(共20张PPT)
名 词
词汇运用
考点 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017
名词 3个(1个变形，2个不变形) 5个(2个变形，3个不变形) 4个(2个变形，2个不变形) 5个(1个变形，4个不变形) 5个(4个变形，1个不变形)
动词 4个(都变形：send，discuss，cook，support) 3个(都变形：choose，eat，smell) 3个(都变形：plant，waste，join) 3个(1个变形，2个不变形) 4个(2个变形，2个不变形)
形容词 2个(1个变形，1个不变形) 3个(1个变形，2个不变形) 3个(1个变形，2个不变形) 3个(1个变形，2个不变形) 3个(1个变形，2个不变形)
连词 － 1个(although/though) 2个 (since，however) － －
副词 2个(still，actively) 1个(recently) 1个(proudly) 2个(really，loudly/ aloud) 2个(probably，hardly)
代词 2个(hers，themselves) 1个(myself) － － －
介词 1个(except) 1个(between) 1个(above) 1个(along) 1个(beside)
数词 1个(hundred) － 1个(five) 1个 (变形：twelve) －
变形数 7 6 6 5 7
词汇运用
分析温州近几年中考真题可知，词汇运用这一块主要由两个题型组成：方框选词和根据汉语写单词。此题考点主要分布在动词(时态、语态、人称、非谓语动词)、名词(复数)、形容词(比较级)、副词(形容词变副词)，而连词、代词、介词、数词相对较少，且基本不用变化，直接填写即可。
答题技巧指导
1.单词的填空和拼写不只是简单意义上的写单词，而应注意把它放入句子中加以理解、转化和运用，根据句子的需要填入其适当的形式。
2.记单词要注意把单词的音、形、义相结合。不仅仅是词形，还要注意它的固定搭配和特殊用法，这样就能准确地记住并熟练地运用它。
3.单词的拼写也是有规律可循的。记单词要有方法，不能机械地去记忆，首先要读准单词，根据单词的读音规则去记。如：开闭音节、字母组合发音的规则，这是记准单词的重要方法之一。
4.英语和汉语一样都有一词多义的现象，记单词时一定要记清词义，记准词形，还要注意与汉语意思的差别。
如：How long do you spend reading English every day？你每天花多少时间读英语？
答题技巧指导
一、词汇运用题中词的变化形式。
1.名词的形式有单数、复数、单数所有格和复数所有格。
如：some watches一些手表
my mother's book我妈妈的书
Teachers' Day教师节
2.动词的形式有原形、不定式、现在分词、第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词。
如：Let's go home.让我们回家吧。
He is writing now.他正在写。
He enjoys watching TV.他喜欢看电视。
答题技巧指导
He finished his homework and went home.他完成作业回家了。
Have you heard from him？你收到他的来信了吗？
English is spoken all over the world.全世界(的人们)都在说英语。
3.形容词和副词有三种形式：原形、比较级形式和最高级形式，还要注意形容词和副词之间的转化。
如：She was even angrier.她甚至更生气了。
He said angrily，“Don't do it again.” 他生气地说：“不要再这样做了。”
4.数词基本的形式有基数词和序数词，还要注意once，twice的用法。
如：Tom is the second tallest boy in my class.汤姆是我班上个子第二高的男孩。
He has two brothers.他有两个兄弟。
He has been there twice.他曾去过那儿两次。
答题技巧指导
5.代词有五种形式，即人称代词主格、人称代词宾格、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词和反身代词。
如：I'm in trouble.Please help me.我有麻烦，请帮帮我。
This is not my book.Mine is over there.这不是我的书。我的在那边。
I bought a skirt for myself.我给自己买了条裙子。
二、注意单词的大小写形式。
要记住单词位于句首时，首字母要大写。
【典例分析】(2021温州)
A.用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。每词限用一次。
she，send，except，December，successful
41.I won't forget the sudden snow in Wenzhou last .
42.Every dancer was in white Jane，the lead dancer，who wore red.
43.Betty doubted if the watch was when she saw the Lost and Found notice.
44.John thinks The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is novel among Mark Twain's works.
45.Mr Smith called his wife，“Honey，a package to you in an hour.Happy birthday！”
41.December 【解析】句意：我不会忘记去年12月温州突然下起的雪。根据“last”及空格的位置，可判断这是一个时间状语，备选词December“十二月份”符合语境，故填December。
42.except 【解析】句意：所有的舞者都穿白色，除了领舞的简穿红色。根据“Every dancer was in white”及“the lead dancer，who wore red”可知，除了领舞穿红色，其他舞者都穿白色，用except表示“除了……之外”，故填except。
43.hers 【解析】句意：当贝蒂看到失物招领单时，她怀疑这块表是不是她的。根据“Betty doubted if the watch was…”及备选词可知，怀疑是不是她的手表，用名词性物主代词hers表示“她的手表”，故填hers。
44.the most successful 【解析】句意：约翰认为《汤姆·索亚历险记》是马克·吐温最成功的小说。比较范围“among Mark Twain's works”是三者以上的比较，要用形容词最高级，此空应用备选词successful的最高级most successful，形容词最高级前要加冠词the，故填the most successful。
45.will be sent 【解析】句意：史密斯先生给他的妻子打电话：“亲爱的，一个小时后有个包裹会寄给你。生日快乐！”。根据“a package…to you in an hour”可知，此处表示寄包裹给你，主语package与动词send之间是被动关系，“in an hour”是一般将来时提示词，故此处应用一般将来时被动语态will be done的结构，故填will be sent。
B.根据短文内容和所给中文提示，用单词的正确形式完成以下短文。
Until recently，Ajayi had never gone to school.Now fifty，she attends a school in Ilorin Nigeria，wearing the same pink dress as two 46. (百)other girls at the school.She studies with the students nearly forty years younger than she is.
Ajayi runs her 47. (自己的)business making and selling bags，but she believes it is 48. (仍然) necessary for her to learn to read and write.
In class，she answers questions 49. (积极).She plays，talks and
50. (讨论)together with her classmates.
She is good at 51. (烹饪).Children all like the food she makes.They enjoy 52. (她们自己)at school.
Ajayi's 53. (女儿) used to feel embarrassed about their mother's attending school with children.But now，they choose 54. (支持)her efforts.
She plans to continue her 55. (教育)for four more years，saying it will help her business.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，向我们介绍阿加伊虽然已经50岁，但是为了提升自己，她仍然选择去上学的故事。
46.hundred 【解析】句意：现年50岁的她在尼日利亚伊洛林的一所学校上学，和学校里的其他200名女孩一样穿着粉红色的裙子。hundred百，此前有two修饰，使用基数词原形即可，故填hundred。
47.own 【解析】句意：阿加伊自己经营制作和销售包的生意，但她认为学习读写仍然是必要的。own自己的，one's own某人自己的，故填own。
48.still 【解析】句意：阿加伊自己经营制作和销售包的生意，但她认为学习读写仍然是必要的。still仍然，副词作状语，故填still。
49.actively 【解析】句意：在课堂上，她积极地回答问题。active积极的，在句中修饰动词answers，用副词形式，故填actively。
50.discusses 【解析】句意：她和同学们一起玩，一起说话，一起讨论。discuss讨论，本句时态是一般现在时，主语是she，动词用三单，故填discusses。
51.cooking 【解析】句意：她擅长烹饪。cook烹饪，be good at doing sth.擅长做某事，动名词作宾语，故填cooking。
52.themselves 【解析】句意：她们在学校玩得很开心。themselves她们自己，enjoy oneself玩得开心，故填themselves。
53.daughters 【解析】句意：阿加伊的女儿们曾经因为母亲和孩子一起上学而感到尴尬。daughter女儿，根据“their”可知，表示复数含义，故填daughters。
54.to support 【解析】句意：但是现在，她们选择支持她的努力。support支持，choose to do sth.选择做某事，动词不定式作宾语，故填to support。
55.education 【解析】句意：她计划继续学习四年，说这对她的生意有帮助。education教育，不可数名词，作宾语，故填education。
【先悟后练】(2021年浙江省乐清市初中升学适应性测试)
A.用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。
unless，except，two，join，company
1.Please ask Susan for more information，for she has been to London so far.
2.On Saturday morning，every boy in the village was happy， Tom Sawyer.
3.In the concert，someone begins to clap and soon everyone in.
4.Jerry hasn't got any hobbies— you call watching TV a hobby.
5.To create a greener environment，a growing number of are working on the production of electric cars.
twice
except
joins
unless
companies
B.根据短文内容和所给中文提示，用单词的正确形式完成以下短文。
Last summer I had the most amazing experience in my life.My dad was sent to a small 6. (城镇) called Gaviotas in Colombia.As it was the school holidays，he decided to take me with him.But what was so special about Gaviotas？
Gaviotas was one of the 7. (例子) of how people could live without destroying the environment.It 8. (建立) in 1971 by a group of scientists and artists.
The journey there was quite an adventure.It seemed to take 9. (永远)，but when we arrived，I was amazed by how green it was and my dad
town
examples
was founded/was built
forever
explained that they had replanted 10. (百万)of trees and created a whole new forest.There were birds 11. (飞)about and flowers everywhere.
My guide Ricardo pointed out to me all the 12. (魔法般的) technology that had been invented there.I was told that they produce 70% of all their own energy and food，but very little waste.What's more，the technology is used in several other places in central and southern America and it's free.Gaviotas is a model for how people can live a 13. (舒适的) life together than now.Every family gets a free home，free meals and free schooling for the children.Guns are not allowed and 14. (也不) are dogs.People just have to get on with each other.
millions
flying
magical/magic
more comfortable
neither/nor
I was really sad to leave Gaviotas，15. (尤其) as Dad won't be going there again for years.Still，I made a new friend and now I have a new dream： hope that,20 years from now，we'll all be living in places like Gaviotas.
especially(共32张PPT)
名 词
阅读理解
命题角度 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017
话题 广告图表 A篇 A篇 － A篇 －
事物介绍 B篇 B篇 A篇 B篇 B篇
普通人物故事 D篇 D篇 D篇 D篇 D篇
健康生活 C篇 － － C篇 A篇
百科知识 － － B篇 － C篇
新型科技 － C篇 C篇 － －
阅读理解
文体 A篇 说明文 应用文 说明文 应用文 说明文
B篇 说明文 说明文 说明文 说明文 说明文
C篇 说明文 说明文 说明文 说明文 说明文
D篇 记叙文 记叙文 记叙文 记叙文 记叙文
阅读理解
分析温州近几年的中考真题可知，阅读理解的考查特点主要有：
1.文体方面：A篇为应用文或说明文，以图表为主，主要是广告宣传类或事物介绍类文章； B篇为说明文，主要是事物介绍类文章；C篇以说明文为主，主要是科普类文章；D篇以记叙文为主，主要是人物经历、日常生活类文章。
2.话题方面：主要以介绍类、故事类、日常生活类为主。
3.词数：(1)A篇词数通常在90～180之间；(2)B、C、D三篇词数通常在240～350之间，300词左右的居多。
阅读理解
4.考点：(1)A篇阅读：3个小题(2道细节题、1道推理判断题/细节理解题)；B、C、D三篇阅读：细节理解题(3～5道)；推理判断题(2～4道)；词义猜测题、代词指代题、段落大意题、主旨大意题、标题概括题；另外，D篇阅读最后1小题为开放性试题，以回答问题的形式设题，这就要求考生在理解文章大意的基础上，结合自身生活经验来解答该小题。
答题技巧指导
1.词义猜测题
此类试题测试考生根据上下文理解推测并判断该词或句子在文章中的确切含义的能力。
词义猜测题的解题技巧为：
(1)判断某些生词有没有猜测的必要。
(2)根据定义、解释来猜测。
如：A calendar is a timetable of the days，weeks，months of a certain year.
从所下的定义a timetable of the days，weeks，months of a certain year中
可以猜出calendar的意思为“日历”。
答题技巧指导
(3)根据构词法中的派生、合成、转化来猜测。
如：When a wise person misuses his wisdom，he will do a great harm to society.
我们都知道use的意思是“使用”，mis-是否定前缀，所以可猜出该词的意思为“误用”。
(4)根据同义词、反义词关系或对比、转折关系来猜测。
如：Unlike his brother，who is a handsome man，John is quite homely.
从unlike可看出John和他哥哥(弟弟)正好相反，他哥哥(弟弟)是用handsome 来形容的，由此可猜出homely的意思是“不好看的”。
答题技巧指导
(5)根据同位语关系来猜测。
如：Alexander Graham Bell was born in 1847 in Edinburgh，Scotland.His father is an expert in phonetics，the study of the sounds of language.
