Unit11 Conflict And Compromise Period Four Lesson 3 学案（含答案）

Period Four Lesson 3
课前自主预习
重点单词
1.soldier n. ____________
2.bomb n. ____________
3.general n. ____________
4.frontier n. ____________
5.murder n. ____________
6. border n. ____________
7. weep vi. &vt. ____________
8.civilian n. ____________
9. panic n. ____________
10. pray vt.&vi. ____________
11.identification n. ____________
12.____________ vt. 展示，陈列
13. ____________ n.代表，代表人
14.____________ vt. 问候；迎接，招呼
15.____________ n. 泥，烂泥
16.____________vt. 分发，分配，分送
17.____________adj. 暂时的，临时的；短期的
18. ____________n.子夜，午夜
19.____________ n. 病房
20.____________num. 一打
21.____________ n. 外科医生
22. ____________n. 感激
23.____________n.（尤指不平常的、重要的或暴力的）事件
1.士兵，军人 2. 炸弹 3. 将军，上将 4. 国界，边境 5. 谋杀，凶杀；谋杀
6.国界，边界；边境地区 7.哭泣，流（泪） 8. 平民，老百姓 9. 惊恐，惶恐，惊慌
10.祈求；祈祷 11.身份证明（文件） 12.display 13. representative 14. greet 15. mud 16. distribute 17. temporary 18. midnight 19. ward 20. dozen 21. surgeon 22. appreciation 23. incident
重点词块
1.come to one’s mind____________ 2.mass murder____________
3.village square____________ 4.in surprise____________
5.a machine gun____________ 6.identification papers____________
7.a pile of____________ 8.stick up____________
9.短暂的和平____________ 10.达成谅解；取得谅解____________
11. 喧闹；叫喊____________ 12.吃得过饱；极其厌倦____________
13. 护士长____________ 14. 朝.......扔去；扔向____________
15.苏醒；醒来____________ 16.或多或少；差不多____________
17.sort of____________ 18. in the end____________
19. turning point ____________ 20. in the wild____________
Keys: 1.想起 2. 大屠杀 3. 村庄广场 4. 惊奇地 5. 机关枪 6. 文书 7. 一堆 8. 竖起；伸直；突出 9. temporary peace e to an understanding 11. shout across
12.be fed up with 13.chief nurse 14. throw at 15. wake up 16. more or less 17. 稍稍；到某种程度 18. 最后；最终 19. 转折点 20. 在野外；野生的
重点句式
1.____________________(和其他村民们一起), they were marched a few hundred meters into the village square where they were told to sit. (together with的用法)
2.By the look of them, their trenches were in ________________ (和......一样差)our own. (as...as...)
Keys:1. Together with other villagers 2. as bad a state as
课文预读
1.Fast reading
Scan the text and answer the following questions.
(1)What does the passage mainly tell us
_________________________________________________________________________
(2)Choose the title for each part.
①A Brave Patient　　 ②A Decisive Battle
③No More Fighting　 ④Village Nightmare
⑤Feeling Helpless
Story A．________ Story B．________　Story C．________　
答案：
(1)The passage mainly tells us that the different war memories of different people.
(2)④ B．③　C．①　
2.Careful reading
Fill in the blanks according to the text.
The whole passage consists of four stories about war.
Story A The first one tells a story of Do Chuc, a Vietnamese (1) whose two daughters and an aunt were (2) by American soldiers. He was wounded in the (3) , but he was covered by dead bodies and thus (4) .
Story B The second story took place on (5) morning. After a long time of battle, the (6) were fed up with the war. So the officers came to an (7) ___ that they would celebrate Christmas in (8) until midnight.
Story C The third story happened in a (9) about a brave young soldier who didn't accept the watch as an (10) .
Keys: (1)farmer (2)killed (3)leg (4)saved (5)Christmas (6)soldiers (7)understanding
(8)peace (9)hospital (10)award
课堂新知讲练
词汇拓讲
1.general n.将军；上将
(P37)The general was coming to give him the award because he happened to be number 20,000 to come through this hospital.
