小升初语法：形容词 & 副词教学课件（共50张ppt）

(共50张PPT)
形容词 & 副词
Miss Guo 语法第五 & 六讲：
Teacher: Miss Guo
形容词 & 副词
（1）形容词和副词的原级
（2）形容词和副词的比较级
（3）形容词和副词的最高级
1. 形容词的基本用法
2. 副词的基本用法
3. 形容词和副词的原级，比较级，最高级
形容词变副词的规则
形容词的基本用法
第一部分：
形容词的基本用法
定义
形容词是主要用来修饰名词的词，表示人或事物的性质、状态、特征或程度好坏等。
　　形容词+名词，表示“……的”。
　　如：a good student, a busy bee
形容词也可以放在句末（系动词后）。
　　如：That girl is smart.
基本用法
形容词修饰不定代词
英语单词中something, anything, nothing等不定代词被形容词修饰时，形容词放在不定代词后面。
如：I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事情告诉你。
Is there anything wrong with you 你有什么不对劲吗？
There is nothing dangerous here. 这儿一点都不危险。
练一练
1. Would you like to tell me _____ about your friends
A. something different B. different anything
C. different something D. anything different
2. I have ______ to do today.
A. anything important B. something important
C. important nothing D. important something
3. ---Is there ______ in today’s newspaper
---No, there’s ______.
A. anything special; something unusual B. anything special; nothing unusual
C. special anything; nothing unusual D. special anything; unusual nothing
副词的基本用法
第二部分：
副词的基本用法
定义
副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句的词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。
副词一般放在动词之后，表示“……地”。
　　如：The girls sing happily.
Joe draws very well.
【注】在be动词，feel，smell，taste，get，become，sound，look，turn等系动词之后，应该用形容词而不是副词。
如：I feel sad when I see the film.
It sounds good.
You look terrible. What’s the matter
Leaves turn yellow in autumn.
The food tastes delicious.
练一练
形容词和副词的基本用法:
I am__ ( happy, happily).
He is __ (successful, successfully).
Lucy is __ (kind, kindly).
I am a ___ student. (happy, happily).
He is a __ man. (successful, successfully).
Lucy is a __ doctor. (kind, kindly).
He runs __ (quick, quickly).
He studied __. (good, well).
He will listen to Tom__. (careful, carefully).
happy
successful
kind
happy
successful
kind
quickly
well
carefully
1. 形容词+名词，作定语
2. be+形容词，作表语
3. 动词+副词，作状语
变化
规则
与形容词同形
early 早的- early 早地
一般在形容词尾直接加-ly
quick 快的—quickly 快地；slow 慢的一slowly 慢地
一些以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，先把y变为i，再加-ly
happy 开心的- happily开心地；heavy 沉重的- heavily沉重地
一些以辅音字母加le结尾的形容词，先去掉e，再加-y
comfortable 舒服的- comfortably 舒服地；simple 简单的- simply 简单地
一些以-e结尾的形容词要先去掉e，再加-ly
true 真的- truly 真正地
形容词变副词的规则
部分“名词+ly”变成副词，如：party- partly (部分地)
并不是所有以ly结尾的词都是副词，有的名词+ly是形容词
如：friend—friendly(友好的)；mother—motherly(母亲般的)，
father—fatherly(父亲般的)；sister—sisterly(姐妹般的)，
brother—brotherly(兄弟般的)； love—lovely(可爱的)；day—daily(每日的)
有些名词+y变成形容词。若名词以重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音字母，需双写该辅音字母，再加y
如：rain—rainy，snow—snowy，cloud—cloudy，wind—windy，
fog—foggy，sun—sunny，salt—salty，luck—lucky，health—healthy
【注意】
(1). The traffic is always _________ in the city than that in the countryside.
(2). While I was waiting for the bus, it began to rain _____________.
heavy
___________
heavily
heavy
heavily
将下列形容词变为副词，并为句子选出正确答案。
(1). The __________answers can be found at the bottom of page 8.
(2). Your problem may not be understood _____________.
correct
___________
correctly
correct
correctly
将下列形容词变为副词，并为句子选出正确答案。
(1). Eat ___________ if you want to keep healthy.
