mom cooked in the kitchen, and brother and sister always had friends sleeping over. The image of the family in this book was typical (典型的) of the time. It looked __37___ like my family, but luckily that wasn’t the way I heard it. The way my Aunt Marion read it to me made the story really __38__.
Kind-hearted and open-minded, my aunt was the one who played baseball with me, who took me horseback riding, who took me to the father-son dinners and who gave me lessons on how to drive. Believing that anything __39__ was probably good for, she __40__ to get a loan (贷款) so that I could go to Africa to work as a volunteer, which was my most important experience.
As a young girl, Aunt Marion always planned to have a large number of children of her own, but she never got married. This __41__ that she was free to spend all her time taking care of me. Many people say we have a lot in common. She always __42__ me to do my best. She never __43__ to make me believe that I could do anything with my life that I wanted, if I only tried hard enough.
For more than sixty years, Aunt Marion didn’t and still don’t think of herself. __44__ she is forced to come up to the front, my aunt will stand in the back in family photos, and she doesn’t think that her efforts have made much __45___. I honor my aunt, who taught me the things my __46___ couldn’t. so every June for the past 40 years, in growing thankfulness to my Aunt Marion, I’ve sent her a Father’s Day card.
35. A. I B. she C. he D. we
36. A. man B. family C. parent D. child
37. A. nothing B. anything C. everything D. something
38. A. surprising B. boring C. sad D. funny
39. A. interesting B. pleasant C. impossible D. unusual
40. A. decided B. afforded C. offered D. prepared
41. A. said B. meant C. proved D. showed
42. A. allowed B. afforded C. offered D. forced
43. A. hoped B. agreed C. stopped D. tailed
44. A. Unless B. Although C. Since D. Before
45. A. difference B. progress C. trouble D. sense
46. A. Teachers B. mother C. father D. friends
10年中考：
It was yearbook day and we were given an hour to sign each other’s yearbooks in the cafeteria. I was president of the class and I played sports. When I sat down at a table, people started to come over to get their yearbooks signed and to sign __36__.
Among them, a weak boy with ugly teeth and thick glasses kept shaking. I had seen him around, and I knew he was always laughed at. He seemed __37__ of himself, and was so pale that it __38__ us to look at him.
He came up and asked me nervously, “Can you sign this ” I took his yearbook but I didn’t know __39__ to write. I saw that there was the name “Ricky Sanders” written on the front of it. So I wrote:
I put down the yearbook and turned around to get some signatures from some of my friends when I __40__ my yearbook was gone. I saw that Ricky had sat down with my yearbook. “What are you doing ” I asked him. He looked up calmly(平静地) and __41__said “Sign!”
My friends broke into a loud laugh, and I saw that he was carefully trying to put a signature in my yearbook. He hadn’t even finished the “R” yet. I thought for a while and __42__ to let him sign.
It took him nearly five minutes to sign and when I got my yearbook back, there was a very shaky “RICKY”. He hugged(紧抱) his yearbook and __43__. I couldn’t help but smile back at him.
In that moment, my __44__ changed completely.
I gave him a high five and suddenly everyone at my table wanted his signature. He was asked politely to write in their yearbooks and the signature __45__ of his yearbook were filled up. He was smiling so big that it lit up the whole room.
I changed school the next year, and I never saw Ricky again. However, I will never forget the day that he became the most __46__ guy in school. Whenever I’m __47__, I still look back at that yearbook.
36. A. mine B. his C. ours D. theirs
37. A. unafraid B. unsure C. proud D. tired
38. A. worried B. surprised C. taught D. hurt
39. A. how B. which C. where D. what
40. A. saw B. noticed C. thought D. believed
41. A. still B. ever C. even D. just
42. A. decided B. meant C. began D. prepared
43. A. smiled B. waited C. left D. rose
44. A. sense B. value C. attitude D. idea
45. A. lists B. pages C. boxes D. tables
46. A. different B. patient C. popular D. important
47. A. away B. out C. behind D. down
2011年中考：
"I can't believe what I'm hearing!" I thought to myself. Jeff was the last candidate(候选人)for president of Student Council .My best friend Tony come to me and said, "I'm sorry, Mike." I really thought you should be 36 ."
　　Later that day, I happened to pass Jeff in the dining room. I offered him a 37 "congratulations" and walked to my usual table. To my surprise, Jeff put his plate beside mine.
　　"I'm ,er-I'm just wondering if you would…consider coming to work on my team ,"he said 38 ."You are really smart, and you would be a great manager."
　　"I don't think so," I replied, feeling unsure.
　　"Well, if you change your mind, we are meeting tomorrow ," he said before moving to another table.
　　ALL that night ,I thought about the 39 from Jeff. Maybe being a part of the election process(选举过程) would give 40 a chance to make important changes at our school. I decided to join them.
　　My fist goal was to 41 a catchy advertisement. Within a few days, we designed a poster with Jeff's pictures showing him in a number of activities. No one could walk through any hallway 42 passing Jeff's smiling face.
　　My next step was to 43 which new activities students would like to have at our school. Many of them wanted a chess club and a volleyball team.
　　With the information I had collected, Jeff met with the headmaster .The headmaster 44 to add these activities to our school program.
　　With my help, Jeff and our ideas were well 45 at school.