【翻译】将军过来给他颁奖，因为他碰巧是成功出院的第20000个战士。
【用法详解】
general n. 将军；上将
The general is a portly old man.
那位将军是一位身材魁梧的老人。
general通常用作形容词，意义比较广泛：普遍的，全体的；总的;正常的，一般的，普遍的；大致的；概括性的；笼统的
His general state of health is fairly satisfactory.
他的总的健康状况相当令人满意。
He preferred the general approach.
他喜欢一般性的处理方法。
I have a general idea of how a car works.
我对汽车怎样工作有一个大概的了解。
He lived in the general direction of the Central Park.
他住在中心公园方向。
genearlly adv. 通常；普遍地，一般地
University teachers generally have admitted a lack of enthusiasm about their subjects.
大学教师们已大致承认对他们的学科缺乏热情。
generality n. 概论；普遍性；大部分
I'll start with some generalities and then examine a few specific examples.
我首先进行概述，然后会分析几个实例。
generalize vt. 概括；推广；使...一般化
Critics love to generalize, to formulate trends into which all new work must be fitted, however contradictory.
评论家喜欢概括，归纳出所有新作品都必须符合的趋势，不管它们是如何地不符。
generalization n. 概括；普遍化；一般化
The generalization of the quadrant and octant to arbitrary number of dimensions is the orthant.
将四象限和八象限推广到任意维数是正交的。
generalizable adj. 可归纳的；可概括的
Finally, the researchers note why this finding may have more generalizable importance.
最后，研究者指出了这项研究更普遍的重要性。
【归纳拓展】
general election大选,普选
general knowledge 常识
general manager 总经理
in general总的来说,一般说来,大体上,整个地
general agent总代理人，总代理行
more generally 更普遍 ; 更一般地说
generally speaking 一般而言
generally available 常用
generally accepted 普遍接受的
【易混辨析】
common, ordinary, commonplace, general, usual, popular, universal
这些形容词均含有“普通的，普遍的”之意。
common多用于指物，侧重很常见，不稀奇。
ordinary用于物，指每天发生，十分平淡无奇；用于人，指无特别之处，很一般。
commonplace强调缺少新意。
general语气强于common，侧重大多如此，很少有例外情况。
usual指常见常闻和常做的事或举动，强调惯常性。
popular指适应大众爱好、需要，为大家所公认或接受。
universal与general同义，但语气较强，侧重对每个人或事物都适用，根本没有例外。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Then you should be very wary of the ___________(general).
(2)It would be foolish to ___________(general) from a single example.
(3)He avoided this tricky question and talked in ___________(general).
(4)As women we ___________(general) say and feel too much about these things.
(5)In other words, are there any ___________(general) lessons that can be applied to other
countries
完成句子
(6)He is the _________ _________ in this company.
他是这个公司的总经理。
(7)The new drug will be_________ _________from January.
这种新药从一月份开始将可大量上市。
(8)I think we need to improve our educational system _________ _________.
我认为我们需要从总体上改进我们的教育体制。
(9)The workforce is _________ _________ to have the best conditions in Europe.
欧洲工人的劳动环境公认是最好的。
Keys: (1)generalization (2)generalize (3)generalities (4)generally (5)generalizable
(5)general manager (6)generally available (7)in general (8)generally accepted
2.murder n. 谋杀，凶杀；谋杀罪
(P36)mass murder
【翻译】大屠杀；集体屠杀
【用法详解】
murder n. 谋杀，凶杀；谋杀罪
He was an accessory to the murder.
他是那件谋杀案的从犯。
The newspaper featured the story of the murder.
该报以显著地位报导谋杀案。
The three accused, aged between 19 and 20, are charged with attempted murder.
3名年龄在19到20岁之间的被告被指控蓄意谋杀。
murderer n. n. 凶手；谋杀犯 (复数 murderers)
A police dog picked up the murderer's scent.
