语法专题讲解 趣味英语介词 课件(共22张PPT)

(共55张PPT)
-English Class-
语法第七讲：介词
Teacher：Miss Guo
preposition
你能正确使用介词吗？
你知道哪些介词？
介词和名词有什么关系？
介词通常放在名词、名词性短语、代词或动名词之前，表示某人（物）与其他人（物）之间的关系。
e.g. On Monday we went to a supermarket.
介词
介词分类
时间介词
方位介词
易混淆介词辨析
介词分类
01
常用介词按词义分为时间介词、地点介词、方位介词、方式介词、原因介词等。
词类 例词
时间介词 at, in, on, before, after, from
方位介词 on, in, near, at, behind, between, beside, over, above, under, below, off, in front of
动向介词 to, into, up, down, across, through,
along, out of
方式介词 by, with, in
其他介词 for, of, with, about, like
02
时间介词
表示时间的介词 时间介词： in /at / on
How to use them
时间介词 in>1天
(1) 泛指一天的早上/下午/傍晚
in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午
in the evening 在晚上
(2) 表示周、月、季节、年等大于一天的时间
in a week 一周内 in a month 一月内
in March 在3月 in summer 在夏天 in 2021 在2021年
时间介词 on=1天
(1) 用在某一天
on April 20th 在4月20日 on September 1st 在9月1日
on the morning of...在...早上 on a sunny day 在一个阳光明媚的日子
(2) 用在星期前
on Friday 在周五 on Sunday morning 在周日早上
on the afternoon of Monday 在周一下午
(3) 用于节假日前
on National Day 在国庆节 on Christmas Eve 在圣诞节前夕
on New Year’s Day 在新年 on his birthday 在他生日那天
时间介词 at<1天
at 表示时间点”在...时刻 ”， 与具体的钟点搭配使用
(1) 用在具体的点钟前
at 1:00, at 2:00, at2:30,
(2) 用在正午，午夜
at noon 正午 at night 午夜
(3) 用于三餐前
at breakfast 在早餐时 at lunch 在午餐时
(4) 用于某些固定搭配中
at the moment 此刻 at the beginning 开始
at the end 最后 at that/this time 在那/这个时候
用法口决
in 年 、in 月、in 季节；
上午、下午、和晚上；
on 加日期、星期和周末；
还有具体某一天；
节日前面也用on；
at要加时间点；
中午、夜里和黎明。
at
on
in
三长（ in ） 两短（ at ） 被修饰 （ on）
三长: morning/ afternoon/evening
两短：noon/night
被修饰：on Monday morning
on a rainy day
on the morning of July 1st.
练一练
on
in
on
Santa comes to town __ Christmas
at
Click on the right preposition
in
on
He had lunch ___ noon
at
Click on the right preposition
at
in
Christmas is ___ 25th December
Click on the right preposition
on
at
on
He was born ___ 1987
Click on the right preposition
in
in
on
The bus is leaving __ two o’clock
at
Click on the right preposition
at
on
Click on the right preposition
America was discovered ___ 1492
in
at
on
She goes to the beach ___ Summer
Click on the right preposition
in
一首魔性英文歌曲，学完所有时间介词！
03
方位介词
方位是什么？有哪些方位？
方位介词
上，下，左，右，里，外……
In English
英语中有哪些介词可以表示方位？
表示上面，下面，里面：on, under, in, over
表示前，后，中间：in front of, behind, between
表示相邻，旁边: near, beside, next to
It is in the box.
in在...里面
Where is the ball
It’s on the box.
on在...上面
(表面上与物体有接触)
Where is the ball
It’s under the box.
under在...下面
Where is the ball
It’s behind the box.
behind在...后面
Where is the ball
It’s in front of the box.
in front of在...前面
Where is the ball
It’s next to the box.
next to在...旁边
Where is the ball
Where is the ball
It’s between the boxes.
between在...之间
The mouse is on the box.
He is in front of the box.
He is behind the box.
He is next to the box.
He is between the boxes.
He is under the box.
He is in the box.
He is in the cat’s mouth
04
易混淆介词辨析
（1）on 指“在……上面”表示与表面接触
There is a cup on the desk.
（2）over 指“在……之上”指垂直之上，正上方，其反义词是under。
There is a bridge over the river.
（3）above 指“在……之上”指相对高度，不一定是正上方，其反义词是below。
The plane flew above the clouds.
over， on， above（易混淆）
on
over
above
（1）below表示“在下方或位置低于……”，不一定有“垂直在下”之意
The temperature will fall below zero tomorrow.
（2）under表示“在……正下方”
There are many bikes under the trees.
below, under（易混淆）
below
under
【例题精讲】
例1. Do you see the kite the building.
A. over B. cross C. on D. above
例2. Two planes are flying___ the city.
A. through B. over C. on D. below
（1）in +表示大地点的地点名词（国家/城市等）
in Beijing 在北京
in New York在纽约
in China在中国
（2）at + 表示小地点的地点名词（学校/家等）
at home在家里
at airport在机场
（3）特殊的地点介词用法：
on the farm在农场
in the hotel在旅店
地点介词：in/ at/ on（易混淆）
He lives Shang Hai.
A. in B. at C. on
练一练
A
between, among（易混淆）
(1) between表示“两者之间”
There are many trees between the two buildings.
(2) among表示“没有明确数目的三者或三者以上之间”。
Share the fruit among your friends.
across, through（易混淆）
(1) across表示“横过；穿过；从一边到另一边” (表面)
He walked across the road carefully.
(2) through表示“从一头到另一头；穿过；从头到尾”（空间内）
He walked through the forest alone.
through
across
【例题精讲】
例1. That singer is very popular ________ young people.
A. in B. for C. among D. as
例2. The thief got in ________ the window.
A. through B. across C. past D.by
in front of, in the front of（易混淆）
(1) in front of 表示“在……之前”（范围外）。
There are some trees in front of the classroom.
(2) in the front of 表示“在……的前部”（范围内）。
Our teacher usually stands in the front of the classroom.
【例题精讲】
例1. Tom sits ____the classroom while John sits at the back of the room.
A. in front of B. in the front of C. in front of D. in the front of
例2. There is a fountain the building.
A. between B. in the front of C. in front of D. beside to
在表示某个位置的方向时，我们常用到in, on, to 这三个介词。这三个方位介词的区别如下：
(1) in在范围内
Beijing is in the north of China. 北京在中国的北部。（范围内）
(2) on是相邻且接壤
Canada is on the north of American. 加拿大在美国的北边。（相邻且接壤）
(3) to是相邻不接壤
Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中国的东面。（相邻不接壤）
in, on, to（易混淆）
【例题精讲】
用适当的介词填空：
1.Beijing is ________ the northwest of Shanghai.
2.Pudong is ________ the southeast of Shanghai.
3.The Philippines is ________ the Southeast of China.
4.Jiangsu is ________ the northwest of Shanghai.
Keys: to in to on
in the tree: 在树上（外来的，如鸟等）
on the tree:在树上（本来就有的，树上结的果子、树叶等）
in, on（易混淆）
There are two birds in the tree.
树上有两只鸟。
There are some apples on the tree.
树上有一些苹果。
Thank You
Teacher：Miss Guo