Unit11 Conflict And Compromise Period Two Lesson1 学案（含答案）

Period Two Lesson 1
课前自主预习
重点单词
1.pack vi.&vt. ____________ n. ____________
2.tank n. ____________
3. plug vt. ____________
4.complaint n. ____________
5.vote n. ____________
6.resolution n. ____________
7. warning n. ____________
8.cease vi.&vt. ____________
9.property n. ____________
10.chorus n. ____________
11.departure n. ____________
12.prejudiced adj. ____________
13.bitter adj. ____________
14.____________adv. 尽管如此；至少
15.____________adj. 偏僻的，偏远的
16.____________n. 边缘，外围
17. ____________vt. 逮捕，拘捕；抑制；阻止
18.____________n. （男装）裁缝
19.____________adj. 礼貌而友善的，和蔼可亲的
20.____________n. 暴力行为，暴力
21.____________adv. 确实地
22.____________vt. 忍受；忍耐；容忍，容许；宽容
23.____________adj. 无提防之心的，无疑心的
24.____________vi.&vt. （使）担心，（使）生气，（使）苦恼
25.____________vi.&vt. 回想，回忆起
1. vi.&vt.（把......）打包 n. 包，包裹 2.（储存液体或气体的）箱，罐 3.把......塞住，堵塞；填塞 4.投诉 5. 投票（指行为）；票数 6.决定；解决 7.警告，警示；告诫 8.停止，终止，结束9.房产；所有物；财产 10.齐声；副歌；合唱团 11.离开；启程 12.有偏见的，有成见的，歧视的 13.愤愤不平的；带来痛苦的，令人难过的；苦的
14.anyhow 15. remote 16. edge 17. arrest 18. tailor 19. pleasant 20. violence 21. literally 22. tolerate 23. unsuspecting 24. bother 25. recall
重点词块
1.rock band _____________ 2.be in trouble_____________
3.be driven mad by_____________ 4.a full night’s sleep_____________
5.从那时起_____________ 6.采取行动_____________
7.对......有偏见_____________ 8.在.......的边缘_____________
9.fish tank_____________ 10. hit sb. over the head_____________
11.once too often_____________ 12. end up_____________
13.in a flash_____________ 14.a large crowd of_____________
15.湿透_____________ 16.一次暴力行为_____________
Keys: 1.乐队 2. 处于困境中；有麻烦 3. 被逼疯 4. 整晚的睡眠 5. from then on 6. take action 7.be prejudiced against 8.on the edge of.... 9. 鱼缸 10. 击打某人的头部 11.又一次；常常 12.结束；告终 13. 刹那间；瞬间；立刻 14.一大群 15.be wet through
16.an act of violence
重点句式
1.The flat-owner said if he had known that Ma Ming was a drummer, he _______________(不会把这个公寓租给他). (虚拟语气）
2.____________________________() is important for people’s health and, after such a chorus of complaints, we had to take action. (动名词短语作主语)
3. For the last two weeks, since Smith moved into the flat above us, we __________________(不敢去) onto our balcony. (情态动词的否定式)
4.She added that it was ____________ the water falling onto their balcony from Smith watering his plants that bothered them, ___________ the way he cleaned his fish tanks. (不仅......而且......)
1.wouldn’t have rented the flat to him 2.Getting enough sleep 3.dared not go 4.not only; but also
课文预读
一、阅读理解
1.What caused Ma Ming’s neighbours to drive mad late at night
A.Singing songs. B. The noise of drumming.
C. Holding parties. D. Complaints from other people.
2.One neighbour also claimed that Ma Ming had a bad influence on his __________.
A. son B. daughter C. old parents D. wife
3.Where did the writer find Ma Ming to know more about the incident
A. In Beijing. B. In Xi’an. C. In Guangzhou. D.In Shanghai.
4.Who spent a Saturday night in a cell at last
A. James Mckay. B. Keith Smith. C. Laurence. D. Ma Ming.
5.Which of the following is NOT true
A. James Mckay is 80 years old.
B. Keith Smith was hit over the head by James Mckay with a walking stick.
C. Keith Smith moved into the flat above James Mckay about two weeks ago.
D. James Mckay is a retired tailor, a keen gardener and a stamp collector.
1--5 BADAD
二、判断正误
1.Ma Ming moved out of his rented flat because of his drumming late at night.
2. The flat owner had known Ma Ming’s job before he rented his flat to Ma Ming.
3. Neighbours weren’t happy even Ma Ming moved out of this neighbour.
4. In fact, Mckay is usually a peaceful and pleasant person.
5. Laurence dared not go onto her balcony because there was something scared.
1--5 TFFTF
课堂新知讲练
词汇拓讲
1.cease vt.&vi. 停止，终止，结束
(P30)We told him that he ought to cease drumming or leave the property...