一条警犬嗅出了凶手的气味。
murderous adj. 杀人的，残忍的；凶残的；蓄意谋杀的
This murderous lunatic could kill them both without a second thought.
这个杀人狂想都不想就会把他俩都杀了。
murdering adj. 杀人的；尖酸刻薄的
【归纳拓展】
like blue murder飞快地,风驰电掣般地,以最快的速度,发疯似地
blue murder (英式英语)“大吵大闹”
murder suspect【法】 谋杀嫌疑, 凶杀嫌疑犯
attempted murder 谋杀未遂
get away with murder 无法无天；为所欲为
【易混辨析】
kill,murder,
这些动词均有“杀，杀死”之意。 kill普通用词，含义广泛，泛指以任何方式使人、动物或植物死亡。 murder指谋杀或凶杀。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)He denies __________(murder) his wife's lover.
(2)One of these men may have been the __________(murder).
(3)He made a __________(murder) attack on his wife that evening.
完成句子
(4)The boys were off down the road _________ ________ _________.
那些男孩子沿着马路飞快地逃走了。
(5)Police have already identified 10 _________ ________ .
警方已经确认了10名谋杀嫌疑犯。
(6)He cried _________ ________ when the dentist pulled his tooth out.
当牙医给他拔牙时，他大惊小怪地叫喊。
(7)His charm and the fact that he is so likeable often allows him to _________ ________ _________ _________.
他的魅力和受宠程度常让他无法无天为所欲为。
Keys: (1)murdering (2)murderer (3)murderous (4)like blue murder (5)murder suspects (6)blue murder (7)get away with murder
3.representative n. 代表，代理人
(P36)Two of our men then threw their equipment off and climbed out of the trench with their hands above their heads as our representatives.
【翻译】然后，我们的两个人扔掉了他们的武器，手举在头顶上，作为我们的代表，爬出了战壕。
【用法详解】
representative n. 代表，代理人
A representative of the company will call on you to assess the damage.
公司的代表将前往贵处评估受损失的状况。
Our chief representative's withdrawal was construed as a protest.
我们的首席代表的退场被看作是一种抗议的表示。
作名词时，representative也可以意为“典型；议员，众议员；继任者”
当他任期结束后，他重新回到国会，作了一位众议院议员。
Most representatives balloted against the resolution.
大多数众议员投票反对这项决议。
The present representative of the Dedlocks is an excellent master.
德洛克家目前的继承人是个非常好的主人。
representative也可以用作形容词，意为“典型的，有代表性的；代议制的；表现的，体现的；与表象有关的”
The new head of state should be chosen by an 87 member representative council.
新的国家元首应该由包括87名成员的代表委员会选出。
He is the leader of the institutions of a representative government.
他是代议制政府的各个机构的领导人。
Beijing is a representative Chinese city.
北京是一个典型的中国城市。
She is altogether too representative of the gut feeling in the constituencies.
她彻底体现了选民们的真实感情。
representativeness n. 代表性，典型性
These implicitly make a claim to the generality--at the national scale, or in the racial sense-- the representativeness of this life.
这些暗中要求一种普遍性——在全国范围内或者在种族意义上来看——是这种生活的代表性。
representatively adv. 典型地
There are 23 ducks and pigs, and the total number of legs of ducks and pigs is 74. How many ducks and pigs representatively
鸭和猪共有23只，而鸭和猪腿的数目共有74条。问鸭和猪各有多只？
represent vt. 代表；表现；描绘；回忆；再赠送
The general secretary may represent the president at official ceremonies.
秘书长可以在官方仪式上代表主席。
representation n. 代表；表现；表示法；陈述
Puerto Ricans are U.S. citizens but they have no representation in Congress.
波多黎各人是美国公民，但是他们在国会中没有代表。
representational adj. 代表的；具象派的
There are two interrelated model forms: the representational form and the organizational form.
有两种相关的模型形式：表示形式和组织形式。
【归纳拓展】
representative office 代表机构；办事处
sales representative 销售代表
legal representative 法定代理人
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)The green movement lacks effective ____________(represent) in Parliament.