(2). Is it a __________ habit to take notes while listening to the teacher
good
___________
well
well
good
将下列形容词变为副词，并为句子选出正确答案。
形容词 & 副词 的
原级、比较级、最高级
第三部分：
大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：
① 原级，即原形。
② 比较级，表示“较…”或“更…一些”。（=2）
③ 最高级，表示“最……”的意思。（≥3）
形容词和副词原级的用法
形容词和副词原级的用法
用来直接描述人物或动作。
John is a tall boy. Rabbits run fast.
在副词very，quite(相当)，so，pretty，rather (相当)，too后，必须用原级。
I am very happy .
Lily's hair is too long.
同级比较
(1) … as + 形容词/副词原级 + as … “……和……一样”
You are as tall as me.
Daming is as old as Tom.
(2) 否定形式为… not as(so) + 形容词/副词原级 + as … “前者不如/没有后者...”
You aren’t as tall as me.
1. This maths problem is very difficult. It is_____ that one.
A. so easy as B. as difficult as C. much difficult
2. Tom plays chess ______David.
A. as well B. as well as C. so well
3. ---Is maths more difficult than English
---No, maths isn’t as ______ as English.
A. easy B. difficult C. easier D. more difficult
4. Shark is getting old and cannot jump as _____ as he did.
A. high B. higher C. highest D. much higher
形容词和副词
比较级、最高级的构成
（规则变化 VS 不规则变化)
形容词和副词比较级、最高级的规则变化
构 成 方 法 原 级 比 较 级 最 高 级
单音节词和部分双音音节词 1. 一般在词尾加-er或-est cold colder coldest
fast faster fastest
2. nice nicer nicest
large larger largest
3. big bigger biggest
hot hotter hottest
4. easy easier easiest
early earlier earliest
多音节词和部分双音节词 5. 在词前加more或most interesting more interesting most interesting
easily more easily most easily
以不发音的e结尾的词加
-r或-st
重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写辅音字母再加-er或-est
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先改“y”为“i”,再加-er或-est
不规则变化
比较级和最高级的构成
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well好的 better更好的 best最好的
bad差的，ill坏的 worse更差的；更坏的 worst最差的；
最坏的
many/much多的 more更多的 most最多的
little少的 less更少的 least最少的
比较级和最高级的构成
不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
old年老的；古老的 older较老的；较旧的 oldest最老的；最旧的；最年长的
elder年长的（辈分） eldest最年长的
far远的 farther（指距离）更远的 farthest（指距离）最远的
further（指距离和抽象概念）较深远的 furthest（指距离和抽象概念）最深远的
顺口溜： “坏” “病” 两 “多” 和 两 “好” ；
一是“远”来二是“老”；
little 是“少” 不是 “小”
bad
early
difficult
thin
hard
many
Have a try
写出下列词的比较级和最高级。
?
1.bad worse—worst
2.early earlier—earliest
3.difficult more difficult— most difficult
4.thin thinner— thinnest
5.hard harder—hardest ?
形/副比较级、最高级用法特点
基本 用法
=2比较用
比较级，后接than
Lily is taller than me.
≥3者用最高级，
前加the
Tom is the tallest boy in our class.
形容词/副词比较级的常用句型
1. 比较级+ than… “比...更...”
Pigsy is fatter than Monkey King.
Monkey King is thinner than Pigsy.
形容词/副词比较级的常用句型
1. 比较级+ than…
The giraffe is taller than sheep.
The sheep is shorter than girafe.
形容词/副词比较级的常用句型
2. Who / Which + 比较级 , A or B “A或者B, 谁/哪一个更... ”
Who is more beautiful, the girl or the nurse
形容词/副词比较级的常用句型
2. Who / Which + 比较级 , A or B “A或者B, 谁/哪一个更... ”
Who is taller, Tim or David
David
Tim
形容词/副词比较级的常用句型
3. 比较级前可用much / even / a little /a bit /far….. 来修饰表程度.
A computer is much more expensive than a bicycle.
5999 yuan
299 yuan
形容词/副词比较级的常用句型
4. “The+比较级…，the+比较级…”, 表示“越……，越……”
The more exercise you do, the healthier you will be.
(你锻炼得越多，你就越健康。)
形容词/副词比较级的常用句型
5. “…比较级+and+比较级…”/ “more and more + 原级”, 表示“越来越……”
The boys are getting stronger and stronger.
形容词/副词比较级的常用句型
5. “…比较级+and+比较级…”/ “more and more + 原级”, 表示“越来越……”
The girls are getting more and more beautiful.
