2023届高考英语非谓语动词讲义(含答案)

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名称 2023届高考英语非谓语动词讲义(含答案)
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版本资源 人教版(2019)
科目 英语
更新时间 2022-10-10 11:00:38

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非谓语动词
概念: 不充当谓语动词的动词形式 包括三种: 不定式 to do ,动名词doing,分词。
现在分词 doing 过去分词 done。没有人称和数的变化,它有时态和语态的变化。可以充当除了谓语以外的所有成分。现在分词doing和主语是主动的关系,和谓语动词同时进行;过去分词 done 和主语是被动的关系,动作先于谓语动词完成。
不定式 to do表示将来、目的。例如:My dream is to be a teacher.
3.动名词 doing ,表示动作的本身,相当于一个名词的
After kissing him,I ran away.
Kissed by him , I ran away.
To kiss him ,I ran away。
详解
动词不定式
定义:没有人称和数的变化 ,在句子当中不可以单独做谓语动词,
但是保留了部分的动词的特点,有自己的宾语和状语。
I want to do the homework.
2. 基本形式
①to do
例如:I like to cook myself.
② 不带to的动词不定式
例如:I make the garden more beautiful.
③ 省略to的动词不定式
Help your mother do housework please!
3.动词不定式的不同形式
主动式 被动式 意义 例句
一般态 to do to be done 与谓语动词的动作同时或在其之后发生 He’s said to go abroad next week
进行态 to be doing 与谓语动词动作同时发生 He is said to be studying abroad.
完成态 to have done 为了已经… to have been done 为了已经被… 先于谓语动词动作 He’s said to have studied abroad 。
完成进行态 to have been doing 先于谓语谓语动词的动作而又延续到谓语动词动作发生时 He’s said to have been studying abroad,but I don’t know which country he’s studying in。
4.在句中充当成分
(1)充当主语
To be a teacher is my dream.
在这种情况下,我们通常用it来做形式主语 ,把to do 放在后面.
例如:It is my dream to be a teacher.
这种句型也被称为it is 句型。以下为常遇考点。
①It is+ adj(for A) to do sth.对A来说做某事是……。
例如:It is happy for me to go for a trip.
②It is + adj of B to do sth. B做某事B是……。
of 用来形容人的特征。
例如:It is nice of you to help me.
作表语 表示主语的职 (2)充当表语
例如:My job is to teach students.
主语是aim(目标),purpos P.S: idea,intention ,plan,wish,decision,choice表语通常用to do
To
主语为what 引导的名词性从句
What amazes me most is to see him always busy.
如果主语部分含有行为动词do的时后,表语的to do可以 省略 to
What he wanted to do is (to) become a skillful worker。
充当宾语
后面可以接to do 作宾语的动词
决定学会想希望:decide,learn,want/would like , hope/wish
拒绝设法愿假装:refuse,manage,be willing/wish, pretend
主动答应选计划:offer,answer/promise ,choose,plan
同意请求帮一帮:agree/disagree, ask/help
P.S 动词不定式作宾语,后面有宾补的时候,常用it 作形式宾语,真正的宾语放在后面,常用动词如下:
consider,think,believe,feel,make,find it+ n/adj to do sth
例如:I find it difficult to speak English fluently。
I think it a great honor to be invited to visit your country。
(4)作补语
①to do 作宾补 ask sb (not)to do sth.常用动词如下:
ask, advise,allow,beg,cause,call on (号召),encourage(鼓励)
force(逼迫),forbid(禁止),order(命令),persuade(说服),permit(允许),require(要求),teach,tell,warn(警告),expect
例如:The teacher advised students to speak English in classes.
Banks encourage people to borrow money。
②to do 作 主补
sb be said/believed/known/reported/considered/found/thought to do sth
例如: He is thought to have invented the first telephone in the world。
补充: 不带to 的动词不定式作宾补
一感 feel feel sb do sth
二听 listen to/hear hear sb do sth
三使 make/let/have let sb do sth
五看 see/watch/look at/notice/observe (观察)
以上动词变成被动语态,要加上to be done
例如: I heard him sing in the room.
He was heard to sing in the room by me。