(2)My only aim is to ____________(representation) the United States at the Olympics.
(3)Our sales ____________(representative) can assist you in selecting suitable investments.
(4)His painting went through both ____________(representation) and abstract periods.
(5)The global ____________(representative) and enforcement capabilities of these institutions
need to be further strengthened.
(6)In order to improve the accuracy of model prediction, the training samples should be ____________(representative) prepared.
完成句子
(7)________ ________ ________ shall have no legal personality.
代表机构不具有法人资格。
(8)The chairman is ________ ________ ________ of the company.
董事长为公司的法定代表人。
Keys: (1)representation (2)represent (3)representatives (4)representational
(5)reprentativeness (6)representatively (7)A representative office (8) the legal representative
4.distribute vt. 分发，分配，分送
(P37)Bill distributed the beer among us and we consumed a lot.
【翻译】比尔在我们之间发了啤酒，我们喝了很多。
【用法详解】
distribute vt. 分发，分配，分送
The way to distribute the reward should be decided by the team itself upon discussion.
奖励金如何分配该由团队自行商议。
The firm should distribute on the principle of equal pay for equal work.
公司应按照同工同酬的原则进行分配。
distribute 也可表示“散步；分布；分类；区分”
These rocks are widely distributed all over this region.
这种岩石广泛分布在这个地区。
Fuel resources are very unevenly distributed.
燃料资源分布很不均匀。
The teacher distributed the students into four groups.
老师把学生们分成了四组。
The workers were distributed based on their special talents.
根据各自的特长，工人们被分了类。
distribution n. 分布；分配；供应
Mr. Roh's economic planners sought to achieve a more equitable distribution of wealth.
罗欧先生的经济规划者们努力实现更公平的财富分配。
distributional adj. 分配的；分发的
What they're doing is setting up distributional networks.
他们在做的是建立好货物分配网络。
distributive adj. 分配的；分布的；分发的
Reorganization is necessary on the distributive side of this industry.
此行业的产品分配环节必需重组。
distributor n. 经销商；批发商；[电] 分配器；分配者；散布者；[电] 配电盘
Under what circumstances can the distributor return merchandise to the manufacturer
在什么情况下分销商能将商品返还给制造商？
【易混辨析】
assign,distribute,divide,allocate
这些动词均含“分配，分发”之意。 assign指按照某种原则进行的硬性分配，也不一定是很公平的。 distribute通常指以整体或定量分为若干份来分配。 divide普通用词，侧重将某物分成若干份分配给他人，当某物一分为二时，含平均分配之意。 allocate主要指金钱、财产、权力或领土等的分配，着重分配的比例和专门用途。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)We didn't understand how difficult it was ____________(distribute) a national paper.
(2)Does moral desert have nothing to do with ____________(distribute) justice
(3)I'd like to negotiate about the ____________(distribute) plan with you.
(4)Can the ____________(distribute) handle the products of competitors
(5)Some of the victims are complaining loudly about the uneven ____________
(distribute) of emergency aid.
完成句子
(6)Minh, now 37 and ________ ________ ________, still talks regularly on the phone
with the Kinneys.
明，现年37年，是一位报纸经销商。 他仍然有规律地给金尼夫妇打电话。
(7)They both worry above all about ________ ________ ________ of taxing and spending.
他们都对税收和支出的分配效应感到十分忧虑。
Keys:(1)to distribute (2)distributive (3)distributional (4)distributor (5)distribution
(6)a newspaper distributor (7)the distributional effects
5.incident n. (尤指不平常的、重要的或暴力的)事件
(P37)After this little incident, I went over and took him in my arms.
【翻译】在这个小事件之后，我走了过去，搂住他。
【用法详解】
incident n. (尤指不平常的、重要的或暴力的)事件
The incident sparked a controversy.
这一事件引发了一场争端。
The incident punctured his pride.
这一事件损伤了他的自尊心。
They want to find out the cause and effect of the incident.
