Guided learning plan for B1U1 Grammar and usage
Step 1 Lead-in
As we can see, the structure in the video is .
Structures are in our daily life, such as houses, machines and human bodies.
Actually, almost everything visible(看得见的) or invisible(看不见的) in the world has its own .
make up structures and structures elements.
Step 2 Analysis of sentence elements
Understanding of sentence elements
Just like houses, machines and human bodies, sentences have their own as well.
(2) Sentences structures are made up of sentence .
(3) There are sentence elements in English, that is, (主语), (谓语), (宾语), (定语), (状语), (补语), (表语), (同位语).
and are the two most important sentence elements.
Analyzing sentence elements one by one
主语—
My school is planning to hold class meetings about Chinese traditional culture and will post some of the meetings on an English website.
To let China go to the world and let the world understand China is my first aim.
What is the most impressive is its many multi-level waterfalls and colorful lakes.
Underline the subjects in the above sentences.
Rules: The subject is the of a sentence. It usually lies in of the sentence. But in special cases, it won’t be placed initially. sentence contains a subject.
谓语—
They advised getting the whole class involved in a brainstorm conference for studying more effectively.
These stories can relieve my stress.
I looked around and finally spotted David, who was standing by himself off to the side by a fence.
Underline the predicates in the above sentences.
Rules: The predicate carries the core of a sentence. It usually lies the subject. The predicate is for every sentence.
宾语—
Serving as my role model, my mother deserves the highest praise.
I would like you to give us your guidance and encouragement.
Underline the objects in the above sentences.
Rules: The object is the object of the verb. It usually follows a verb or a . It can be divided into objects and objects.
补语—
All the students consider him an excellent teacher.
Upon approaching the house, I noticed my dad and mom standing beside the old truck, looking upset.
He was seen playing basketball on the playground yesterday.
Underline the complements in the above sentences.
Rules: The complement is used to add more information to the or and make the meaning complete.
表语—
The lakes looks beautiful and calm.
More importantly, the other reason is that the documentaries present a splendid picture of China in front of their audiences—its history, food, art and so on.
Underline the predicatives in the above sentences.
Rules: The predicative is used to describe the and follows verbs.
定语—
Rich people are not always the happy ones.
As you see, the students in our school are always hard-working.
My dream to be admitted into my favorite university will come true.
Underline the attributives in the above sentences.
Rules: The attributive is used to modify and . A single word serving as an attributive is placed the noun while phrases or clauses are the noun.
状语—
In my growing up, she frequently reminded me of the belief—to value education and to be helpful.
The ceremony was scheduled to be held on June 8.
Learning the COVID-19 appeared, he put himself into the battle again.
Underline the adverbials in the above sentences.
Rules: The adverbial is used to modify a , an , an or a whole . It is in the location, before, in the middle of or after a sentence.
同位语—
When we were about to leave, the bear appeared from a distance, running towards us, with three other bears, a mother bear and two baby bears.
The most beloved and respected person around me is my teacher, Ms Li.
Underline the appositives in the above sentences.
Rules: The appositive is used to further explain the preceding noun or pronoun. It refers to the person
or thing as the preceding noun or pronoun.
Work in groups
An example
Mr Shi, our English teacher, asked us to keep quiet in the classroom.
Task 1: Find out the eight sentence elements in the above sentence.
Task 2: Shorten the sentence as much as possible without destroying the whole structure.
Further classification(分类) of sentence elements
and are secondary elements.
and are primary elements.
and are central elements.
Practice
You should listen more carefully.
Your teachers will help you with patience.
We will give you much independence.
We students should be honest and hard-working.
You will find senior high school different from junior high school in many ways.
Task: Analyze the elements of the above sentences and shorten them by cutting down the unnecessary parts.
Step 3 Analysis of five basic sentence structures
SV—
In the environment, teachers and students are living happily and working hard.
The upcoming music festival will take place in our school.
