Unit10 Connections Period Two Lesson 1 学案（含答案）

UNIT 10 CONFLICTION
Period Two Lesson 1
课前自主预习
重点单词
1.theory n. ________
2.chain n. ________
3.impression n. ________
4.network n. ________
5.________ adj. 随机的，随意的
6.________n. 包裹；邮包
7.________ vt.&n.发表；发布；释放
8. ________ adj. 两月一次的； 一月两次的
9.________ n. 成语，习语；警句
1.学说，理论 2.一连串，一系列；链子，链条 3.印象，感想 4. 人际关系网，联络网；网络，网状系统 5.random 6.parcel 7.release 8.bimonthly 9.phrase
重点词块
1.communicate with sb. _____________ 2.regular communication _____________
3.事实上；实际上 _____________ 4. 与......最接近/靠近_____________
5.the rest of... _____________ 6.涉及；所指的是_____________
7.被连接到...... _____________ 8. a chain of _____________
9.不多于；不超过_____________ 10.as long ago as_____________
11. 尝试做_____________ 12.random sample _____________
13.target stranger _____________ 14.the last few decades _____________
15.被用作_____________ 16.television series_____________
17.成千上万的_____________ 18.email chain _____________
19.degree of separation _____________
1.和某人交流 2.有规律的交流 3.in fact 4. be closet to...
5.剩下的；其余的 6.refer to 7.be connected to... 8.一连串的；一系列的
9.no more than 10. 早在 11. try doing 12.随机样本
13.目标中的陌生人 14.the last few decades 15.be used as 16.电视剧；电视连续剧
17.thousands of 18.电子邮件链 19.分离程度
重点句式
1. “Six Degrees of Separation” refers to the theory that any person on Earth __________(可能被连接) to any other person through a chain of no more than five other people. （含有情态动词的被动语态）
2.The Hungarian author Frigyes Karinthy published a book called Everything Is Different in 1929, _____________________(在里面他介绍了.......的理念) friendship networks and his ideas influenced many of our early impressions of social networks. (in which的非限制性定语从句)
3.Once the parcel _____________(已经被收到) by this person, he/she would send the parcel onto a contact of theirs until the parcel could be personally delivered to the correct person. （过去完成时的被动语态）
1.can be connected 2. in which he introduced the idea of 3.had been received
课文预读
一、阅读理解
1.Research shows that the average person only has regular communication with between ______ people.
A. six and fourteen
seven and fifteen
eight and sixteen
no more than twelve
2.“Six Degrees of Separation” was first talked about as long as __________
A. in the 1920s B. in the 1940s
C. in the 1960s D. in the 18th century
3.Who chose a random sample of people in the middle of America and asked them to send packages to a stranger in the state of Massachusetts
A. Frigyes Karinthy. B. Kevin Bacon
C. The writer. D.Stanley Milgram
4.According to the text, what is the common of the Oscar-winning film “Babel” and the television series “Lost”
A. They are famous all over the world.
B. Both of them are broadcast in English.
C. They are both related to the concept of “Six Degrees of Separation”
D. They are finished in the mid-1990s.
5.What the main idea of the text
A. The development of “Six Degrees of Separation”.
B. Regular communication between people.
C. Any person on the earth can be connected to any other person.
D. The contribution of Frigyes Karinthy to “Six Degrees of Separation”.
1--5 BADCA
二、判断正误
1.Frigyes Karinthy is an Australian writer.
2. In fact we are closer to the rest of the world than we think.
3. In the 1950s, two scientists made an attempt to prove the theory mathematically.
4. The phrase “Six Degrees of Separation” were used as the title of many films and TV programmes.
5. The experiment by Columbia University involved 24,163 email chains with 18 target people in 13 different countries.
1--5 FTTFT
三、匹配段落大意
( )Paragraph 1 ( )Paragraph 2 ( )Paragraph 3 ( )Paragraph 4 ( )Paragraph 5 ( )Paragraph 6 Several experts tried use different method to the test the theory. The theory and the phrase was wildly used in the films and TV programmes. C.The result confirmed that the average number of links in the chain was six. D.What is “Six Degrees of Separation” E.A recent experiment of the theory was held in 2011. F.The concept was first talked about.