他们要弄清事件的来龙去脉。
The serious incident along the border increased our fears of the war.
边境上的紧张局势加重了我们对战争的忧虑。
incidental adj. 附带的；次要的；偶然的；容易发生的
The playing of music proved to be incidental to the main business of the evening.
音乐演奏结果只是当晚主要活动的陪衬。
incidentally adv. 顺便；偶然地；附带地
I didn't ask you to come. Incidentally, why have you come
“我没有叫你来。顺便问一下，你为什么来呢？”
incidentals n. 杂费（incidental的复数形式）；附带事件
You'll need money for incidentals such as tips and taxis.
你将需要准备好付小费和乘出租车之类的杂项开销。
【归纳拓展】
incidental music 配乐（戏剧、电影等）
incidental expenses [会计] 杂费；额外开支
without incident 平安无事
【易混辨析】
accident,incident,event,happening
这些名词均有“事故、事件”之意。
accident强调偶然或意外发生的不幸事情。
incident既可指小事件或附带事件，又可指政治上具有影响的事件或事变。
event可指任何大小事件，但尤指历史上的重大事件。
happening多指日常生活中发生的一般事件，有时也指偶然发生的事。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)The discovery was _________(incident) to their main research.
(2)The letter mentioned my great aunt and uncle only _________(incident).
(3)This still does not include fees, books, supplies, travel, or _________(incident).
完成句子
(4)These diseases _________ ________ ________ childhood.
儿童易患这类疾病。
(5)These risks _________ ________ ________ the work of a firefighter.
这些风险是担任消防员不可避免的。
(6)Did you receive my tuition and_________ ________
你收到我的学费和杂费了吗？
(7)They returned _________ ________.
他们平安无事地回来了。
(8)Fashion show is a comprehensive art form the _________ ________, which is used in fashion
show, are specially composed or selected for fashion show and therefore an inalienable part of
this art.
服装表演是一门综合性的艺术，服装表演中的音乐是指为服装表演制作或选配的音乐，是这门艺术的组成部分。
Keys: (1)incidental (2)incidentally (3)incidentals (4)are incident to (5)are incidental to (6)incidental expenses (7)without incident (8)incidental music
句式解读
1.Together with other villagers, they were marched a few hundred meters into the village square where they were told to sit.
【翻译】和其他村民们一起，他们走了几百米，来到了村寨广场，被吩咐在那里坐了下来。
【考点提炼】
Together with other villagers意为“和其他村民们一起”。together与介词with连用,意思是“和”“加之”“连同”。
【归纳拓展】
Together with可置于句中,也可置于句末。置于句中时,句子的谓语动词的形式须与主语保持一致。
together with的前后都有逗号隔开，就是很明显的插入语的标志。
along with, together with构成的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致。这是所谓的就远原则。
The goodwill is being sold together with the shop.
商店连同其商誉一并出售。
She came to dinner along with her boyfriend.
她和她的男朋友一道来用餐。
就远原则，也称就前原则，即谓语要与较远的主语保持一致。当主语后面跟有由but, except, besides, like, with, as well as, no less than, along with, in addition to, rather than, together with等引出的短语时就采用“就远原则”。
Everybody except you likes me.
除了你，大家都喜欢我。
The son,as well as his parents, wants to go there.
不但儿子想去那儿，而且他的父母也想去。
The teacher,as well as the students, is interested in the activity.
老师也和同学们一样对这项活动有兴趣。
Dessert fruit,like strawberries and pears is very popular.
像草莓和梨这样的餐后水果是很受欢迎的。
就近原则也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity），即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致。常用的句型有：either...or...；neither...nor...；not only...but also...；not...but...；there be句型
What he does or what he says does not concern me .
他的行为或言谈都与我无关。
在倒装句中：谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。
In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people .
在远处，能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Neither you nor I _______(be) wrong .
(2)Not you but your father _______(be) to blame .
(3)Not only you but(also) he _______(be) wrong .
