2023届高考英语长难句特训课件(22张ppt)

(共44张PPT)
2022高考英语长难句特训
长难句之朝花夕拾篇
明晰句子结构，把握句子的基本框架。
A.判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句；
B.找出句子的主干成分(主语和谓语)，分清句子附属成分，理解句子大意。
C.层层分析，层层剥离
结构分析法
基本句子类型
( 1 ) We took pity on the people in the disaster-hit area in Yushu and many students raised money for them.
( 2 ) Having suffered a number of health problems, former Olympic President Samaranch died on April 21 in Barcelona.
( 3 ) The Internet is an exciting tool that not only puts vast information at your fingertips but expands options.
a simple sentence
a compound(复合） sentence
a coordinate (并列）sentence
m
. 带有较多成分的简单句
------去枝叶，留主干。
　 句子较长，一个从句套着另一个从句，环环相扣。不管句子有多长有多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即主干和修饰成分。主干是整个句子的骨架，主要指主谓宾结构或主系表结构。而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语，更常见的则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。　　
我们应通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成分划出来，找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。
Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, to help reduce unemployment pressures .
基本句子类型
【例1】What Winter knows of the 19 year old who saved his life is only that he died in a car accident and that his family was willing to honor his wishes and donate his organs for transplantation (移植)．
【分析】　此句的主语为“What Winter knows of the 19 year old who saved his life”，是一个主语从句，其中主语从句里面又包含了一个由who引导的定语从句；is为主干
【名师指津】　分析长难句时务必注意这些非限制性修饰成分，它们打断了原来的行文逻辑，插入补充了一些额外的信息。
【例2】Pasteur discovered that heating the wine gently for a few minutes after it had fermented (发酵) would kill off the yeast (酵母菌) that was left in the wine, with the result that the wine would remain fresh for much longer.
【例3】The idea of returning to the basics in the classroom — a notion (概念，观点) which, incidentally (顺便说一下), has been quietly supported for years by many respected teachers — is finally gaining some currency (流行) with school administrators (管理者)．
【分析】两个破折号中间的内容是对前面的补充说明。
If you ask people to name one person who had the greatest effect on the English language, you will get answers like “Shakespeare”, “Samuel Johnson”, and “Webster”, but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didn’t even speak English—William, the Conqueror.
先读懂并列句，
再看主从复合句
并列和主从复合句并存的处理方法
这种句子的特点是在正常的句子中插入一些或长或短的
成分或句子，比如同位语（从句）、非限制性定语从句、状语从句、分词、插入语等等，打断读者的思路，割裂前后之间的语义，造成理解上的困难。我们称之为“打岔”。有时有逗号或破折号分开，
忽略插入成分,
直奔句子主题.
Science has become so important in the modern world, with its procedures so highly standardized and so widely accepted, that it is included among modern social institutions.
含有插入语的句子
Science moves forward , they say ,not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.
倒装句
Before 1066, in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups.
确定主语,
调整语序,
把握大意.
Only after studies provided evidence of the harmful effects of this program has it been possible to modify TV programming policies.
The professor marched into the lecture hall, placed upon his desk a large jar (罐子) filled with dried beans (豆), and invited the students to guess how many beans the jar contained.
【分析】此句正常语序为： ...placed a large jar filled with dried beans upon his desk ...
The magazine is male-targeting because young guys generally won’t pick up a magazine that appears to be directed at females, whereas girls usually will.
把握大意,
找出上文对应信息,
补充省略成分
成分省略
I can't accept this fact because I know that if I wasn't able to avoid a mistake, chances were that no other surgeon could have either.

在英语句子中，用词简洁是一条重要的修辞原则。省略主要是为了避免重复，突出关键词并使上下文紧密连接。成分省略一般和从句相结合，一正一反，使句子富于变化，增强表现力。例如在以than, as引导的比较状语从句中，一些成分往往被省略，而这会给理解带来一定的影响，而且这类句子出现频率较高，考生需要熟记。
把握大意,
找出上文对应信息,
补充省略成分
成分省略
The war finally came to an end ,but not before hundreds of thousands of people had died.