【翻译】我们告诉他，他应该停止击鼓，或者离开这个房子.......
【用法详解】
cease vt.&vi. 停止，终止，结束
I think and think and cannot cease from thinking.
我想了又想，一直想个没完。
I must ask you to cease talking against your own comrades.
我请你不要讲自己同志的坏话。
Cease to struggle and you cease to live.
生命不止，奋斗不息。（Thomas Carlyle/卡莱尔）
也可用作名词，意为“停止；停息”
We worked without cease to get the project finished on time.
我们不停地生产以便按时完成计划。
They worked on without cease.
他们不停地工作下去。
【易混辨析】
1.cease,pause,stop,halt,quit
这些动词均含有“停止”之意。 cease指逐渐、徐徐中止某种状态的存在。书面用词。 pause指暂时的、瞬间的停顿，隐含有再进行之意。 stop指动作、运行、进展等被停下来，含突然、断然的意味。 halt侧重突然地、决定性地终止、停止某一活动。 quit指最终彻底停止某事，有时暗示遭到失败或面临挫折。
2.break,rest,pause,interval,recess,cease,stop
这些名词均含有“中止，停止，休息”之意。 break非正式用词，指突然的或短时间的中止，如工作或活动期间接短暂休息。 rest指统称的休息。 pause指短暂的中断或停止，含再进行下去的意味。 interval指一出戏在幕与幕之间，音乐会上下串场之间或演出中预先安排的休息；也可泛指事件之间的一段时间。 recess正式用词，指业务活动或工作中短暂的或长时间的休息。 cease正式用词，侧重逐渐结束某活动或状态，含永远结束的意味。 stop普通用词，指迅速或突然中止某行为、活动或状态。
【归纳拓展】
cease and desist order 结束和停止命令
ceaseless adj. 不断的；不停的
We are not at rest; we are on a journey, our life is a movement, a tendency, a steady,
ceaseless progress towards an unseen goal.
我们不是在休息，我们在旅途中。生命是一种运动，一种趋势，一个稳步、持续的通往一个未知目标的过程。
ceaselessly adv. 不断地；不停地
He, on his chair, scarcely looks at her and smokes ceaselessly.
他坐在椅子上，不怎么看她，只是不停地抽烟。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)You cease _________(grow) once you stop learning.
(2)There is a __________(cease) struggle from noon to night.
(3)The papers showed "a __________(cease) quest by scientists over the centuries...to test and build on our knowledge of humankind and the universe."
(4)The organ works __________(cease), beating 100, 000 times a day, 40 million times a year —in total clocking up three billion heartbeats over an average lifetime.
完成句子
(5)The general ordered his troops ________ ________ _________.
那位将军命令他的军队停火。
(6)I think and think and ________ ________ _________ _________.
我想了又想，一直想个没完。
(7)Everyone hopes that tomorrow's negotiation ________ ________ _________ _________.
每个人都希望明天的谈判可以停止这场战争。
Keys: (1) to grow (2) ceaseless (3) ceaseless (4) ceaselessly (5)to cease fire
(6)cannot cease from thinking (7)will cease the war
2.complaint n. 投诉
(P30)He moved out of his rented flat after complaints from his neighbours about disturbing the peace.
【翻译】在接到邻居们关于扰乱安宁的投诉下，他搬离了租居的公寓。
【用法详解】
complaint n. 投诉
There's been a record number of complaints about the standard of service.
已有对服务水准的创纪录数量的投诉。
They argued him into withdrawing his complaint.
他们说服他撤回了投诉。
We have been bombarded with letters of complaint.
我们接二连三收到了大批的投诉信件。
complaint还可以意为“诉苦；疾病；委屈”；其复数形式为complaints。
My main complaint is that we can't go out on the racecourse anymore.
我抱怨的主要缘由是我们无法再去外面的赛道了。
Eczema is a common skin complaint which often runs in families.
湿疹是一种常见的皮肤病，常会遗传。
【归纳拓展】
a complaint about... 投诉.......；对.......抱怨
lodge a complaint 投诉；对.......提出控告
complaint center 投诉中心
make a complaint about... 对.......提出投诉；抱怨......
complaint handling 投诉处理
chief complaint （法律）主诉
complaints hotline 投诉电话；投诉热线
complaints and claims 申诉与索赔，投诉与索赔
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)People have been reluctant to make formal _____________(complaint) to the police.
(2)If you want to make ____________(complaint), you'd better follow the correct procedure.