由phonetics的同位语从句the study of the sounds of language可猜出该词的意思为“语音学”。
(6)根据因果关系来猜测。
如：She felt grieved，for her parents both died weeks ago.
由该词后的原因状语从句for her parents both died weeks ago可猜出该词的
意思为“悲痛的”。
答题技巧指导
(7)根据上下文线索猜测。
如：The lack of movement caused the muscles(肌肉) to weaken.Sometimes the weakness was permanent.So the player could never play the sport again.
由上文The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken可知，运动的缺乏导致肌肉萎缩，以及下文So the player could never play the sport again知道，这位运动员再也无法做运动了，因此可以猜出permanent的意思为“永久的，永恒的”。
答题技巧指导
(8)根据生活常识和经验来猜测。
如：In old days，when girls from rich families were married to their husbands，they expected to bring with themselves with a large amount of dowry.
上文提到了girls from rich families were married to their husbands可猜出，来自富有家庭的女孩要出嫁，她们当然希望带上大量的“嫁妆”。
答题技巧指导
2.细节理解题
此类题就是我们常见的wh- 题，有些问题可以在文中直接找到答案，有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化理解后才能找到，比如说通过计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。具体方法为：先用寻读法找出与问题相关的词语或句子，再对相关的部分进行细读，找出正确答案。
细节理解题的解题技巧为：
(1)直接事实题：解答此类问题时要求抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。
答题技巧指导
(2)间接事实题：解答此类题需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断，梳理一下文章的脉络，找出支持每个现象的句子。所以做间接事实题时，A、B、C、D四个选项要全看。通常以下列形式出现：
①Which of the following is TRUE？
②Which of the following is NOT true？
③Which of the following is WRONG？
④From the passage we know .
答题技巧指导
3.推理判断题
此类题要求考生透过表面文字信息去推测文章隐含的意义，检测考生的逻辑判断能力。考生要领会材料的抽象含义以及全篇的逻辑关系，并根据常识，或者依靠推理、判断得出结论。通常以这样的形式出现：What can you infer from the passage？
推理判断题的解题技巧为：
(1)根据词义关系推断具体细节，要对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事、以偏概全。
答题技巧指导
(2)根据文章的内容，进行合理的判断，切忌根据自己的观点或已有的经验去揣测。
(3)把握作者的观点、态度或写作的目的，借助上下文，领会“弦外之音”，避免“自己想当然”。
4.主旨大意题
此类题用来检测考生是否拥有掌握阅读材料的主旨或大意的能力。通常以下列形式出现：
①The main idea of the passage is .
②The passage is about .
答题技巧指导
③What is the best title of the passage？
④What's the writer's purpose of writing this article？
⑤Which may be the best title for the passage？
主旨大意题的解题技巧为：
(1)首先要清楚是问某一段还是全文的大意。可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。
(2)如有标题，标题中所蕴含的信息往往是关键信息；同时也要关注文章的首尾(那往往是文章的主题句)，或每段的首句(那往往是该段的主题句)。
答题技巧指导
(3)任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫主题词。抓住了它也就抓住了文章的中心。
(4)学会捕捉作者的态度、意图，即通常所谓“弦外之音，言外之意”，从而了解作者写这篇文章的目的所在。总之，做阅读题要记得：一读，二找，三思，四查。
答题技巧指导
5.文章结构题
常见提问方式：
①How is the passage organised？
②Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage？
③The author develops the passage mainly by...
文章结构题的解题技巧为：
(1)注意主题段。主题段通常在文章的开头，简要概括了文章的中心思想。
(2)找出或者总结每段的主题句。主题句可能在段落的开头，也可能出现在段落的中间或末尾。如何确定主题句的方法见上面第4点。
答题技巧指导
(3)最后根据每段主题确定段与段之间的结构关系，承上启下，使文章行文连贯、逻辑严密。为突出主题，作者可能采用不同的写作手法来组织文章，通过举例、比较、类比等手法来透彻阐明主题观点。
【典例分析】(2021台州)
Marianne Carus，who started Cricket(蟋蟀)magazine in 1973 and served as Editor-in-Chief(总主编)until 2012，died on 3 March at the age of 92 this year.
Marianne believed that “only the best of the best is good enough for the young.” In Cricket，children would find wonderful stories with beautiful art，and be encouraged by ideas in the humanities and sciences.Marianne looked for stories from around the world to awaken admiration for different peoples and cultures.Most important，Cricket would never talk down to children.
Marianne knew that children were filled with fun，and she wanted Cricket to be too—“humour from the heart that makes you laugh out loud.” And so，she named her literary magazines after a funny group of bugs(虫子)，such as Lady bug and Spider.
Over the years，Cricket has been read by millions of children and given many writers and artists their start. Marianne kept a special box of “love letters” to the magazine.She treasured these letters from Cricket readers，including long-ago readers.They told her that their interest in reading had begun with Cricket.
▲ She considered other names，such as Troubadour or Taliesin，the singers and storytellers of old who travelled from one place to another to share their songs and stories.Then，one night，she was reading Isaac Bashevi Singer's memoir(回忆录)A Day of Pleasure，about his childhood in Warsaw.In it he wrote：“There was a stove in Shosha's apartment behind which there lived a cricket.It chirped the nights through all winter long I imagined the cricket was telling a story that would never end.” That's exactly what Marianne wanted her children's magazine to do—to tell stories that would never end！ So the name Cricket became her best choice.
Thank you for everything，Marianne.May the stories，and the laughter，never end！
19.Cricket is a magazine most probably for .
A.writer B.children C.artists D.teachers
20.According to the passage，Marianne .
A.made an effort to find the best stories
B.raised many bugs as her pets
C.replied to long-ago Cricket readers
D.started Cricket 39 years ago
21.Which of the following can be the best to fill in “ ▲ ” in Paragraph 5？
A.How was the life of crickets？
B.When was the magazine Cricket born？
C.What did Marianne think of crickets？
D.Why did Marianne name her magazine Cricket？
22.The best title for the passage can probably be .
A.The Life of a Cricket
B.Admiration for Different Cultures
C.Best Stories for the Young
D.Achievements in Marianne's Life
【文章大意】本文主要讲述了Marianne一生最大的成就，详细介绍了她创办《蟋蟀》杂志的事情。
19.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据“In Cricket，children would find wonderful stories with beautiful art，and be encouraged by ideas in the humanities and sciences.”可知，《蟋蟀》是一本最适合孩子们阅读的杂志。故选B。
20.A【解析】细节理解题。根据“Marianne looked for stories from around the world to awaken admiration for different peoples and cultures.”句意Marianne寻找世界各地的故事来唤起人们对不同民族和文化的敬佩可知，Marianne努力寻找全世界最优秀的故事。故选A。
21.D 【解析】词句猜测题。下文“She considered other names，such as Troubadour or Taliesin，…That's exactly what Marianne wanted her children's magazine to do—to tell stories that would never end！ So the name Cricket became her best choice.”主要介绍了给杂志起名为蟋蟀的原因，可知D选项“为什么Marianne把她的杂志命名为《蟋蟀》？”符合题意。故选D。
22.D 【解析】标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了Marianne一生最大的成就，详细介绍了她创办《蟋蟀》杂志的事情。因此D选项“Marianne的人生成就”符合题意。故选D。
【先悟后练】(2021嘉兴市南湖区初中毕业生学业考试适应性测试)
Once there was a milkman named Deenu.He had built his small house far away from his village in the woods.He preferred the quietness of the woods to the noisy village.
Deenu was an honest man.He treated every person fairly，but sometimes he got cheated(欺骗).He thought the world was full of evil spirits.
One evening，Deenu was returning home after selling milk in the village.He saw an old man sitting under a tree thinking，so he walked up quietly.
“Can I help you？” the man asked with his eyes closed.
“Yes，I want to know how to change the world.Everything in nature is so beautiful，but there are so many bad people who only care about themselves.What can I do？” Deenu said.
The man smiled and said，“I can see that you are a responsible man.Answer a few questions first.Did you smile at all the customers who came to buy your milk today？”
“Sometimes，but not all，” Deenu replied.
“When you smiled，did they smile back？” the man asked.
“Yes，they were very nice people.”
“For those people you don't like，did you show them a smile first？”
“Not really—why should I？” Deenu asked.
“What if you gave them a smile as well？”
“Well，they…they might smile back，” Deenu said.
“That's it.If you really want to do something for the world，you can start with yourself.You can't determine how other people think or act，but you can decide what you do，” the old man said patiently.
This made sense to Deenu.He thanked the man and walked home as a wiser man.He changed the way in which he saw the world.
1.What do we know about the milkman？
A.He lived in a small house in the village.
B.He loved the quietness of the village.
C.He didn't have a job and hung out all day.
D.He thought the world was not so pleasant.
D
2.What happened to the milkman that evening？
A.He was cheated by some bad people.
B.He smiled at everybody he met.
C.He met an old man and talked with him.
D.He didn't smile at those he disliked.
C
3.What does the underlined sentence mean？
A.Deenu became more confused.
B.Deenu disagreed with the old man.
C.Deenu realised he needn't change.
D.Deenu understood and accepted the old man's idea.
D
4.What was the old man's suggestion？
A.Stay away from bad men.
B.Being a patient man is not hard.
C.Changing the world starts with oneself.
D.Caring less about others will make you happy.
C(共27张PPT)
第34讲 完形填空
名 词
完形填空
命题角度 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017
文体 记叙文 记叙文 记叙文 记叙文 记叙文
话题 生活故事 生活故事 日常生活 日常生活 生活故事
段落 12 14 10 10 7
词数 360 230 315 332 306
考点 名词 2 3 3 3 3
实义动词 3 4 3 3 3
形容词（短语） 3 3 2 3 3
副词 2 1 2 4 1
代词 2 1 2 1 1
连词 1 1 1 － 1
介词（短语） － 1 1 － 1
形容词最高级 － － － － －
名 词
完形填空
动词短语 1 1 1 1 1
宾语从句引导词 1 － － － 1
定语从句关系词 － － － － －
情态动词 － － － － －
考点
完形填空这一题型主要考查考生对基础知识的掌握程度和其阅读水平，其中包括对词汇的掌握能力，对习惯用法、语法及句型的运用，以及对文章句子、主旨大意的理解能力。分析温州近几年的中考真题可知，该题型体裁多为记叙文，话题主要为有教育意义的故事，包含情感故事、哲理故事、人物经历等，词数通常在300左右，目的在于让学生领会其中的正能量和积极意义。在考点分布上，以考查实词为主，虚词为辅，主要包括名词、动词(短语)、形容词(短语)、副词、连词、代词、介词(短语)等。
完形填空
1.突破首句，获取尽可能多的信息。
重视首句、突破首句。完形填空题所选用短文的第一句话通常是不设空的，目的是给考生一个整体印象，同时提示短文的中心内容或提供故事发生的时间、地点、背景等。
2.通读全文，把握文章的基本脉络。
做完形填空题应着眼于语篇理解，因为完形填空题中干扰项的设置极具迷惑性，如果操之过急，见空就填，可能会“只见树木，不见森林”。因此，正确的做法是先快速浏览全文，理清文章脉络，掌握文章大意，了解作者意图，为下一步去逐个解题寻找判断的依据。同时，通读全文也解决
答题技巧指导
了那些需要通过上下文或联系语篇语境的题目。
为了快速浏览全文，掌握大意，在阅读过程中要特别注意文章和段落的首尾句，因为这些句子往往就是整个篇章或段落的主题思想。它还能让你很快了解文章的体裁、形式、涉及的内容及作者的意图。获得这些重要信息，对接下来的做题至关重要。
3.研读全文，初步确定答案。
掌握了文章的大意后，就为进一步做题奠定了基础。这时应细读全文，按照文章内容的前后顺序并结合备选答案，边读边分析，推断正确选项。同时，对试题的测试部分(即文中空格)要进行认真分析。一般的设空词有
答题技巧指导
语用固定型和语境逻辑型两大类。语用固定型题目一般是较为常见的语法结构、词汇及习语等，这部分试题可先行解决。在先行解决一部分试题后，部分语句已经通畅，也就有了更为完整的信息，这有助于进一步了解语篇及作者意图。再经过对已知信息的分析、推理，语境逻辑型试题也会迎刃而解。
当然，在做题过程中也会出现一部分题目的四个选项填到空格中时，每一个单独的语句都是符合语法规则的情况，这时考生就应该利用已知信息，挖掘深层含义，联系上下文，根据文章的主旨和语境要求，把握词义的细微差别，排除干扰项。
?
