牛津译林版（2019）必修三 unit3 The world online 单元基础小练习(含答案)

高中英语牛津译林版必修三 unit3 单元基础小练习
一、词汇变形
1．obviously adv.显然，明显地→_________adj.明显的
2．access n．机会，权利；入径，通道 vt.到达，进入，使用→________ adj.可使用的；可接近的；可到达的
3．majority n．大部分，大多数；多数票→________ adj.主要的；重要的 n．主修课程；专业课 v．主修
4．commerce n．商务，商业，贸易→________ adj.商业的，贸易的→________adv.商业上，贸易上
5．deliver vt.递送，传送；发表，宣布；交出→________n．递送；交付；分娩
6．arrangement n．安排；布置；约定；排列→________ v．安排，筹备；布置
7．establish vt.建立(关系或联系)；设立；确立；使得到认可；查实，确定→________n．建立，设立
8．instant adj.立即的，立刻的；方便的 n．瞬间，片刻；某一时刻→________ adv.立即 conj.一……就……
9．aware adj.知道，意识到；察觉到，发觉；有……意识的→________ n．意识，认识
10．technical adj.技术的，技能的；专门技术的；专业的→________ adv.技术上地→________n．技术，工艺，技巧
11．entertainment n．娱乐活动；招待，娱乐→________ v．使快乐；招待，款待→________adj.令人愉快的
12．addict n．对……入迷的人；瘾君子→________adj.上瘾的→________ adj.使人成瘾的→________ n．成瘾；着迷，嗜好
13．journal n．日记；报纸，杂志→________ n．记者；新闻工作者
14．appreciate vt.欣赏，赏识；感谢→________ n．欣赏；感激；理解
二、重点短语
1．________________突然大受欢迎，迅速流行
2．________________在一定程度上
3．________________掌握(信息)，熟悉、精通(知识等)，了如指掌
4．________________使显示在计算机屏幕上，调出；提出
5．________________最重要的是，尤其是
6．________________属于，归……所有
7．________________创建，建立
8．________________全神贯注看着某物，离某物很近
9．________________飞驰而过
10．________________撞倒某人，使某人双脚离地
11．________________全神贯注，沉浸于
12．________________减少，削减
13．________________引起，导致
14．________________与……取得联系
三、阅读理解
A
A slow death is creeping through Earth’s forests. As animals are killed by hunters or forced away by logging, the plants that depend on them to carry their seeds begin to disappear. Over time, trees and other plants may vanish. Climate change is accelerating this process, a new study suggests—and it may eventually harm biodiversity.
Many plants need help to move about the world. About half of all species rely on birds and mammals to eat or carry their fruits and nuts to new places. When these partners disappear, forests and plant communities can struggle to regenerate.
Climate change is making things worse. As temperatures warm and rainfall decreases, plant populations will have to extend their ranges by as much as tens of kilometers per year.
Ecologist Evan Fricke, wanted to know how well plants all across the planet might be able to move to new habitats. He and his colleagues gathered existing data from thousands of studies that looked at how birds and mammals spread seeds, including how far they travel and what percentage of the seeds actually get to grow. They focused on seeds that are dispersed more than 1 kilometer, a distance that is great enough to expand populations and help them recover from disturbances.
The average ability of plants to keep pace with climate change has already declined by 60%, the research found. “That should certainly be ringing alarm bells,” says Fricke, “We’re ‘forcing’ plants to move these great distances, but we’ve also significantly slowed their ability to do so.”
The loss of the ability is greater in temperate (温带) regions according to the research. That’s because these areas have lost many populations and species of large fruit-eating mammals, which can move seeds longer distances. Also, the challenge for plants is greater there, because when climate conditions change in relatively flat landscapes, species must move farther north to keep cool. In contrast, an alpine plant (高山植物) only has to move uphill to get to a cooler climate.
The situation could get worse. In another analysis, the researchers predicted what might happen if currently threatened and endangered seed-dispersing birds and mammals go extinct. This would reduce a plant’s ability to keep up with climate change by another 15%.