(3)There's been a record number of _____________(complaint) about the standard of service.
完成句子
(4)The food was excellent — I had _________ _________ __________ __________.
饭菜好极了，我没理由抱怨。
(5)The transport service and _________ _________ 12328 has been put into use.
12328交通运输服务监督电话全面开通。
If you _________ _________ __________ __________ your holiday, please inform us in
writing.
如果你对你的假期有意见，请以书面形式告知我们。
(7)I wish to _________ _________ __________ __________ a camera which I bought at your place a week ago.
我要对我一周前从贵处购买的一台照相机提出投诉。
(8)In view of this, I have decided to _________ _________ __________ __________ _________ your delivery service.
有鉴于此，我已决定把对您的送货服务正式投诉。
(9)In accordance with specific conditions, _________ _________ __________ may be made to the exporter, importer, insurance company or shipping company.
根据具体情况，抱怨和索赔可向出口商、进口商、保险公司或运输公司提出。
Keys:(1)complaints (2)a complaint (3)complaints (4)no cause for complaint (5)complaints hotline (6)have a complaint about (7)make a complaint about (8)make a formal complaint against (9)complaints and claims
3.departure n. 离开，起程
(P30)Ma Ming’s departure has pleased his neighbours.
【翻译】马明的搬离，让他的邻居们高兴起来了。
【用法详解】
departure n. 离开，起程 复数形式为departures。
His departure, in fact, went almost unremarked.
事实上，他的离去几乎没被注意到。
A computer screen shows arrival and departure times.
电脑屏幕显示出到达和离开的时间。
Within ninety minutes the ship was ready for departure.
90分钟内轮船就准备好了出发。
departure也可以表示“违背”。
Such a move would have been a startling departure from tradition.
这一举措原本会是对传统习俗惊人的背离。
depart vi. 离开；出发，起程；违反；去世 adj. 逝世的
Flight 43 will depart from Denver at 11:45 a.m. and arrive in Honolulu at 4:12 p.m.
43号航班将于上午11:45从丹佛起飞，并于下午4:12到达檀香山。
In the morning Mr. McDonald departed for Sydney.
麦克唐纳先生早上起程去了悉尼。
departed adj. 已故的；过去的，以往的
Apart from that apartment, the departed department leader was partly partial to this one.
除了那套公寓外，已故系领导还有点偏爱这一套。
【归纳拓展】
departure from 离开；违反；违背
point of departure 出发地
departure time 出发时间；撤离时间；起飞时间
departure date 启程日期；离开日期
departure point 出发点；启程点；起航点
a new departure 新政策；新方针
departure gate 登机口
airport of departure 始发站；起运机场
port of departure 起运港；出发港
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)There are 120 arrivals and _________(depart) every day.
(2)_________(depart) from her usual routine, she took the bus to work.
(3)She waited until the last of the guests _______________(depart).
(4)His courage forsook him as he knelt and said a prayer for his _________(depart) friend.
完成句子
(5)She _________ ________ the text to tell an anecdote.
她脱离课文扯到一段轶事上去了。
(6)And I know it is just _________ ________ _________ ________ for the next journey.
不过我清楚这才是另一段旅程的开始。
(7)This decision represents a significant _________ ________ previous policy.
这个决定意味着在很大程度上脱离了原先的政策。
(8)If your _________ ________ is not in it, please contact us for other fares and schedules.
如果您的出发日期不在这段期间，请与我们联络有关价钱及时间。
(9)The time for my _________ ________ Japan was drawing nearer every day.
我离开日本的时间一天天临近了。
Keys: (1)departures (2)Departing (3)had departed (4)departed (5)departed from (6)a point of departure (7)departure from (8)departure date (9)departure from
anyhow adv. (非正式)尽管如此；至少
(P30)Anyhow, I’m now looking for a remote house on the edge of the city
【翻译】尽管如此，我正在这个城市的边远的地方选择一个偏僻的房子。
【用法详解】
anyhow adv. (非正式)尽管如此；至少
"Thanks very much anyhow."—"It's a pleasure."
“无论如何，非常感谢你。”—“不客气。”
Anyhow you must finish this work today.
你今天总要完成这项工作吧。
It's pretty nearly pitch dark now, anyhow; and there ought to be a bit of a moon later.
不管怎么说，现在天差不多全黑了；过一会儿应该会有点月亮的。
【归纳拓展】
表示“不管怎样”、“总之”、“反正”等义，anyhow可放在句首或句末。该用法的实质意思是。如：前面所说过的某情况并不重要，重要的是下面要说的话。如：
It was raining, but I didn’t want to go out anyhow. 天正下着雨，不过我本来就不想出去。
What a terrible experience! Anyhow, you’re safe, that’s the main thing.