(4)There _______(be) some books and a pen on the desk .
完成句子
(5)John,_______ ________ ________ ________,is to blame.
约翰，而不是他的室友，应该受到责备。
(6)My father,no less than I, _______ a base-ball fan.
我的父亲不亚于我也是个棒球迷.
(7)Jim,together with his classmates,_______ ______ the film.
吉姆和他的同学都看过这部电影。
(8)All the students,including Tom,_______ ______.
所有的学生，包括汤姆都走了。
(9)No one except(but) me _______ ______ this news.
除了我没有人知道这个消息。
Keys: (1)am (2)is (3)is (4)are (5)rather than his roommates (6)is (7)has seen (8) are leaving (9)knows about
2.By the look of them, their trenches were in as bad a state as our own.
【翻译】
从他们的外面来看，他们的战壕和我们的一样差。
【考点提炼】
as bad a state as意为“和......一样差/坏”。
【归纳拓展】
as...as的意思是“与......一样”，接形容词或副词的原级，在否定句中，第一个 as 也可换成 so。如：
He doesn't study as [so] hard as his brother. 他学习不如他弟弟努力。
表示涉及数量或程度，可用“as much+不可数名词+as”和“as many+可数名词复数+as”。如：He doesn’t pay as much tax as we do / as us. 他没我们交的税款多。
可用(not) nearly, almost, just, nothing like, exactly, not quite, half, one-ten, twice, three times, 30 per cent等修饰，并且这些修饰语必须置于第一个as之前，而不能置于其后。如：
This room is twice as large as that one. 这个房间是那个房间的两个大。
as…as…不表示比较的几个常见句型。
You’re as good as gold! 你表现得真好！
Mother is as mad as all get out.母亲气疯了。
一、as…as possible／sb can尽可能的……
Please answer my question as soon as possible．
请尽快回答我的问题。
2. As soon as his father went out, the boy ran to the cinema.
爸爸刚出门, 那男孩就跑向电影院。
The detective is searching the man as carefully as he can．
那个侦探正在尽可能仔细地搜查那个男子的身体。
二、as…as usual／before像以前一样……
She looks as pretty as before．
她看起来和以前一样漂亮
You’re as good as gold!
你表现得真好！
Though they failed，they still worked as hard as usual．
尽管他们失败了，但他们仍像以前一样努力工作。
三、as long as只要，引导条件状语从句
I will stay with you as long as there is a room free．
要是你有一间空余的房子，我就住在你这里。
You may borrow this book as long as you promise to give it back．
只要你答应归还，你就可以把这书借走。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)I wish I were _______ _______ _______ you.
但愿我像你一样高。
(2)I hope this year is _______ _______ _______ the last.
我希望您今年跟去年一样快乐。
(3)I hope I will be _______ _______ _______ my mother.
我希望将来和我母亲一样漂亮。
(4)My granddaughter is _______ _______ _______ a little doll.
我的孙女像小洋娃娃一样漂亮.
(5)You are _______ _______ _______ a picture.
你简直像画一样美丽。
(6)The room is _______ _______ _______ a stove.
这屋子热得像火炉一样。
(7) His hand is _______ _______ _______ ice.
他的手和冰一样冷。
Keys: (1) as tall as (2)as happy as (3)as beautiful as (4) as pretty as (5)as pretty as (6)as hot as (7) as cold as
语言时空
【例句观察】
1．Can you help me carry the box upstairs
2．Lucy，please go to my office and bring your exercise book to the classroom.
3．Take an umbrella with you.It's raining.
