高考英语语法之定语从句课件（50张PPT）

(共50张PPT)
(The Attributive Clause)
之
语法复习
定语从句
CONTENTS
定语从句概念
1
定语从句考点
2
定语从句辨析
3
定语从句应用
4
目
录
目 录
延迟符
定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。
his desk Tom’s father
a beautiful city three teachers
women teachers in the room above
a developing country
a developed country
There is nothing to do today.
an article about how to learn English
a city which is beautiful
物主代词
形容词
名词
现在分词
过去分词
不定式
介词短语
从句
名词所有格
数词
副词
e.g
I like the shoes my mom bought for me.
主语
谓语
宾语
定语从句
定语是一句话，修饰宾语the shoes，所以这句话是定语从句。
1
定语从句概念
什么是定语从句：
什么是先行词：
被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词（在非限制性定语从句中也可指整个主句 ）。
在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句。
定语从句种类：
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
分
类
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
删掉整句话句意不明确。
Do you know the girl who just passed by？
你认识刚刚经过的那个女孩子吗？
前有逗号，删掉后不影响整句话句意。
His mother, who is a teacher, is watching TV.
他的妈妈，一名老师，现在在看电视。
基本结构
先行词+ 关系词+定语从句
先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词。
关系词： 引导定语从句的词。
She is a good actor who/that works very hard.
她是一个工作非常努力的好演员。
先行词
关系词
定语从句
关系词
关系
代词
关系
副词
that/who/whom
that/which
whose
when
where
why
人（主/宾）
物（主/宾）
人/物：……的（定）
= 介词+which
常用关系词：
(状语)
连接作用，连接主从句；
指代先行词，甚至整个主句；
在从句中充当句子成分。
关系词的作用：
Zhong Nanshan is a famous expert who is working against the novel coronavirus at the front line.
主语
如何改写成定语从句？
总结：
　　 ①找出两个简单句的共有成分；
　　 ②将从句中的共有成分去掉；
　　 ③用关系词引导剩下的从句
I love the girl. The girl has long hair.
I love the girl who has long hair.
从句要紧接在被修饰词（先行词）之后
e.g
原句：我认识那个在车里哭的人。
句1：我认识那个人 → I know the man.
句2：那个人在车里哭 → The man is crying in the car.
① 句1+句2：
I know the man the man is crying in the car.
② 合并同类项：
I know the man is crying in the car.
③ 添加引导词：
I know the man who/that is crying in the car.
主句
从句
√
先行词
关系词
定语从句
牛刀小试之翻译练习
原句： ① 她是一个老师。 ② 她喜欢穿裙子。
1. ① 作主句
She is a teacher who likes wearing dress.
2. ② 作主句
She who is a teacher likes wearing dress.
牛刀小试之翻译练习
原句： ① 这个人来自于美国。② 他坐我旁边。
1. ① 作主句
The man who sits next to me is from the USA.
2. ② 作主句
The man who is from the USA sits next to me.
牛刀小试之翻译练习
原句： ① 我认识那个女孩。
② 那个女孩穿的白衣服。
1. ① 作主句
I know the girl who is in white.
2. ② 作主句
The girl who/whom I know is in while.
牛刀小试之翻译练习
原句： ① 他不喜欢看这本书。
② 这本书没有图片。
1. ① 作主句
He doesn’t like to read the book that/which has no images.
2. ② 作主句
The book that/which he doesn’t like to read has no images.
牛刀小试之翻译练习
原句： ① 这个女孩正在演讲。
② 这个女孩赢了比赛。
1. ① 作主句
The girl who/that won the competition is giving a speech.
2. ② 作主句
The girl who/that is giving a speech won the competition.
牛刀小试之翻译练习
原句： ① The bridge has been rebuilt now.
② It was built in 1959.
1. ① 作主句
The bridge that/which was built in 1959 has been rebuilt now.
2. ② 作主句
The bridge that/which has been rebuilt now was built in 1959.
牛刀小试之翻译练习
原句： ① she is going to the town.
② I do not know the town.
1. ① 作主句
she is going to the town that/which I do not know.
2. ② 作主句
I do not know the town that/which she is going to.
牛刀小试之翻译练习
原句： ① the train started at 4:50p.m.
② I missed it.
1. ① 作主句
The train that/which I missed started at 4:50p.m.
2. ② 作主句
I missed the train that/which started at 4:50p.m.
牛刀小试之翻译练习
原句： ① the medicine was quite helpful.
② Dr.Li gave him the medicine.
1. ① 作主句
The medicine that/which Dr.Li gave him was quite helpful.
2. ② 作主句
Dr.Li gave him the medicine that/which was quite helpful.
牛刀小试之翻译练习
原句： ① the nurse is very kind.
② she looks after my little brother.
1. ① 作主句
The nurse who looks after my little brother is very kind.
2. ② 作主句
The nurse who/that is very kind looks after my little brother.