Paragraph 1--D Paragraph 2--F Paragraph 3--A Paragraph 4--B
Paragraph 5--C Paragraph 6--E
课堂新知讲练
词汇拓讲
1. theory n. 学说，理论
（P8）“Six Degrees of Separation” refers to the theory that any person on Earth can be connected to any other person through a chain of no more than five other people.
【翻译】六度分割理论（注：也有的翻译为小世界理论）指出：地球上的任何一个人可通过不多于五个人而联系起来。
【用法详解】
theory n. 学说，理论
该词还可以表示“原理；推测”。
There was a theory that he wanted to marry her.
有种观点认为他想娶她。
The theory has now been disproved.
这一理论现已证明是错误的。
And that's where the theory falls down.
这就是该理论的不足之处。
in theory 理论上
basic theory 基本理论
system theory 系统论
theory of relativity 相对论 theory of mind 心灵理论；心理理论
【归纳拓展】
theoretical adj. 理论的；理论上的；假设的；推理的
theoretical knowledge 理论知识 theoretical framework 理论框架
theoretically adv. 理论地；理论上
theoretically speaking 理论上说，就理论而言
theoretician n. 理论家；精通于理论的人
There was undeniably a strong theoretical dimension to his thinking.
不可否认，他的想法很有理论深度。
Theoretically, the price is supposed to be marked on the shelf.
从理论上说，价格是要标在货架上的。
It is theoretically possible for him to overrule their decision, but highly unlikely.
按理说他可以否定他们的决定，但是可能性很小。
A few months later, Dirac, at 31, became the youngest theoretician to win the physics NobelPrize.
几个月后，31岁的狄拉克获得诺贝尔物理学奖，是诺奖得主中最年轻的理论物理学家。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)This is certainly a ________(theory) risk but in practice there is seldom a problem.
(2)The problem is, the ________(theoretician) do not know a thing about software
development.
完成句子
(3)What are you basing ______ ______ on
你这种理论的根据是什么？
(4)There is a time-lag between ______ ______ and practical applications.
理论研究和实际应用之间存在时滞。
Keys: (1)theoretical (2) theoreticians (3)this theory (4) theoretical research
impression n. 印象；感想
（P8）The Hungarian author Frigyes Karinthy published a book called Everything Is Different in 1929, in which he introduced the idea of friendship networks and his ideas influenced many of our early impressions of social networks.
【翻译】匈牙利作家弗里杰 卡瑞斯出版了《一切都不相同》，在这本书中，他介绍了网络友谊的观点，并且他的观点影响了我们关于社交网络的印象。
【用法详解】
impression n. 印象；感想
impression在作名词时，还可以表示“效果，影响；压痕，印记；曝光”等含义。
My impression is that they are totally out of control.
我的认识是他们完全失去了控制。
The type of aid coming in makes no immediate impression on the horrific death rates.
这种即将到来的救助不会对恐怖的死亡率造成立杆见影的强烈影响。
He had apparently been under the impression that a military coup was in progress.
他显然一直认为一场军事政变正在进行。
impress vt. 盖印；强征；传送；给予某人深刻印象 vi. 给人印象
What impressed him most was their speed.
最令他钦佩的是他们的速度。
I've impressed upon them the need for more professionalism.
我已让他们明白更高专业性的需要。
impressionable adj. 敏感的；易受影响的
The law is intended to protect young and impressionable viewers.
该法律旨在保护年轻人和易受影响的观众。
impressionist n. 印象派画家；印象派作曲家；用滑稽方式模仿名流的艺人
adj. 印象派的；印象主义的
Here we already begin to see impressionist influence on his work.
这里我们已经开始看到印象派对其作品的影响。
impressive adj.感人的；令人钦佩的；给人以深刻印象的
He gave an impressive speech to a receptive audience.