多么可怕的经历!但是你现在平安无事，这比什么都好。
表示“无论如何”、“不管以什么方式”，anyhow可放在句首或句末。如：
I’ve tried, but I can’t open it anyhow. 我已经试过了，但无论如何也打不开。
Anyhow, I will see you tonight.
无论如何，今天晚上我要见你。
表示“随随便便” (=carelessly)。如：
The work was done all anyhow. 这工作做得很马虎。这工作做得很马虎。
He leaves his books about anyhow. 他把书随便到处丢着。
【易混辨析】
any和anyhow的区分
1.anyhow 作副词时，意思是“无论如何，不论用何种方法；马马虎虎”，多用于英国英语。
He would go in and see, anyhow. 无论如何，他要回去看看情况。
2.anyway作副词时，意思是“不管怎样，无论如何”，多用于美国英语。
I don't know why I settled on Miami, but anyway I did.
我不知道为什么我落户到了迈阿密，但不管怎样我做了。
【针对练习】
选用anyway或anyhow填空
(1)I don't know why I settled on Miami, but ________ I did.
(2)________, the only thing I ever got from him was a birthday card when I was ten.
完成句子
(3)________, you know how Lige is about his supper.
不管怎样，你知道的，利格非常在意晚餐。
(4)The whole thing's academic now—we can't win ________.
现在这一切都是纸上谈兵—反正我们赢不了。
Keys: (1)anyway (2)Anyhow (3)Anyhow (4)anyway
5.remote adj. 偏僻的，偏远的
(P30)Anyhow, I’m now looking for a remote house on the edge of the city
【翻译】尽管如此，我正在这个城市的边远的地方选择一个偏僻的房子
【用法详解】
remote adj. 偏僻的，偏远的
The medicine was flown to the remote area.
药品被空运到那个偏远的地区。
They lived in a remote mountain village.
他们住在一个偏僻的山村。
A remote bell is tolling.
远处的钟声响起。
remote还可以表示“（时间）遥远的，久远的”
The legend goes back to remote antiquity.
这个传说可以追溯到遥远的过去。
That happened in the remote past.
那发生在久远的过去。
也可以表示“（在血统，因果等方面）关系疏远的”
Much new knowledge is remote from the immediate interest of the ordinary person.
许多新知识与普通人目前的利益关系甚远。
“远程的，远程连接的”也可以用remote来表示
An existing connection was forcibly closed by the remote host.
远程主机强迫关闭了一个现有的连接。
还可以表示：不很友好的，冷漠的；绝少的；微乎其微的
She was a silent girl, cool and remote.
她是一个沉默寡言的女孩，对人冷漠而孤傲。
I don't have the remotest idea what you're talking about.
你在说什么我一点都不懂。
There is still a remote chance that they will find her alive.
他们仍然有一线希望能把她活着找到。
remotely adv. 遥远地；偏僻地；（程度）极微地，极轻地
We had never seen anything remotely like it before.
我们以前从未见过同它有丝毫相似的东西。
remoteness n. 遥远；偏僻；细微；时间久远
There is water for cooling, fast fibre-optic links, and the remoteness provides security.
那里有可以用来冷却的水、高速光纤连接而且遥远的距离提供了更多的安全。
【易混辨析】
distant,far,remote
这些形容词都含有“远的”之意。
distant语意最强，强调距离。
far除特殊情况外，侧重长距离。也可用作引申意义。
remote侧重指离中心地有利的地方很远。
【归纳拓展】
remote control 遥控,遥控装置,遥控操作
remote station 远距端机装置，对方站
remote terminal 远程终端(设备)
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)We had never seen anything _________(remote) like it before.
(2)His _________(remote) made her feel unloved.
(3)The most serious attacks are performed _________(remote) using only IP connectivity.
完成句子
(4)It works by _________ _________.
它通过遥控工作。
(5)That happened _________ _________ _________ _________.
那发生在遥远的过去。
(6)They lived in _________ _________ _________ _________.
他们住在一个偏僻的山村。
(7)The bomb was exploded by _________ _________.
这颗炸弹是遥控引爆的。
(8)Transport and communications links have taken away the _________ _________ _________
felt by past generations.
交通和通讯已经消除了过去几代人心中的偏僻感。
Keys: (1)remotely (2)remoteness (3)remotely (4)remote control (5)in the remote past
(6)a remote mountain village (7)remote control (8)sense of remoteness
5.pleasant adj. 礼貌而友善的，和蔼可亲的
(P31)Mckay’s wife, Laurence said that, while Mckay is usually a peaceful and pleasant person, he had been driven to this act of violence by literally getting wet just once too often.
