译林版（2020） 必修第二册 Unit 4 Exploring Literature Reading 课件 -(72张ppt)

(共71张PPT)
Great literature is simply language
charged with meaning to the utmost possible degree.
— Ezra Pound
Lead-in (P43)
伟大的文学只不过是在最大程度上承载意义的语言。
—— 埃兹拉·庞德
Read the excerpts from the two books. Do they show anything in common
《大卫·科波菲尔》（David Copperfield）是 19 世纪英国现实主义文学代表作家查尔斯·狄更斯（Charles Dickens, 1812–1870）创作的长篇小说。作品
通过主人公大卫·科波菲尔从童年屡遭不幸到自学成才，直至成为著名作家的经历，描绘了 19 世纪维多利亚时代英国社会的广阔图景，展示了当时各个阶层的人物形象，反映了作者的生活哲学和道德理想。
《芒果街上的小屋》（The House on Mango Street）是墨西哥裔美国作家桑德拉·希斯内罗丝（Sandra Cisneros，1954–）的成名作。
小说通过一个小女孩童真的眼光观察周遭的世界，用 44 个相对独立的小故事描述了芒果街上的生活。
Both express a positive outlook in the face of adversity.
My meaning simply is, that whatever I have tried to do in life, I have tried with all my heart to do well; that whatever I have devoted myself to, I have devoted myself to completely; that in great aims and in small, I have always been thoroughly in earnest.
You can never have too much sky. You can fall asleep and wake up drunk on sky, and sky can keep you safe when you are sad. Here there is too much sadness and not enough sky. Butterflies too are few and so are flowers and most things that are beautiful. Still, we take what we can get and make the best of it.
What qualities do you think a great work of literature should have
Pre-reading
Unit4 Reading
The wonder of
literature
Read for structure
Para. 1
Para.2
Para.3
Para.4
Para.5
Para.6
Para. 1
Para.2
Para.3
Para.4
Para.5
Para.6
Para. 1
Para. 2
Para. 3
Para. 4
Para. 5
Para. 6
Introduction
Body
Summary
An introduction to the topic of “literature”.
Three significant qualities of literature
Definition of literature
Identify the structure
Read for details
What’s the story about
walk on the beach
shell
hold it to the ear
explain
Heard strange, low, musical sounds
the sounds are too faint for human ears
Unnoticed music of the old
Paragraph 1
1. What amazed the child was …! (line 5)
amaze v. to surprise sb.使惊奇
n. amazement
adj. amazing/amazed
be amazed at sb./sth.
be amazed to do sth.
in amazement
amazingly
We were amazed __________(find) that no one was hurt.
2. To my ___________(amaze), he remembered me.
3. __________ amazed me is how long she managed to
hide it from us.
4. __________(amaze), the meal in such a grand hotel
was so cheap.
5. _____ amazed her that he could be so calm at such a time.
Practice makes perfect.
to find
amazement
What
Amazingly
It
Paragraph 2
The topic sentence
Some such experience as this lies in store for us when we begin the study of literature.
the story of the man and the child
the study of literature
hear unnoticed sounds
analogy

analogy
3. … lies in store for us … (line 7)
in store for sb.: waiting to happen to sb.
即将发生在某人身上；等待着某人
I don’t know what life holds _______ store for me.
They think it will be easy, ______ they have a surprise in store.
in
but
3. She was still too young to know that life never gives anything for nothing, and that a price _____________________ what fate bestows(赠予).
always lies in store for
4. Let a little song appeal to the ear,…(line 8)
v. to attract or interest sb.吸引某人
v. to make a serious and urgent request 呼吁某人
appeal to sb. to do sth./for sth. 呼吁某人做某事
appealing adj. 有吸引力的；恳求的
The design has to appeal _____ all ages and social groups.
Police have appealed to witnesses _______ (come) forward.
Personally, village life is somehow more ___________ (appeal).
