牛津译林版（2019）选择性必修第二册Unit 4 Exploring poetry Section A Welcome to the unit & Reading（学案）

Section A Welcome to the unit & Reading
学习目标
1、学会本节单词、短语。
2、掌握本节句型表达与运用。
知识运用
1. massive
词性：_________ 意思：__________
a mass of/masses of 许多
the mass of 大多数
n. the masses群众
mass campaign群众运动
练习：Club members can get a ____________ (mass) discount of 50.
2. threaten
词性：_________ 意思：________
threaten sb with sth 用某事物威胁某人
threaten to do sth 威胁要做某事
threat n.威胁；凶兆；构成威胁的人或事物
be a threat to sb/sth 对某人/某物来说是一种威胁
under threat of... 面临……的威胁
threatening adj.威胁的；恐吓的
练习：He threatened the boss ___________ resignation(辞职).
3. urge
词性：_________ 意思：________
词性：_________ 意思：________
urge sb to do sth 催促/力劝某人做某事
urge + that从句（从句谓语用should do，should可以省略）竭力主张……
urge sb on为某人加油；激励某人
have an urge to do sth 有做某事的冲动烈欲望
urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的
be in urgent need of… 急需……
urgency n.紧急；紧迫
练习：He had an urge _________ (open) a shop of his own.
4. warning
词性：_________ 意思：________
warn vi.& vt.警告；告诫；使警惕
warn sb of/about/against sth警告某人某事；让某人提防某事
warn sb to do sth 提醒/告诫某人去做某事
warn sb not to do sth (=warn sb against doing sth) 警告/告诫某人不要做某事
warn sb that... 提醒某人……；告诫某人……
练习：I did warn him not _________ (skate) on such thin ice.
5. demand
词性：_________ 意思：________
词性：_________ 意思：________
demand to do sth要求做某事
demand that… 要求……（从句谓语用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略）
a demand for... 对……的需求
satisfy/meet one's demands满足某人的需求
in demand 需求大；受欢迎
练习：The workers demanded that their salaries ____________ (raise).
阅读探究
回答下列问题。
1. How can a deep-learning machine improve its own performance
2. What events were considered as major breakthroughs in AI
3. What are ordinary people using AI to do
4. What are we getting closer to according to the author
句型梳理
1. How cool that would be!
那该多酷啊！
语法：what和how引导的感叹句
what和how引导感叹句的结构是（主语和谓语可省）：
What+a/an（+adj.）+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！
What+adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语！
How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语！
How+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！
How+主语+谓语！（此句式中主语和谓语不可省）
What an interesting story it is! 多么有趣的故事呀！
What beautiful flowers! 多么美丽的花呀！
What heavy snow it is! 多么大的雪呀！
How heavily it is raining! 雨下得真大呀！
How rude a person! 多粗鲁的人啊！
2. Moreover, there is growing concern that we might fall victim to this technology, as there are cases in which hackers have broken into facial recognition systems by using people's social media photos to build models
而且，已有黑客利用人们发在社交媒体上的照片来制作他们的脸部模型并侵入脸部识别系统的案例发生，这让人们越来越担心自己会成为这一技术的受害者。
语法：“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句
从语法角度来看，由于介词后面的成分是宾语，因此在其后使用的关系词也要有充当宾语的功能，先行词指人时关系词用whom，先行词指物时关系词用which。“介词+关系代词”结构用来引导从句，不能单独成为一个完整的句子。
从介词使用的角度来看，“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句在选用介词时需要符合下列三种情况的其中一种：
①与从句中的形容词或动词进行搭配：
In spring, the bear will leave the cave in which it has lived, hunting for food.
春天，熊会离开它一直居住的洞穴，前去觅食。
②与先行词能够搭配成合适的短语：
After the customers leave the hotel, the waiter will immediately tidy the room in which they have slept.
顾客离开酒店后，服务员会立即收拾他们就寝的房间。
③根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。
He is wearing thick glasses, without which he will walk like a blind man.
他戴着厚厚的眼镜，不戴的话走起路来就像盲人一样。
注意：
①不是所有的“介词+关系代词”结构都可以替换成关系副词，比如where，when等。有时使用“介词+关系代词”要比单独使用关系副词在表意上更具体，这时不可替换，如：
He came to the square on which a huge monument stood.
他来到了广场，那里矗立着一座纪念碑。（on which可以换成where，表意相近）
He climbed up to the top of the mountain, beyond which came a beautiful rainbow.
他爬上了山顶，远处出现了一道彩虹。（beyond which不能换成where，因为where本身不能体现beyond的含义）
②有时“介词+关系代词”中关系代词需要用whose，这种情况用于表示先行词和whose所修饰名词之间存在从属关系，例如：
I was grateful to that guy, with whose help I was inspired.
我对那个人心存感激，他对我的帮助让我备受鼓励。
答案
知识运用
1. massive 2. with 3. to open 4. to skate 5. be raised
阅读探究
1. Deep-learning AI has the capacity to analyse massive amounts of data through multiple layers, imitating the complex networks of the human brain.
2. A major breakthrough in AI came in 1997, when Deep Blue beat the world chess champion Garry Kasparov.
3. Ordinary people are now using AI to get instant translations of text in foreign languages, and computers can recognize fingerprints and even faces.
4. With machines like AlphaGo now capable of thinking and learning from their mistakes, we are getting closer to the dividing line between humans and machines.
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