2023届高三英语二轮复习阅读理解9月专项练习（含答案）

高三一轮复习 阅读理解9月专项训练
真题多维细目表
命题规律与备考策略：
1.阅读理解的文章体裁以说明文为主,以应用文、议论文、记叙文为辅。
2.从设题角度看，阅读理解的考频由高到低为:细节理解，推理判断，主旨要义，猜测词义。
备考过程中，要力求做到:
①弄清关键词汇、短语的确切含义，深人分析长难句，每周进行1至2次精读训练；
②提高阅读速度和准确度，采用正确的阅读方法, 注意力集中在语意上，多用略读、跳读、扫读和回读的快捷方法，最短的时间内找寻关键词、主题句及作者意图等重要信息。
3.高2022届9月书面表达再现：
（成都市外国语学校高2022届高三入学考）
阅读理解篇章（一）
On a rainy afternoon, maybe one of the following books will keep you company leisurely, allowing you to spend your time alone as well as stepping into a different world.
Don’t Shed Your Tears for Anyone Who Lives on These Streets, by Patricio Pron
In April 1945, Italy, a writer disappeared at a conference and was found dead at another place. Thirty years later, a young man interviewed survivors from the conference, trying to uncover the truth about what happened and its consequences. This novel, by a well-known Argentine writer, explores art, crime and politics.
When Breath Becomes Air, by Paul Kalanithi
At thirty-six, Paul Kalanithi was diagnosed (诊断) with stage IV lung cancer. One day he was a doctor treating the dying, and the next he was a patient. This autobiography finds hope and beauty in the face of death as Kalanithi attempts to answer the question “What makes a life worth living ”.
To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee
Set in a small Alabama town in the 1930s, the story focuses on honest, highly respected lawyer Atticus Finch who puts his career on the line when he agrees to represent Tom Robinson, a black man accused of committing a crime.
Nobody Will Tell You This But Me: A true (as told to me) story by Bess Kalb
Bess Kalb saved every voicemail from her grandmother Bobby Bell who died at ninety. In this book, Bobby is speaking to Bess once more, in a voice as loving as it ever was in life and brings us several generations of brave women. They include Bobby’s mother, who traveled alone from Belarus to America to survive, and Bess’s mother, who always fought against convention.
1. What type of book is the first novel
A. Sci-fi. B. Biography. C. Detective books. D. History books.
2. Which book explores life and death
A. To Kill a Mockingbird
B. When Breath Becomes Air
C. Don’t Shed Your Tears for Anyone Who Lives on These Streets
D. Nobody Will Tell You This But Me: A true (as told to me) story
3. Who is the main character in the last novel
A. Bobby Bell. B. Bess Kalb. C. Bess’s mother. D. Bobby’s mother.
阅读理解篇章（二）
Twenty years ago, I became involved in pet therapy(疗法) work with our Angel. As she matured and went through professional training, we realized that she would be good at this new job.
Angel is ten now and works every week. She visits two hospitals providing day care for the elderly, and our library’s PAWS for Reading program. At the library, six to ten dogs lie on the floor, and the kids pick a book to read to a dog. After they finish, they get a card with the dog’s picture and history. Angel also helps out at a special-needs camp. She is so popular that everywhere we go people recognize her, especially the kids she has worked with.
We have seen some very special things through our pet therapy work. I brought Angel to our local hospital to visit a woman who was completely unable to move the right side of her body from a stroke(中风). One day, my husband, Jack, got Angel up into a chair next to the woman’s bed, asking her if she wanted to give Angel a treat. She nodded. Angel gently took the treat. Then the woman raised her right hand and started petting Angel. Her friend couldn’t believe her eyes.
After that, every time we saw the woman, she lifted her left hand. We’d tell her she had to use her right hand, and she would. Next, you’ll fall in love with this woman’s story of rearing her own Angel later in her family and why she calls it the best decision she ever made.
4. Who is Angel
A. A pet trainer. B. A hospital
C. A therapy dog. D. The author’s kid.
5. What does Angel usually do
A. Save seriously ill people.
B. Pay visits to kids in hospital.
C. Protect the elderly in their homes.
D. Help children at a special camp.
6. Why was the woman’s friend astonished
A The woman moved her right hand.
B. The woman treated Angel.
C. Angel helped the woman recover.
D. Angel got along with the woman.
7. What does the underlined word “rearing” in the last paragraph mean
A. Accompanying. B. Raising.
C. Assisting. D. Training.
阅读理解篇章（三）
Happiness is not a warm phone, according to a new study exploring the link between young life satisfaction and screen time. The study was led by professor of psychology Jean M. Twenge at San Diego State University (SDSU).
To research this link, Twenge, along with colleagues Gabrielle Martin at SDSU and W. Keith Campbell at the University of Georgia, dealt with data from the Monitoring the Future (MtF) study, a nationally representative survey of more than a million U. S. 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-graders. The survey asked students questions about how often they spent time on their Phones, tablets and computers, as well as questions about their face-to-face social interactions and their overall happiness.
On average found that teens who spent more time in front of screen devices — playing computer games, using social media, texting and video chatting — were less happy than those who invested more time in non-screen activities like sports, reading newspapers and magazines, and face-to-face social interactions.
"The key to digital media use and happiness is limited use," Twenge said. "Aim to spend no more than two hours a day on digital media, and try to increase the amount of time you spend seeing friends face-to-face and exercising — two activities reliably linked to greater happiness."
Looking at historical trends from the same age groups since the 1990s, it's easy to find that the increase of screen devices over time happened at the same time as a general drop-off in reported happiness in U. S. teens. Specifically, young peopled life satisfaction and happiness declined sharply after 2012. That's the year when the percentage of Americans who owned a smartphone rose above 50 percent. By far the largest change in teens' lives between 2012 and 2016 was the increase in the amount of time they spent on digital media, and the following decline in in-person social activities and sleep.
8. Which method did Twenge's team use for the study
A. Calculating students' happiness.
B. Asking students certain questions.
C. Analyzing data from a survey.
D. Doing experiments on screen time.
9. How does the author develop the finding of the study in paragraph 3
A. By making a comparison.
B. By giving an example.
C. By making an argument.
D. By introducing a concept.
10. What is the purpose of the last paragraph
A. To draw a conclusion from the study.
B. To offer some advice to the readers.
C. To prove social activities' importance.
D. To support the researchers' finding.
11. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Quitting Phones Equals Happiness
B. Screen Time Should Be Banned
C. Teens' Lives Have Changed Sharply
D. Screen-addicted Teens Are Unhappier
阅读理解篇章（四）
A group of scientists in labs spread across Europe, the U.S. and Nepal have been working on Qomolangma “remotely”. The project’s goal is to turn the world’s highest mountain into a huge climate laboratory.
During April and May last year, a team of more than 30 biologists, glaciologists, geologists, meteorologists, and geographers fanned out across Qomolangma’s southern side, conducting fieldwork high on the mountain. “We believe the best way to get a full scientific picture of Qomolangma is not just to do one kind of science,” says Paul Mayewski of the University of Maine, the leader of the effort.