答题技巧指导
4.复读全文，全面验证答案。
填完空格后，重读全文，这也是解题过程中至关重要的一环。此时考生对文章已经有了一个相对完整的了解，对文章的理解也更进了一步，也就摸清了文章内在发展的逻辑关系。而如果在此时再读一遍文章，就有可能会发现一些其他原来没有注意到的问题，同时根据对语篇的理解及内在的联系，反复推敲、比较异同，从中选择一个最符合文章意义的答案。
答题技巧指导
典例分析
【典例分析】(2021金华)
As the students entered the classroom，they could all tell something was wrong.Their 16 teacher was crying.Tom was the first to ask if there was anything they could do.
“Everything is fine，Tom，” Mrs Williams tried to 17 as she spoke.“I've just lost something important，and I don't think I can find it.”
“What did you 18 ？” Mike asked.“Maybe we can help you look for it.”
Mrs Williams looked at their faces for some time. 19 ，she answered，“Well，I left an old 20 on my desk.This newspaper belonged to(属于)my
21 .I had hoped to share something in the paper with you in today's history class.The paper is old，but it is also 22 because she gave it to me before she died.It is something my grandmother left to 23 .The newspaper was gone when I came back from lunch.”
The other students looked at each other.They 24 who had taken the paper and hoped nobody would do something like that.Everyone liked Mrs Williams.No one wanted to make the teacher 25 .
Trevor went over and spoke up for the whole class.“ 26 ，Mrs Williams.We will all help you.We're sure to find it 27 we work together.”
典例分析
Mrs Williams smiled again at her students.She knew they might not find the missing paper，but even if they didn't，she would 28 feel very lucky.She had a group of students who 29 her and each other，and that was probably the best thing she could ever hope to 30 in her life！
典例分析
16.A.English B.history C.maths D.science
17.A.cry B.nod C.smile D.shout
18.A.get B.hear C.lose D.say
19.A.Finally B.Nervously C.Immediately D.Proudly
20.A.magazine B.newspaper C.map D.photo
21.A.grandmother B.grandfather C.mother D.father
22.A.expensive B.fantastic C.popular D.special
23.A.him B.me C.you D.us
典例分析
24.A.discovered B.explained C.imagined D.wondered
25.A.afraid B.angry C.sad D.surprised
26.A.I'm sorry B.Excuse me C.Good idea D.Don't worry
27.A.because B.before C.if D.so
28.A.almost B.again C.only D.still
29.A.cared about B.depended on C.laughed at D.played with
30.A.find B.learn C.make D.teach
典例分析
【文章大意】本文主要讲述了威廉斯老师弄丢了去世的奶奶留给她的报纸，学生们关心她，想帮她找到。威廉斯老师觉得报纸可能找不到，但是遇到一群关心她和互相关心的学生，这可能是她在一生中找到的最好的事情了。
16.B 【解析】考查名词辨析 句意：他们的历史老师在哭。English英语；history历史；maths数学；science科学。由第四段句子“I had hoped to share something in the paper with you in today's history class.”可知，此句是说历史老师在哭，故选B。
17.C 【解析】考查动词辨析 句意：“一切都很好，汤姆，”威廉斯老师说话时努力面带微笑。cry哭；nod点头；smile微笑；shout喊。第一段提到历史老师在哭，由前句“Everything is fine，Tom，”可知，此句是说她说话时努力面带微笑，故选C。
18.C 【解析】考查动词辨析 句意：你丢了什么？get得到；hear听见；lose失去；say说。由后句“Maybe we can help you look for it.”可知此句是问丢了什么，故选C。
19.A 【解析】考查副词辨析 句意：她回答说：“嗯，我把一张旧报纸落在桌子上了……”finally最后；nervously紧张地；immediately立即；proudly骄傲地。由前句“Mrs Williams looked at their faces for some time.”可知，威廉斯老师看了一会儿学生们的脸，最后回答了他们的问题，故选A。
20.B 【解析】考查名词辨析 句意：最后，她回答说：“嗯，我把一张旧报纸落在桌子上了……”magazine杂志；newspaper报纸；map地图；photo照片。由后句中的“This newspaper”可知，威廉斯老师把报纸落在了桌子上，故选B。
21.A 【解析】考查名词辨析 句意：这张报纸是我奶奶的。grandmother奶奶；grandfather爷爷；mother母亲；father父亲。由下文中的“It is something my grandmother”可知，这张报纸是威廉斯老师奶奶的，故选A。
22.D 【解析】考查形容词辨析 句意：这张纸很旧，但它也很特别，因为它是她在去世前给我的。 expensive贵的；fantastic很棒的；popular流行的；special特殊的。由句中“because she gave it to me before she died”可知，这张报纸是奶奶去世前给她的，所以很特别，故选D。
23.B 【解析】考查代词辨析 句意：这是我奶奶留给我的东西。him他；me我；you你；us我们。由上句“because she gave it to me”可知，这张报纸是留给威廉斯老师本人的，故选B。
24.D 【解析】考查动词辨析 句意：他们想知道是谁拿了这张报纸，希望没有人会这么做。discovered发现；explained解释；imagined想象；wondered想知道。由句中“who had taken the paper”可知，学生们想知道谁拿了这张报纸，故选D。
25.C 【解析】考查形容词辨析 句意：没有人想让老师伤心。afraid害怕的；angry生气的；sad伤心的；surprised惊讶的。由前句“Everyone liked Mrs Williams.”可知，每个人都喜欢威廉斯老师，没有人想让老师伤心，故选C。
26.D 【解析】考查交际用语辨析 句意：别担心，威廉斯夫人。我们都会帮助你的。I'm sorry抱歉；Excuse me打扰一下；Good idea好主意；Don't worry别担心。由后句“We will all help you”可知，此句是说不要担心，故选D。
27.C 【解析】考查连词辨析 句意：如果我们一起努力，一定能找到。because因为；before在……之前；if如果；so所以。由前半句“We're sure to find it”可知，此句是说如果一起努力找，就一定能找到，故选C。
28.D 【解析】考查副词辨析 句意：她知道他们可能找不到那张丢失的报纸，但即使他们找不到，她仍然会感到非常幸运。almost几乎；again再，又；only仅仅；still仍然。由前半句“but even if they didn't”和后半句“feel very lucky”可知，此句是说即使学生们找不到，威廉斯老师仍然会开心，故选D。
29.A 【解析】考查动词短语辨析 句意：她有一群关心她和互相关心的学
生，这可能是她一生中希望发现的最好的事情！cared about在意，关心；depended on依赖于；laughed at嘲笑；played with和……玩。学生们想为老师找到丢失的报纸，所以此处是说她有一群关心她的学生，故选A。
30.A 【解析】考查动词辨析 句意：她有一群关心她和互相关心的学生，这可能是她一生中希望找到的最好的事情！find找到；learn学习；make制作；teach教。由句中“that was probably the best thing she could ever hope to”可知，此句是说报纸可能找不到，但威廉斯老师找到了一群关心她和互相关心的学生，这可能是她一生中希望找到的最好的事情，故选A。
【先悟后练】(2021年绍兴市越城区初中毕业生学业考试适应性测试)
This past January，Lai Chi-wai climbed over 250 metres along the side of a high building in Hong Kong，China.But Lai could hardly move his 1 . He was strapped (用带子绑)into his wheelchair 2 he “climbed”.
Lai used to be a world-famous rock climber.That 3 10 years ago when Lai was seriously hurt in a car 4 . Since then，he has needed to use a wheelchair to get around.But Lai couldn't stop his love for 5 .He found a way to climb again—by fixing his wheelchair to a rope system (绳索系统).
In 2016，Lai 6 climbed Lion Rock in Kowloon，Hong Kong.The 495-metre climb made him realise that he could 7 climb，even if he couldn't do it in the same way as he had done in the past.
On 16 January,2021，Lai hoped to pull 8 up 320 metres to the top of Hong Kong's Nina Tower.In comparison (比较) with climbing Lion Rock，it was a very 9 challenge.Without rocks or little 10 all Lai could depend on was the rope that he was hanging off.
The morning started off well enough.The 11 was good.By early afternoon，however，strong wind had come up.He didn't want to stop
halfway.Lai tried his best to 12 .But finally，after climbing for 10 hours and getting to a height of about 13 ，the wind became too strong.Lai had to give up his goal of reaching the 14 .
But along the way，Lai set a new record.He also raised lots of money for a team that is working to help 15 people.
先悟后练
1.A.head B.mouth C.legs D.hands
2.A.as B.after C.as if D.even though
3.A.ended B.continued C.completed D.repeated
4.A.sale B.accident C.exchange D.service
5.A.walking B.running C.jumping D.climbing
6.A.carefully B.successfully C.secretly D.probably
7.A.still B.always C.never D.seldom
8.A.people B.himself C.rocks D.chairs
C
A
A
B
D
B
A
B
先悟后练
9.A.strange B.relaxing C.different D.surprising
10.A.toys B.bells C.holes D.balloons
11.A.sign B.memory C.training D.weather
12.A.stand up B.fall asleep C.look around D.make progress
13.A.160 metres B.250 metres C.320 metres D.495 metres
14.A.top B.side C.hospital D.office
15.A.kind B.smart C.disabled D.foreign
C
C
D
D
B
A
C(共28张PPT)
第33讲 复合句
名 词
考情分析预测
复合句
考点 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017
宾语从句 9题(单项填空)；24题(完形填空) 9题(单项填空) 9题(单项填空)；19题(完形填空) － 16题(完形填空)
定语从句 － － － － 9题(单项填空)
状语从句 7题(单项填空)；15题(完形填空) 6题(单项填空)；55题(词汇运用B) 24题(完形填空)；43题(词汇运用A) － 6题(单项填空)
考点探究突破
考点1：宾语从句(2021.9,24)
A)宾语从句三重点
分析近五年温州中考真题可知，除2018年外，宾语从句都有考查。学生在复习时要掌握引导词的用法、宾语从句的语序以及主句和从句的时态问题等方面的内容。
近五年宾语从句引导词考点如下：
W what(5年3考：2019.9；2017.16)
where(5年1考：2020.9)who(5年1考：2019.19)
考点探究突破
宾语从句 构成规则 例句
连接词 what，when，where，how，who，whom，whose等特殊疑问词作连接词。 When did he leave for Japan？Could you tell me？＝Could you tell me when he left for Japan？你能告诉我他什么时候动身去日本吗？
当宾语从句由一般疑问句变化而来时，连接词用whether或if，表示“是否”。 Are you from Japan？He asked me.＝He asked me if/whether I was from Japan.他问我是不是来自日本。
考点探究突破
连接词 that 作连接词。 She was a good girl.The teacher told us.＝The teacher told us(that) she was a good girl.老师告诉我们她是一个好女孩。
语序 从句一律用陈述句语序，即主语＋谓语。 What's Kate's email address？Do you know？＝Do you know what Kate's email address is？你知道凯特的电子邮箱地址吗？
考点探究突破
时态 主句是现在时，从句根据实际情况使用相应的时态。 I remember he gave me a book yesterday.我记得他昨天给了我一本书。
主句是过去时，从句使用与过去相关的时态。 He told me that he would take part in the high jump.他告诉我他将会参加跳高比赛。
从句表示的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等时，不管主句使用什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。 He told me that the earth goes around the sun.他告诉过我地球绕着太阳转。
考点探究突破
注意：(1)在介词之后，动词不定式之前或在or (not) 之前，只用whether，不用if。
如：Let me know whether he will come or not.让我知道他是否会来。
(2)有些疑问词作句子的主语，所以问句本身就是陈述语序，在变成宾语从句时，语序无需变化。如：
Do you know what is happening over there？你知道那边发生了什么吗？
Do you know what's the matter with him？你知道他怎么了吗？
考点探究突破
(3)宾语从句的简化
①当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，agree，choose等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：
I hope that I can receive your email.＝I hope to receive your email.我希望能收到你的电子邮件。
②当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know，remember，forget，learn等时，从句可简化为“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构。如：
She doesn't know what she should do next.＝She doesn't know what to do next.她不知道下一步该做什么。
1.(2021南昌模拟)—What did the manager ask you after the meeting？
—She asked me .
A.why I was late for the meeting
B.if I can finish the work on time
C.how I deal with the problem
D.what I do for the project last week
A
2.(2021滨州)—Did you have a good time in Shanghai？
—Yes，come and look.My photos will show you .