Rules: The verb in the structure SV is . It is unnecessarily followed by an . But it can be followed by an .
SVO—
Both teachers and students hope to hold such activities again.
I am looking forward to enjoying your wonderful lecture.
Rules: The verb in the structure SVO is . It must be followed by an . Otherwise, the meaning of the sentence would be .
SVP—
The traditional Chinese dress looks more beautiful and stylish.
Now we feel released and very energetic in class.
Rules: The verb in the structure SVP is a verb. Only when it is followed by a can the meaning be complete.
SVOO—
Mr Smith gave me some advice and lent me an English dictionary.
He bought me a bicycle.
Rules: The verb in the structure SVO is . It must be followed by two , that is, and . Usually, the former refers to a and the latter refers to a .
SVOC—
We all call him a living dictionary.
He saw me waiting in the rain.
Our maths teacher always encourages us to work out the questions by ourselves instead of being told the answers.
Rules: The verb in the structure SVO is . It must be followed by an . But that’s not enough. The object should be followed by a to supplement(补充) the meaning of the verb as well as the sentence meaning.
Step 4 Conclusion
What the sentence structure is like is determined by the , more specifically and accurately, by the of the verb. Different verbs will choose their structures in different ways.
All the diversified(多样的) English sentences originate from the basic structures, to which some language devices such as modifiers(修饰语), inversion(倒装) and omission(省略) are added.
Step 5 Homework
Finish the exercises on Page 7 and Page 58 of the textbook.(共40张PPT)
Welcome dear teachers to our class
What did you see in the video Structures everywhereWhat makes up the structure elementsWhat's the relationship between structures and elements structureelementDo sentences have structures Unit 1Grammar and usageSentence elements and sentence structuresModule 1Module 1The man visitedthe Great Wallwhen he was in Beijing.句子主语宾语谓语状语The manvisitedthe Great Wallwhen he was in Beijing.句子主语宾语谓语状语The manvisitedBeijingwhen he lived there.Sentence structures are made up of sentence elements.How many sentence elements are there in English subjectpredicateappositiveadverbialattributivepredicativecomplementobjectsentence elements主语—习惯于发号施令，偶尔也会被赶下台My school is planning to hold class meetings about Chinese traditional culture and will post some of the meetings on an English website.To let China go to the world and let the world understand China is my first aim.What is the most impressive is its many multi-level waterfalls and colorful lakes.Finding:The subject is theof a sentence. It usually lies inof the sentence. But in special cases, it won’t be placed initially.sentence contains a subject.agent/doerfrontEvery谓语—坚决服从主语“领导”，执行命令雷厉风行They advised getting the whole class involved in a brainstorm conference for studying more effectively.These stories can relieve my stress.Ilooked around and finally spotted David, who was standing by himself off to the side by a fence.Finding:The predicate carries the coreof a sentence. It usually liesthe subject. The predicate isfor every sentence.meaningafternecessary宾语—一直受到压制，有时“翻身农奴把歌唱”Serving as my role model, my mother deserves the highest praise.I would like you to give us your guidance and encouragement.Finding:The object is the object of the verb. It usually follows averb or a. It can be divided intoobjects andobjects.transitiveprepositiondirectindirect补语—始终寄人篱下，永远成不了主人All the students consider himan excellent teacher.Upon approaching the house, I noticed my dad and mom standing beside the old truck, looking upset.He was seen playing basketball on the playground yesterday.Finding:The complement is used to add more information to theorand make the meaning complete.objectsubject表语—最会察言观色，就看“主子”脸色The lakes looks beautiful and calm.More importantly, the other reason is that the documentaries present a splendid picture of China in front of their audiences — its history, food, art and so on.Finding:The predicative is used to describe theand