Each individual study promises a unique picture of the mountain’s climate-past, present, and future. Ice cores will allow scientists to go back in time-tens, hundreds and perhaps thousands of years to learn about the environment. Snow and water samples give a look at what’s happening on the mountain, today, including the future of the glaciers. The team also fixed a network of automated weather stations, which will document upcoming weather trends for years to come.
One of the hardest tasks fell to Mayewski’s colleague Mariusz Potoeki, who hoped to drill ice cores at several places on the mountain, including the South Col (25,938 feet) and the top of Qomolangma (29,035 feet). The job required a specially designed drill system powered by batteries, and an excellent team to figure out how to prevent the cores from becoming liquid during their long journey back to the University of Maine’s laboratory for analysis.
Potocki abandoned his summit attempt due to the crowds of normal climbers. To his relief, Potocki succeeded in taking the highest ice core ever recovered, at just above Camp Four-26,312 feet above sea level. “The ice doesn’t lie.” Mayewski says. “The very idea that the highest part of the planet hasn’t been spared from human activity ought to be a real wake-up call for everybody.”
12. Which way does Paul Mayewski suggest to fully study Qomolangma
A. Working on it remotely in labs. B. Teaming up with more countries.
C. Doing many kinds of science. D. Turning it into a real lab.
13. Why does the team analyze ice cores
A. To document upcoming weather change. B. To get a unique picture of climate trends.
C. To know more about the past environment. D. To predict the future of the mountain.
14. What difficulty did Mariusz Potocki face
A. Improving the special drill system.
B. Drilling the oldest ice cores at some places.
C. Conducting fieldwork above Camp Four.
D. Delivering frozen ice cores to the lab.
15. What can we infer from the last paragraph
A. Potocki got ice cores at 29,035 feet.
B. Human activity has affected Qomolangma.
C. Ice cores can serve as a warning for us.
D. Normal climbers helped with Potocki’s work.
A
If you're at the early stages of your career and you're not yet sure the path you want to take but you know you want to help people, you're in the right place. There are so many different ways in which we can have a positive influence through the work we do. So keep reading if you want to learn more about these ways.
Family Social Worker
A family social worker role allows you to work directly with young people and families who are going through challenging situations. It's a job that presents great variety and gives you the opportunity to help people repair damaged situations and relationship breakdowns, supporting everyone involved in the way that's best for them moving forward.
Defense Lawyer
If you have a legal background or it's something you're interested in, entering the field of defense law and helping people who are in need of affordable representation might be the career you're looking for. Lots of people suffer from a lack of adequate legal representation and there are ethical （道德的）lawyers out there who aim to fill that gap for them and provide them with the legal advice and representation they require.
Consultant or Youth Worker
Consulting or youth work is an important field of work, and you can get started on that career path with a degree in consulting. These career paths involve guiding and helping young people who are in need of direct support, and it requires a sympathetic nature and the ability to communicate very well. It's certainly an important and worthwhile line of work to enter.
Dietician or Nutritionist
If you're someone who's interested in health and food, you combine those interests with your desire to help people and pursue a career as a dietician or nutritionist. More and more people are turning to these kinds of specialists in order to live healthier and longer lives. It's a branch of healthcare that's becoming more important and more in demand.
1. What's the purpose of the passage
A. To give job information to people who haven't landed jobs.
B. To instruct people on how to find a career which interest them.
C. To provide career options for people who want to help others.
D. To persuade people to combine work with serving the community.
2. If you prefer to work with young people, which of the following jobs may interest you
A. Family Social Worker and Defense Lawyer.
B Family Social Worker and Consultant or Youth Worker.
C. Consultant or Youth Worker and Dietician or Nutritionist.
D. Defense Lawyer and Dietician or Nutritionist.
3. What will a defense lawyer do
A. Repair damaged situation and relations.
B. Guide people to enter a field of defense law.
C. Fill the gap between the rich and the poor.
D. Provide people with legal representation and advice.
B
Maybe it's because it was our first purchase as homeowners. The salesman must have spotted just how green we were, so he began persuading. And soon he led us to a classic leather chair. All these years later, I remember he used words like rich and handsome, the thing every living room needed.
We believed him. So we bought that chair — just less than $100, a great deal in the 1970s for a young couple!
How we loved that chair! It always occupied a place of honor in our various living rooms, moving with us from our first tiny house to our beloved new house.
Somehow, conversations were better on that chair, and life was more fun around it. Three daughters spilled their secrets on it. Old friends seemed to be attracted by it on those wonderful occasions. Crazy as it sounds, that leather chair seemed to have — well, powers. All for good.
At first, we didn't really care that the leather was showing signs of wear or that it had lost its sheen (光泽). But in our most recent move, when the chair was moved in our new living room, it suddenly looked terribly lonely sitting close to newly painted walls and a couple of shiny new tables.
My husband and I tried but still we couldn't ignore the rough spots. Our chair had a skin disease. Even our adult kids raised eyebrows, urging us to at least remove the chair to some dark comer of the room. Neither of us could imagine such a retirement for it.
So we had an inspired idea. We'd call in an upholsterer (修理工) to give our old chair a whole new life. Our friend Joe studied the chair and then took out a simple leather conditioner. He explained that although it wouldn't work miracles, it would definitely get our weary chair looking younger again. It certainly doesn't look new, but its seat and back are shining, and some of its deeper wrinkles have lightened.
Best of all, it's back in the living room, looking like a wise old friend to the furniture around it. And, yes, there it will stay.
Because some things, like some people, just deserve a happy old age.
4. How did the salesman persuade the author into buying the chair
A. By thinking highly of the author.
B. By saying that the author was green.
C. By describing how great the chair was.
D. By comparing the chair with others.
5. What is the fourth paragraph mainly about
A. Sweet memories with the chair.
B. Various functions of the chair.
C. People's comments on the chair.
D. Family activities and parties of friends.
6. Why did the author finally decide to repair the chair
A. Because he was persuaded by Joe.
B. Because he didn't have enough money.
C. Because it showed signs of hardness.
D. Because it couldn't match his new house.
7. What can we learn from the text
A. East or west, home is best. B. From saving comes having.
C. It is never too late to mend. D. Old friends and wine are best.
C
Life can be so wonderful, full of adventure and joy. It can also be full of challenges, setbacks and heartbreaks. Whatever our circumstances, we generally still have dreams, hopes and desires—that little something more we want for ourselves and our loved ones. Yet knowing we can have more can also create a problem, because when we go to change the way we do things, up come the old patterns and pitfalls that stopped us from seeking what we wanted in the first place.
This tension between what we feel we can have and "what were seemingly able to have is the niggling suffering, the anxiety we feel. This is where we usually think it's easier to just give up. But we're never meant to let go of the part of us that knows we can have more. The intelligence behind that knowing is us—the real us. It's the part that believes in life and its possibilities. If you drop that, you begin to feel a little "dead" inside because you're dropping "you".
So, if we have this capability but somehow life seems to keep us stuck, how do we break these patterns
Decide on a new course and make one decision at a time. This is good advice for a new adventure or just getting through today's challenges.