他做了一次感人的讲演，听众深受感动。
impressively adv. adv. 令人难忘地；感人地
On the surface, the plant is impressively clean.
该工厂表面看起来干净地令人难忘。
impressiveness n. 令人难忘；印象性；感人
impressionism n. 印象派，印象主义
【归纳拓展】
impression of... 有……样的印象；对……的印象
impression on... 对……的印象
first impression 第一印象
give the impression 留下印象
under the impression 记得；在印象中
false impression 错觉；虚假印象
make an impression 让人眼前一亮；给人留下的印象
general impression 整体印象
lasting impression 长久的印象；不可磨灭的印象
impression management 印象管理；印象操纵
【易混辨析】
idea,concept,conception,thought,notion,impression
这些名词均有“思想、观点、观念”之意。
idea最普通常用词，几乎适用于任何方面的思维活动。
concept指从众多实例中通过概括、归纳而形成的对事物本质、全貌及其内部联系的概念或看法，常意为“观念；概念”。
conception通常指个人或一些人所持有的具体概念或念头，也可指概念的形成过程，含一定的想象和感彩意味，常意为“概念；设想”。
thought指以推理、思考等智力活动为基础的心理思维活动及其结果，常意为“思想；思考；想法；关心”。
notion指的是一种模糊的，变化的莫测的想法，无可靠的基础，未经深思熟虑的观点，常意为“想法”。
impression指外部刺激在思想中所产生的印象。
We each have a notion of just what kind of person we'd like to be.
我们每个人都对自己要做个什么样的人有各自的想法。
My conception of a garden was based on gardens I had visited in England.
我对花园的概念是基于我在英格兰参观过的一些花园的。
Alice had been so deep in thought that she had walked past her car without even seeing it.
爱丽斯陷入深深的思考之中，连经过自己的车都没看到。
She added that the concept of arranged marriages is misunderstood in the west.
她补充说包办婚姻的概念在西方被误解了。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)My first __________(impress) of him was favourable.
(2)You say something __________(impress) forgiving and dignified.
(3)__________(impress) changed the way that people thought about art ago.
(4)The most __________(impress) thing about him is his calm acceptance of whatever comes his way.
(5)An __________(impress) child reads this, and the next thing you know your whole family is out on the street.
完成句子
(6)She tried to ____ ____ _____ _____ _____ the interviewer.
她努力给主持面试者留个好印象。
(7)It ________ _______ me as a good place to live.
那地方没有给我留下适合居住的印象。
Keys: (1)impression (2) impressively (3) Impressionism (4)impressive (5)impressionable (6)make a good impression on (7)didn’t impress
3.random adj. 随机的，随意的
（P9）He chose a random sample of people in the middle of America and asked them to send packages to a stranger in the state of Massachusetts.
【翻译】在美国中部，他选择了一些人做随机的样本，并且要他们给在马萨诸塞州的一个陌生人寄送包裹。
【用法详解】
random adj. 随机的，随意的
The information is processed in a random order.
信息是按随机顺序处理的。
The survey used a random sample of two thousand people across the Midwest.
这项调查使用的是对中西部地区2000人的随机取样。
randomly adv. 随便地，任意地；无目的地，胡乱地；未加计划地
Researchers took 60 adults and randomly split them into three groups of 20.
研究人员选取了60名成人，随机分为3组，每组20人。
randomness n. 随意；无安排；不可测性
The strength of a password depends on its length, complexity and randomness.
密码的强大程度取决于它的长度、复杂度和随机性。
randomize v. 使随机化；做任意排列
randomized adj. [数] 随机化的，随机的
Properly randomized studies are only now being completed.
合理地随机化了的研究现在才接近完成。
“As soon as you extract the silk, you basically randomize the protein structure,” Dr. Porter said.
“提取出来的蛋白质其结构基本是随机的，”波特博士说。
randomization n. [数] 随机化，不规则分布；随机选择
【归纳拓展】
at random 胡乱地,随便地
random sample 随机试样，随机样本
random variable随机变量，随机变数
random walk随机游动，随机走动，乱行
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)My phone seems to switch itself off _________(random).