Practice makes perfect.
to come
to
appealing
承担着；被指控
在最大可能的程度上
经受时间的考验
致力于，献身于
非常真诚地
惊奇地
捕捉到一系列的声音
晕倒 微弱的；晕眩的
使某人感到惊奇
某事即将发生在某人身上
吸引;呼吁
be charged with
to the utmost possible degree
stand the test of time
be thoroughly in earnest
with wonder
catch a range of sounds
faint
devote oneself to/ be devoted to (doing)
amaze sb. (adj. amazing/amazed)
sth lies in store for sb
appeal to
Behind every book is a man, behind the man is the race, and behind the race are the natural and social environment.
The meaning
每本书的背后是一个人，一个人的背后是民族，民族的背后是自然和社会环境。
Rhetorical Device: Parallelism
From the ____________ expression on his face, we knew that he was __________ to take up the job, which needed great patience and ______________.
Verb Adjective Noun
determine
determination
determined
determined
determined
determination
I determine to study hard to make my dream come true.
I am determined to study hard to make my dream come true.
Adjectives Adverbs Nouns
important
significant
significantly
significance
importantly
importance
Read Para. 3-5 to finish the chart
Qualities of literature
(4)______________
Its permanence
(3)________________
__________________
_____________________
(2)__________________
_____________________
Its description of
truth and beauty
Its appeal to our
feelings and imagination
Universal interest
Personal style
hear unnoticed sounds

analogy
notice the unnoticed
truth and beauty
The quality
Its
Description
Of
truth and beauty
Paragraph 3
Read for details
----Paragraph 3
The examples
Yesterday’s flowers am I.
Photographed by Monica
And I have drunk my last sweet draught of dew.
5. … is capable of seeing the beauty… (line 19)
be capable of: having the ability or qualities necessary for doing sth. 有能力做某事
capability n.
incapable adj.没有能力的
1. If people keep telling you that you are ________ (capable), you begin to lose confidence _______ yourself.
2. I am _________(perfect) capable of doing it myself.
3. The issue was dealt with very ________(capable) by the police and security people.
Practice makes perfect.
incapable
in
perfectly
capably
The first quality of literature is its description of truth and beauty. Some truth and beauty remain unnoticed until a sensitive human soul brings them to our attention, just as the shell reflects the unnoticed sounds. A hundred men may pass a field and see only dead grass; but a poet stops, looks deeper, see truth and beauty, and writes, “Yesterday’s flowers am I”. One who reads it is capable of seeing the beauty that was hidden from his eyes before.
Point
Example & Evidence
Explanation & Expansion
Link
Read para. 3 and figure out the pattern of the structure.
In summary, literature is the expression of life in the forms of truth and beauty.
PEEL
paragraph structure
The structure is common in essay writing.
The second quality of literature is its appeal to our feelings and imagination. Its attraction lies more in what it awakens in us than what it says. When Christopher Marlow’s Doctor Faustus ask in the presence of Helen, “ Was this the face that launched a thousand ships ” he opens a door through which our imagination enters a new world, a world of love, beauty and heroism.
Point
Example & Evidence
Link
Explanation & Expansion
Read para 4 and figure out the pattern of the structure.
In a word, literature is the written record of man’s thoughts and feelings.
Paragraph 4
The quality
Its appeal
to our feelings
and imaginations
The examples
“Was this the face that launched a thousand ship ”
1. a. Let a little song appeal to the ear, or a great book to the heart, and we discover a new world, a world of dreams and magic. (para. 2, lines 8–9)
让一首小曲娱悦我们的耳朵，让一部巨著触动我们的心灵，这样我们便会发现一个全新的世界，一个充满梦想和魔力的世界。
to attract or interest sb
a quality that makes sb/sth attractive or interesting
b. The second quality of literature is its appeal to our feelings and imagination. (para. 4, line 21)
文学的第二个特质在于它能打动我们的情感，启发我们的想象力。
verb
noun
Point
The third quality of literature, coming out of the other two, is its permanence. To achieve this, it should contain two elements: universal interest and personal style. Good literature reflects the most basic of human nature—love and hate, joy and sadness, fear and hope. It also takes on a personal style—no writer can describe human life without reflecting his own life and experiences.