However, some of the damage can be repaired by connecting isolated habitats. That will better allow species to move in response to climate change. Reintroducing large animals to their former ranges could also help, because they can move seeds long distances.
“This is a very loud wake up call for urgent conservation efforts” of fruit-eating and seed-dispersing animals, says ecologist Rodolfo Dirzo. “What’s important,”he says, “is not just preventing extinction, but keeping populations big enough to help many plants reproduce.”
1. Which of the following is a threat to Earth’s forests
A. Warming climate.
B. Loss of biodiversity.
C. Migration of animals.
D. Disappearance of seeds.
2. What does the underlined word “dispersed” in Paragraph 4 mean
A. reaped B. spread C. planted D. sowed
3. The reason for some plants becoming less able to adapt to climate change is that ____.
A. they lack proper means of spreading the seeds
B. the average temperatures have dropped by 60%
C. plants in temperate areas are logged to extinction
D. it’s difficult for plants to move in rugged landscapes
4. According to Dirzo, what should be prioritized to repair the damage done to the plants
A. Moving seeds over long distances systematically.
B. Introducing foreign fruit-eating animals into the habitat.
C. Save the threatened and endangered species from dying out.
D Taking actions to keep the population of seed-dispersing animals.
B
What do Ikea founder Ingvar Kamprad, Sir Richard Branson, Billionaire investor Charles Schwab, Walt Disney, and Henry Ford have in common All are or were successful entrepreneurs with dyslexia — a learning disorder that makes it very difficult to read, write, and spell. People with dyslexia have trouble connecting the letters they see to the sounds they make and as a result, often struggle in school.
But in the real world, they make great achievements. They’re behind some of the most successful companies on Earth.
Richard Branson is one of the greatest entrepreneurs of our time. He created numerous businesses under the Virgin umbrella and has a net worth of $5 billion. Branson once admitted that Virgin which now employs 90,000 people would not have been successful had he not been dyslexic. Branson had a hard time keeping up with his peers because of his dyslexia and dropped out at the age of 16. Yet he transformed his weakness into an advantage. He understood the importance of communicating well. And his dyslexia also forced him to delegate tasks to those who excelled in the areas where he was weak.
Research has found people with dyslexia are more likely to delegate authority and also twice as likely to own two or more businesses. A study out of Cass Business School in London found more than a third of American entrepreneurs surveyed showed signs of dyslexia. Another commissioned by the BBC found 40% of that country’s self-made millionaires showed some signs of the learning disability. That’s significantly higher than the estimated 5% to 10% of the general population with some degree of dyslexia.
The question is: Are their entrepreneurial strengths a result of nature or nurture A dyslexia expert believes they are naturally better at certain things, like picking up social cues. In an article in The Sacramento Bee about California governor Gavin Newsom who has dyslexia, Dr. Marilu Gorno-Tempini of UC San Francisco said, “He can understand what people need and their emotions more than others. I don’t think that’s a compensation. I think that’s the superpower of his dyslexic brain.” She and other scientists at UC San Francisco recently discovered children with the disorder had greater changes in heart rate and facial behavior when they viewed video clips of others experiencing emotions compared to children without dyslexia.
Eleanor Palser, one of the researchers who conducted the study, concluded to Newsthink, “This tells us that dyslexia might be associated with biological differences in empathy(移情)...”
1. Why are some famous people mentioned in Paragraph 1
A. To demonstrate their problems.
B. To advertise their products.
C To show their achievements.
D. To introduce the topic.
2. Which of the following is TRUE about Richard Branson in Paragraph 3
A. He never gave up studying during adolescence.
B. Dyslexia prevented him from being more successful.
C. He worked hard to improve his communication skills.
D. Dyslexia drove him to appoint people to suitable posts.
3. Which of the following does Dr. Marilu Gorno-Tempini probably agree with
A. Dyslexia might be associated with biological differences in empathy.
B. Gavin’s ability to understand others’ emotions compensates for his disability.
C. Children with dyslexia underwent more physical changes when watching videos.
D. Those who have dyslexia develop their ability to read others’ emotions by nurture.
4. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. How People With Dyslexia Succeed in life.