While, deep down, we know we can do it, our mind—or the minds of those close to us—usually says we can't.
That isn't a reason to stop, it's just the mind, that little man or woman on your shoulder, trying to talk you out of something again. It has done it many times before. It's all about starting simple and doing it now.
Decide and act before overthinking. When you do this you may feel a little, or large, release from the jail of your mind and you'll be on your way.
8. It can be inferred from the first two paragraphs that we should .
A. slow down and live a simple life
B be careful when we choose to change
C. stick to our dreams under any circumstances
D. be content with what we already have
9. What is the key to breaking the old patterns
A. To focus on every detail.
B. To decide and take immediate action.
C. To listen to those close to us.
D. To think twice before we act.
10. Which of the following best explains the underlined part in the last paragraph
A. Escape from your punishment
B. Realization of your dreams.
C. Freedom from your tension.
D. Reduction of your expectations.
11. What does the author intend to tell us
A. It's easier than we think to get what we want.
B. It's important to learn to accept sufferings in life.
C. It's impractical to change our way of thinking.
D. It's harder than we expect to follow a new course.
D
To look inside an ant nest is to meet with an alien civilization. The boiling mass of worker ants beneath an upturned stone is both strangely reminiscent of (联想到) human society and strikingly different. There is an organization that fascinates us and a long line of myrmecophiles (or ant lovers) leads back all the way to King Solomon, who in fact advised people to “go to the ant, consider her ways and be wise”. This was exactly the inspiration behind Planet Ant, a TV program showcasing what we know about the kingdom of ants, and what ants can teach us about the human world.
Like us, ants build structures, find food, defend their societies and manage waste, and-also like us-they must be well organized. For example, the leaf-cutting ants of Planet Ant have special waste disposal areas for storing harmful waste and a team of “waste-disposal ants” dedicated to keeping the nest clean. But ants achieve this familiar final result in a very different way to humans. Human societies have centralized control. In other words, someone tells us what to do. Ants, on the other hand, have decentralized control and neither the queen nor any other ant directs work. Ant workers are the final self-starters, following specific, but potentially flexible, rules in certain situations.
Chemical trails underpin much of this self-organization. Foragers (觅食者) lay a mix of chemicals known as trail pheromone (信息素) behind them as they walk. Other ants follow the trail and if they find food they reinforce it, laying more pheromone as they return to the nest. Stronger trails are more likely to be followed, so trails leading to food become progressively reinforced, while trails with no food at the end fade away.
This combination of positive feedback and evaporation (蒸发) produces an effective foraging system that is very good at finding the quickest routes to food. This simple guiding principle, and others like it, have provided some useful solutions to the complex problems faced by engineers, computer scientists and businesses.
12. Why does the author mention King Solomon in the first paragraph
A. To provide a background. B. To show admiration for him.
C. To stress the wisdom of ants. D. To explain an abstract theory.
13. How do ants behave while performing tasks
A. They get orders from their partners. B. They choose to do only routine tasks.
C. They strictly follow the queen’s orders. D. They follow their own senses and certain rules.
14. What does the underlined word “underpin” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Decide. B. Support. C. Develop. D. Calculate.
15. What information can we get about trail pheromone from the text
A. It comes from the food resources. B. It appears before ants’ self-organization.
C. It leads the following ants to food. D. It helps ants find their way back home.
（四川省绵阳中学高2022届调研试题）
阅读理解训练篇章（一）
The goal of writing a resume is to show employers you are well fit for the job. Adding information like your skills can help convey why the employer should advance you in the hiring process. Another section you might consider is to add voluntary work.
Reasons for listing voluntary work ★To provide information on changeable skills when shifting careers or industries ★To give background when there are gaps in your resume due to leaving the workforce for an extended period of time ★To add to a resume with limited professional experience (important to recent college or high school graduates)
How to list voluntary work on your resume ★If you have professional experience, you should include only three to five most recent and relevant jobs. If not, consider adding volunteer positions to your professional background section. List relevant volunteer experiences under your professional history section. ★If you gained or improved important skills through voluntary work, include these skills and developments in the voluntary work description. Pay attention to any skills that may also be important to your potential employers. ★If you have volunteer experiences that are unrelated to your industry, you might consider including a brief voluntary work section at the bottom of your resume if you feel it will set you apart from other candidates. You can format this section the same as your professional work experience section or write a shortened version that takes up less space.
1. Which one can explain why you should add voluntary work to your resume
A. To indicate you are professional. B. To prove you have wide interests.
C. To show your fitness for special jobs. D. To explain the gap in your working record.
2. What should you do when listing your voluntary work
A. Include 3-5 voluntary experiences.
B. Link volunteer jobs with your development.
C. Create a separate and large section.
D. Avoid rough description of voluntary work.
3. What type of writing is this text
A. A notice. B. An ad.
C. A guidance. D. An invitation.
阅读理解训练篇章（二）
For years, life went something like this: We’d grow up in one place, head off to college, and then find a city to get a job and live there for a few years. The final goal was to find somewhere to settle down, buy a house, start a family, and begin the whole cycle all over again. But now some people are increasingly choosing to move from city to city throughout their entire lives, sometimes as frequently as every month.
Just ask Alex Chatzieleftheriou, who has had a front-row seat watching this evolution unfold. Six years ago, he launched a startup called Blueground that rents out beautifully designed, fully furnished apartments for a month at a time, at rates that are cheaper than hotels. And it aims to make each one feel unique and comfortable, rather than standardized, like what you might find in a traditional hotel.
Today, the company has 3,000 properties(房地产) in six U.S. cities, along with Dubai, Istanbul, London, Paris, and Chatzieleftheriou’s native Athens, and a staff of 400. With the help of the Series B round of funding, the company landed $ 50 million, plus its previous total of $ 28 million, to continue its rapid expansion. It hopes to have 50,000 properties in 50 cities over the next three years.
Chatzieleftheriou first came up with the idea for Blueground while he was working as a management consultant for McKinsey. “The accommodation of choice for consultants is the hotel,” he says. “I had to spend five years in hotel rooms, living in 12 different cities. I loved seeing the world, but I didn’t love feeling like I didn’t have a home.” And what’s more, hotels aren’t a particularly cost-effective solution for companies either. In Chatzieleftheriou’s case, McKinsey sometimes paid $ 10,000 or more for him to stay in a major city for a month.
4. What does the author intend to tell in the first paragraph
A. A new lifestyle is appearing.
B. Life is just like a circle for people.
C. Most people are used to an easy life.
D. People live in different places in life.
5. What is the goal of Blueground
A. To compete with hotels.
B. To create standardized hotels.
C. To make renters feel at home.
D. To rent out long-term apartments.
6. What do we know about Blueground
A. It got a total investment of $ 78 million.
B. Its business is anything but satisfying.
C. It expanded to every corner of the world.
D. It has 50,000 properties in 50 cities.
7. What does the last paragraph focus on
A. High costs of hotels.
B. Chatzieleftheriou’s former work.
C Strengths of Blueground.