(2)Can I _________(random) the test sequence
(3)The game can't be truly random. Instead, it has to generate the illusion of _________(random)
while actually being carefully determined.
完成句子
(4)We received several answers, and we picked one _______ ______.
我们收到了好几个答案，就随机地拣选了一个。
(5)In the short term such markets are, as the phrase goes, a _______ ______.
正如俗话所说，从短期看，这类市场的走势可以用随机游走来形容。
(6)The piece of paper you have here_______ 250 names _______ ______ ______ a Manhattan
phone book.
你们手上的那张纸有250个名字,都是从曼哈顿电话薄里随机挑出来的。
(7)Another limitation of the study was that it _______ ______ ______.
这项研究的另一个局限性是它没有随机化。
Keys: (1) randomly (2) randomize (3) randomness (4)at random (5)random walk
(6)is; chosen randomly from (7)was not randomized
4.parcel n. 包裹；邮包
（P9）Once the parcel had been received by this person, he/she would send the parcel onto a contact of theirs until the parcel could be personally delivered to the correct person.
【翻译】一旦包裹被这个人收到，他/她就会把这个包裹送到他们通讯录中的一个人，直到这个包裹被当面送到那个正确的对象手中。
【用法详解】
parcel n. 包裹；邮包
They also sent parcels of food and clothing.
他们还寄送了成包的食物和衣物。
The parcel came in this morning's post.
这个包裹是今天上午邮送来的。
parcel还可用作动词，意为“vt. 打包；捆扎”。
I need a piece of string to parcel this up.
我需要一根绳子来把这东西捆起来。
Pay attention to how you parcel out your time.
关注你是如何分配利用时间的。
【归纳拓展】
part and parcel of... 不可缺少的一部分
parcel post 邮政包裹；包裹邮递
land parcel 地块
air parcel 空运
parcel out 分配；把分成几份
parcel of land地片
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)Accompanying the letter is _____ ______ ______ books.
信外随带书籍一包。
(2)But if you're unhappy with my methods, maybe you should _____ ______ the job to someone else.
你要不满意我做事的方法呢，你大可以把这些事儿再分包出去啊。
(3)Keeping the accounts is _____ ______ ______ ______ my job.
记账是我的主要工作。
(4)Learning about life in a new culture is _____ ______ ______ ______what newcomers
to America face.
学习在一种新的文化中生活是每一个新来美国的人要面对的事情中的重要部分。
(5)It is much quicker and handier than sending them by _____ ______.
这种寄送方式比包裹邮递方式更快更方便。
Keys:(1)a parcel of (2)parcel out (3)part and parcel of (4)part and parcel of (5)parcel post
5.bimonthly adj. 两月一次的；一月两次的
（P9)Amazingly, it only took between five and seven people to get the parcels delivered, and once released, the results were published in the bimonthly magazine Psychology Today.
【翻译】令人惊奇的是，只需要五至七个人递送这些包裹。这些结论公布以后，被发表在双月刊《今日心理学》上。
【用法详解】
bimonthly adj. 两月一次的；一月两次的
The People’s Bank of China and the FED have met in various occasions to discuss relevant issues. The bimonthly meeting held by Bank for International Settlements is one of those channels.
应该说，美联储的QE2已经酝酿一段时间了，人民银行与美联储在多种场合进行了多次沟通，国际清算银行每两个月举行一次的例会就是其中一个渠道。
bimonthly 也可以用作名词，意为“双月刊” ；它还可用作副词，意为“隔月地；一月两次地”。
This journal is bimonthly, and that one quarterly.
这本杂志是双月刊，那本是季刊。
Under the new plan, customers would pay $45 bimonthly, instead of $18 a month – a substantial increase.