A.how did we go there B.where we will go
C.when did we meet D.what the trip was like
3.(2021成都)—How wonderful the school concert is！ I wonder our school will hold it next year.
—Sure.It's our school tradition！
A.how B.if C.where D.when
D
B
4.(2021达州)—Could you tell me kind of movies you like best？
—Umm…I like the movies make me laugh.
A.what；which B.what；what
C.which；what D.which；where
5.(2021广元)Hi，Peter. I've taken some photos of Shanghai and you can see .
A.what it looks like B.how does it look like
C.how it looks like D.what does it look like
A
A
考点探究突破
考点2：定语从句
分析近五年温州中考真题可知，仅在2017年考查过定语从句。学生复习时要掌握关系词的基本用法，做题时要看先行词是指人还是指物，或者既指人又指物；是表时间、地点还是原因。同时要理清所缺部分在句中作何种成分。
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。两个句子之间通过关系代词(that，which，who，whom，whose)或关系副词(when，where，why)连接起来。定语从句前的那个被修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。如：
考点探究突破
Chinese Restaurant is a very relaxing TV programme which is popular among the young people.
主句：Chinese Restaurant is a very relaxing TV programme
从句：which is popular among the young people
先行词：TV programme
因此，如果确定是考查定语从句，我们就可以排除不是关系代词或关系副词的选项，如：what。
考点探究突破
根据成分选关系词
在此过程中要掌握“三看”原则。
(1)一看指人还是物
先行词指人：that，who，whose，whom
先行词指物：that，which，whose
(2)二看在句中作何成分
所作成分 关系词
主语 who(人)，which(物)，that(人/物)
宾语 who/whom(人)，which(物)，that(人/物)
考点探究突破
例1 My brother likes the stories ______ were written by Mark Twain because they are humorous.先行词(the stories)指物，关系词在从句中作主语，可用关系代词which/that。
例2 He is the boy _______ I talked with just now.先行词(the boy)指人，关系词在从句中作宾语，可用关系代词whom/who/that/不填。
考点探究突破
①先行词是不定代词something，anything，everything，nothing，all，little，few，much，none，some等时。如：
As we all know，all that can be done has been done.众所周知，所有能做的都已经做了。
②先行词被 the only，the very，the right，the last等修饰时。如：
It is the only word that I don't know in the passage.
这是这篇文章里唯一一个我不认识的单词。
(3)三看是否属特殊
只能用关系代词that的情况：
考点探究突破
③当先行词既有人又有物时。如：
The characters and events that the author described in his book are very interesting.作者在他书里描写的那些人和事非常有意思。
④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰，或先行词本身就是序数词时。如：
This is the best film that has been shown so far in the city.这是这座城市迄今为止放映过的最好的电影。
先悟后练
6.(2021鄂州)—Yuan Longping is a hero is known for developing hybrid rice(杂交水稻).
—Yes.He is a great man.
A.which B.whom C.what D.that
7.(2021乐山)—Do you like the weekly talk show，The Reader，on CCTV？
—Sure.It's a great TV programme brings the habit of reading back into the public.
A.who B.that C.what D.whom
D
B
先悟后练
8.(2021武威)A true friend is a person reaches for your hand and touches your heart.
A.whom B.whose
C.who D.which
9.(2021滨州)In my opinion，of all the books，this is the only one is well worth reading.
A.who B.that C.whom D.what
C
B
考点探究突破
考点3：状语从句(2020.55)
分析近几年温州中考真题可知，对状语从句的考查主要体现在对从属连词的考查上。【详情请参见第25讲连词→考点2 从属连词】
用来修饰主句中的动词、副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义，状语从句可分为时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、比较状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、地点状语从句和方式状语从句。
考点探究突破
1.初中常见的从属连词
具体用法 从属连词
表时间 when当……时候，while正当……时，after在……之后，before在……之前，until直到……，as soon as一……就，since自从……
表条件 if如果，unless除非，如果不，in case万一，once一旦
表让步 though虽然，although尽管，even though/if即使
表原因 because因为，since既然，as由于
表结果 so/such...that如此……以至于
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2.主句与从句时态问题
(1)“主将从现”：主句使用一般将来时，从句使用一般现在时。常见的使用“主将从现”原则的连词有：表示时间的when，while，after，before，until，till，whenever，as soon as等；表示条件的if，unless等。如：
He will write to me as soon as he gets to America.
他一到美国就给我写信。
考点探究突破
(2)“主情从现”：主句有情态动词，从句使用一般现在时。如：
You can get good grades if you study hard.如果你好好学习就会取得好成绩。
(3)“主祈从现”：主句使用祈使句，从句使用一般现在时。如：
Be careful when you cross the road.当你过马路时要小心。
(4)since引导的时间状语从句，主句一般用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。如：
She has been a teacher since she moved to this city.
自从她搬到这座城市，她就当了一名老师。
先悟后练
10.(2021抚顺本溪辽阳)Your dad has just fallen asleep.Don't wake him up _______ it's really necessary.
A.unless B.or C.and D.but
11.(2021江阴)You will never grow you try to do something beyond your abilities.
A.when B.since C.though D.unless
A
D
先悟后练
12.(2021新余模拟)—Lucy，you can come to me for help you get into trouble in your study at school.
—Thanks，David.You are always helpful.
A.although B.unless C.when D.since
13.(2021江西模拟) —Jackie，what is a true friend？
—A true friend can see the pain in your eyes everyone else believes the smile on your face.
A.while B.before
C.because D.until
C
A
先悟后练
14.(2021自贡)—Would you like to help me clean the house this weekend？
—I'd like to I finish my homework.
A.before B.though C.if D.after
15.(2021盐城建湖县二模)My grandma enjoys sharing videos on Douyin like the young she is over seventy.
A.since B.if C.though D.unless
16.(2021天津)My cousin became a country doctor he finished medical school.
A.after B.so that C.but D.so
C
C
A
先悟后练
17.(2021宿迁)Mary shut the window just now she could keep the insects out.
A.so that B.when C.till D.after
18.(2021包头) he is my favourite singer，I didn't buy his new CD.
A.If B.Ever since C.Even though D.Because
19.(2021大庆)—I am worrying about our final exam these days.
—There is nothing to worry about you work hard.
A.until B.so that
C.as far as D.as long as
A
C
D(共23张PPT)
第32讲 简单句
名 词
考情分析预测
简单句
考点 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017
疑问句 － － － 14题(完形填空) －
感叹句 － － － － －
祈使句 － － 10题(单项填空) － 10题(单项填空)
倒装句 － － － － －
考点1：五类基本句型
[见附录：句子成分与句子结构]
考点2：特殊疑问句
主要考查疑问代词/副词、how词组的辨析，此类试题的解答主要看答句的内容。常考疑问词(组)总结如下：
考点探究突破
A)“wh-”疑问词小结
考点探究突破
疑问代词 what什么(询问事物、职业、身份、日期、天气)
which哪一个(询问特定的人或物)
who谁(询问身份)
whose谁的(询问所属物归属)
疑问副词 when什么时候(询问时间)
where哪里(询问地点、位置)
why为什么(询问原因)
考点探究突破
B)how词组小结
how怎样(询问方式) how long多长时间(提问时间段)
how often多久一次(对频率提问)
how soon多久以后(对in短语提问)
how many多少(提问可数名词的数量)
how much多少(提问不可数名词的数量)；多少钱(提问价格)
考点探究突破
how怎样(询问方式) how far多远(提问距离)
how heavy多重
how wide多宽
how tall/high多高
how old多大(提问年龄)
考点探究突破
考点3：一般疑问句
一般疑问句是用yes或no来回答的疑问句，它一般有三种形式：
1.be＋主语＋其他？
如：Is she from England？她来自英格兰吗？
2.情态动词＋主语＋动词原形＋其他？
如：Must I finish the report today？我今天必须完成报告吗？
3.助动词＋主语＋动词原形/过去分词＋其他？
如：Did she like dancing when she was young？她小时候喜欢跳舞吗？
Has he watered the flowers？他已经浇花了吗？
考点探究突破
考点4：选择疑问句
结构是“一般疑问句＋or＋另一个选择成分”或“特殊疑问句＋选择项＋or＋选择项”，不能用yes或no来回答，而要选择其一。
如：—Do you like classical music or pop music？你喜欢古典音乐还是流行音乐？
—I like classical music/pop music.我喜欢古典音乐/流行音乐。
1.(2021泸州)— do you have a sports meeting in your school？
—Once a year.We all like sports.
A.How much B.How often
C.How long D.How soon
2.(2021连云港)— is the concert going to start？
—I've no idea.Why not check the ticket？
A.What time B.What about
C.How long D.How often
B
A
3.(2021扬州)— do you play basketball with your friends？
—Only once a week.
A.How long B.How much
C.How soon D.How often
4.(2021昆明)—A nice T-shirt！ is it？
—It's 50 yuan.
A.How long B.How far
C.How much D.How old
D
C
5.(2021长春)—Do you often go to Jingyue Park，by car or by bike？
— .I think it's good for the environment and our health.
A.Yes，I do B.No，I don't
C.By bike D.By car
C
考点探究突破
考点5：祈使句
温州中考近5年对“祈使句”的考查较少，从选项设置的角度出发，对此类试题的考查应特别注意区分开的是考查“非谓语动词”还是“祈使句”。若句子缺少谓语动词，则考查的是祈使句；若句子不缺少谓语动词，则考查的是非谓语动词。由于祈使句的句型比较固定，考生应重点熟记以下两种形式：
考点探究突破
A)肯定形式
结构 例句
动词原形＋其他 Stand up！Sit down，please！
Be＋adj. Be careful！Be quiet，please！
Let sb.＋动词原形 Let's go to school！
考点探究突破
B)否定形式
结构 例句
Don't＋动词原形 Don't let them play with fire.
Let sb.＋not＋动词原形 Let's not make noise here.Let Mary not come here.
No＋名词/v.-ing No photos！ No smoking！
(常用于公共场合的提示语中)
Never＋动词原形 Never be late for school！
考点探究突破
注意：“祈使句＋and/or＋结果状语”结构，可以转换成由if引导的条件状语从句。
如：Hurry up，or you will miss the train.快点，否则你要错过火车了。
＝If you hurry up，you won't miss the train.如果你快点，你就不会错过火车了。
＝If you don't hurry up，you will miss the train.如果你不快点，你就会错过火车了。
先悟后练
6.(2020长沙) your smartphones，and read for at least 30 minutes，every day！ You know，reading helps us to deepen our spiritual world.
A.Put away B.To put away C.Putting away D.Be away
7.(2020凉山州)When I want to go out to play with my friends，my mother always says，“ at home.Don't waste your time.”
A.Stay B.Stays C.To stay D.Staying
8.(2021北部湾)— here，please.
—Sorry，I will move the car away right now.
A.No swimming B.No smoking C.No eating D.No parking
A
A
D
先悟后练
9.(2020绥化) walk on the grass.
A.Doesn't B.Don't C.Not D.No
10.(2020上海)—Tom， here to carry the luggage upstairs for me，will you？
—All right.
A.come B.came C.coming D.to come
B
A
考点探究突破
考点6：感叹句
通过分析温州近5年中考真题可知，对感叹句的考查较少，但学生应掌握其基本用法。由于感叹句通常由what和how引导，考生需分别重点记忆。
A)What引导的感叹句
(what“多么”，修饰名词，作定语)
What＋名词短语＋主语＋谓语！
如：
①What a beautiful flower it is！
②What lovely birds they are！
③What cold weather it is！
考点探究突破
B)How引导的感叹句
(how“多么”，修饰形容词和副词，作状语)
1.How＋形容词/副词＋(主语＋谓语)！
如：How beautiful the girl is！那位姑娘多漂亮呀！
How fast he runs！他跑得多快呀！
2.How＋主语＋谓语！
如：How time flies！时间过得真快！
考点探究突破
先悟后练
11.(2021襄阳)— nice weather it is to go hiking！Would you like to go with me？
—Good idea！Let's go.
A.How a B.How C.What a D.What
12.(2021遂宁)—He has made many friends since he came here three weeks ago.
— outgoing boy he is！
A.How a B.How C.What a D.What an
D
D
先悟后练
13.(2021凉山州)—Ivy， hard you are working！
—President Xi always says that the more hard-working we are，the luckier we will be.
A.how B.what C.what D.what an
14.(2021新疆)—China's women's soccer team won a ticket to the Tokyo Olympics.
—Wow！ great they are！ We are proud them.