Example of personal style
Link
Example of universal interest
Explain & Expand
Read para 5 and figure out the pattern of the structure.
In conclusion, literature is the history of human soul.
8. … is its permanence . (line 26)
n. the state of lasting for a long time or for all time in the future 永久（性）
adj. permanent
adv. permanently
She had decided to settle ___________(permanent) in France.
Heavy drinking can cause permanent damage ___ the brain.
The spoken word is immediate but lacks ___________ (permanent).
Practice makes perfect.
to
permanence
permanently
Paragraph 5
Universal interest
01
Personal style
02
Permanence
The quality
Universal interest
the most basic of human nature
reflect



love and
hate
joy and
sadness
fear and
hope
6. To achieve this, it should contain two elements: universal interest and personal style. (para. 5, lines 26–27)
要实现这一点，它须包含两个要素：广泛的关切和个人的风格。
contain vt. to have sth inside it or as part of it
She was unable to contain her excitement.
The government has made great efforts to contain the epidemic.
vt. to keep your feelings under control
vt. to prevent sth harmful from spreading or getting worse
Personal style
WHY
No writer can describe human life without reflecting his own life and experiences.
Paragraph 5
Universal interest
01
Personal style
02
Permanence
The quality
the most basic of human nature
reflect
love
and
hate
joy
and
sadness
fear
and
hope
because
No writer can describe human life without reflecting his own life and experiences.
Paragraph 6
In summary, literature is the expression of life in forms of truth and beauty, the written record of man’s thoughts and feelings, and the history of the human soul.
7. In summary, literature is the expression of life in forms of truth and beauty, the written record of man’s thoughts and feelings, and the history of human soul. (para. 6, lines 31–32)
总之，文学是以真和美的形式对生命的表达，是人类思想和感情的写照，是人类灵魂的历史。
in summary
in general
in short
in conclusion
to conclude
on the whole
给……做出详细描述
保持未被人注意的状态
让某人注意到某事
能够做某事
在于
唤醒(v.)
在某人的面前
包含两个元素
呈现(某种特点)；承担（职责）
总之
give a detailed description of
remain unnoticed
bring sth to one’s attention
be capable of doing sth.
lie in
awaken
in the presence of sb/ in sb's presence
contain two elements
take on
in summary
1. What amazed the child was not a new world, but the unnoticed music of the old.
让孩子为之惊奇的其实不是一个新世界，而是旧世界那被人忽视的乐音。
2. Some such experience as this lies in store for us when we begin the study of literature.
当我们开始学习文学的时候，我们也会有如此这般的体验。
3. Behind every book is a man, behind the man is the race, and behind the race are the natural and social environments.
每本书背后都有一个人，此人身后是一个族群，这个族群背后是自然和社会环境。
Sentence Translation
4. He opens a door through which our imagination enters a new world, a world of love, beauty and heroism.
他打开了一扇门，通过这扇门，我们的想象力进入了一个充满爱、美和英雄主义的新世界。
5. In summary, literature is the expression of life in forms of truth and beauty, the written record of man’s thoughts and feelings, and the history of the human soul.
总之，文学是以真和美的形式对生命的表达，是人类思想和感情的写照，是人类灵魂的历史。
Post-reading: Practice and consolidation
Fill the blanks according to what you have learnt.
A child and a man were walking on the beach _______ the child found a shell and listened to it with ________. Those musical sounds from it were ______to human ears, strange but attractive. What ________ the child was the _________ music of the old.