根据新方案，顾客将每两个月支付$45，而不是每个月$18——一个相当大的增长。
【归纳拓展】
前缀bi-通常表示“双的；两个的；双方的”。类似的，含有前缀bi-的词主要还有：
biannual adj. 一年两次的
bicameral adj. 两院制的；有两个议院的
biculturalism adj. 双文化（生存或适应）能力的
biennial n. 二年生植物；二年一次的事
bilateral adj. 有两面的；双边的；双方的
bilingual adj. (能说）两种语言的
bilingualism n. 熟谙两种语言（的能力）
binary adj. 二进位的，二元的
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)He is _______(lingual) in an Asian language and English.
(2)But there are thousands of weekly, monthly, _______(monthly), or quarterly journals on topics
ranging from gardening to pop music.
(3)Officials last month downplayed his chances of making the _______(annual) and field world championships in August.
完成句子
(1)The famous _______ _______ International Affairs is one of them.
其中《国际事务》双月刊在国际上影响较大。
(2)A longitudinal investigation _______ _______ _______ _______ for one year adopting
respiratory health questionnaires.
采用呼吸系统健康问卷对所有学生进行纵向随访调查，每两个月随访一次，为期一年。
(3)The draft law was submitted for review by legislators at _______ _______ _______of the
National People's Congress (NPC) Standing Committee, which runs from Monday to Sunday.
这份法律草案是由人大委员在全国人大常务委员会双月会议上提出的，该会议的举行期为本周一到周日。
Keys: (1)bilingual (2)bimonthly (3)biannual (4)bimonthly journal (5)was carried out bimonthly (6)the monthly session
句式解读
(P9)Then, more films and TV programmes based on on the concept were made and broadcast.
【翻译】后来，更多的以这个概念为基础的电影和电视节目被制作、传播。
【考点提炼】
based on on the concept 是过去分词短语作后置定语。
【归纳拓展】
定语用来修饰、限定、说明或补充名词或代词的品质与特征。
定语不仅仅是形容词，名词、介词短语、非谓语动词（动词不定式，现在分词，过去分词动名词）和从句都可以作定语。
一般说来，定语放在所修饰名词的前面。单个的形容词、名词、现在分词、过去分词以及动名词作定语，都是放在所修饰词的前面，称为前置定语。
What are the most widely spoken languages
最常用的语言有哪些？
It's an interesting movie.
这是一部有趣的电影。
但和汉语句型不同的是，很多时候，定语在句子中是放在被修饰词的后面，我们称为后置定语。
下面我来为大家全面简单的总结一下后置定语：
一、单词后置
1.形容词
英语中部分以a开头的形容词做定语要后置：alive, asleep, alone，awake等
I'm the proudest father alive.
我是这世上最骄傲的父亲。
Money alone can't make you happy.
单靠金钱不能让你快乐。
为了修辞，句子平衡等需要，其他形容词做后置定语也很常见
2.表示时间、地点、方位的副词
副词一般做状语，但表示时间、地点、方位的副词有时做定语。
On the way back, we were caught up in the rain.
在回来的路上，我们被雨淋了。
He is preparing for the lecture tomorrow.
他正在为明天的讲座做准备。
二、短语后置
形容词短语、介词短语、动词不定式短语、动名词短语、现在分词短语、过去分词短语做定语，后置。
It's a hot Summer day full of surprise.
这是一个充满惊喜的炎热夏日下午。
Is Boston the capital of Massachusetts
波士顿是马萨诸塞州的首府吗？
The boys wearing blue uniforms are students from No.12 Middle School.
穿蓝色校服的男孩是第十二中学的学生。
The lake house used in 'The Godfather: Part II'is now up for sale for $5.5 million.
《教父II》中的湖边别墅现在以550万美元的价格出售。
My grandfather had a big family to support.
我祖父有一大家人要养活。
三、修饰不定代词后置
不管是单词还是短语，做定语都放在不定代词之后：
When you feel tension building, find something fun to do.
当你感到紧张时，找点有趣的事做吧。
Nothing in lifeis to be feared. It is only to be understood.
生活中没有什么可怕的东西，只有需要理解的东西。
I despise anyone who is cruel to animals.