A.How；of B.How；in
C.What；of D.What；in
A
A(共22张PPT)
第31讲 主谓一致与there be句型
名 词
考情分析预测
主谓一致与there be句型
分析近几年温州中考真题可知，除2018年外，每年的词汇运用B对主谓一致都有考查。作为基本语法知识点，考生应掌握其相关用法。
考点 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017
主谓一致与there be句型 50题(词汇运用B) 41题(词汇运用A) 53题(词汇运用B) － 47、49、50题(词汇运用B)
考点1：主谓一致(2021.50)
主谓一致考查的方式比较多样化，还会结合时态和语态来考查。因此，解答此类试题时，考生首先应该找出题干的“主语”，确定其单复数；然后结合“语法一致”、“意义一致”和“就近一致”三个原则来进行选择；最后，根据所给句子的时态和语态选出最终答案。
考点探究突破
A)语法一致(单则单、复则复)
考点探究突破
主语成分 谓语 例句
人称代词主格(第一、三人称单数)、不可数名词或单个人名 单数 She is an honest girl.她是一个诚实的女孩。
Lily is a good student and we all like her.莉莉是一个好学生，我们都很喜欢她。
考点探究突破
动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句 单数 To learn English well isn't easy.学好英语不容易。
Reading is learning.读书就是学习。
What he said is very important for us all.他所说的话对我们所有人都非常重要。
one of/the number of＋名词复数 单数 The number of students in our class is 32.我们班的学生人数为32。
考点探究突破
a number of＋名词复数 复数 A number of trees are cut down.许多树木被砍倒了。
人称代词主格(第二人称、第三人称复数) 复数 You are so clever.你真是太聪明了。They are all interested in football.他们都对足球感兴趣。
and或both...and...连接名词 复数 Both Peter and Mike come from England.彼得和迈克都来自英格兰。
考点探究突破
主语后有with，along，like，except，besides，but，including，together with，as well as等连接的名词或代词时。 取决于主语 A teacher，together with some students，is standing at the gate.一名老师还有一些学生正站在大门口。
a lot of/lotsof/plenty of/most of＋名词 A lot of water is polluted by the factory.许多的水被那个工厂污染了。
分数或百分数＋名词 Two thirds of the work has been finished.三分之二的工作已经被完成。
考点探究突破
B)意义一致
主语成分 谓语 例句
集体名词(如：family/class/team/group/public/audience等) 取决于主语意义 His family isn't large.他的家并不大。His family are fond of watching sports programmes.他的家人都喜欢看体育节目。
集合名词(如：people/police等) 复数 The police are searching for the murderer.警察们正在搜寻那个杀人犯。
考点探究突破
the＋姓氏名词复数，表示“……一家”或“……夫妇”。 复数 The Blacks enjoy working in China.布莱克夫妇喜欢在中国工作。
the＋某些形容词，表示一类人。 复数 The young are energetic.年轻人有活力。
考点探究突破
and连接并列主语，表示同一个人或物时(即：and后面无冠词)。 单数 A famous writer and teacher is going to have a speech in my school.一位著名的作家兼老师将在我的学校举行一次演讲。
表示重量、度量、时间、长度、价格、数学运算等的词或短语。 单数 Two pounds isn't so heavy.两磅不怎么重。Two months is a long holiday.两个月是一个很长的假期。
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C)就近一致
主语成分和谓语 例句
由either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...，not...but...或or连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词和距离较近的主语在数上保持一致。 Neither you nor he is wrong.你和他都没有错。
there be...和here be...这两个句式中的be动词常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。 There is an orange and two apples on the plate.盘子里有一个橙子和两个苹果。
1.(2021绥化)This pair of socks _______ soft．I’ll take_______．
A.feel;it B. feels;it C. feels;them D. feel;them
2.—Mum, _______ of my classmates glasses.
—Oh, my God. You need to protect your eyes well．
A．three fourths; wears
B．three fourth;wear
C．three fourth;wears
D．three fourths; wear
C
D
3.Not only his parents but also his brother _______ to the Summer Palace．They haven’t been back．
A．have been B．have gone C．has been D．has gone
4.A boy with two dogs _______ when the boy’s mother came back home． A．was sleeping B．is sleeping C．were sleeping D．are sleeping
5.100 days _______ along time for the students in Grade Nine who are busy preparing for the final exam．
A．aren’t B．be not C．isn’t D．won’t be
D
A
C
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考点2：there be句型
温州中考对there be句型未进行考查，但是掌握there be句型有利于增长知识，提高学习能力。对此，考生在复习的过程中应重点把握以下内容：
1.基本结构：there be＋主语(人或物)＋地点/时间，表示“在某地/某时有某人/物”。
(1)be动词有“单复数”和“时态”的变化。
(2)be动词还可用used/seem/happen to be，is likely to be或半系动词go，stand等。
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注意：
考点探究突破
2.如何判断be动词的数？
看be动词最近的名词
There is a book on the desk.(可数名词单数)
There is some water in the bottle.(不可数名词)
There are some pictures on the wall.(可数名词复数)
There is a desk and fifty-five chairs here.(并列主语，“就近”原则)
There are fifty-five chairs and a desk here.(并列主语，“就近”原则)
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3.there be句型的不同句式：
①否定句：be动词后加not，no和not any。
如：There isn't any water in the bottle.
There is no water in the bottle.
②一般疑问句：be动词提到句首，some变any，其他都不变。
如：There are some flowers in the garden.
?Are there any flowers in the garden？
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4.there be句型不同时态或形式的变化
①一般将来时：There will be或There is/are going to be...
如：There will/is going to be a new film on Monday.
②一般过去时：There was/were(used to be)...
如：There used to be several houses behind the two buildings.
There was a sports meeting yesterday.
③现在完成时：There have/has been...
如：There have been a lot of accidents around here.
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④含情态动词：There＋情态动词＋be...
如：There must be a mistake somewhere.
拓展：there be＋sb./sth.＋doing sth.意为“有某人/某物正在做某事”。doing在句中表示sb.或sth.正在发出的动作，作定语。
先悟后练
6.(2021乐山)—There a basketball game against Class Two this Sunday.
—I see.I will come and cheer you on.
A.will have B.is going to be
C.is going to have D.is
7.(2020青海)— an amusement centre，some restaurants and hundreds of stores in the shopping mall.
—Wow，it's amazing.I will go next week.
A.There is B.There are C.There will be D.There should be
B
A
先悟后练
8.(2021武汉)—Only ten tickets？ What do you mean？ There be twelve.
—Sorry，Linda.Jacky and Tim took two tickets away.
A.should B.will C.can D.may
9.(2020北部湾)There a basketball game next Monday.If it ，we'll have to put it off.
A.is going to have；will rain B.is going to have；rains
C.is going to be；rains D.is going to be；will rain
A
C(共48张PPT)
第30讲 非谓语动词
名 词
考情分析预测
非谓语动词
分析近几年温州中考真题可知,在2021年词汇运用 B中考查了固定搭配 be good at doing sth．和choose to do sth．。
考点 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017
不定式 53题(词汇运用B) 54题(词汇运用B) － － －
动名词 51题(词汇运用B) 53题(词汇运用B) － － －
现在分词 － － － 24题(完形填空) －
首先应先分析本题该用非谓语动词还是谓语动词, 然后才能选用动词的哪种形式或非谓语的哪种形式。具体解题步骤如下：
第一步 判定本题该使用谓语动词还是非谓语动词, 即判断句子是否缺少谓语：
(1)当句子缺少谓语时, 该动词就用谓语动词形式。一般情况下, 动词作谓语放在主语之后, 比如“I love you. ”中, love就是谓语动词。
(2)当句中已有谓语动词又没有并列连词使其与所填动词并列, 该动词就是非谓语动词形式。非谓语动词可以在句中作除谓语以外的任何成分, 如
考点探究突破
主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语及插入语。具体用法详见本讲的讲解。
第二步 判定本题该使用非谓语动词的哪种形式：
(1)根据非谓语动词的句法功能确定用哪种形式, 即所作的成分：
①作主语或宾语, 用动名词或不定式形式；
②作目的状语或在形容词后作状语, 用不定式形式；
③作伴随状语或作定语, 要根据与逻辑主语的关系来判断。
(2)根据固定用法和句型来判断。
考点探究突破
考点1：动词不定式(2020. 53)
不定式由“to＋动词原形”构成, 其否定形式是“not to＋动词原形”。不定式可以带宾语状语构成不定式短语, 没有人称和数的变化, 但有时态和语态的变化。
考点探究突破
成分 说明 例句
主语 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。 To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.(＝It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.)在十分钟内完成这项工作很难。
考点探究突破
主语 ①It's＋adj.＋of＋sb.＋to do sth.(可改为sb.＋be＋adj.＋to do sth.)其中的形容词主要是描述人的性格和品质方面的，如brave(勇敢的)，clever(聪明的)，crazy(疯狂的)，cruel(残忍的)，foolish(愚蠢的)，kind(友善的)等。如：It's extremely kind of you to come and meet me.
(＝You are extremely kind to come and meet me.)您来接我，真是太好了。
②It's＋adj.＋for＋sb.＋to do sth.其中的形容词用于描述不定式动作，如dangerous(危险的)，difficult(困难的)，easy(容易的)，hard(困难的)，important(重要的)，impossible(不可能的)等。如：It's dangerous for you to drive so fast.你开车这么快是危险的。
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表语 多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换为作主语。 Her job is to clean the hall.(＝To clean the hall is her job.)她的工作就是打扫大厅。
考点探究突破
宾语 只能作某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。 Tom can't afford to buy a car at present.汤姆目前买不起汽车。He likes to play football.他喜欢踢足球。
拓展：常接动词不定式作宾语的动词：afford提供，买得起；agree同意；ask请求；decide决定，下决心；expect期望，预料；fail失败，未能做到；help帮助；hope希望；intend打算，想要；manage设法；offer提出，提供；promise允诺，许诺；refuse拒绝；plan计划；wish希望
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宾语补足语 在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。 I saw him cross the road.我看到他穿过街道。
拓展：常接动词不定式作宾补的动词：advise建议；allow允许；ask要求，叫；expect期望；force强迫；get使得；hate憎恨，厌恶；help帮助；intend打算，想要；invite邀请；order命令；promise允诺，许诺；prefer宁愿；remind提醒；request要求，请求；tell告诉，吩咐；want想要；warn警告；wish希望
考点探究突破
定语 不定式作定语一般放在被修饰词的后面。 He is looking for a room to live in.他在寻找一间居住的房子。
On the farm everyone has lots of work to do.在农场，每个人都有很多活要干。
拓展： ①不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的词是动宾关系，如果动词为不及物动词，后面须加上相应的介词；如果不定式修饰time，place，way等，可以省略介词。 如：There is nothing to worry about.没有什么可担心的。 He has no place to live.他没有住的地方。 ②不定式修饰不定代词something，anything等时，放在它们的后面，如果不定代词也被形容词修饰，词序是“不定代词＋形容词＋不定式”。 如：I had something cold to drink.我有冷饮可以喝。
考点探究突破
状语 表目的 He worked day and night to earn money.为了挣钱，他日夜工作。
表结果 He arrived late to find the train gone.他来晚了，结果发现火车已经开走了。
表原因 They were very sad to hear the news.听到这个消息他们非常伤心。
考点探究突破
拓展：
1.如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语(不定式)，放在宾语补足语后面。
如：Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.马克思认为研究俄国的形势很重要。
考点探究突破
2.不定式在介词but后面时，如果介词but之前有行为动词do的某种形式，那么介词后的不定式不带to，否则就要带to。
如：I have no choice but to stay here.我别无选择只能待在这儿。
I have nothing to do but stay here.我什么都做不了，只能待在这儿。
3.不定式作动词tell，show，understand，explain，teach，learn，advise，discuss等的宾语时，不定式前面常带疑问词，即：疑问词(how，when，where，what，who...)＋to do。
如：He told us how to learn English.他告诉我们如何学英语。
考点探究突破
考点2：动名词
动名词的特点
留着动词的特征。用以表达各词所不能表达的意思。在句子中的用法和功能与名词类相同(作主语、宾语、表语、定语)。
考点探究突破
成分 说明 例句
主语 谓语动词用单数。 Reading aloud is very helpful.大声朗读是很有好处的。
表语 多数情况下，动名词作表语可转化成作主语。 His job is teaching English.(＝Teaching English is his job.)他的工作是教英语。
动名词的句法功能
考点探究突破
宾语 作动词或介词的宾语，表示一般的习惯、抽象行为或经常性的动作。 They haven't finished building the dam.他们还没有建好大坝。
We are thinking of making a new plan.我们正考虑制订新计划。
定语 只表示它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等，置于修饰语之前。 He can't walk without a walking stick.他没有拐杖不能走路。
考点探究突破
拓展：
1.当动名词作主语时常用it作形式主语。
如：It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。
2.当动名词短语作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用it作形式宾语。
如：We found it no good making fun of others.我们发现取笑他人不好。
3.有些动词或短语只能接动名词作宾语，此类动词(短语)常见的有：be worth(值得)，be busy(忙于)，be/get used to(习惯于)，consider(考虑)，enjoy(享受，喜爱)，can't help(禁不住)，feel like(想要)，finish(完成)，give up(放弃)，have fun(玩得开心)，have difficulty/trouble(in)(做某事有困难)，keep on(继续)，mind(介意)，miss(错过)，practise(练习)，suggest(建议)等。
【巧学妙记】
可结合顺口溜来巧记接动名词作宾语的动词或短语：
完成实践值得忙(finish, practise, be worth, be busy),
继续习惯别放弃(keep on, be used to, give up),
考虑建议不禁想(consider, suggest, can’t help, feel like),
喜欢思念要介意(enjoy, miss, mind)。
注意：有些动词后面接动名词和接不定式作宾语, 其表达的意思是有差别的。
考点探究突破
如： forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事
go on to do sth. 继续做某事(内容发生改变)
go on doing sth. 继续做某事(内容未变)
regret to do sth. 遗憾要做某事
regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事
stop to do sth. 停下来做另外一件事
stop doing sth. 停止做某事
try to do sth. 尽力做某事
try doing sth. 试着做某事
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考点3：分词
分词的构成：
分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词的基本形式为“动词-ing”；过去分词的基本形式为“动词-ed”, 但也有不规则的形式。
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考点探究突破
分词的句法功能
功能 例句 说明
定语 Do you know the girl standing under the tree？你认识站在树下面的那位女孩吗？ Please hand in your written exercises.请交上你们的笔试练习。 现在分词作定语，其逻辑主语是它所修饰的词；过去分词作定语，其逻辑宾语是它所修饰的词。
考点探究突破
状语 The students went out of the classroom，talking and laughing.学生们谈笑着走出了教室。 Seen from the hill，our school looks more beautiful.从小山上看，我们学校显得更美丽了。 分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语。
表语 The situation is encouraging.形势令人鼓舞。 The boy is too frightened to move.这个男孩太害怕了，以至于动不了。 现在分词表示主语的性质、特征；过去分词表示某种状态。
考点探究突破
补足语 Don't keep us waiting for a long time.不要让我们等得太久。 I heard him singing in the classroom.我听到他正在教室里唱歌。 He'll have his hair cut after school.放学后他要去理发。 现在分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语(即主动关系)；过去分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语(即被动关系)。
考点探究突破
注意：
现在分词和过去分词的区别
1.在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。如：
a moving film 一部感人的电影 the moved people 被感动的人们
2.在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。如：
the developing country 发展中国家 the developed country 发达国家
the rising sun 正在升起的太阳 the risen sun 升起来的太阳
1.(2021盐城)Last September，Thunderstorm was shown Cao Yu，one of China's greatest playwrights.