4. My teacher asked me to fetch our homework here from her office.
【我的领悟】
以上句子的谓语分别为carry, bring, take, fetch， 这四个动词如果用中文来表达，都含有“_________”的意思。这在英语中，被归纳为“近义动词”，即________________。
Keys:带来；拿来 verbs with similar meanings
语法课堂
Verbs with similar meanings
英语中，很多动词，都含有类似、近义的意思，如talk, say和speak，都可以表示“说；说话”。现在，我们简单地作一些归纳、总结。限于篇幅，本文仅归纳了10组。同时，也请同学们在课后有意识地收集、整理，以丰富、扩大自己的词汇量，从而更有助于英语学习。
1.辨析take,cost,spend和pay
(1)spend多用人作主语,后接金钱或时间。spend...on sth./(in)doing sth.,例如:
I spent 15 yuan on this book.我花了15元买这本书。
(2)take常用于 “It takes sb.some time to do sth.” 句型中,例如:
It takes me half an hour to go to school by bike every day.我每天花费半小时骑自行车去上学。
(3)pay多用人作主语,常与for连用,表示“付给……款”。例如:
I paid 15 yuan for this new book.这本新书花了我15元钱。
(4)cost常用物作主语,表示“花费多少钱”。例如:
This new book cost me 15 yuan.这本新书花了我15元钱。
2.辨析bring,take,get和carry
(1)bring指将某物或某人从离说话人较远处“拿来”或“带来”,由远及近。例如:
You’d better finish your homework today and bring it to school tomorrow.
你最好今天把作业完成,明天带到学校来。
May I bring Tom along 我可不可以带汤姆一块来
(2)take指将某物或某人从离说话人较近处“带到”或“拿到” 离说话人较远处,由近及远。
Could you take the book to the classroom I am busy now.你能否把书拿到教室 我现在很忙。
(3)get指从说话人所在位置到别处把某物拿来。例如:
Will you get that book for me 你愿意去把那本书给我拿来吗
(4)carry不强调动作来去的方向,只说明动作方式,表示“背着、扛着、提着、载着”等含义。例如
The buses and taxis carry people here and there.公共汽车和出租车载着人们到处去。
3.辨析put on,wear,dress 和in
(1)put on表“穿上”,强调穿衣的动作,后接衣服作宾语,代词放中间。
Here is your coat.Put it on,Lucy.露西,这是你的外套,把它穿上。
(2)wear表“穿着,戴着”,强调穿戴的状态,后接衣、帽等作宾语。
She’s wearing a red hat and a blue jacket.她戴着一顶红色帽子,穿着一件蓝色夹克。
(3)dress表“给……穿衣服”,宾语为人。
My mother is dressing herself.我妈妈正在自己穿衣服。
(4)in后多接衣服的颜色,表示“穿着……颜色的衣服”。例如:
The man in black is my father.穿黑衣服的那人是我爸爸。
4.辨析look up,look for,find和find out
(1)look up表示“查找”,后接要查找的内容。
(2)look for表示“寻找”,强调找的动作。
(3)find表示“找到”,强调结果。
(4)find out表示“经过观察和调查,把某事、某物查出来”。
I don’t know the word.Let’s look it up in the dictionary.
我不认识这个单词。咱们查一下词典吧。
I have looked for my English book everywhere,but I can’t find it.
我到处找我的英语书,但我没找到。
The teacher wanted to find out who had broken the door.老师想查明是谁弄坏了门。
5.辨析reach,arrive和get
(1)这三个单词都可表“到达”,但只有reach是及物动词,后可直接接地名。
We reached Shanghai at eight on Monday.星期一八点我们到达上海。
(2)arrive须与in/at连用,arrive in+大地名,arrive at+小地名。
We have already arrived in Shanghai.我们已经到达上海。
They arrived at school at 6:30 yesterday.昨天他们六点半到达学校。
(3)get须与to连用,即 get to+地名。
I got to the Capital Cinema at 9:00.我9点到达首都影院。
注意:当表示到达here,there,home时,arrive或get后不要加介词。
6.辨析lend,borrow和keep
(1)borrow指其逻辑主语从别处或别人那里“借来”东西,常与介词from连用,borrow sth.from sb.借某人某物。
May I borrow some money from you 我能从你那儿借些钱吗
(2)lend指其逻辑主语将东西“借出、借给”别人,常与介词to连用,lend sth.to sb.把某物借给某人。
Could you lend me some money 你能借给我一些钱吗
(3)keep指“保存”,是延续性动词,与表示一段时间的时间状语连用,而borrow和lend都是非延续性动词。
How long may I keep the book 我能保留这本书多长时间
7.辨析win和beat
(1)win的宾语是比赛、战争、奖品、金钱等名词。例如:
Our football team won the football game by 3 to 1.