我鄙视任何对动物残忍的人。
四、定语从句
J.K. Rowling bought her childhood home that inspired parts of ‘Harry Potter’.
J.K.罗琳买下了她童年时期的家，这里曾带给她《哈利波特》的灵感。
The artist who makes portraits on glass with just a hammer.
用锤子在玻璃上画肖像的艺术家。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)Sorry, this is the only room ___________.
抱歉，这是唯一可用的房间了
(2)The weather________ is damp and hot in May.
五月这里的天气又湿又热。
(3)People ________ _______ ________ love basketball.
全世界的人都喜欢篮球。
(4)The weather__________ ________ ________ ________ is as cool as in Spring.
昆明夏天的天气和春天一样凉爽。
(5)It seems he always has too much work__________ _________.
他似乎总有忙不完的工作。
(6)There is __________ ___________ with this window.
这扇窗出毛病了。
(7)Mary dances better than __________ _________ in the class.
玛丽跳舞跳得比班上任何人都好。
(8)You are a friend upon __________ _________ __________ _________.
你是我可以信赖的朋友。
Keys: (1)available (2) here (3)around the world (4) in Kunming in Summer
(5) to do (6)something wrong (7)anyone else (8)whom I can rely
2.(P9)Soon the game was being played in universities across the United States.
【翻译】不久，这个游戏在美国各地的大学开展起来了。
【考点提炼】
was being played是过去进行时的被动语态，由was/were+being+不及物动词的过去分词构成。
【归纳拓展】
过去进行时被动语态表示过去某个时刻正在进行或者发生的被动性的动作。肯定结构为 was/were + being + 过去分词；否定式结构为was/were not+ being + 过去分词
Computer was being majored by him during his college.
他那时正在大学学计算机专业。
Another bridge was being built over the Changjiang River then.
那时长江上正在建造另一座大桥。
The movie star wasn't being stalked by a fan. 那个电影明星正在被一个粉丝跟踪.
过去进行时态的被动语态的一般疑问句需将was/were提到主语的前面。（回答用yes或no）
Was a new library being put up in their school just then？
他们学校当时正在建一座新图书馆吗。
过去进行时态的被动语态的特殊疑问句为：疑问词+was/were+(主语)+being+done。
What was being done to the machine 对这台机器要采取了什么措施？
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)A story ________ ________ ________(tell) by Peter's mother to Peter.
(2)Tom ________ ________ ________(praise) a story by his teacher.
(3)New houses ________ ________ ________(build) here this time last year.
(4)Trees ________ ________ ________(plant) by them at this time yesterday.
(5)——Why didn't they drive there on time
----Because the road ________ ________ ________(mend).
Keys: (1)was being told (2)was being praised (3)were being built (4)were being planted
(5)was being mended
完成句子
(1)He said that the man __________ __________ __________ on.
他说那个人正在被动手术。
(2)He told me that a new station __________ __________ __________.
他说正在修建一个新车站。
(3)The feast __________ __________ __________ when it began to snow outside.
宴会正在准备之中,这时外边下起了雪。
(4)He said many activities __________ __________ __________ for the celebration of the company's 60th anniversary.
他说为纪念公司成立60周年,许多活动都在筹划中。
(5)This road __________ __________ __________ this time last year.
这条路去年这个时候还在修建。
(6)_________ the TV set__________ __________ this time yesterday
昨天这个时候电视机正在被修理吗？
(7)The man __________ __________ __________ by the police at that time.
那个人当时正在接受经常的盘问。
Keys:(1) was being operated (2)was being built (3)was being prepared (4)were being planned (5)was being built (6)Was; being fixed (7)was being questioned
课文读练专训
一、课文语法填空
In the 1950s, an attempt was made by two scientists to prove the theory mathematically; but after twenty years, they still had not had any success. In 1967, 1. American sociologist called Stanley Milgram tried using a new method to test the theory, 2. he called the “small-world problem”. He chose a random sample of people in the middle of America and 3. (ask) them to send packages to a stranger in the stage of Massachusetts. The people 4. (send) the packages only knew the name, job and general location of the stranger. Milgram told them to send the package to a person they knew personally who they thought might know the target 5. (strange). Once the parcel 6. (receive) by this person, he/she would send the parcel onto a contact of 7. (they) until the parcel could be personally delivered to the correct person. 8. (amazing), it only took between five and seven people to get the parcels delivered, and once released, the results were published in the 9. (monthly) magazine Psychology Today. It was this research 10. inspired the phrase “Six Degrees of Separation”.