牛刀小试之翻译练习
原句： ① the plane was late.
② it was going to Tibet .
1. ① 作主句
The plane that/which was going to Tibet was late.
2. ② 作主句
The plane that/which was late was going to Tibet.
练一练
1. Yesterday, she sold out her car, she bought a month ago.
A. whom B. where C. that D. which
2. This is one of the best novels were published last year.
A. which B. that C. when D. /
3. Do you know the man is sitting there.
A. what B. which C. who D. that
4. The reason he refused our invitation was he had to look after his mom.
A. which B. that C. what D. why
5. The prize will belong to the writer story shows the most imagination.
A. that B.which C. whose D. what
练一练
6. He said something made me angry.
A. whom B. where C. that D. which
7. He said something, made me angry.
A. which B. that C. when D. /
8. You have to decide the people and the place are so important.
A. what B. which C. who D. that
9. In 2008,we moved to Austalia, my grandparents are living.
A. who B. that C. what D. where
10. Smoking, is bad for our health, becmes so popular.
A. that B.which C. whose D. what
2
定语从句考点
关系代词 that 、which、 whose的用法比较；
关系代词和关系副词的用法比较；
介词加关系代词引导的定语从句。
①当先行词是不定代词（如， all, a lot, (a) little, (a) few, much, none, anything, something, everything, nothing 等）时；
Some elderly women donated all that they had to Wuhan.
②当先行词被不定代词（如，all, any, no, much, little, few, every 等）所修饰时；
There is no other country that has the power to lock down such a large city as Wuhan.
③当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰时；
COVID-19 is the most contagious disease that has claimed thousands of lives.
下列情况中，只能用 that，不用 which
④当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时；
Zhejiang is the first province that activated LevelⅠpublic health emergency response to COVID-19.
⑤当先行词被 the very, the only, the next, the last等所修饰时;
This is the last mask that I have.
⑥当先行词为指人和指物的两个并列名词词组时；
The medical supplies and workers that were sent to Wuhan have made a big difference to the patients there.
⑦当主句是以 which 开头的特殊疑问句时。
Which is the country that you like best
下列情况中，只能用 that，不用 which
下列情况中，只能用 which，不用that
①关系代词前有介词；
The outbreak of the COVID-19 is a special crisis from which we are supposed to learn a lesson that man should live in harmony with nature.
②在非限制性定语从句中。
Wuhan, capital of Hubei province, is the worst-hit city by the epidemic, which is under great pressure.
几点补充
②如果 the way 在定语从句中作状语，其中的关系词有三种不同的表达方式：
a. the way + in which
b. the way + that
c. the way + /
①先行词是those，指人，关系代词用who；
The WHO commends the way (that/in which) Chinese government fights against the epidemic.
②“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语，又能作宾语。
关于whose(……的)
①关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格(…的)；
③Whose… 人=the …of whom/of whom the…
物= the …of which/of which the…
Volunteers offer help to the elderly man whose family are quarantined. Volunteers offer help to the elderly man the family of whom are quarantined.
Voluntary donations are flooded into Wuhan whose people are suffering most. Voluntary donations are flooded into Wuhan the people of which are suffering most.
①关系副词在意义上都相当于介词 + which结构：
when = on (in, at, during…) + which;
where = in (at, on…) + which;
why = for which.
关系代词和关系副词的用法比较
②使用关系代词还是关系副词，一定要注意分析从句的结构。如果缺少主语或宾语，用关系代词；如果缺少时间状语、地点状语、原因状语，则分别用when, where, why。
I’ll never forget the days when we’re faced with the coronavirus.
I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together at home.
关系副词引导定语从句时，既引导定语从句，又在定语从句中充当状语。不能省略.
关系副词可转化为介词+关系代词结构。
1、When指时间，在定语从句中充当时间状语。
He told me the date when(on which) he joined the Party.
2、Where指地点，在定语从句中充当地点状语。
This is the place where(in which) we lived ten years ago.
3、Why指原因，在定语从句中充当原因状语。
I know the reason why(for which) she was so angry.
关系代词和关系副词的用法比较
同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用where，有时使用that/which；同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用when， 有时使用that/which。
这主要看两点：一：先行词在从句中所作成分； 二：是定语从句中的谓语动词是否是一个及物动词。
1. This is the park (that )we visited last year.
This is the park where we held a birthday party.
This is the park in which we held a birthday party.
2. She won’t forget the days (that )she spent on the island.
She won’t forget the days when they stayed together.
She won’t forget the days with which they stayed together.
1. The reason ___________ he gave us sounded reasonable.
2. I don’t know the reason _______ he quarreled with you.
3. I’ll never forget the day ___________ we spent together.
4. I’ll remember the day _________ we stayed together.
5. This is the hotel ____________ we visited last year.
6. This is the hotel _________ Lincoln once lived.
why
that/which
that/which
when
that/which
where
关系代词和关系副词的用法比较
1) Hangzhou is the place ______ I went last summer.