followsverbs.subjectlinking定语—鞍前马后搞服务，全心全意勤务兵Richpeople are not always the happy ones.As you see, the students in our school are always hard-working.My dream to be admitted into my favorite university will come true.Finding:The attributive is used to modifyand. A single word serving as an attributive is placedthe noun while phrases or clauses arethe noun.nounspronounsbeforeafter状语—行踪飘忽不定，却对动词“情有独钟”In my growing up, shefrequently reminded me of the belief— to value education and to be helpful.The ceremony was scheduled to be held on June 8.Learning the COVID-19 appeared, he put himself into the battle again.Finding:The adverbial is used to modify a, an, anor a whole. It isin the location, before, in the middle of or after a sentence.verbadjectiveadverbsentenceflexible同位语—总是玩失踪，特殊场合还是“显露原形”When we were about to leave, the bear appeared from a distance, running towards us, with three other bears,a mother bear and two baby bears.The most beloved and respected person around me is my teacher,Ms Li.Finding:The appositive is used to further explain the preceding noun or pronoun. It refers to theperson or thing as the preceding noun or pronoun.sameAnalyzing the sentence elementsMr Shi, our English teacher,askedus to keep quiet in theclassroom.subjectappositivepredicateobjectcomplementattributivepredicativeadverbialMr Shi, our teacher,askedus to keep quiet in theclassroom.（删减定语）Mr Shi, our teacher,askedus to keep quiet.（删减状语）Mr Shiaskedus to keep quiet.（删减同位语）Why can some sentence elements be left out while others can’t attributiveadverbialappositivesecondaryelementsprimaryelementspredicativepredicateobjectcomplementsubjectsubjectpredicatepredicativeobjectcomplementadverbialattributiveappositiveMore specificallycompare and thinkShorten the sentencesYou should listenmore carefully.SVAdvYour teachers will help youwith patience.SVOAdvWe will give you independence.muchSVOOAttribWe should be honest and hard-working.studentsApposSVPYou will find senior high school different from junior high schoolin many ways.SVOCAdvFive basic structuresSV：简约却不简单的“主语＋谓语(vi.)(＋状语)”Inthe environment,teachers and studentsare livinghappilyand workinghard.The upcoming music festivalwill take placein our school.Finding:The verb in the structure SV is. It is unnecessarily followed by an. But it can be followed by an.intransitiveobjectadverbialSVO：众人青睐的“主谓宾(＋状语)”Both teachers and studentshopeto hold such activities again.Iam looking forward toenjoying your wonderful lecture.Finding:The verb in the structure SVO is. It must be followed by an. Otherwise, the meaning of the sentence would be.transitiveobjectincompleteSVP：独一无二的“主系表”The traditional Chinese dresslooksmore beautiful and stylish.Nowwefeelreleased and very energeticin class.Finding:The verb in the structure SVP is averb. Only when it is followed by acan the meaning be complete.linkingpredicativeSVOO：一拖二的“主谓宾宾”Mr Smithgavemesome adviceandlentmean English dictionary.Heboughtmea bicycle.Finding:The verb in the structure SVO is. It must be followed by two, that is,and. Usually, the former refers to aand the latter refers to a.transitiveobjectsdirect objectsindirect objectsthingpersonSVOC：缺一不可的“主谓宾补”We allcallhima living dictionary.Hesawmewaiting in the rain.Our maths teacheralwaysencouragesusto work out the questions by ourselves instead of being told the answers.Finding:The verb in the structure SVO is. It must be followed by an. But that’s not enough. The object should be followed by ato supplement(补充) the meaning of the verb as well as the sentence meaning.transitiveobjectcomplementS VS V OS V PS V O OS V O CWhat the sentence structure is like is determined by the, more specifically and accurately, by theof the verb. Different verbs will choose theirstructures in different ways.verbmeaningfollowingS VS V OS V PS V O OS V O Cmodifierinversionomission...All the diversified(多样的) English sentences originate from thebasic structures, to which some language devices such as modifiers(修饰语), inversion(倒装) and omission(省略) and so on are added.fiveHomeworkFinish the exercises on Page 7 and Page 58 of the textbookThat's all for this class.