D. The inspiration for Blueground.
阅读理解训练篇章（三）
In Colombia a group, named WebConserva, is carrying out a project in the San Lucas Mountains with the help of coffee growers.
The San Lucas area is one of the most unexplored places in Colombia, which is home to many thousands of species of animals and plants. Yet gold mining and coca farming have dealt a blow to its ecosystem. To limit additional development in the San Lucas area, the group helps coffee growers by linking them with processors from around the country.
Colombia has more different kinds of living things than any other country except neighboring Brazil. In 2016, the Colombian government signed a peace deal with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia ending years of civil war. As a result, more land became accessible for use, with deforestation(毁林) coming along. Government information shows that in 2017, almost 220,000 hectares of forest were destroyed compared to around 124,000 hectares in 2015.
To date, the project includes 10 families who farm 400 hectares of coffee plants, which costs about $ 77,000 dollars a year. WebConserva hopes that, in time, 200 families will be included. At that level, 20,000 hectares of untouched forest could be protected. In San Lucas, the families promise not to cut down trees to expand their crops or to hunt wild animals from the forests. In return, they receive $ 250 to $ 300 per 125 kilograms of coffee, an enviable amount there. Arcadio Barajas is among those taking part. His new coffee plantation(种植园) makes a barrier between cattle farms and forests where wild animals like the jaguar live and hunt. In this way, he doesn't have to kill wild animals to protect his cattle.
Barajas said that pulling down the forest to plant coca and killing wildlife were against his will. Now he feels that growing coffee lets him be a steward of the land. "I'm taking care of the environment, the forest and the animals," he said.
8. Why does WebConserva set up the project
A. To help local farmers make money.
B. To expand areas of coffee growing.
C. To link processors with coffee growers.
D. To conserve biodiversity in the Mountains.
9. What happened after Colombia’s civil war was over
A. Colombia helped many needy families.
B. Colombia lost lots of areas of forests.
C. Colombia started to save damaged forests.
D. Colombia became more peaceful than Brazil.
10. Which is probably a function of Barajas's coffee plantation
A. A method of protecting cattle and wildlife.
B. A substitute for hunting of wild animals.
C. A barrier between man and wild animals.
D. A shelter for cattle against human hunters.
11. What does the underlined word "steward" mean in the last paragraph
A. Farmer. B. Master.
C. Guardian. D. Explorer.
阅读理解训练篇章（四）
Cigarettes aren’t just harmful when they’re being smoked. Even when cigarette ends go out and are cold, new research has found they continue to give off harmful chemicals in the air. In the first 24 hours alone, scientists say a used cigarette end will produce 14 percent of the nicotine (尼古丁) that an actively burning cigarette would produce.
While most of these chemicals are released within a day of being put out, an analysis for the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) found the level of nicotine fell by just 50% five days later.
“I was absolutely surprised,” since environmental engineer Dustin Poppendieck from the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). “The numbers are significant and could have important impacts when cigarette ends are dealt with indoors or in cars. While much attention has been paid to the health influence of first-hand, second-hand and now third-hand smoking, it is not the case when it comes to the actual cigarette end of the matter.”
To measure emissions (排放) from this forgotten thing, Poppendieck and his team placed 2,100 cigarettes that were recently put out inside a special room. Once the ends were sealed away, the team measured eight chemicals commonly produced by cigarettes, four of which the FDA have their eye on for being harmful or potentially so.
After setting the room’s temperature, the researchers tested how emissions changed under certain conditions. When the air temperature of the room was higher, for instance, they noticed the ends produced these chemicals at higher rates. This finding might discourage those who want to leave ashtrays (烟灰缸) out for days at a time, especially in the heat.
12. What do the researchers say about cigarette ends
A They contain little nicotine.
B. They produce no nicotine five days later.
C. They give off nicotine for days.
D. They create as much nicotine as burning cigarettes.
13. What do Poppendieck’s words suggest
A. First-hand smoking does most harm.
B. The findings are within his expectation.
C. Cigarettes should be dealt with indoors.
D. Health influence of cigarette ends is ignored.
14. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to not cleaning ashtrays for days
A. Unclear. B. Disapproving. C. Unconcerned. D. Puzzled.
15. What can be the best title for the text
A. Used Cigarette Ends Release Harmful Chemicals
B. Cigarettes Are More Harmful While Being Smoked
C. Research Found Reasons For Cigarette Ends’ Harm
D. Cigarette Ends Produce More Chemicals in the Heat
高三一轮复习 阅读理解9月专项训练
真题多维细目表
命题规律与备考策略：
1.阅读理解的文章体裁以说明文为主,以应用文、议论文、记叙文为辅。
2.从设题角度看，阅读理解的考频由高到低为:细节理解，推理判断，主旨要义，猜测词义。
备考过程中，要力求做到:
①弄清关键词汇、短语的确切含义，深人分析长难句，每周进行1至2次精读训练；
②提高阅读速度和准确度，采用正确的阅读方法, 注意力集中在语意上，多用略读、跳读、扫读和回读的快捷方法，最短的时间内找寻关键词、主题句及作者意图等重要信息。
3.高2022届9月书面表达再现：
（成都市外国语学校高2022届高三入学考）
阅读理解篇章（一）
On a rainy afternoon, maybe one of the following books will keep you company leisurely, allowing you to spend your time alone as well as stepping into a different world.
Don’t Shed Your Tears for Anyone Who Lives on These Streets, by Patricio Pron
In April 1945, Italy, a writer disappeared at a conference and was found dead at another place. Thirty years later, a young man interviewed survivors from the conference, trying to uncover the truth about what happened and its consequences. This novel, by a well-known Argentine writer, explores art, crime and politics.
When Breath Becomes Air, by Paul Kalanithi
At thirty-six, Paul Kalanithi was diagnosed (诊断) with stage IV lung cancer. One day he was a doctor treating the dying, and the next he was a patient. This autobiography finds hope and beauty in the face of death as Kalanithi attempts to answer the question “What makes a life worth living ”.
To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee
Set in a small Alabama town in the 1930s, the story focuses on honest, highly respected lawyer Atticus Finch who puts his career on the line when he agrees to represent Tom Robinson, a black man accused of committing a crime.
Nobody Will Tell You This But Me: A true (as told to me) story by Bess Kalb
Bess Kalb saved every voicemail from her grandmother Bobby Bell who died at ninety. In this book, Bobby is speaking to Bess once more, in a voice as loving as it ever was in life and brings us several generations of brave women. They include Bobby’s mother, who traveled alone from Belarus to America to survive, and Bess’s mother, who always fought against convention.
1. What type of book is the first novel
A. Sci-fi. B. Biography. C. Detective books. D. History books.
2. Which book explores life and death
A. To Kill a Mockingbird
B. When Breath Becomes Air
C. Don’t Shed Your Tears for Anyone Who Lives on These Streets
D. Nobody Will Tell You This But Me: A true (as told to me) story
3. Who is the main character in the last novel
A. Bobby Bell. B. Bess Kalb. C. Bess’s mother. D. Bobby’s mother.
阅读理解篇章（二）
Twenty years ago, I became involved in pet therapy(疗法) work with our Angel. As she matured and went through professional training, we realized that she would be good at this new job.