A.remember B.remembering C.remembered D.to remember
2.(2021连云港赣榆区一模)—Spring is also the time when the farmers are busy the wheat.
—Usually they don't stop even it's lunchtime.
A.growing；working B.growing；to work
C.grow；to work D.grow；working
D
A
3.(2021鄂州)—What did the teacher say just now？
—He told us in the river.
A.swim B.swimming C.not to swim D.not swim
4.(2021达州)—Ms.Ms Griffin，what should we do stupid mistakes in the coming exams？
—Be more careful.
A.avoid make B.avoiding making
C.avoid making D.to avoid making
C
D
专题三 用动词的适当形式填空答题步骤与技巧
专题三 用动词的适当形式填空答题步骤与技巧
动词的形式
大多数动词都有五种基本形式：动词原形、第三人称单数形式、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。
A)第三人称单数形式的构成
一般现在时中主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，其变化规则与名词单数变复数的方法大体相同。具体见下表：
专题三 用动词的适当形式填空答题步骤与技巧
规则变化 动词原形 第三人称单数形式及读音
一般动词在词尾加-s；-s在清辅音后读/s/，-s在浊辅音和元音后读/z/。 work grow works/s/
grows/z/
以s，x，ch，sh或o结尾的动词加-es；-es读/ z/，o后的-es读/z/。 fix catch push go kiss fixes/ z/
catches/ z/
pushes/ z/
goes/z/
kisses/ z/
专题三 用动词的适当形式填空答题步骤与技巧
以字母e结尾的动词，直接加-s；-s读/z/或/s/。 ride like rides/z/
likes/s/
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的动词，改y为i，再加-es；-ies读/ z/。 study carry studies/ z/
carries/ z/
以“元音字母＋y”结尾的动词，直接加-s；-s读/z/。 play say plays/z/
says/z/
不规则变化的有have?has等。
专题三 用动词的适当形式填空答题步骤与技巧
B)现在分词的构成
规则变化 动词原形 现在分词
一般在动词后加-ing。 help work helping
working
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去e再加-ing；以e发音的动词，直接加-ing。 write move be writing
moving
being
以y结尾的动词，直接加-ing。 play study playing
studying
专题三 用动词的适当形式填空答题步骤与技巧
以重读闭音节结尾的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ing。 put sit run cut get begin drop stop putting
sitting
running
cutting
getting
beginning
dropping
stopping
以ie结尾的动词，一般将ie改为y，再加-ing。 lie die tie lying
dying
tying
专题三 用动词的适当形式填空答题步骤与技巧
C)过去式和过去分词的构成
规则变化 动词原形 过去式、过去分词及其读音
一般在动词词尾加-ed；-ed在清辅音后读/t/，在浊辅音和元音后读/d/，在t/d后读/ d/。 ask answer want need asked－asked/t/
answered－answered/d/
wanted－wanted/ d/
needed－needed/ d/
专题三 用动词的适当形式填空答题步骤与技巧
以不发音的e结尾的动词，直接加-d；-d在浊辅音和元音后读/d/，在清辅音后读/t/。 love dance loved－loved/d/
danced－danced/t/
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的动词，把y变为i，再加-ed；-ied读/ d/。 worry study worried－worried/ d/
studied－studied/ d/
专题三 用动词的适当形式填空答题步骤与技巧
以“元音字母＋y”结尾的动词，直接加-ed；-ed读/d/。 play stay played－played/d/
stayed－stayed/d/
以重读闭音节结尾的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed；-ed在清辅音后读/t/，在浊辅音和元音后读/d/，在t/d后读/ d/。 stop plan drop prefer regret stopped－stopped/t/
planned－planned/d/
dropped－dropped/t/
preferred－preferred/d/
regretted—regretted / d/
专题三 用动词的适当形式填空答题步骤与技巧
【突破技巧】
?作谓语(时态、语态变化、祈使句)
若所填词在句中作谓语，填词时需考虑句子的时态和语态。常见判定方法如下：
专题三 用动词的适当形式填空答题步骤与技巧
1.填动词原形的情况：
(1)位于助动词(do/does/did)或其否定形式之后；
如：Did you watch(观看) the movie？
(2)位于情态动词或其否定形式之后；
(3)句子用一般现在时，且主语为可数名词复数、复数人称代词或I；
(4)作祈使句的谓语。
如：Get up early，and do some exercise.
专题三 用动词的适当形式填空答题步骤与技巧
2.填三单形式的情况：
若句子用一般现在时，在以下情况中，谓语动词用三单形式：
(1)不可数名词作主语；
(2)“a/an/the＋可数名词单数”作主语；
(3)人称代词第三人称he，she，it作主语；
(4)单个人名、地名作主语；
(5)不定代词(every系列/some系列/any系列/no系列)作主语；
(6)this/that/it作主语；
专题三 用动词的适当形式填空答题步骤与技巧
(7)非谓语动词(动词不定式/动名词)作主语；
(8)主谓一致：the number of修饰主语。
如：The number of students is(be) over 1,000.
3.填过去式的情况
(1)句中有明显表示过去的时间状语；
(2)过去式＋and＋过去式；
(3)主从句中，若从句用一般过去时，主句通常也用过去的某种时态；
(4)根据上下文语境和时态。
专题三 用动词的适当形式填空答题步骤与技巧
4.填过去分词的情况
(1)用于现在/过去完成时(have/had＋done)结构中；
(2)用于各种时态的被动语态(am/is/are/was/were/will be/情态动词be＋done)结构中；
(3)固定句型。make oneself done使某人自己怎么样。
5.填现在分词的情况
用于现在/过去进行时(am/is/are/was/were＋doing)结构中。
专题三 用动词的适当形式填空答题步骤与技巧
不作谓语(非谓语变化)
若所填词在句中不作谓语，则考虑填非谓语动词，常见判定方法如下：
1.填动词不定式的情况：
(1)作目的状语。如：
They will go to the station to meet (meet) the guests.
(2)位于句首，作主语。如：
To see(see) is to believe.
(3)用于一些固定搭配或固定句式中。
专题三 用动词的适当形式填空答题步骤与技巧
(4)疑问句＋不定式。如：
I don't know what to do(do).
(5)动词不定式作定语。如：
The library is a good place to have(have) fun.
2.填动名词的情况：
(1)位于介词后，作宾语；
(2)位于动词后，作宾语；
专题三 用动词的适当形式填空答题步骤与技巧
(3)位于句首，作主语；
(4)用于一些固定搭配或固定句式中。
【动词常见非谓语搭配见本书P148～150】
3.填现在分词的情况：
(1)作补足语，与被修饰词构成主动关系。如：
He kept the machine running for ten hours.他让机器运转了十个小时。
(2)作定语，表示动作正在进行或主动关系。如：
a boy running towards me一个跑向我的男孩(主动)
专题三 用动词的适当形式填空答题步骤与技巧
4.填过去分词的情况
(1)作补足语，与被修饰词构成动宾关系。如：Have you ever heard this song sung in Chinese？ 你听过这首歌的中文版吗？ (动宾)
(2)作定语，表示动作已完成或与被修饰词构成动宾关系。如：
fallen leaves 落叶(已完成)
a book written by David大卫写的书(动宾)
专题三 用动词的适当形式填空答题步骤与技巧
5.动词变名词
①v.＋-er/-r/-or
dance→dancer drive→driver play→player read→reader
report→reporter sing→singer speak→speaker teach→teacher
wait→waiter write→writer run→runner win→winner
act→actor direct→director invent→inventor visit→visitor
②v.＋-ment：
achieve→achievement agree→agreement
develop→development treat→treatment
专题三 用动词的适当形式填空答题步骤与技巧
③v.＋-ion/-ation或去e＋-ion/-ation
celebrate→celebration collect→collection act→action
discuss→discussion educate→education imagine→imagination invent→invention invite→invitation pollute→pollution suggest→suggestion inform→information
communicate→communication
④v.＋-ing或双写辅音字母＋-ing
feel→feeling mean→meaning meet→meeting swim→swimming
⑤其他特殊变形：
choose→choice die→death fail→failure weigh→weight
专题三 用动词的适当形式填空答题步骤与技巧
6.动词变形容词
①v.＋-d/-ed/-ing或去e＋-ing
excite→excited/exciting
interest→interested/interesting
②v.＋-able
comfort→comfortable enjoy→enjoyable
③v.＋-ive或去e＋-ive：
act→active create?creative
④其他特殊变形：
die→dead wake→awake(共19张PPT)
第29讲 动词的语态
名 词
考情分析预测
动词的语态
考点 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017
一般现在时的被动语态 － － － － －
一般过去时的被动语态 － － 44题(词汇运用A) 43题(词汇运用A) －
一般将来时的被动语态 45题(词汇运用A) － － － －
分析近几年温州中考真题可知，2018、2019年都在词汇运用A中对一般过去时的被动语态进行了考查。被动语态通常会结合时态一起考查，因此要先确定时态，再确定语态。
名 词
考情分析预测
动词的语态
通过分析温州近几年的中考真题，我们发现“被动语态”的考查比较综合，往往离不开“时态”和“主谓一致”。单从选项设置的角度大致可以分为两大类：①时态和语态的混合；②时态、语态和主谓一致的混合。因此，考生在做题时需遵循以下三步：
第一步 根据语境及所给时间状语，判断本句的时态。(详见本书第28讲)
第二步 根据题干句子或句意，确定使用“主动”还是“被动”。
(1)若题干中含有“by sb.”，可直接判定使用被动语态。如：The windows were broken by those boys.