2) He read the book ______________ his sister had told him about.
3) The reason ______________ Peter is so happy is that he passed the exam.
4) I remember the day ______________ my father died. I was only ten years old at that time.
5) Please give me the reason ______ you were late this time.
6) I will go back to the place ______________ I grew up and live there forever.
why/ for which
where
which/that/ x
when/on which
why
where/in which
（1）This is the factory ________ I visited last year.
（2）This is the factory _______ I worked last year.
（3）This is the factory _______ produces all kinds of TV sets.
A. where B. which C. whom D. whose
☆ 以上三个句子只有细微的差别，但答案却不同：做这种题时，要通过还原先行词，看先行词在定语从句中所充当的成分；
1）中是动宾关系，即I visited the factory，因此选which
2）中factory应在定语从句中作地点状语，即：I worked in the factory，因此选where。
3）中是作定语从句中的主语，即: the factory produces all kinds …不作地点状语，因此选which
A
B
B
关系代词和关系副词的用法比较
This is the car ____which I bought last year.
This is the car ____which I paid 100$.
This is the car ____which I spent 100$.
This is the car ____which I go to work every day.
This is the car _______ which I can’t go to work.
This is the car ____which the old man was knocked down
This is the car ____which a boy threw a stone.
This is the car ______which we talked .
This is the car ____which the window was broken
/
for
on
in
without
by
at
about
of
练一练
关系代词和关系副词的用法比较
2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配
Can you explain to me how to use these idioms with which I’m not familiar.
3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.
关系代词和关系副词的用法比较
③ Whose引起从句可转换为“ of +关系代词”型，即 the+ n + of +which/whom
They live in a house, whose door opens to the south.
They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south.
They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.
The book __________ I heard was written 20 years ago.
The people __________ the man spoke weren’t listening.
The film __________ I fell asleep was very boring.
The pen __________ she wrote that book can now be seen in a museum.
The little creature __________ scientists are interested is known as ET.
The gun __________ he was shot was never found.
of which
to whom
in which
with which
in which
by which
练一练
总结关系词的用法：
关系词在定语从句中做___________________ 时，用关系代词(which, who, whom, that, whose)引导定语从句。
关系词在定语从句中做______时，用关系副词(when, where, why)引导定语从句。
主语、宾语、或定语
状语
3
定语从句作用
借助定语从句，完善所要表达的内容；
借助定语从句，体现表达的多样性、丰富性；
借助定语从句，实现句子结构紧凑，前后衔接一致。
I wish all of you a speedy recovery.
I wish all of you who are unwell a speedy recovery.
(2017.6) Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63 (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 64 it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.
(2017.11) It’s not all that hard to build an advanced and large vocabulary. Like many things in life, it’s 56 ongoing process, and the best part of the process is that there’s enough room for improvement, 57 means you’ll just keep getting better and better.
swept
where
an
which
(2018.6) Many westerners 57 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 58 can be to eat out.
(2019.6) On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth 58 gives off light in the dark.
who/that
it
which/that
五、注意事项
1. what不引导定语从句.what=all that
I want to give you what I have.(宾语从句）
2. 先行词被the same 修饰时，关系代词既可用that, 也可用as.但意义不同，前者表示“同一的”，后者表示“同样的”。
3. 关系副词when/where/why其含义相当于on which/in which/for which等可交替使用。如：The day when/on which I met him first was May 1st.
4.当先行词为专有名词或整个句子是世界上独一无二的名词时，一般用非限定性定语从句修饰。
例如：The sun, which gives us light, is very big.
5. way 后面定语从句：
Please pronounce the word the way she does.
I admire the way in which(that) the teacher gave his lessons.
6. 含有定语从句的强调句：
Was it in the reading-room where Kate met you that you read the magazine
It was in the lab which was in the charge of him that they did the experiment
定语从句与同位语从句的不同：
1.定语从句的先行词由名词和代词构成同位语从句的先行词由抽象名词构成。
Those who want to go please sign their names here.
We express the hope that they will come to visit China again.
2.定语从句修饰先行词，同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容。
I got the news that (which) made me angry yesterday.
I got the news that it is likely to rain.
The truth that the earth moves around the sun is known to all.
That’s my suggestion that the boy should study hard.
定语从句由关系代词关系副词来引导，同位语从句由that,有时也用when ,where, whether来引导
the reason that VS the reason why
Which is not the reason that the Forbidden City attracts more visitors from abroad
This could be the reason why students who sit here often get lower grades on tests and exams.
The reason that I didn't show up in your birthday party was because I had to do some work for my teacher.
What will be the reason that drive you become a teacher
However, the reason why one keeps a dog has changed.
I'd like to know the reason why you're so late.
Then what’s the reason that made you leave your former company