比较级+than…
Who / Which + 比较级 , A or B
3. 比较级可用much / even / a little /a bit /far …来修饰表程度
4. “The+比较级…，the+比较级…”
5. “…比较级+and+比较级…”/ “more and more + 原级”
【比较级小结】
典型例题解析
【例1】 --Which is_________ , spring or autumn --I think it's autumn.
A. good B. better C. best D. the best
【例2】It is_________today than yesterday. Shall we go swimming this afternoon
A. the hottest B. hot C. hottest D. hotter?
【例3】I feel even_________ now.
A. bad B. well C. worse D. worst
【例4】 ____ she is, ____ she feels.
A. The more busy, the more happy B. The busy, the happy
C. Busier, happier D. The busier, the happier
【例5】--Do you like the two skirts
--The yellow one is good but the green one looks ______.
A. nicer B. nice C. best D. more nice
The +比较级, the+比较级 “越…,越…”
形容词/副词最高级的常用句型
1. Who/Which … + 最高级, A, B or C
Who is the tallest, Tom, Jack or David
Tom Jack David
Lucy 3’
Lily 2’58
Jane 3’02
Who runs fastest ,Lily , Lucy or Jane
形容词/副词最高级的常用句型
2. …one of the+最高级+名词复数, 表示“最….之一”
Li Lei is one of the tallest students in our class.
形容词/副词最高级的常用句型
3. …the+最高级+of /in +（比较范围）
Tom is the most hard–working student in our class.
形容词/副词最高级的常用句型
3. …the+最高级+of /in +（比较范围）
Of all the singers, I think Lisa is the best.
形容词/副词最高级的常用句型
4. …the +序数词+最高级…
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
Who/Which … + 最高级, A, B or C
…one of the+最高级+名词复数
3. …the+最高级+of /in+ （比较范围）
4. …the +序数词+最高级…
【最高级小结】
典型例题解析
【例1】 --Mr Zhou, all of the students in our group, who lives ____
--I think Li Lei does.
A. far B. farther C. farthest D. Farest
【例2】The Changjiang River is the first____ river in China.
A. shorter B. longer C. longest D. the longest
【例3】Lily is one of ____girls in our class.
A.outgoing B.more outgoing C.most outgoing D.the most outgoing
形容词/副词比较级、最高级的特殊用法
1. 形容词的比较级前面一般不加冠词，但表示“两者中较……”的时候，要用“the+比较级+of ”
She is better than she was yesterday.
She is the taller of the two girls.
2. 形容词的最高级前面一般加定冠词，而副词的最高级前面可加可不加
She is the best singer in our school. She sings (the) best.
He jumped (the) highest of the three boys.
典型例题解析
【例1】 --Have you decided which you’d like to buy, the black shirt or the yellow one
--The black one. Because it is _______ of the two.
A. the nicer B. the nicest C. nicer
【例2】Of the two Australian students, Masha is ______ one. I think you can find her easily.
A. tallest B. the taller C. taller D. the tallest
随堂练习
1. The bread is ____ than these cakes.
A. very delicious B. much delicious C. more delicious D. as delicious
2. The car is running_________. It seems to be flying.
A. more and faster B. more and fast C. fast and fast D. faster and faster
3. I feel much_________ now.
A. bad B. well C. worse D. worst
4. She was very happy. She ran_________of all the runners.
A. fastest B. slower C. slowest D. quickly
5. Hainan is a very large Island. It is the second ______ island in China.
A. large B. larger C. largest D. most largest
比较级 + and +比较级
“ 越来越…”
随堂练习
6. English is as______as Chinese.You should learn it well.
A. important B. more important C. the most important D. much more important
7. The life of our villages is much _______ than before.
A. good B. better C. the better D. the best
8. It’s _______ today than yesterday.
A. hot B. much hotter C. more hotter D. most hotter
9. His English is not so ______ as his Chinese.
A. good B. well C. better D. best
10. You are _______ girl that I have ever seen.
A. beautiful B. more beautiful C. most beautiful D. the most beautiful
随堂练习
Ⅱ.根据句意填空。?
1. Which film is _____________ , this one or that one (interesting)?
2. I think English is one of __________________ subjects in middle school. (important).?
3. Li Lei doesn't study so____________ as his sister. (care)?
4. Ann is a little__________ ( young ) than Joan, but she is much________. ( tall )?
5. The Changjiang River is very ________. It's the third___________ river in the world. (long)
more interesting
the most important
carefully
younger
taller
long
longest
Thank You