Keys: 1. an 2. which 3.asked 4. send 5.strange 6.had been received 7.theirs 8.Amazingly 9.bimonthly 10.that
二、完成句子
(1)My visit to India in 1986 left _____ _____ ______ _____ me.
1986年的印度之行给我留下了难忘的印象。
(2)The results I have seen _____ _____ ______ and rapid impact on health outcomes.
我所看到的结果表明对健康结果的深刻和迅速的影响。
(3)The winning numbers _____ _____ ______ by computer.
中奖号码是由电脑随机选取的。
(4)In the past, students were recommended to buy a thick _____ _____ as a tool to
learn English.
过去，学生会被建议去买一本厚厚的双语词典作为学习英语的工具。
(5)Sometimes I even have belief that this feeling is_____ _____ ______ _____my self.
有时我甚至相信这种感觉就是自我的一个不可或缺的部分。
Keys: (1)an unforgettable impression on (2)show an impressive (3)are randomly selected (4)bilingual dictionary (5)part and parcel of
三、概要写作
根据课文内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version:
“Six Degrees of Separation” refers to the theory that any person on Earth can be connected to any other person through a chain of less than five other person(要点1). It was introduced by Frigyes Karinthy in 1929(要点2). In 1967, Stanley Milgram proved it(要点3). In the last few decades, the theory and the phrase have appeared again(要点4). Since then on, it was more popular(要点5).
突破语法
【例句观察】
1.Some pens were bought for his children by him.
2.The hurt player was being carried by them .
3.Ten bridges had been built by them.
【我的领悟】
以上三个例句均为与_______(现在/过去/将来)的被动语态。一般过去时的被动语态结构为：____________，如句1；过去进行时的被动语态结构为：____________，如句,2；过去完成时的被动语态结构为：____________，如句,3。以上三个句子中的动词bought, carried和built均为________（及物动词/不及物动词）。
Keys:
过去；was/were+done(过去分词)；was\were+being+done(过去分词)；had+been+done(过去分词)；及物动词
语法课堂
表示过去的被动语态
在英语语法中，通常有现在、过去、将来和完成等四个方面的时态。这四大类的时态，都有自己的被动形式。
1. 被动语态的构成
被动语态的基本结构是“助动词be +过去分词”。被动语态的谓语动词有各种时态变化，以动词take为例，将被动语态常见时态的动词形式列表如下：
一般现在时am/is/are taken
现在进行时am/is/are being taken
现在完成时have/has been taken
一般将来时will/shall be taken
一般过去时was /were taken
过去进行时was/were being taken
过去完成时had been taken
过去将来时would/should be taken
Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.
A new cinema is being built here．
I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.
A meeting was being held when I was there.
Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.
The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.
2.与过去时态有关的被动语态
与过去有关的时态主要为：一般过去时，过去进行时，过去完成时和过去将来时。本单元主要是学习一般过去时，过去进行时和过去完成时等三个不同时态的被动语态。
(1)一般过去时的被动语态
The house was built ten years ago. 这座房子是10年前建的。
He was taken to the police station. 他被带到了警察局。
从上面的例句可以看出，一般过去时的被动语态结构为：was/were+及物动词的过去分词。句子的主语分别是the house（物），he（人）。Build,take都是可带宾语的及物动词。第一个句子还含有鲜明的，表示过去的时间状语ten years ago。第二个句子则没有明确的时间状语。
过去进行时的被动语态
　He said that the man was being operated on. 他说那个人正在动手术。
　He told me that a new station was being built. 他说正在修建一个新车站。
They told me that the case was being investigated. 他们告诉我案子正在调查。
从上面的例句可以看出，过去进行时的被动语态结构为：was/were+being +及物动词的过去分词。从例句我们也可以看出，过去进行时的被动语态常出现在宾语从句中。当然，偶然也可以独立出现在文章中。
The railway was being built this time last year. 去年这个时候这条铁路正在修建。
A meeting was being held when I was there. 当我在那里的时候，一个会议正在举行。
（3）过去完成时的被动语态。
By the end of last month, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.