I look forward to seeing these views taken further, and to their being challenged by the other participants.
【分析】and后省略了重复成分look forward，读题时应将被省去的部分补全理解。
【简析】 ①是状语从句，
②是主句，
③是with引导的介词短语作状语，修饰谓语。
这样，把整个句子划为3个意群，可以大大提高阅读速度。
①When two cars travelling at 30 mh hit each other，②an unbelted driver would meet the windshield ③with a force equal to diving headfirst into the ground from a height of 10 meters.
意群阅读
先跳读修饰成分或附加成分，找出句子的主干并理解其意义；
然后再分层理解修饰成分或附加成分。
如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的主从复合句，可这样处理：
先分清主句与从句，然后弄清从句的性质，即弄清它是什么从句。是名词性从句，还是状语从句，或是定语从句。
另外，有一点要提醒同学们，在处理长难句时，如果既能正确理解句意，又能将其准确地译成中文，那是最好了。
但是，对于有些长难句，要在较短时间内（如在参加考试时）将其译成中文比较困难，此时只要能正确理解其意思就行了，
剥丝抽茧法
第一脱： 删插入语
1、 双破折号： 删中间
2、 单破折号： 删到结尾
3、 双逗号： 删介词短语、 名词短语、 连词从句 (that、which、 who)
练习
1. Jack, whether at school or on his own, works out everyday.
2. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness,
symbolized femininity
3. People feared that weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory
would encourage illegal hunting and hurt elephant populations.
分析长难句
第一脱： 删插入语
1、 双破折号： 删中间
2、 单破折号： 删到结尾
3、 双逗号： 删介词短语、 名词短语、 连词从句 (that、which、 who)
练习
1. Jack, whether at school or on his own, works out everyday.
2. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness,
symbolized femininity
3. People feared that weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory
would encourage illegal hunting and hurt elephant populations.
分析长难句
第一删： 删插入语
1、 双破折号： 删中间
2、 单破折号： 删到结尾
3、 双逗号： 删介词短语、 名词短语、 连词从句 (that、which、 who)
练习
1: Jack, whether at school or on his own, works out everyday.
2: Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolized femininity
分析长难句
第一删： 删插入语
1、 双破折号： 删中间
2、 单破折号： 删到结尾
3、 双逗号： 删介词短语、 名词短语、 连词从句 (that、which、 who)
练习
1: Jack, whether at school or on his own, works out everyday.
2: Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolized femininity
分析长难句
第二删： 删介词短语
常见介词：
of、 at、 on、 in、 to、 into、 by、 with、 for、
before、 after、 as、 like、 since、 within、 without、 during、
about、 around、 across、 along、 against、 through、 above、
below、 under、 among、 between、 behind、 over、 beyond
练习：
The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hireAlan Gilbert as its next
music director has been the talk Qf the classical-music world ever since
the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009
分析长难句
第二删： 删介词短语
常见介词：
of、 at、 on、 in、 to、 into、 by、 with、 for、
before、 after、 as、 like、 since、 within、 without、 during、
about、 around、 across、 along、 against、 through、 above、
below、 under、 among、 between、 behind、 over、 beyond
练习：
The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hireAlan Gilbert as its next
music director has been the talk Qf the classical-music world ever since
the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009
分析长难句
第三删： 删从句
1、 连接词（ 或介词 +which)为头， 从句内第 2 个动词前为尾， 掐头去尾。
2、 特殊情况后续课程分析。
练习： Everything that has a begin has an end.
第三删： 删从句
1、 连接词（ 或介词 +which)为头， 从句内第 2 个动词前为尾， 掐头去尾。
2、 特殊情况后续课程分析。
练习： Everything that has a begin has an end.
三删法组合练习
练习
1: The conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong.
2: Researchers in the US say that children who get more exercise, whether at school or on their own, have higher scores on tests.
分析长难句
三删法组合练习
练习
1: The conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong.
2: Researchers in the US say that children who get more exercise, whether at school or on their own, have higher scores on tests.
分析长难句
The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is
unconventional.
2. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit
with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post.
3. Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, described him as a man who is
capable of turning the Philharmonic into a markedly different and more
vibrant organization.
4. The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its
next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever
since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009.
初级长难句
The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is
unconventional.
2. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit
with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post.
3. Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, described him as a man who is
capable of turning the Philharmonic into a markedly different and more
vibrant organization.
4. The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its
next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever
since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009.
初级长难句
5. This breaks the major rule in the American belief system-that anyone
can do anything.
6. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies
can aim “behavioural”ads at those most likely to buy.
7. The Nobels were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual
who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money.
8. Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for
live performance are missing the point.
初级长难句
5. This breaks the major rule in the American belief system-that anyone
can do anything.
6. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies
can aim “behavioural”ads at those most likely to buy.
7. The Nobels were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual
who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money.
8. Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for
live performance are missing the point.
初级长难句
9. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder
pressure, executives Who don’t get the nod wish to move on.
10. The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what
you paid for
初级长难句
9. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder
pressure, executives Who don’t get the nod wish to move on.
10. The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what
you paid for
初级长难句
The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one.
2. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to
so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics,
cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius.
3. The Heart of the Matter, the just-released report by the American
Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the
importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and
security of liberal democracy in America.
中级长难句
The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one.
2. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to
so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics,
cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius.
3. The Heart of the Matter, the just-released report by the American
Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the
importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and
security of liberal democracy in America.
中级长难句
4. A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower
in 2007 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage,
raised serious questions about both Yankee’s safety and Entergy’s
management.
5. It may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the
more immediate future.
6. Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates
excellence.
7. He tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the
signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-
measure they must use to determine their individual worth.
中级长难句
4. A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower
in 2007 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage,
raised serious questions about both Yankee’s safety and Entergy’s
management.
5. It may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the
more immediate future.
6. Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates
excellence.
7. He tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the
signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-
measure they must use to determine their individual worth.
中级长难句
8. Only if the jobless arrive at the job centre with a CV, register for the
online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for
benefit.
9. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way
was there time for other things.
10. Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats
select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions.
中级长难句
8. Only if the jobless arrive at the job centre with a CV, register for the
online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for
benefit.
9. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way
was there time for other things.
10. Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats
select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions.
中级长难句
In the 10 years ending in 2009, U. S. factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years.
2. We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as
a time of prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the
millions, going off to college on the G. I. Bill and lining up at the
marriage bureaus.
3. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the
United States came those who had no intention to stay and those who
would make some money and then go home.
高级长难句
In the 10 years ending in 2009, U. S. factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years.
2. We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as
a time of prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the
millions, going off to college on the G. I. Bill and lining up at the
marriage bureaus.
3. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the
United States came those who had no intention to stay and those who
would make some money and then go home.
高级长难句
4. 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving
and 85% at getting on well with others—all obviously statistical
impossibilities.
5. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda, Nissan, and
Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese
counterpart—a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the
job.
6. Opponents of change insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm
isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve
clients ethically
高级长难句
4. 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving
and 85% at getting on well with others—all obviously statistical
impossibilities.
5. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda, Nissan, and
Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese
counterpart—a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the
job.
6. Opponents of change insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm
isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve
clients ethically
高级长难句
7. The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but
much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspapers
are least distinctive.
8. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater
descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores
and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her
garment.
9. When there is rapid improvement in the price and performance of
technology, jobs that were once thought to be immune from
automation suddenly become threatened.
高级长难句
7. The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but
much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspapers
are least distinctive.
8. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater
descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores
and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her
garment.
9. When there is rapid improvement in the price and performance of
technology, jobs that were once thought to be immune from
automation suddenly become threatened.
高级长难句
高级长难句
10. The phrase “less is more” was actually first popularized by a German,
the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people
associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the
United States before World War II and took up posts at American
architecture schools.
高级长难句
高级长难句
10. The phrase “less is more” was actually first popularized by a German,
the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people
associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the
United States before World War II and took up posts at American
architecture schools.
高级长难句