Angel is ten now and works every week. She visits two hospitals providing day care for the elderly, and our library’s PAWS for Reading program. At the library, six to ten dogs lie on the floor, and the kids pick a book to read to a dog. After they finish, they get a card with the dog’s picture and history. Angel also helps out at a special-needs camp. She is so popular that everywhere we go people recognize her, especially the kids she has worked with.
We have seen some very special things through our pet therapy work. I brought Angel to our local hospital to visit a woman who was completely unable to move the right side of her body from a stroke(中风). One day, my husband, Jack, got Angel up into a chair next to the woman’s bed, asking her if she wanted to give Angel a treat. She nodded. Angel gently took the treat. Then the woman raised her right hand and started petting Angel. Her friend couldn’t believe her eyes.
After that, every time we saw the woman, she lifted her left hand. We’d tell her she had to use her right hand, and she would. Next, you’ll fall in love with this woman’s story of rearing her own Angel later in her family and why she calls it the best decision she ever made.
4. Who is Angel
A. A pet trainer. B. A hospital
C. A therapy dog. D. The author’s kid.
5. What does Angel usually do
A. Save seriously ill people.
B. Pay visits to kids in hospital.
C. Protect the elderly in their homes.
D. Help children at a special camp.
6. Why was the woman’s friend astonished
A The woman moved her right hand.
B. The woman treated Angel.
C. Angel helped the woman recover.
D. Angel got along with the woman.
7. What does the underlined word “rearing” in the last paragraph mean
A. Accompanying. B. Raising.
C. Assisting. D. Training.
阅读理解篇章（三）
Happiness is not a warm phone, according to a new study exploring the link between young life satisfaction and screen time. The study was led by professor of psychology Jean M. Twenge at San Diego State University (SDSU).
To research this link, Twenge, along with colleagues Gabrielle Martin at SDSU and W. Keith Campbell at the University of Georgia, dealt with data from the Monitoring the Future (MtF) study, a nationally representative survey of more than a million U. S. 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-graders. The survey asked students questions about how often they spent time on their Phones, tablets and computers, as well as questions about their face-to-face social interactions and their overall happiness.
On average found that teens who spent more time in front of screen devices — playing computer games, using social media, texting and video chatting — were less happy than those who invested more time in non-screen activities like sports, reading newspapers and magazines, and face-to-face social interactions.
"The key to digital media use and happiness is limited use," Twenge said. "Aim to spend no more than two hours a day on digital media, and try to increase the amount of time you spend seeing friends face-to-face and exercising — two activities reliably linked to greater happiness."
Looking at historical trends from the same age groups since the 1990s, it's easy to find that the increase of screen devices over time happened at the same time as a general drop-off in reported happiness in U. S. teens. Specifically, young peopled life satisfaction and happiness declined sharply after 2012. That's the year when the percentage of Americans who owned a smartphone rose above 50 percent. By far the largest change in teens' lives between 2012 and 2016 was the increase in the amount of time they spent on digital media, and the following decline in in-person social activities and sleep.
8. Which method did Twenge's team use for the study
A. Calculating students' happiness.
B. Asking students certain questions.
C. Analyzing data from a survey.
D. Doing experiments on screen time.
9. How does the author develop the finding of the study in paragraph 3
A. By making a comparison.
B. By giving an example.
C. By making an argument.
D. By introducing a concept.
10. What is the purpose of the last paragraph
A. To draw a conclusion from the study.
B. To offer some advice to the readers.
C. To prove social activities' importance.
D. To support the researchers' finding.
11. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Quitting Phones Equals Happiness
B. Screen Time Should Be Banned
C. Teens' Lives Have Changed Sharply
D. Screen-addicted Teens Are Unhappier
阅读理解篇章（四）
A group of scientists in labs spread across Europe, the U.S. and Nepal have been working on Qomolangma “remotely”. The project’s goal is to turn the world’s highest mountain into a huge climate laboratory.
During April and May last year, a team of more than 30 biologists, glaciologists, geologists, meteorologists, and geographers fanned out across Qomolangma’s southern side, conducting fieldwork high on the mountain. “We believe the best way to get a full scientific picture of Qomolangma is not just to do one kind of science,” says Paul Mayewski of the University of Maine, the leader of the effort.
Each individual study promises a unique picture of the mountain’s climate-past, present, and future. Ice cores will allow scientists to go back in time-tens, hundreds and perhaps thousands of years to learn about the environment. Snow and water samples give a look at what’s happening on the mountain, today, including the future of the glaciers. The team also fixed a network of automated weather stations, which will document upcoming weather trends for years to come.
One of the hardest tasks fell to Mayewski’s colleague Mariusz Potoeki, who hoped to drill ice cores at several places on the mountain, including the South Col (25,938 feet) and the top of Qomolangma (29,035 feet). The job required a specially designed drill system powered by batteries, and an excellent team to figure out how to prevent the cores from becoming liquid during their long journey back to the University of Maine’s laboratory for analysis.
Potocki abandoned his summit attempt due to the crowds of normal climbers. To his relief, Potocki succeeded in taking the highest ice core ever recovered, at just above Camp Four-26,312 feet above sea level. “The ice doesn’t lie.” Mayewski says. “The very idea that the highest part of the planet hasn’t been spared from human activity ought to be a real wake-up call for everybody.”