【翻译】麦凯的妻子，劳伦斯说，然而，麦凯通常是一个安静又友善的人，这次暴力确实是由之前多次被淋湿而逼迫所致。
【用法详解】
pleasant adj. 礼貌而友善的，和蔼可亲的
Please release that pleasant peasant teaser who brings us plenty of pleasure.
请释放那个带给我们巨大快乐的友好的农民逗趣者。
Throughout the meal, she was extremely pleasant.
一顿饭吃下来，她都和善极了。
pleasant也可以表示“令人愉快的，吸引人的”
This was a new and pleasant revelation. 这是一个令人愉快的新的启示。
Her voice has a pleasant tone. 她的声音有一种悦耳的声调。
His songs are often both hypnotic and reassuringly pleasant.
他的歌声常常在催人入眠的同时又使人放松愉悦。
【归纳拓展】
pleasant sensation 快感
have a pleasant journey 一路顺风
pleasantly adv. 愉快地；和蔼地，亲切地；友好地
Time wore on pleasantly, and likewise smoothly, on the whole.
总的来说，日子过得很愉快，也很顺利。
pleasantly surprised 惊喜
pleasantly cool 清爽宜人
pleasantness n. 愉快，快乐；和蔼可亲
Participants were asked to rate the age of the face, the attractiveness of the face, and the
pleasantness of the odor.
参与者们被要求评判年龄、面部魅力指数和气味的好闻程度。
【易混辨析】
happy,glad,cheerful,joyful,merry,delightful,gay,pleasant,nice
这些形容词均含“愉快的，高兴的”之意。
happy侧重感到满足、幸福或高兴。
glad最普通用词，语气较弱，表示礼貌的惯用语。指乐于做某事或因某事而感到满足，常表愉快的心情。
cheerful多指因内心的愉快而表现出兴高采烈，是强调而自然的感情流露。
joyful语气较强，强调心情或感情上的欣喜。
merry指精神情绪的暂时高涨，表示欢乐、愉快的心境或情景，侧重充满欢笑声和乐趣。 delightful指能带来强烈的快乐，激起愉快的情感，用于非常愉快的场合。
gay侧重无忧无虑、精神昂扬、充满生命的快乐。
pleasant侧重给人以“赏心悦目”或“愉快的，宜人的”感受。
nice语气较温和，泛指任何愉快或满意的感觉。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)She remembered the ___________(pleasant) of the evening.
(2)"There, sit down, sit down," said the Rat ___________(pleasant), "and go on with your
porridge."
完成句子
(3)Spring is _________ _________ _________.
春季宜人。
(4)We had _________ _________ _________.
我们度过了一段愉快的时光。
(5)Spring temperatures are comfortably warm, and fall temperatures are __________ __________.
春天温暖宜人，秋天凉爽泌心。
(6)People are very _________ _________ by birthday and anniversary cards because it
is so sweet of someone to have remembered.
人们在收到生日或周年纪念卡片时总是倍感惊喜，因为被人挂念是件甜蜜的事情。
Keys: (1)pleasantness (2)pleasantly (3)a pleasant season (4)a pleasant time (5)pleasantly cool (6)pleasantly surprised
6.recall vi.&vt. 回想，回忆起
(P31) “It was Jame’s birthday,” Laurence recalled, “and it was such a beautiful night to enjoy the starry night outside...”
【翻译】“那时是詹姆的生日，” 劳伦斯回忆道，“也是欣赏户外星空的一个美好的夜晚......”
【用法详解】
recall vi.&vt. 回想，回忆起
I can't recall how to do it. 我回忆不起这是怎么做的了。
I can recall stories that my mother told me years ago.
母亲多年前给我讲的故事，我仍能记得。
Henderson recalled that he first met Pollard during a business trip to Washington.
亨德森记起他是在一次去华盛顿出差的途中第一次与波拉德结识的。
【归纳拓展】
recallable adj. 可回忆的；可召回的；可撤销的
recall to life 使苏醒；翻译
recall sb. to life 使苏醒
beyond recall 不可挽回；不能记起
recall from 从.......处召回
recall to mind 回想起；回忆起；记得
【易混辨析】
memorize,remember,recall,recollect,remind这些动词均有“记忆，记住，回忆”之意。
memorize指有意识的下功夫把某事的整个细节都记在脑子里。
remember含义较广，多指无意识地回忆起往事，也可指通过主观努力去记忆。
recall比remember文雅，指想方设法回忆已经遗忘之事。
recollect指在记忆中搜索，设法想起一时想不起的事情或人，强调过程。
remind指经某人或某事的提醒而回忆起某件已遗忘之事。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1) He tried ________________(recall) the layout of the farmhouse.