考点探究突破
(2)若题干中含有“with sth.”也可直接判定使用被动语态。如：The ground is covered with thick snow.
(3)若题干中没有“by”或“with”提示词，则根据主语和谓语的逻辑关系来判定。
当主语是人时，谓语动词的动作由主语发出，则用主动；反之，则为被动。
如：I was told to come at once.
当主语是物时，谓语动词通常要用被动语态。
如：English is taught in middle schools.
考点探究突破
考点探究突破
第三步 根据主语的单复数，判断谓语的单复数。(详见本书第31讲)
考点探究突破
总结：
主动语态→ 被动语态
①宾语→ 主语
②谓语→ be＋过去分词(时态看原句，人称和数看新主语)
③主语→ by＋宾语
④其他→ 不变
考点探究突破
B)常考被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词(用done表示)”构成。各时态的被动语态结构如下：
类别 被动语态结构
一般现在时 am/is/are done
一般过去时 was/were done
一般将来时 will be done
现在完成时 have/has＋been done
含情态动词 情态动词＋be＋done
考点探究突破
C)常考易错的四种特殊情况
1.“使役动词”和“感官动词”后接不带to的不定式作补语时，变被动语态时还原to。此类常见的动词可记忆为“一感二听三使四看(feel，hear/listen，make/have/let，look/see/watch/notice)”。
2.常见带双宾语的动词变被动语态有两种方法，此类动词常见的有：give，buy，sell，take，bring，make，hand，pass，keep，send等。变形如下：
考点探究突破
主动形式 被动形式
give sb.sth. sb.be given sth./sth.be given to sb.
pass sb.sth. sb.be passed sth./sth.be passed to sb.
show sb.sth. sb.be shown sth./sth.be shown to sb.
buy sb.sth. sb.be bought sth./sth.be bought for sb.
考点探究突破
3.动词短语变被动语态时，不要丢掉后面的介词或副词。
如：The children must be taken good care of.孩子们必须被好好照顾。
4.“主动形式”表被动的情况
(1)系动词look，feel，sound，smell，taste，seem，appear，go，prove，turn等＋形容词/名词。
如：Ice feels cold.冰摸上去凉。Mooncakes taste delicious.月饼尝起来很好吃。
考点探究突破
(2)某些及物动词，强调主语的特点、特征及性质，一般与well，easily，badly，smoothly等副词连用。此类动词常见的有：read，write，act，cut，draw，sell，wash，clean，lock，cook等。
如：These books sell well.这些书卖得很好。
The door won't lock.这扇门锁不上。
(3)表示开始、结束或运动的词，如：begin，start，finish，open，close，stop，shut等。
如：Work began at 7 o'clock this morning.上午七点开始工作。
The shop closes at 6 pm every day.这家店每天下午6点关门。
考点探究突破
D)不能使用被动语态的情况
1.不及物动词或短语没有被动语态。此类动词(短语)常见的有：happen，take place，belong to等。
如：The accident happened last night.事故发生在昨晚。
2.表示状态的动词没有被动语态。此类动词常见的有：have，own，fail，cost，fit，last(持续)等。
如：The trousers fit me well.这条裤子很适合我。
1.(2021泸州)“I'm still working because I'm still capable and hope to guide more young people，”said Wu Mengchao when he .
A.is interviewed B.is interviewing
C.was interviewed D.was interviewing
2.(2021苏州)Now teenagers to do voluntary work for their local communities.
A.are encouraged B.were encouraged
C.have encouraged D.are encouraging
C
A
3.(2021百色)Paper，one of the four greatest inventions in ancient China， _______ by Cai Lun about 2,000 years ago.
A.was invented B.is invented C.were invented D.are invented
4.(2021玉林)—Mum，I feel a little bit hungry now.
—These cakes with chocolate.Have some，please.
A.are filled B.filled C.fill D.are filling
5.(2021重庆A)A lot of trees in our city in spring every year.
A.are planted B.were planted C.plant D.planted
A
A
A
6.(2021江西)The man did a great job in fighting COVID-19. He on TV and becomes very known.
A.interviewed B.has interviewed
C.was interviewed D.will be interviewed
7.(2021铁岭葫芦岛)We can leave two hours earlier if the work .
A.completes B.completed
C.is completed D.was completed
C
C
8.(2021铜仁)—Why have I never seen this kind of mobile phone？
—Because it by HUAWEI last month.
A.was produced B.would produced C.has produced D.are produced
9.(2021襄阳)—This maths problem in half an hour.
—Don't worry.Mr Wang is good at maths.He can make it.
A.is working out B.would work out
C.should be worked out D.has worked out
A
C
10.(2021乐山)—Have you tasted zongzi，a kind of traditional Chinese rice dumplings？
—Sure.It's said that a lot of zongzi at the food factory twenty days ago.
A.are made B.were made C.made D.have been made
11.(2021达州)—Why do some whale have to ？
—Because humans catch whales for meat，fat and oil.Some of them are .
A.protect；dangerous B.protect；endangered
C.be protected；dangerous D.be protected；endangered
B
D(共17张PPT)
第28讲 动词的时态
名 词
考情分析预测
动词的时态
考点 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017
一般现在时 50题(词汇运用B) 41题(词汇运用A) 53题(词汇运用B) － 47、49、50题(词汇运用B)
一般过去时 8题(单项填空) 51题(词汇运用B) 44题(词汇运用A)；50题(词汇运用B) 43题(词汇运用A)；47题(词汇运用B) 8题(单项填空)
一般将来时 45题(词汇运用A) 8题(单项填空) － － 42题(词汇运用A)
名 词
考情分析预测
动词的时态
现在进行时 － － 8题(单项填空) － －
过去进行时 － － － 10题(单项填空) －
现在完成时 － － 50题(词汇运用B) － －
名 词
考情分析预测
动词的时态
分析近五年温州中考真题可知，动词的时态是必考点，每年2－5道，在单项填空和词汇运用中共考查20次。具体情况如下：
(1)在单项填空中，每年考查1道，共考查5次，且题干中出现时间标志词较少。涉及时态为：一般过去时(2次)、一般将来时(1次)、现在进行时(1次)、过去进行时(1次)。
(2)在词汇运用中，每年考查2－4道，共考查15次，常需根据上下文语境来判断。常考时态为：一般现在时(6次)、一般过去时(6次)、一般将来时(1次)、现在进行时(1次)、现在完成时(1次)。
考点探究突破
时态 基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
一般现在时 结构 主语＋am/is/are主语＋动词原形/动词单三形式 ①表示现阶段经常性、习惯性的动作，常与频度副词连用。
②表示客观真理、客观存在或自然现象。如：The earth moves around the sun.注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
③用在以if，unless，as soon as，when，once等引导的时间和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来时。如：I'll tell him the news when my brother comes back.If it doesn't rain，we'll go on a picnic.
④表示按计划或安排好的将要发生的动作，用一般现在时表将来，但仅限于start，begin，leave，go，come，arrive等。如：The train arrives at six.Please be patient.
标志词 ①频度副词：always，usually，often，sometimes，seldom，never，hardly ②频率词组：once a year，twice a month，three times a day等 ③其他词组：in the morning，on Sundays，at weekends，every day/year...(every系列)
考点探究突破
一般过去时 结构 主语＋动词过去式 ①表示过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
如：I got up at eight o'clock yesterday morning.
②表示过去常常或反复发生的动作，常与频度副词连用。
如：He often went to school by bus last term.
标志词 ①ago词组 ②yesterday ③last及last词组 ④just now，in the past，in 1920等 ⑤at the age of...，used to... ⑥one day，long long ago，once upon a time
考点探究突破
一般将来时 结构 主语＋will/shall＋动词原形 ①表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。
如：My friend will go to America in two days.
②be going to＋动词原形，表示计划、打算做某事，表示已决定的、很可能发生的事，或有某种迹象表明要发生的事。
如：What are you going to do next Sunday？
Look at the dark clouds.There is going to be a storm.(客观迹象)
③be doing表示将来，常用这种结构的动词有go，come，leave，stay，start，begin等，表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。
如：She is going there tomorrow.
④“be about to＋动词原形”和“be to＋动词原形”结构，表示即将(立即)发生的动作。
如：The train is about to start.
标志词 ①tomorrow，soon ②next week/month(next系列) ③in a week，in 2022，in＋一段时间 ④one day，in the (near) future
考点探究突破
一般将来时 结构 主语＋will/shall＋动词原形 ⑤用一般现在时表示将来的情况：
(1)表示按规定或时间表预计将发生的动作。
如：The meeting begins at 2：00 pm tomorrow.
(2)当主句为一般将来时时，在if，as soon as，until，when等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。
如：We'll go to the Great Wall if it doesn't rain tomorrow.
标志词 ①tomorrow，soon ②next week/month(next系列) ③in a week，in 2022，in＋一段时间 ④one day，in the (near) future
考点探究突破
现在进行时 结构 主语＋am/is/are＋动词现在分词 ①表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。
如：The students are doing their homework in the classroom.
②表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。
如：They are studying hard this term.
③go，leave，arrive，start等动词用现在进行时表示将来。
如：I'm leaving for Qingdao next week.
标志词 ①now，right now ②at present，at this time，at the/this moment ③these days ④when，while ⑤Look！Listen！
考点探究突破
过去进行时 结构 主语＋was/were＋动词现在分词 ①表示过去某一时刻或过去一段时间内正在进行的动作，或用另一动作来表示过去的时间。
如：He was reading when I came in.
②过去进行时常和always等频度副词连用，表示过去频繁发生的习惯性动作，此时的过去进行时带有一定的感彩。
如：Alice was always changing her mind.
标志词 ①then ②at that time，at ten yesterday，at this time yesterday ③when/while引导的表示过去时间的状语从句
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现 在 完 成 时 结构 主语＋has/have＋动词过去分词 ①表示过去发生的动作或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
如：I have seen the film already.
②表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态，也许还要持续下去，常和for，since连用，表示持续的动作或状态多为延续性动词。
如：We have lived here since 2000.
标志词 ①already，ever，never，just，yet，still ②recently，lately，so far，up to/till now ③in the past/last three years ④since 1998 ⑤for three years/for＋一段时间
考点探究突破
现 在 完 成 时 结构 主语＋has/have＋动词过去分词 ③特殊用法：
have gone to已去某地(未回)；have been to曾去过某地(已回)；have been in仍在某地
短暂性动词(瞬间动词)可以用于完成时，但不能与延续性的for...，since...连用，以及不能用于how long提问的疑问句中，常见的瞬间动词及其转换词组如下：
borrow→have kept；buy→have had；begin/start→have been on；stop→have been over；open→have been open；close→have been closed；leave→have been away from；die→have been dead
It is＋时间段＋since＋一般过去时的句子
标志词 ①already，ever，never，just，yet，still ②recently，lately，so far，up to/till now ③in the past/last three years ④since 1998 ⑤for three years/for＋一段时间
1.(2021淮安)—What's wrong with John's leg？
—He had a fall while he on the ice.
A.is skating B.skated C.was skating D.skates
2.(2021玉林)—Hey！ Kate，what about your last winter camp in Hainan？
—Oh！ It some sweet memories in my heart in the past several months.
A.leaves B.is leaving C.has left D.will leave
C
C
3.(2021安徽)—Our computer is working again！
—Yes.Our IT teacher it.It took him about an hour.
A.has fixed B.will fix
C.is fixing D.was fixing
4.(2021北京)—Peter， what are you doing？
—Oh，I a report about national heroes.
A.will write B.am writing
C.wrote D.have written
A
B
5.(2021黄冈)—Dad，I can't find my school ID card.Did you see it？
—No，I didn't.I think you it！
A.lose B.will lose
C.have lost D.are losing
6.(2021十堰)—Do you know Mount Wudang in Shiyan？
—Yes，I it twice.It's fantastic.
A.had climbed B.climb
C.climbed D.have climbed
C
D
7.(2021武汉)—Is Penny here？
—Not yet，but she in half an hour.