到上个月底，另一座新的体育馆在北京建成了。
The new railway had been built by the end of last year. 这条铁路在去年年底前已经建成了。
He said the work had been finished. 他说工作已完成了。
从上面的例句可以看出，过去完成时的被动语态结构为：had been +及物动词的过去分词。通常，过去完成的被动语态有具体的时间状语，如上面例句中的by the end of last year,by the end of last month。
特别提醒
只有及物动词和及物短语动词才可以有被动语态不及物动词，不及物短语动词或系动词都不可以有被动语态，如happen, go on , take place , belong to , sound, feel等。如：
This room belongs to me. 这房子属于我。不可以说：This room is belonged to me .
This music sounds sweet.这音乐听起来很悦耳。不可以说：This music is sounded sweet.
追踪练习
请用适当的时态语态补全下面的句子
1.A dog ___________________(knock) down by a car yesterday.
2.Mary’s bike ___________________(steal) just now.
3.Two boys ___________________(find) cheating in yesterday exam.
4.Fortunately no one ___________________(hurt) in the fire.
5.The dinner ___________________(prepare) well when I arrived home.
6.All work___________________(finish) before the boss came back.
7.I found many trees ___________________(destroy) by the storm.
8.After school we went to the reading room. But it ___________________(decorate).
9.Some delicious food ___________________(cook) by my mom when I came back home.
10.The door ___________________(close) by him.
Keys: 1.was knocked 2.was stolen 3.were found 4.was hurt 5.had been prepared
6.had been finished 7.had been destroyed 8.was being decorated 9.was being cooked
10.was being closed
随堂知能小练
一、单词拼写
1.Becoming your own person ________(释放) your creativity.
2.A ________(一连串) of things is a group of them existing or arranged in a line.
3.Los Angeles-based Univision is a Spanish-language broadcast television ________(网).
4.What happens when the order of the index column is r________(随机的)
5.A p________ is a short group of words that people often use as a way of saying something. The meaning of it is often not obvious from the meaning of the individual words in it.
Keys: 1. releases 2. chain 3. network 4. random 5.phrase
二、单句语法填空
1.He ___________________(release) from custody the next day.
2.The books ___________________(carry) to another room then.
3. His newly written novel ___________________(translate) into English by the end of last month.
4.They ___________________(random) selected about half of the patients to undergo supportive
group therapy once a week.
5.Psychological and ___________________(sociologist) studies were emphasizing the importance of the family.
Keys: 1.was released 2. was being carried 3. had been translated 4. randomly
5.sociological
三、完成句子
1.The _______ _______ requests is around 85,000 requests per hour.
请求的平均数量在每小时 85,000 个请求左右。
2. _______ _______ _______ _______ 1983, researchers first isolated HIV from people with AIDS.
早在1983年，研究人员们就首次从艾滋病患者身上分离出HIV病毒。
3.He tried various jobs and _______ _______ _______ became an accountant.
他尝试过各种各样的工作，最后当上了会计。
4.A grand art and cultural show would be held in our school _______ _______ _______ _______ celebrating the 70th anniversary of our motherland.
我们学校将会举行一场盛大的文艺表演以庆祝祖国母亲70周年生日。
5.If you are not prepared, then you will not be able to _______ _______ our class
discussion.
要是你没准备的话，你就不能参加课堂讨论。
Keys:1.average number 2. as long ago as 3. in the end 4. with the aim of
5. participate in