(2)They were paid only an average worker's wage and were _____________(recall) at any time.
(3)"I was so heartbroken when I saw him, I cannot describe it." said his elder brother, Xu Linfu, ________________(recall) his first visit there, in 2007.
完成句子
(4)It is a decision _________ _________.
那是一项无法挽回的决定。
(5)Cigarette is the best _________ _________ those beautiful details.
烟是对那些美好细节的缅怀。
(6)On my way home I began _________ _________ the past.
回去的路上，我便开始回想。
(7)I _________ _________ _________ _________ _________where I have seen her before.
我想不起来以前在哪儿见过他。
Keys: (1)to recall (2)recallable (3)recalling (4)beyond recall (5)recall to (6)to recall (7)can not recall to mind
句式解读
1.(P30)The flat-owner said if he had known that Ma Ming was a drummer, he wouldn’t have rented the flat to him.
【翻译】这个公寓的主人说，如果他早知道马明是一个鼓手，就不会把这套公寓出租给他了。
【考点提炼】
if在此表示“如果”，he had known that Ma Ming was a drummer是表示过去的虚拟语气。
【归纳拓展】
1. 表示与现在事实相反的情况，其句型为“ if+ 主语 + 动词的过去式（ be 动词用 were ），主语 +would / could / might / should + 动词原形”。如：
If the weather were fine, we would go to Shanghai.
如果天气好，我们就去上海。（事实上天气不好）
If they had time, they would / could / might go with me.
如果他们有时间，他们就会（可能）和我一起去。
2. 表示与过去事实相反的情况。其句型为“ if + 主语 + 动词的过去完成式，主语 +would / could / should / might + have + 动词的过去分词”。如：
If I had taken his advice, I shouldn't / wouldn't / couldn't have made such a mistake.
如果我按照他的建议去做，我一定不会（不可能）犯这样的错误。
3. 表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果，其句型为“ if + 主语 + 动词的过去式 / should + 动词原形 / were to +动词原形，主语 +would / could / might / should + 动词原形”。如：
The glass would break if you dropped it.
杯子摔下来会打破的。（事实上没有摔下来）
If it should rain, the crops would / could / might be saved.
假如天下雨，庄稼就一定（有可能）会得救。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)If I had read the book, I ________ _______ _______ you about it.
如果我已经读了这本书，我会告诉你关于它的内容的。
(2)If he studied at this school, he ________ _______ the environment around the school very much.
如果他在这所学校学习的话，他会很了解周边环境。
(3)If he ________ _______ _______ Harvard University, he would make full use of his time.
如果他要上哈佛大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。
Keys: (1)would have told (2)would know (3)should go to
2.(P30)Getting enough sleep is important for people’s health and, after such a chorus of complaints, we had to take action.
【翻译】获得充分的睡眠对人们的健康很重要，而且，在这样一系列的抱怨之后，我们不得不采取行动。
【考点提炼】
Getting enough sleep是动名词短语，在本句中充当谓语动词is的主语。
【归纳拓展】
动名词是英语中动词的非谓语形式的一种，起名词的作用。在动名词短语中，动名词还保留动词的属性，如可以带有自己的宾语、状语等。
　　一、动名词作主语的几种类型
　　动名词可以在句子中充当名词所能充当的多种句子成分。在这里仅就动名词在句子中作主语的情况进行讨论。
　　动名词作主语有如下几种常见情况：
1. 直接位于句首做主语。例如： Swimming is a good sport in summer.
2. 用 it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。
　　动名词做主语时，不太常用 it 作先行主语，多见于某些形容词及名词之后。例如：
It is no use telling him not to worry.
　　常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有：better，wonderful，enjoyable，interesting，foolish，difficult，useless，senseless，worthwhile，等。
　　注意：important，essential，necessary 等形容词不能用于上述结构。
3. 用于“There be”结构中。例如：
There is no saying when he'll come.很难说他何时回来。
4. 用于布告形式的省略结构中。例如：
No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ).
No parking.
5. 动名词的复合结构作主语
　　当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格，构成动名词的复合结构(——这时，名词或代词的所有格做动名词的逻辑主语)。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如：
Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.
　　二、动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较
　　动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语。在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作，不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。比较：
Smoking is not good for health.
It is not good for you to smoke so much.
注意：
1)在口语中，用动名词作主语位于句首的较不定式多见。
2)在“It is no use...”，“It is no good...”，“It is fun...”，“It is a waste of time...”等句型中，通常用动名词作真实主语：
It is no use/good/a waste of time talking about that.