Such experience as this lies ___________ us when we begin the study of _________. Let a little song _________ the ear, or a great book to the heart, and then we discover a new world
when
wonder
faint
amazed
in store for
appeal to
unnoticed
literature
Post-reading: Practice and consolidation
Fill the blanks according to what you have learnt.
of dreams and magic. To enter the new world, we need to love literature and ______________ understand it, because behind every book are complex natural and social ___________. Only when we get to understand all these in a book can we know what a book wants to speak. In a word, we have now reached a point _____ we desire to enjoy and understand literature. The first step is __________ the three __________ qualities of literature.
make an effort to
environments
where
to determine
significant
The first quality of literature is its __________ of truth and beauty. Some truth and beauty _______ unnoticed until a ________ human soul brings them to our ________, just as the shell _______ the unnoticed sounds. Only such a human soul ___________ seeing the beauty _______ in nature and recording them carefully in literature.
description
remain
sensitive
attention
reflects
is capable of
hidden
Post-reading: Practice and consolidation
Fill the blanks according to what you have learnt.
The second quality of literature is its ________ our feelings and ___________. Literature’s ________ lies more in what it ________ in us than what it says, and this finally opens a door ________ which our imagination enters the new world of literature.
appeal to
awakens
through
Post-reading: Practice and consolidation
Fill the blanks according to what you have learnt.
imagination
attraction
The third quality of literature is its ___________, which comes out of the two _________ mentioned above. To achieve this, it should _______ two _________: _________ interest and personal style. Good literature reflects the most basic of human nature and also __________ a personal style.
permanence
elements
universal
takes on
Post-reading: Practice and consolidation
Fill the blanks according to what you have learnt.
___________, literature is the _________ of life in forms of truth and beauty, the written _______ of man’s _________ and feelings, and the history of the human _______.
In summary
expression
record
thoughts
soul
qualities
contain
A child and a man ________________(walk) on the beach when the child found a shell and held it to his ear.
The child listened to the sounds ________ wonder.
_________ amazed the child was not a new world, ___________ the unnoticed music of the old.
Some such experience _____ this lies ______ store for us when we begin the study of literature.
Behind every book______(be) a man.
Unit 4
were walking
with
What
but
as
Text Review
is
in
6. _______ a word, we have now reached a point___________ we wish to enjoy and understand literature.
7. The first step is _____________(determine) some of its significant qualities.
8. The first quality of literature is its_____________(describe) of truth and beauty.
9. One ______ reads it is capable _____seeing the beauty that was hidden from his eyes before.
10. Its attraction lies more in what it awakens in us ________ what it says.
In
where
to determine
description
who
than
of
11.He opens a door through_________ our imagination enters a new world, a world of love, beauty and heroism.
12.The third quality of literature, __________(come) out of the other two, is its ____________(permanent).
13.It also takes _______ a personal style —no writer can describe human life __________ reflecting his own life and ____________(experience).
14. _______ summary, literature is the __________ (express) of life in forms of truth and beauty, the _________(write) record of man’s thoughts and feelings, and the history of the human soul.
which
coming
permanence
expression
without
experiences
on
In
written
Literature nourishes human soul.
Without literature, our soul would drift aimlessly in the darkness and loneliness.
So please lend an ear to the unnoticed sound from the world of literature!
1. Read the whole text again and try to summarize it.
2. Write a short paragraph, judging your favorite book by the three qualities of literature in the text. Introduce the book to the whole class.