B. How Successful Entrepreneurs Overcome Dyslexia.
C. Why People With Dyslexia Are Extremely Empathetic.
D. Why So Many Successful Entrepreneurs Have Dyslexia.
四：写作：
假设你是晨光中学高三学生李津。你校于6月8日举办了成人礼活动，你的英国朋友Chris很想了解该活动。你于当晚给Chris回一封电子邮件，介绍关情况，内容包括:
(1)成人礼活动内容(成长点滴回顾、观看校友抗疫事边录像)；
(2)对活动的感受；
(3)对自己未来的展望。
注意:
(1)词数不少于100；
(2)可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行方连贯；
(3)开头已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇:
成人礼 the coming-of age ceremony
新冠脑炎 COVID-F9
Dear Chris,
I’m so glad to hear from you.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Jin
答案：
一、词形变换
1．obviously adv.显然，明显地→obvious adj.明显的
2．access n．机会，权利；入径，通道 vt.到达，进入，使用→accessible adj.可使用的；可接近的；可到达的
3．majority n．大部分，大多数；多数票→major adj.主要的；重要的 n．主修课程；专业课 v．主修
4．commerce n．商务，商业，贸易→commercial adj.商业的，贸易的→commercially adv.商业上，贸易上
5．deliver vt.递送，传送；发表，宣布；交出→delivery n．递送；交付；分娩
6．arrangement n．安排；布置；约定；排列→arrange v．安排，筹备；布置
7．establish vt.建立(关系或联系)；设立；确立；使得到认可；查实，确定→establishment n．建立，设立
8．instant adj.立即的，立刻的；方便的 n．瞬间，片刻；某一时刻→instantly adv.立即 conj.一……就……
9．aware adj.知道，意识到；察觉到，发觉；有……意识的→awareness n．意识，认识
10．technical adj.技术的，技能的；专门技术的；专业的→technically adv.技术上地→technique n．技术，工艺，技巧
11．entertainment n．娱乐活动；招待，娱乐→entertain v．使快乐；招待，款待→entertaining adj.令人愉快的
12．addict n．对……入迷的人；瘾君子→addicted adj.上瘾的→addictive adj.使人成瘾的→addiction n．成瘾；着迷，嗜好
13．journal n．日记；报纸，杂志→journalist n．记者；新闻工作者
14．appreciate vt.欣赏，赏识；感谢→appreciation n．欣赏；感激；理解
二、重点短语
1．take off突然大受欢迎，迅速流行
2．to a certain extent在一定程度上
3．at one’s fingertips掌握(信息)，熟悉、精通(知识等)，了如指掌
4．bring up使显示在计算机屏幕上，调出；提出
5．above all else最重要的是，尤其是
6．belong to属于，归……所有
7．set up创建，建立
8．be glued to sth.全神贯注看着某物，离某物很近
9．shoot past飞驰而过
10．knock sb.off one’s feet撞倒某人，使某人双脚离地
11．be lost in全神贯注，沉浸于
12．cut back on减少，削减
13．bring about引起，导致
14．get in touch with与……取得联系
阅读
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. A 4. D
【答案】1. D 2. D 3 .A 4. D
写作
Dear Chris,
I am so glad to hear from you. The coming-of-age ceremony was held in our school on June 8th this month. During the coming-of-age ceremony, the headmaster congratulated us on stepping into the adult, reviewing the growth period that we had experienced. After that, we all watched the video of alumnus fighting against the epidemic.
Through the activity, what I felt is that I am able to shoulder the responsibility and make us stronger and more determined. When faced with the difficulties and failures, I must overcome them. In the future, I will be a good doctor to heal the wounded and rescue the dying, devoting myself to my work.
Best wishes！
Yours,
Li Jin