3)在疑问句中，通常用动名词的复合结构，而不用不定式的复合结构作主语：
Does your saying that mean anything to him
4)在“There be”句型中，只能用动名词，而不能用不定式作主语：
There is no telling what will happen.
5)当句子中的主语和表语都是非限定动词时，要遵循前后一致的原则，主语和表语在形式上要求统一：
Seeing is believing. （=To see is to believe.）眼见为实。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)__________(talk) to him is talking to a wall.
(2) __________(smoke) may cause cancer.
(3)__________(Walk) is my sole exercise.
(4)__________(talk) mends no holes.
完成句子
(5)________ __________ _________ is a pleasure.
和你一起工作是一种乐趣。
(6)________ __________ is interesting．
爬山很有趣.(经验)
(7)________ __________ _________ during the rush hour is tiring．
在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦.(经验)
(8)__________ is prohibited(禁止)here．
这里禁止抽烟.
Keys: (1)Talking (2)Smoking (3)Walking (4)Talking (5)Working with you
(6)Climbing mountains (7)Driving a car (8)Smoking
课文读练专训
一、课文语法填空
Ma Ming, a drummer and bachelor, held parties every night, 1. has caused many complaints from his neighbours about 2. (lose) of sleep. They say they were being driven mad 3. (expose) to such noise. Since they moved into the building, they have 4. (rare) got a full night's sleep. They even couldn't get 5. (relax)or read without plugging their ears. Moreover, one neighbour thinks Ma Ming is 6. alcoholic and had a bad influence 7. his son. Finally, the local council took action. Ma Ming had to leave his 8. (furnish) apartment. His 9. (depart) has made his neighbours' life return 10. normal.
Keys: 1. which 2. loss 3.exposed 4. rarely 5.relaxed 6.an 7.on 8.furnished 9.departure 10.to
二、完成句子
(1)Therefore, try not to _______ ________ _______ anyone just because his taste is different from yours.
(2)因此，不要只因别人与你品味不同就对他们怀有偏见。
Last month I _______ ________ _______ with the police.
(3)上个月我跟警察有些纠纷。
Damming the river benefiting those who need it the least.
(4)在河上建大坝最终可能有利于那些最不需要大坝的人。
The answer had come to him _______ ________ _______.
(5)他一下子就有了答案。
Firefighters _______ ________ immediately to stop the blaze spreading.
消防队员立即采取了行动制止大火蔓延。
Keys: 1. be prejudiced against 2.was in trouble 3. may end up 4. in a flash 5.took action
三、微写作
从前有个国家非常和谐并充满正义(justice)。但是一场未预料的冲突(conflict)发生了，因为有一个大臣背叛了(betray)他的国家。冲突持续了三个月。最终国王和这个大臣达成协议(make a compromise with)，国王不得不把权力交给(hand over)这个大臣。从那时起整个国家就处于(be exposed to)新的冲突和恐慌之中。许多人无法忍受，不得不离开他们的国家。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version:
Once a country was very harmonious and full of justice. But an unexpected conflict, which lasted 3 months, broke out because a minister betrayed his country. The King had to make a compromise with the minister at last and handed over power to him. From when the whole country was exposed to new conflicts and panic so that many people couldn't stand and had to leave their own country.
突破语法
【例句观察】
Police had to break up the crowd.
I couldn't trust him anymore.
You ought to have been more careful.
You don't have to worry on that thing.
She dared not breathe a word of it to anybody.
【我的领悟】
以上每个句子中都含有情态动词。其中，_____________和___________是表示过去的意义。have to用于否定句中时，前面要加___________。
Keys: had to, dared; 助动词
语法课堂
情态动词
一、定义
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,但要与动词原形一起使用，给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。情态动词后面加动词原形。
二、位置
情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中, 情态动词则在主语之前。
I can see e here.我能看见你，过来吧。
He must have been away.他一定走了。
How dare you treat us like that！你怎能那样对待我们！
三、用法
情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加"not"。 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去、现在或将来时。情态动词属非及物动词，故没有被动语态。情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式、分词等形式。
He could be here soon.他很快就来。
We can't carry the heavy box.我们搬不动那箱子。
She dare not say what she thinks. 她不敢说她所想的。
四、几个重要的情态动词
1. have to
have to意为“必须，不得不”，意义与must相近。但must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to则往往强调客观需要,有被动接受的意思。可用于过去时态中；没有疑问句形式，疑问句用must代替。其否定式为don’t have to，表示不必。
I have to go now, because my mother is in hospital. 现在我得走了，因为我母亲还在医院。
My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.