Homework
description contain significant be capable of
element reflect in summary appeal to
reflects
appeal to
significant
description
contains
are capable of
description contain significant be capable of
element reflect in summary appeal to
elements
In summary
Synonyms
and
Antonyms
I. Examples from the passage
The second quality of literature is its appeal to our feelings and imagination. Its attraction lies more in what it awakens in us than what it says. (lines 21–22)
appeal:
n. a quality that makes sb/sth attractive or interesting
attraction:
n. a quality that makes sth seem interesting and enjoyable
Similar meaning
synonyms
Suddenly he heard strange, low musical sounds. (line 2)
Then the man explained that the child heard nothing strange, and that the shell caught a range of sounds too faint for human ears. (lines 4–5)
To enter and enjoy this new world, we need to love literature. (lines 9–10)
In a word, we have now reached a point where we wish to enjoy and understand literature. (lines 13–14)
Some truth and beauty remain unnoticed until a sensitive human soul brings them to our attention, just as the shell reflects the unnoticed sounds. (lines 15–17)
One who reads it is capable of seeing the beauty that was hidden from his eyes before. (lines 19–20)
Good literature reflects the most basic of human nature—love and hate, joy and sadness, fear and hope. (lines 28–29)
Love
Joy
Fear
Hate
Sadness
Hope
Opposite meaning
antonyms
Synonyms
a word or expression that has the same or nearly the same meaning as another in the same language
—Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary
Absolute synonyms
(绝对近义词)
Relative synonyms
(相对近义词)
word-building, word-formation
fatherland, motherland
mother tongue, native language
costly, expensive, dear, priceless, precious
pain, ache, pang
Antonyms
a word or expression opposite in meaning to another
—Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary
Root antonyms
(词根反义词)
Derivative antonyms
(派生反义词)
Jenny is young, but her father is old.
The watermelon is very large; however, the apple is very small.
Formed by adding affixes with negative meaning
Derivative antonyms
Prefix: un-, non-, in-, dis-, mis-, ir-, il- …
pleasant
polite
understand
unpleasant
misunderstand
impolite
Suffix: -free, -proof, -less …
tax
water
hopeful
tax-free
water-proof
hopeless
III. Application of antonyms and synonyms
Enlarge vocabulary
Enrich writing
How to enlarge vocabulary
Learning synonyms and antonyms can help remember the words you are trying to learn.
big: of more than average size or amount
large: a slightly more formal word than big, used to describe objects and amounts
major: (usually before noun) big and important
considerable/substantial: quite big, used especially about amounts
huge/massive/enormous: extremely big
great: (usually before noun) very big, used especially to describe the level or number of something
vast: extremely big, used about areas, distances, numbers or amounts
gigantic: extremely big and much bigger than other things of the same type
colossal: extremely big, used about amounts or objects
tremendous: having an extremely big effect
small: not large in size, amount or effect
little: (usually before noun) small, used about objects, places and living things. used especially with other adjectives to show how you feel about someone or something
low: used about prices, rents, levels or standards
slight: (usually before noun) small and not very important or not very noticeable
minor: small and not important or not serious
compact: small, used about places, buildings, etc. in which space is used effectively, or about phones, cameras, cars, etc. which are designed to be much smaller than usual
cramped: used about a space, room or vehicle that is too small because people do not have enough room to move around
tiny: very small, used about objects, numbers or amounts
minute: extremely small and extremely difficult to see and notice
How to enrich our writing
Using synonyms and antonyms can help you express yourself better by making your speech or writing richer and more colourful.
I took leave, and turned to the ascent of the peak. The climb was perfectly easy.
I admire his wisdom. I respect his generosity. Moreover, I think highly of him for his courage.
It would be foolish to ignore his advice. If I were you, I would take his words into serious consideration.
1. She has a bright future as a tennis player.
→ She has a ___________ future as a tennis player.
2. Success will stimulate people for fresh efforts.
→ Success will ________________________ people for fresh efforts.
3. I don’t know how she bears his cruelty to her.
→ I don’t know how she __________________________ his cruelty to her.
Using synonyms to change the underlined words
encourage/foster/promote
stands/tolerates/puts up with
promising
1. My parents always encourage me to develop my own ideas.
→ My parents _______________ me to develop my own ideas.
2. Their influence on the national economy should not be overlooked.
→ Their influence on the national economy should ___________________.
Using antonyms to change the underlined words
never discourage
be thought highly of