12. Which way does Paul Mayewski suggest to fully study Qomolangma
A. Working on it remotely in labs. B. Teaming up with more countries.
C. Doing many kinds of science. D. Turning it into a real lab.
13. Why does the team analyze ice cores
A. To document upcoming weather change. B. To get a unique picture of climate trends.
C. To know more about the past environment. D. To predict the future of the mountain.
14. What difficulty did Mariusz Potocki face
A. Improving the special drill system.
B. Drilling the oldest ice cores at some places.
C. Conducting fieldwork above Camp Four.
D. Delivering frozen ice cores to the lab.
15. What can we infer from the last paragraph
A. Potocki got ice cores at 29,035 feet.
B. Human activity has affected Qomolangma.
C. Ice cores can serve as a warning for us.
D. Normal climbers helped with Potocki’s work.
Keys:
阅读理解篇章（一）
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文。作者主要介绍了四本可以在休闲时间阅读的英文书。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一本书简介“In April 1945, Italy, a writer disappeared at a conference and was found dead at another place. Thirty years later, a young man interviewed survivors from the conference, trying to uncover the truth about what happened and its consequences. This novel, by a well-known Argentine writer, explores art, crime and politics.( 1945年4月，意大利一名作家在一次会议上失踪，被发现死在另一个地方。三十年后，一个年轻人采访了会议上的幸存者，试图揭开发生了什么的真相及其后果。这本由阿根廷著名作家写的小说探讨了艺术、犯罪和政治)”可知，这本书讲述了一桩陈年命案的调查故事，是侦探小说。故选C。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据When Breath Becomes Air, by Paul Kalanithi部分中“This autobiography finds hope and beauty in the face of death as Kalanithi attempts to answer the question “What makes a life worth living ”.(这本自传在面对死亡时发现了希望和美丽，卡拉尼蒂试图回答这个问题:“什么让生命值得活下去 ”)”可知，When Breath Becomes Air是一本探讨生命和死亡话题的自传小说。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Bess Kalb saved every voicemail from her grandmother Bobby Bell who died at ninety. In this book, Bobby is speaking to Bess once more, in a voice as loving as it ever was in life and brings us several generations of brave women.( Bess Kalb保存了她九十岁去世的祖母Bobby Bell的每一条语音留言。在这本书中，Bobby再次对Bess说话，用一种一如既往充满爱的声音，向我们呈现了几代勇敢女性的形象)”可知，最后一本小说的主角是Bobby Bell。故选A。
阅读理解篇章（二）
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. A 7. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者的宠物狗Angel帮助有特殊需要的孩子，并帮助病人进行康复治疗。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。由第一段“Twenty years ago, I became involved in pet therapy(疗法) work with our Angel. As she matured and went through professional training, we realized that she would be good at this new job.（20年前，我开始和我们的Angel一起从事宠物治疗工作。随着她的成熟和专业培训，我们意识到她会胜任这份新工作。 ）”可知，Angel参与宠物疗法的相关工作，再结合第二段的“At the library, six to ten dogs lie on the floor, and the kids pick a book to read to a dog.（在图书馆，6到10只狗躺在地板上，孩子们挑选一本书读给狗听。 ）”可推断出，Angel是一只治疗犬。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。由第二段中的“Angel also helps out at a special-needs camp.（Angel还在一个有特殊需要的营地帮忙。）”可知，Angel也经常在营地帮助有特殊需要的儿童。故选D。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I brought Angel to our local hospital to visit a woman who was completely unable to move the right side of her body from a stroke.（我带着Angel到我们当地的医院去看望一位中风后右侧身体完全无法移动的妇女）”可知，这位女士因为中风右半边身体完全瘫痪了，再结合后面的“Then the woman raised her right hand and started petting Angel. Her friend couldn’t believe her eyes.（然后那个女人举起右手，开始抚摸Angel。她的朋友简直不敢相信她的眼睛。）”可知，这位女士的右手居然能动了，这让她的朋友难以置信。故选A。
【7题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段的“Then the woman raised her right hand and started petting Angel.（然后那个女人举起右手，开始抚摸Angel。）”可知，宠物狗Angel对这位女士有很大的精神激励作用，让她做出了本不可能完成的动作，再结合画线词所在句的语境“Next, you’ll fall in love with this woman’s story of rearing her own Angel later in her family and why she calls it the best decision she ever made.（接下来，你会爱上这个女人后来在家里抚养自己的Angel的故事，以及她为什么说这是她做过的最好的决定。）”可知，此处表示这位女士在家里养自己的Angel。因此rear的意思是 “抚养”，即raise，故选B。
阅读理解篇章（三）
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. D 11. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。一项探索年轻人生活满意度和屏幕时间之间关系新研究表明，幸福不是一部温暖的手机，沉迷于屏幕的青少年更不快乐。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“To research this link, Twenge, along with colleagues Gabrielle Martin at SDSU and W. Keith Campbell at the University of Georgia, dealt with data from the Monitoring the Future (MtF) study, a nationally representative survey of more than a million U. S. 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-graders. (为了研究这一联系，特文奇与圣地亚哥州立大学的加布里埃尔·马丁和乔治亚大学的W. Keith Campbell一起处理了来自“监控未来”（MtF）研究的数据，该研究是一项针对超过一百万名美国8年级、10年级和12年级学生的全国代表性调查)”可知，Twenge 的团队通过分析一项调查的数据的方式来进行这项研究。故选C。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“On average found that teens who spent more time in front of screen devices — playing computer games, using social media, texting and video chatting — were less happy than those who invested more time in non-screen activities like sports, reading newspapers and magazines, and face-to-face social interactions. (研究发现，花更多时间在屏幕设备前的青少年——玩电脑游戏、使用社交媒体、发短信和视频聊天——比花更多时间在非屏幕活动（如体育运动、阅读报纸和杂志以及面对面的社会互动）的青少年更不快乐)”可知，作者是通过作比较的方式来阐述研究结果的。故选A。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Looking at historical trends from the same age groups since the 1990s, it's easy to find that the increase of screen devices over time happened at the same time as a general drop-off in reported happiness in U. S. teens. Specifically, young peopled life satisfaction and happiness declined sharply after 2012. (看看自上世纪90年代以来同一年龄组的历史趋势，我们很容易发现屏幕设备随着时间的推移而增加的同时，美国青少年报告的幸福感却普遍下降。尤其是2012年后，年轻人的生活满意度和幸福感急剧下降)”可知，最后一段中的这些内容主要是为支持研究发现服务的。故选D。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Happiness is not a warm phone, according to a new study exploring the link between young life satisfaction and screen time. (一项探索年轻人生活满意度和屏幕时间之间关系的新研究表明，幸福不是一部温暖的手机)”及对研究的具体介绍可知，文章主要介绍了一项研究发现——那些沉迷于电子屏幕的青少年明显更不快乐。故选D。
阅读理解篇章（四）
【答案】12. C 13. C 14. D 15. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。一群科学家在欧洲、美国和尼泊尔的实验室里“远程”研究珠穆朗玛峰，文章介绍了他们研究珠穆朗玛峰的方式以及面临的困难。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中““We believe the best way to get a full scientific picture of Qomolangma is not just to do one kind of science,” says Paul Mayewski of the University of Maine, the leader of the effort. (缅因州大学的Paul Mayewski是这项工作的负责人，他说：“我们相信，要想全面了解珠穆朗玛峰，最好的方法不是只做一种科学”)”可知，Paul Mayewski建议通过做多种科学全面研究珠穆朗玛峰。故选C。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Ice cores will allow scientists to go back in time-tens, hundreds and perhaps thousands of years to learn about the environment. Snow and water samples give a look at what’s happening on the mountain, today, including the future of the glaciers. (冰核将使科学家们能够回到过去——几十年、几百年甚至几千年——来了解当时的环境。雪和水的样本让我们了解了这座山上今天发生的事情，包括冰川的未来)”可知，团队要分析冰核是为了了解更多过去的环境。故选C。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The job required a specially designed drill system powered by batteries, and an excellent team to figure out how to prevent the cores from becoming liquid during their long journey back to the University of Maine’s laboratory for analysis. (这项工作需要一个特别设计的由电池供电的钻孔系统，以及一个优秀的团队来解决如何防止冰核在返回缅因州大学实验室进行分析的漫长旅程中变成液体的问题)”可知，Mariusz Potocki遇到的困难是如何成功地把冰冻的冰核送到实验室。故选D。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中““The ice doesn’t lie.” Mayewski says. “The very idea that the highest part of the planet hasn’t been spared from human activity ought to be a real wake-up call for everybody.”(Mayewski说：“冰不会说谎。地球上海拔最高的地区并未幸免于人类活动的影响，这一想法应该给所有人敲响警钟”)”可推知，人类活动已经影响了珠穆朗玛峰。故选B。
（成都市树德中学高2019级髙三上学期入学考）
A
If you're at the early stages of your career and you're not yet sure the path you want to take but you know you want to help people, you're in the right place. There are so many different ways in which we can have a positive influence through the work we do. So keep reading if you want to learn more about these ways.