我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)
The teacher said that there were many mistakes in my test paper, so I had to go over it again.
老师说我试卷中有很多错误，所以我只好再检查一遍。
You don’t have to go there. 你不一定要去那里才行。
dare
用于表示“敢于”之意。做情态动词时，没有人称和数的变化，主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。过去式形式为dared。
—Dare you tell her the truth 你敢告诉她真相吗？
—Yes, I dare. /No, I daren’t. 是的，我敢/不，我不敢。
He daren’t admit this. 他不敢承认这件事。
How dare you say I’m unfair 你怎么敢说我不公平呢？
3.can/could
can/could 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）、可能。表示过去有能力时要用could。要表达具体某事实际发生的可能性时，不用can，需用could，may，might。表示请求，口语中常用could代替can，使语气更委婉。
用can和 may来回答，不能用could或might。
Two eyes can see more than one. 两只眼比一只眼看得清。
I can speak fluent English now , but I couldn’t last year.
我现在可以流利地说英语了，但是去年不行。
Could the girl read before she went to school 这女孩上学前能识字吗？
You mustn’t smoke while you re walking around in the wood. You could start a fire.
在林子里走时勿吸烟，那样可能会引起火灾。
Could you have her call me back when she gets home, please
当她回家时，您能叫她给回电话吗？
I wonder if I could just ask you to sign this.
我是否可以请您在这里签名呢？
---Could I borrow your dictionary 我能借用你的词典吗？
---Yes, of course, you can./ 是的，当然可以。
---No, I'm afraid not/No,you cann’t/No,you may not. 不，恐怕不行。
4.ought to
ought to 表示“应该；应当”，也可表示义务或责任，比should语气重；还
可用来表示推测。ought to的语气中，含有“按道理应该……”之意(客观推测)。若要反映客观情况或涉及法律义务和规定，一般用ought to。
You ought to take care of him. 你应该照看她。
—Ought I go now 我现在应该去吗？
—Yes, you ought to. /No, you oughtn’t to. 是的，你应该去/不，你不应该去。
You ought to bring the child here. 你应该带那个孩子来这里。
He ought to be home by now. 现在他应该在家里。
追踪练习
完成句子
1.You _____ _____ _____ anything.
你们什么都不敢说。
2.I think I _____ _____ get back to work.
我想我应该重新开始工作了。
3.I _____ _____ _____ my innermost feelings to anyone.
我不能向任何人表达我内心深处的感情。
4.We have _____ _____ adapt quickly to the new system.
我们不得不迅速适应新制度。
5._____ you _____ _____ the woods
你敢穿过那片森林吗？
6.It is the envelope they _____ _____ _____.
这个是大家都不敢拆开的信封。
Keys: 1. dare not say 2. ought to 3. could not express 4. had to 5. Dare; go through
6.dare not open
随堂知能小练
一、单词拼写
1.Black coffee leaves a ___________(苦的) taste in the mouth.
2.They offered me a job, ___________(打包) boxes in a warehouse.
3.The government is pressing for an early ___________(解决) of the dispute.
4.I will never ___________(停止) to chase after my dream.
5.He is an extremely ___________(和蔼可亲) and obliging man.
6.You're standing near a track as an out-of-control train hurtles toward five ___________(无提防之心的 )people.
Keys: 1. bitter 2. packing 3. resolution 4. cease 5. pleasant 6. unsuspecting
二、单句语法填空
1.The church is ___________(remote) situated on the north coast of the island.
2.___________(depart) guests are asked to check out by noon.
3.___________(complaint) seemed to be an everyday occurrence.
4.These few lines disclose the good humor and ___________(pleasant) of this great genius.
5.On the contrary this knowledge must continually be renewed by ___________ (cease) effort, if it is not to be lost.
Keys:1.remotely 2.Departing 3.Complaints 4.pleasantness 5.ceaseless
三、完成句子
1.Therefore, try not to _______ ________ _______ anyone just because his taste is different from yours.
2.因此，不要只因别人与你品味不同就对他们怀有偏见。
Last month I _______ ________ _______ with the police.
3.上个月我跟警察有些纠纷。
Damming the river benefiting those who need it the least.
4.在河上建大坝最终可能有利于那些最不需要大坝的人。
The answer had come to him _______ ________ _______.
5.他一下子就有了答案。
Firefighters _______ ________ immediately to stop the blaze spreading.
消防队员立即采取了行动制止大火蔓延。
Keys: 1. be prejudiced against 2.was in trouble 3. may end up 4. in a flash 5.took action
（北京）股份有限公司