A.arrives B.will arrive
C.arrived D.has arrived
B(共35张PPT)
第27讲 动词及动词短语
名 词
考情分析预测
动词
考点 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017
实义动词词义辨析 14、18、22题(完形填空) 3题(单项填空)；13、19、20、24题(完形填空) 12、17、20题(完形填空) 13、19、24题(完形填空) 14、21、25题(完形填空)
系动词与助动词 － 41题(词汇运用A) － 3题(单项填空) －
名 词
考情分析预测
动词
用所给词的适当形式填空或根据中文提示填词 45题(词汇运用A)；50、51、54题(词汇运用B) 51、53题(词汇运用B) 44题(词汇运用A)；50、53题(词汇运用B) 43题(词汇运用A)；47、50题(词汇运用B) 42题(词汇运用A)；47、49、50题(词汇运用B)
动词短语 16题(完形填空) 14题(完形填空) 13题(完形填空) 9题(单项填空)；20题(完形填空) 19题(完形
填空)
情态动词 6题(单项填空) － 6题(单项填空) － 7题(单项填空)
分析近几年温州中考真题可知，实义动词词义辨析主要在完形填空中考查。
近五年实义动词词义辨析考点分布如下：
动词
B believe(2020.19)
C care(2018.19) catch(2020.13) count(2018.13) cry(2017.14)
D decide(2019.20) die(2020.24) draw(2020.3)
E explain(2018.24)
F fail(2020.20) forget(2021.22)
动词
G get(2019.12)
N notice(2021.14；2017.21)
S see(2021.18) spread(2017.25)
T think(2019.17)
考点探究突破
考点1：系动词
系动词本身没有实际意义，不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。
分类 常用词 例句
表示主语的状态、特征和身份等。 be(是；存在) look(看起来) seem(似乎) feel(感觉) appear(出现) smell(闻起来) taste(尝起来) sound(听起来) He is a good father.他是一位好父亲。
She looks younger than before.她看起来比以前年轻。
I feel sorry to hear that.听到那我很难过。
考点探究突破
表示主语从一种状态到另一种状态，但侧重于转变后的结果。 turn(转变) become(成为) get(得到) grow(增长) go(去) fall(跌落) come(来) prove(证明) Everyone will grow old.每个人都会变老。
After a few years，the things got worse and worse.几年后，情况变得越来越糟糕。
表示主语保持某种身份、特征或状态不变。 keep(保持) remain(仍旧) stay(保持) continue(继续) The old man stayed calm.老人保持平静。
Keep quiet while you're going around.参观时要保持安静。
考点探究突破
考点2：助动词
助动词本身没有意义或意义不完整，不能单独用作谓语。助动词在句中与实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语，以表示时态、语态、人称和数的特性。此外，还可以用来构成否定、疑问或强调的句型。具体用法见下表：
助动词 功能 例句
be 现在进行时 I am reading a book. 我正在看一本书。
过去进行时 I was cooking when my mum came back.当我妈妈回来的时候我正在做饭。
构成被动语态 The book was written by him.这本书是他写的。
考点探究突破
do 构成疑问句、否定句 Do you come from Japan？你来自日本吗？
加强语气 Do be careful！小心点！
代替主要动词 He could dance as well as he did before.他舞跳得和从前一样好。
构成否定祈使句 Don't smoke here！不要在这里吸烟！
have 构成完成时 I have been in Hong Kong for two days.我已经在香港待了两天。
will/shall 构成一般将来时：will/shall＋v.(would/should＋v.) He will go to America tomorrow.他明天将要去美国。
1.The white scarf I bought yesterday is made of silk.It ______so soft.
2.My parents ______ give me a present unless I pass the final exam.
3.I don't like drinking coffee with much sugar，because it ______ too sweet.
4.I told a funny joke to Mark，but he _______ quite serious.
5.Listen！The birds _____ singing in the tree.
feels
won't
won't，be，taste，feel，look
tastes
looked
are
考点探究突破
考点3：情态动词
A)情态动词的构成与用法
基本用法 表推测的用法
can ①表示能力，有“能”“会”“能够”的含义。如：Can you drive a car？ ②征求许可，意为“可以”，多用于口语中。(＝may，但没有may正式。)如：Can I use your bike？ ③could是can的过去式，语气比can更加委婉。 ④常考句型及回答：—Can I...？—Yes，you can./—No，you can't. ①表疑问的推测，意为“也许”(20%～80%的可能性)。如：Can it be true？
②表否定的推测，意为“不可能”(语气强烈)。如：Mr Green can't be at school.
考点探究突破
may ①表示许可或征求对方的许可，有“可以”的意思。如：May I use your computer？ ②might是may的过去式，表请求、许可时语气更加客气、委婉。 ③常考句型及回答：—May I...？—Yes，you may/please./—No，you can't/mustn't/had('d) better not. ①表示可能的推测，同can(20%～80%的可能性)。如：You may be right.
②表示否定的推测，意为“可能不”，语气不确定。如：It may not be my pen.
考点探究突破
will ①表将来或现在的习惯。如：He will come this afternoon. ②表征求意见，用于第二人称，如：Will you help me？ ③would是will的过去式。表征求意见，语气比will委婉。如：Would you mind my smoking here？ 表示推测，用于第三人称。如：—Somebody is coming upstairs.—That will be Mary.
考点探究突破
must ①表示义务，意为“必须”。 ②否定结构mustn't，表示“禁止”。如：You mustn't smoke here. ③常考句型及回答：—Must I...？—Yes，you must./—No，you needn't/don't have to. 只表示肯定的推测，意为“一定”(100%的可能性)。如：He must be ill.He looks pale.
考点探究突破
need ①作情态动词，意为“需要”。其否定式为：needn't“不必”。如：She need go there right now.
②还可用作实义动词，意为“需要，必需”，常用：need＋n./to do sth.。如：She needs some food and fruit.We need to repair the road now.
shall ①用于第一、三人称，表示征求意见或建议。如：Shall we go out for lunch？
②常考句型及回答：—Shall I/we...？—Of course./Sounds great./—Sorry，I'm afraid I can't./I'd love(like) to，but...
考点探究突破
should ①表示义务、责任，意为“应当”。如：You should pay for your taxes. ②用于各种人称，表示征求别人的意见或提出建议。如：You should finish your work first，Jim.
hadbetter 意为“最好”，没有人称和数的变化。 You'd better go there by bus.你最好乘公共汽车去那儿。
had better not 最好不要。 You had better not smoke.It's bad for your health.你最好不要吸烟。它对你的健康有害。
考点探究突破
B)常考易混辨析
1.can/could与be able to
can/could只能表示现在和过去的能力，be able to能用于各种时态。
如：Sam can speak English well.萨姆英语说得好。
Jim couldn't speak Chinese last year，but now he can.吉姆去年不会说汉语，但现在他会了。
was/were able to表示“设法做成某事”，相当于manage to do sth.。
如：I haven't been able to get in touch with her.我还没能和她联系上。
考点探究突破
2.must与have to
have to 意为“不得不”，有人称和数的变化。它与must的区别是：
have to多表示客观必要；must强调“内在的职责、义务”，强调人的主观看法；
have to可用于多种时态，而must一般用于现在时，其过去时与将来时分别为：had to与shall/will have to；
have to的否定式表示“不需要”，而mustn't则表示“禁止、不允许”。
6.(2021北京)—Sam， I join you in the community service？
—Of course you can.
A.can B.must C.should D.need
7.(2021武威)We try our best to fight against pollution.
A.should B.may C.mustn't D.needn't
8.(2021福建)According to the new regulation(规定)，school students _______ take their cell phones to the classroom.
A.wouldn't B.needn't C.mustn't D.couldn't
A
A
C
9.(2021黔东南)—Hi，Ann.Do you know where your English teacher Mr Liu is？
—He be in the classroom.It's the English class now.
A.can B.must C.may D.need
10.(2021常州)—Could you play the piano at the age of five？
—No，I .I started at six.
A.can't B.shouldn't C.needn't D.couldn't
B
D
11.(2021大庆)—Is that man your friend Tom？
—That man be him，because he has gone to Canada.
A.can't B.mustn't
C.needn't D.had better not
A
考点探究突破
考点4：动词短语(2021.16)
概念 动词跟一个或两个介词或副词构成固定词组后，在意义上和原来的动词不同，这种动词词组叫动词短语。
分类 动词＋介词(后需加宾语) ①arrive in/at到达 ②ask for要求 ③begin with以……开始 ④be from从……来
⑤be about大约 ⑥believe in相信 ⑦depend on依靠⑧get to到达 ⑨look for寻找⑩laugh at嘲笑 send for派人去请 wait for等待
考点探究突破
分类 动词＋副词 及物动词＋副词(后需加宾语，宾语为代词时放中间)。 ①carry out执行 ②find out查明 ③hand in上交 ④look up查找 ⑤pick up捡起 ⑥ring up给……打电话⑦set up建立⑧think about 考虑
不及物动词短语(后不加宾语) ①grow up成长 ②show off炫耀 ③set off/out出发
④stand up起立 ⑤wake up醒来
考点探究突破
分类 动词＋副词＋介词(后需加宾语) ①get on/along with与……相处 ②catch up with赶上；跟上③come up to走近④look down upon/on看不起
动词＋名词＋介词(后需加宾语) ①make fun of取笑 ②make use of利用
③make friends with和……交朋友
④shake hands with和……握手 ⑤pay attention to 注意
考点探究突破
常用 动词 短语 归纳 look ①look for寻找 ②look after照顾
③look over查看 ④look forward to盼望；向往 ⑤look at看着 ⑥look up抬头看；查(字典) ⑦look out当心 ⑧look out of从……往外看 ⑨look like看起来像
⑩look the same看起来一样
look through透过……看；浏览
考点探究突破
常用 动词 短语 归纳 put ①put off推迟 ②put on穿上；上演；增加
③put away把……收起来 ④put out扑灭
⑤put down写下 ⑥put back放回
⑦put up举起；建造；张贴
turn ①turn on打开 ②turn off关掉 ③turn up调高(音量)
④turn down调低(音量)；拒绝 ⑤turn to朝向
⑥turn into变成 ⑦turn... into... 把……变成……
考点探究突破
常用 动词 短语 归纳 get ①get on/along(well) with与某人相处(融洽)
②get up起床 ③get on上车(船、飞机、马)
④get off下车(船、飞机、马) ⑤get back回去
⑥get back to回到 ⑦get away离开；逃脱
⑧get down下来 ⑨get home到家
⑩get into进入；陷入 get out (of) (从……)出去 get to到达 get together聚会
考点探究突破
常用 动词 短语 归纳 take ①take off(飞机)起飞；脱掉(衣服)
②take away拿走 ③take out取出
④take pride in... 对……感到自豪
⑤take up 开始；占据 ⑥take care of照料
go ①go over温习；复习 ②go into走进
③go out出去；熄灭 ④go away走开
⑤go back回去；回顾 ⑥go by(时间)流逝；从旁经过 ⑦go down下降；下沉 ⑧go on继续
⑨go through经历
考点探究突破
常用 动词 短语 归纳 make ①make a decision做决定
②make sb.do sth.让某人做某事
③make a mistake犯错误
④make progress取得进步
⑤make friends with与……交朋友
⑥make up编造；虚构；打扮；构成；组成
⑦make a face做鬼脸
考点探究突破
常用 动词 短语 归纳 come ①come along出现；进展 ②come in进来
③come into进入 ④come out出来；出版
⑤come down下来 ⑥come from来自
⑦come back回来 ⑧come over过来
give ①give off放出；发出(气体、气味、烟雾、光、水、热等)
②give out停止运转；累倒；耗尽；用完；分发
③give away泄露；赠送
考点探究突破
常用 动词 短语 归纳 be ①be popular with受……欢迎 ②be strict with对某人严格
③be famous/known for因……著名
④be surprised at对……惊讶 ⑤be pleased with对……满意 ⑥be polite/impolite to对……有礼貌/不礼貌
⑦be thankful/grateful to对……感激 ⑧be busy with忙于
⑨be full of/filled with装满；充满
⑩be covered with用……覆盖
be proud of 为……感到骄傲 be ready to 准备做……
12.(2021乐山)—Are you kidding？ I can't believe it！
—I'm serious.I'm not a story.It really happened！
A.making up B.looking up C.taking up D.thinking up
13.(2021泸州)—Are you going to do a part-time job in your free time？
—Yes.I don't think I should always my parents.
A.turn on B.put on C.depend on D.come on
A
C
14.(2021黄石)It's parents' job to a clean and comfortable environment at home their children.
A.support；with B.offer；with C.give；for D.provide；for
15.(2021黔东南)—Yuan Longping people's food supply (粮食供应) around the world during his life.
—Yeah.He is regarded as the “Father of Hybrid Rice (杂交水稻之父)”.
A.looked up B.depended on C.cared for D.agreed with
D
C
16.(2021抚顺)Junior high school days are over and it's hard to our dear teachers and friends.
A.separate from B.deal with
C.believe in D.depend on
A