Family Social Worker
A family social worker role allows you to work directly with young people and families who are going through challenging situations. It's a job that presents great variety and gives you the opportunity to help people repair damaged situations and relationship breakdowns, supporting everyone involved in the way that's best for them moving forward.
Defense Lawyer
If you have a legal background or it's something you're interested in, entering the field of defense law and helping people who are in need of affordable representation might be the career you're looking for. Lots of people suffer from a lack of adequate legal representation and there are ethical （道德的）lawyers out there who aim to fill that gap for them and provide them with the legal advice and representation they require.
Consultant or Youth Worker
Consulting or youth work is an important field of work, and you can get started on that career path with a degree in consulting. These career paths involve guiding and helping young people who are in need of direct support, and it requires a sympathetic nature and the ability to communicate very well. It's certainly an important and worthwhile line of work to enter.
Dietician or Nutritionist
If you're someone who's interested in health and food, you combine those interests with your desire to help people and pursue a career as a dietician or nutritionist. More and more people are turning to these kinds of specialists in order to live healthier and longer lives. It's a branch of healthcare that's becoming more important and more in demand.
1. What's the purpose of the passage
A. To give job information to people who haven't landed jobs.
B. To instruct people on how to find a career which interest them.
C. To provide career options for people who want to help others.
D. To persuade people to combine work with serving the community.
2. If you prefer to work with young people, which of the following jobs may interest you
A. Family Social Worker and Defense Lawyer.
B Family Social Worker and Consultant or Youth Worker.
C. Consultant or Youth Worker and Dietician or Nutritionist.
D. Defense Lawyer and Dietician or Nutritionist.
3. What will a defense lawyer do
A. Repair damaged situation and relations.
B. Guide people to enter a field of defense law.
C. Fill the gap between the rich and the poor.
D. Provide people with legal representation and advice.
B
Maybe it's because it was our first purchase as homeowners. The salesman must have spotted just how green we were, so he began persuading. And soon he led us to a classic leather chair. All these years later, I remember he used words like rich and handsome, the thing every living room needed.
We believed him. So we bought that chair — just less than $100, a great deal in the 1970s for a young couple!
How we loved that chair! It always occupied a place of honor in our various living rooms, moving with us from our first tiny house to our beloved new house.
Somehow, conversations were better on that chair, and life was more fun around it. Three daughters spilled their secrets on it. Old friends seemed to be attracted by it on those wonderful occasions. Crazy as it sounds, that leather chair seemed to have — well, powers. All for good.
At first, we didn't really care that the leather was showing signs of wear or that it had lost its sheen (光泽). But in our most recent move, when the chair was moved in our new living room, it suddenly looked terribly lonely sitting close to newly painted walls and a couple of shiny new tables.
My husband and I tried but still we couldn't ignore the rough spots. Our chair had a skin disease. Even our adult kids raised eyebrows, urging us to at least remove the chair to some dark comer of the room. Neither of us could imagine such a retirement for it.
So we had an inspired idea. We'd call in an upholsterer (修理工) to give our old chair a whole new life. Our friend Joe studied the chair and then took out a simple leather conditioner. He explained that although it wouldn't work miracles, it would definitely get our weary chair looking younger again. It certainly doesn't look new, but its seat and back are shining, and some of its deeper wrinkles have lightened.
Best of all, it's back in the living room, looking like a wise old friend to the furniture around it. And, yes, there it will stay.
Because some things, like some people, just deserve a happy old age.
4. How did the salesman persuade the author into buying the chair
A. By thinking highly of the author.
B. By saying that the author was green.
C. By describing how great the chair was.
D. By comparing the chair with others.
5. What is the fourth paragraph mainly about
A. Sweet memories with the chair.
B. Various functions of the chair.
C. People's comments on the chair.
D. Family activities and parties of friends.
6. Why did the author finally decide to repair the chair
A. Because he was persuaded by Joe.
B. Because he didn't have enough money.
C. Because it showed signs of hardness.
D. Because it couldn't match his new house.
7. What can we learn from the text
A. East or west, home is best. B. From saving comes having.
C. It is never too late to mend. D. Old friends and wine are best.
C
Life can be so wonderful, full of adventure and joy. It can also be full of challenges, setbacks and heartbreaks. Whatever our circumstances, we generally still have dreams, hopes and desires—that little something more we want for ourselves and our loved ones. Yet knowing we can have more can also create a problem, because when we go to change the way we do things, up come the old patterns and pitfalls that stopped us from seeking what we wanted in the first place.
This tension between what we feel we can have and "what were seemingly able to have is the niggling suffering, the anxiety we feel. This is where we usually think it's easier to just give up. But we're never meant to let go of the part of us that knows we can have more. The intelligence behind that knowing is us—the real us. It's the part that believes in life and its possibilities. If you drop that, you begin to feel a little "dead" inside because you're dropping "you".
So, if we have this capability but somehow life seems to keep us stuck, how do we break these patterns
Decide on a new course and make one decision at a time. This is good advice for a new adventure or just getting through today's challenges.
While, deep down, we know we can do it, our mind—or the minds of those close to us—usually says we can't.
That isn't a reason to stop, it's just the mind, that little man or woman on your shoulder, trying to talk you out of something again. It has done it many times before. It's all about starting simple and doing it now.
Decide and act before overthinking. When you do this you may feel a little, or large, release from the jail of your mind and you'll be on your way.
8. It can be inferred from the first two paragraphs that we should .
A. slow down and live a simple life
B be careful when we choose to change
C. stick to our dreams under any circumstances
D. be content with what we already have
9. What is the key to breaking the old patterns
A. To focus on every detail.
B. To decide and take immediate action.
C. To listen to those close to us.
D. To think twice before we act.
10. Which of the following best explains the underlined part in the last paragraph
A. Escape from your punishment
B. Realization of your dreams.
C. Freedom from your tension.
D. Reduction of your expectations.
11. What does the author intend to tell us
A. It's easier than we think to get what we want.
B. It's important to learn to accept sufferings in life.
C. It's impractical to change our way of thinking.
D. It's harder than we expect to follow a new course.
D
To look inside an ant nest is to meet with an alien civilization. The boiling mass of worker ants beneath an upturned stone is both strangely reminiscent of (联想到) human society and strikingly different. There is an organization that fascinates us and a long line of myrmecophiles (or ant lovers) leads back all the way to King Solomon, who in fact advised people to “go to the ant, consider her ways and be wise”. This was exactly the inspiration behind Planet Ant, a TV program showcasing what we know about the kingdom of ants, and what ants can teach us about the human world.