　　An eighth grader said, "It'll be like attending a new school with Jeff as president. "
　　Hearing these words made my heart filled with 46 . I had wanted to become president of Student Council to make a difference, I achieved that and more by working as a member of Jeff's team .He became the most popular candidate and I was a large part of his 47 .The face that it has made a difference in other people's lives is the real prize. What a great feeling!
　　36. A. heard B. chosen C. invited D. followed
　　37. A. polite B. loud C. warm D. cheerful
　　38. A. proudly B. quickly C. nervously D. regretfully
　　39. A. advice B. chance C. message D. offer
　　40. A. them B. him C. me D. us
　　41. A. print B. invent C. create D. send
　　42. A. for B. from C. with D. without
　　43. A. carry out B. try out C. work out D. find out
　　44. A. agreed B. wanted C. expected D. asked
　　45 A. allowed B. received C. introduced D. required
　　46. A. pride B. surprise C. patience D. hope
　　47. A. luck B. spirit C. life D. success
2012年中考：
Several weeks ago, our headmaster, Mr. Gaudi, told us that our school had been chosen to compete on Smart Aleck—a game show which my best friend Carla and I both love. Carla has a good imagination, and I know a lot of history, so we thought we’d be good __35__ for the team.
A few days later, Mr. Gaudi held a meeting with everyone interested in the__36__ . He told us that Smart Aleck uses a five member team. He also said that three more people would be needed as backup（替补）. Unluckily four times that many students were at the meeting. So Mr. Gaudi said we would have a __37__ and the top eight scorers would become the team and the backup. Everybody agreed that this was a __38__ way to decide.
Yesterday, all of the hopefuls went to the dining hall after school. We would have to decide the starting line-up（阵容）.Mr. Gaudi acted as the host. After a couple of hours, all the __39__ on the team were set except one. Carla and I __40__ for that last position. We had to hold a one-on-one competition between the two of us. The winner would be on the team and the loser would be the backup.
Midway through our two-person competition, I was starting to pull ahead.__41__ I saw the look on Carla's face. I waited for a second and knew what I had to do. As much as I wanted to be on Smart Aleck, Carla wanted __42__ even more. So, starting with my next question, I held back and let Carla __43__,just by a little bit. Her expression as she __44__ she would be on the show made up for my not being on the team. And since I will go as backup, I'll still have the fun of seeing the show up close.
Was I __45__ by not trying as hard as I could I don't think so. No one noticed, and Carla and I didn't __46__ it. It won't hurt the team because Carla will be a very good competitor on the real show. I think that making my best friend happy was the right thing to do.
35. A. choices B. pairs C. leaders D. fans
36. A. course B. work C. trip D. show
37. A. direction B. discussion C. competition D. conversation
38. A. special B. hard C. fair D. funny
39. A. places B. rules C. names D. orders
40. A. tied B. clapped C. cried D. returned
41. A. Still B. Never C. Then D. Again
42. A. us B. it C. me D. her
43. A. wait B. turn C. move D. win
44. A. accepted B. realized C. considered D. decided
45. A. coming B. refusing C. helping D. cheating
46. A. mean B. plan C. regret D. say
2013年中考：
My stutter（口吃）had always been much of a problem. I'd had so many specialists for my____35____ over the years. As l walked down the hallway to meet a new one, memories popped in my head of how painful（痛苦的）being a kid who stutters had been. It___36___ hurt.
“Hello! I'm Mrs. Claussen. I hear you're from Texas!"
“Ye-Ye-Ye-Yes m-m-m-m-m-m-m-aam I am…”My heart felt like it was pounding through my chest and my hands were dripping wet. I really blew that ___37___ .
“Well," she said with a ___38____Smile. 161've always liked Texas."
She turned out to be the best speech specialist I've ever had, not like those who
told me to clap my hands while speaking. She was____39____.She spent the first several weeks just talking to me - asking me all kinds of questions about myself, especially my feelings. And she___40___ . She then began to teach me about the speech. Not just about my speech, but about everybody's.
I___41___ in my old school and was a pretty good tenor（男高音）, but I learned that the new school's singing group was all filled up. It was such bad news, for I thought that was the one thing I could really do well - and I could do it
__42__ stuttering. Somehow Mrs. Claussen finally got me in the group. I felt like she really cared about me as a person, not just a speech student.
During the next two years, my speech didn't get much better - except with her. When I was in college, things got worse. I once even wondered if I would ever be able to__43___ ! It was a very depressing time, and I often felt alone. When I was feeling really sorry for myself, I remembered Mrs. Claussen had told me whether I could___44___ my speech was all up to me. She had told me not to fight for perfect speech, just better speech. She was right about that. I finally improved my speech greatly.
Many years have passed, but I think of her from time to time, wondering if she had as much___45___ 0n her other students as she had on me. I like to think that she did. Her name was Mrs. Claussen... and she___46__ . I'II never forget her.
35. A. speech B. study C. dream D. fear
36. A. maybe B. even C. still D. never
37. A. instruction B. description C. introduction D. presentation
38. A. shy B. cold C. weak D. kind
39. A. silent B. simple C. direct D. different
40. A. cried B. listened C. waited D. stopped
41. A. sang B. spoke C. played D. clapped
42. A. against B. besides C. beyond D. without
43. A. practise B. communicate C. report D. reply
44. A. train B. share C. change D. follow
45. A. advice B. influence C. dependence D. action
46. A. continued B. taught C. agreed D. cared