Like us, ants build structures, find food, defend their societies and manage waste, and-also like us-they must be well organized. For example, the leaf-cutting ants of Planet Ant have special waste disposal areas for storing harmful waste and a team of “waste-disposal ants” dedicated to keeping the nest clean. But ants achieve this familiar final result in a very different way to humans. Human societies have centralized control. In other words, someone tells us what to do. Ants, on the other hand, have decentralized control and neither the queen nor any other ant directs work. Ant workers are the final self-starters, following specific, but potentially flexible, rules in certain situations.
Chemical trails underpin much of this self-organization. Foragers (觅食者) lay a mix of chemicals known as trail pheromone (信息素) behind them as they walk. Other ants follow the trail and if they find food they reinforce it, laying more pheromone as they return to the nest. Stronger trails are more likely to be followed, so trails leading to food become progressively reinforced, while trails with no food at the end fade away.
This combination of positive feedback and evaporation (蒸发) produces an effective foraging system that is very good at finding the quickest routes to food. This simple guiding principle, and others like it, have provided some useful solutions to the complex problems faced by engineers, computer scientists and businesses.
12. Why does the author mention King Solomon in the first paragraph
A. To provide a background. B. To show admiration for him.
C. To stress the wisdom of ants. D. To explain an abstract theory.
13. How do ants behave while performing tasks
A. They get orders from their partners. B. They choose to do only routine tasks.
C. They strictly follow the queen’s orders. D. They follow their own senses and certain rules.
14. What does the underlined word “underpin” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Decide. B. Support. C. Develop. D. Calculate.
15. What information can we get about trail pheromone from the text
A. It comes from the food resources. B. It appears before ants’ self-organization.
C. It leads the following ants to food. D. It helps ants find their way back home.
Keys:
A
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文，本文针对想找一份自己喜欢的工作，同时愿意给别人提供帮助、服务于社会的人，主要介绍了四种职业。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If you're at the early stages of your career and you're not yet sure the path you want to take but you know you want to help people, you're in the right place. There are so many different ways in which we can have a positive influence through the work we do. So keep reading if you want to learn more about these ways.（如果你刚刚开始你的职业生涯，你还不确定你想要走的道路，但你知道你想要帮助别人，你就在正确的地方。我们有很多不同的方式可以通过我们的工作产生积极的影响。所以，如果你想了解更多这些方法，请继续阅读。）”可知，文章主要是为那些想帮助别人的人提供职业选择。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“A family social worker role allows you to work directly with young people and families who are going through challenging situations.（家庭社会工作者的角色可以让你直接与正在经历挑战的年轻人和家庭一起工作。）”和第四段“These career paths involve guiding and helping young people who are in need of direct support（这些职业道路包括指导和帮助需要直接支持的年轻人）”可知，Family Social Worker and Consultant or Youth Worker这两种职业需要跟年轻人打交道，故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Lots of people suffer from a lack of adequate legal representation and there are ethical lawyers out there who aim to fill that gap for them and provide them with the legal advice and representation they require.（许多人因缺乏足够的法律代表而受苦，有道德的律师致力于填补这一空白，为他们提供他们需要的法律建议和代表。）”可知，辩护律师为人们提供法律代理和建议。故选D。
B
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. D 7. D
【解析】
【分析】文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是一把一直跟随作者一家的椅子，它从崭新变得老旧，从小房子里到大房子里，再到他们决定翻修它的经过。由此感叹，一些东西，就像一些人，值得拥有一个快乐的晚年。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。由第一段And soon he led us to a classic leather chair. All these years later, I remember he used words like rich and handsome, the thing every living room needed.可知，销售员把我们带到一把经典的皮革椅子那儿。这些年，作者一直记得他用得的词语，比如富贵、帅气、每个歌厅都需要等。所以销售员是用通过描述椅子的出众来劝作者够买的。故选C。
【5题详解】
主旨大意题。由第四段conversations were better on that chair, and life was more fun around it.可知，那把椅子上的对话都是快乐围绕的，所以与椅子有关的一切都是甜蜜的回忆。故选A。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。由第五段But in our most recent move, when the chair was moved in our new living room, it suddenly looked terribly lonely sitting close to newly painted walls and a couple of shiny new tables.可知，在最近一次搬家后，当椅子被搬到新的起居室后，在新墙壁和闪亮的新家具中，它看起来非常孤单。由第六段Even our adult kids raised eyebrows, urging us to at least remove the chair to some dark comer of the room. Neither of us could imagine such a retirement for it.可知，作者成年的孩子都皱眉了，督促他至少把椅子搬到黑暗的角落去，而他们都不想椅子就这样退休。由此可知，因为椅子老旧不合时宜了，他们才最终决定要修理它。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。由最后一段Because some things, like some people, just deserve a happy old age.可知，一些东西，就像一些人，值得拥有一个快乐的晚年。由此可知，陈酒味醇，老友情深。故选D。
C
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，人生充满了挑战和乐趣，同时也充满了挑战和挫折、心碎。但是不管情况怎么样，我们仍然有梦想和希望。然而知道我们可以拥有更多也是一个问题，因为那会改变我们做事的方式，会阻止我们在第一时间去追求我们想要的东西。作者认为如果我们遇到挫折，那就重新选择目标，并且迅速作出决定。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段第三句Whatever our circumstances, we generally still have dreams, hopes and desires说不管在什么情况下，我们仍然要有梦想、希望和欲望。以及第二段最后一句If you drop that, you begin to feel a little "dead" inside because you're dropping "you".如果你放弃了，你的内在会变得了无生机，因为你放下了你自己。所以从前两段可以推断，在任何情况下我们都应该坚持我们的梦想。故选C
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段第一句Decide on a new course and make one decision at a time.可以知道为了打破旧格局需要决定一个新目标并且立刻做出决定。故选B
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Decide and act before overthinking可知” 在过多思考之前快速决定和行动。这样才能从过多考虑的焦虑中解放自己。所以可以推测这个划线句子是指“要从过多考虑的焦虑中解放自己”。故选C
【11题详解】
推理判断题。文章开头部分讲到生活中有很多人遇到挫折后往往会放弃他们所追求的东西，但作者鼓励我们不要放弃，通过一些简单的做法就可以改变这一消极想法。因此可以判断出，作者想告诉我们得到我们想要的东西比我们想象的要容易。故选A项。
D
【答案】12. C 13. D 14. B 15. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了蚂蚁充满智慧的工作方式，这种工作方式为人类提供了很多灵感。
【12题详解】
目的意图题。根据第一段第三句中的“go to the ant, consider her ways and be wise”（去看看蚂蚁，想想她的方式，然后变得有智慧）可知，作者在第一段提到了所罗门王是为了强调蚂蚁的智慧。故选C。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“Ants, on the other hand, have decentralized control and neither the queen nor any other ant directs work. Ant workers are the final self-starters, following specific, but potentially flexible, rules in certain situations.”（另一方面，蚂蚁的控制是分散的，既不是蚁后也不是其他蚂蚁指挥工作。蚂蚁工作者是最