我们的足球队以3∶1的比分赢得了足球比赛。
(2)beat的宾语则是比赛、竞争的对手,即指人或球队的名词或代词。例如:
Our football team beat theirs by 3 to 1. 我们的足球队以3∶1的比分打败了他们。
8.辨析hope和wish
它们都可表“希望”,它们后都可以接动词不定式和宾语从句。
wish接的宾语从句常用虚拟语气表难以实现的愿望,wish可以接双宾语。
hope接的宾语从句常用将来时态,一般表示能够实现的希望,hope不能接双宾语。
hope to do sth.(√)　hope sb.to do sth.(×)　wish sb.to do sth.(√)
hope sb.sth.(×)　　wish sb.sth.(√)
I hope to see you again.我希望能再次见到你。
I wish I could fly like a bird. 我希望我能像鸟儿一样飞翔。
9.辨析look,see,watch和read
(1)look表动作,须与at连用才能接宾语,表“朝……看”,强调看的方向。
Look at this picture carefully.仔细地看这张图片。
(2)see 强调看的结果。
I can see a big horse in the picture.我能从图片里看到一个大房子。
(3)watch强调“专注地看,仔细观看,注视”,有欣赏的意味,动作要持续一段时间,常用于看电视、看球赛等,也可以用于看电影。
He doesn’t like watching movies.他不喜欢看电影。
(4)read指阅读,一般跟书、报纸、文章等。
My father is reading a newspaper now. 我的爸爸正在读报纸。
10.辨析join,join in和take part in
都表示“参加”。
(1)join
①指加入某组织并成为其中一员。
When did your brother join the army 你弟弟什么时候参军的
②和某人一起做某事,其结构为:join sb.in (doing) sth.,根据上下文,in (doing) sth.也可以省去。
Will you join us in the discussion 你会加入我们的讨论吗
(2)join in多指参加小规模的活动,如“球赛、游戏”等,常用于日常口语。
Come along,and join in the ball game.一起来参加球赛。
(3)take part in指参加会议或群众性活动等,着重说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用。
We’ll take part in social practice during the summer vacation.
我们将要在暑假期间参加社会实践活动。
追踪练习
请选择合适的词语并以其适当形式完成各组练习
A组(get, arrive,reach )
1．—Has your uncle________？
—Not yet.
2．He was the first to ________ to the top of mountain.
3．Can you ________ the picture on the wall
4．Last night they ________ at a little village and stayed there for a whole night.
Keys: 1.arrived 2.get 3. reach 4. arrived
B组(beat, win)
1．I can't believe that their team can ________ ours.
2．Come on！You must ________ the match.
3．Don't be nervous.Make sure you will ________．
Keys: beat win win
C组(borrow, lend, keep)
1．—Can I ________ your dictionary
—Sure.But you can only ________ it for an hour.
2．My bike broke down on the way.A kind old man ________ his bike to me.
Keys: borrow keep lent
D组(wear, dress, put on)
1.He wears a black jacket today.
2.The teacher put on his hat and went out of the office.
3.The mother dresses the child every day.
Keys: 1. wears 2. put on 3. dresses
随堂知能小练
一、单词拼写
1.I could have ________(哭泣) thinking about what I'd missed.
2.Anything could have happened in a ________(病房).
3.We have a beautiful city and we ________(祈祷) it stays that way.
4.The peace agreement has at least ________(暂时地) halted the civil war.
5.He did not have any ________(身份证明) when he arrived at the hospital.
6.He expressed his ________(感激) for what he called Saudi Arabia's moderate and realistic oil policies.
7.I opened the box and saw a piece of crystal snowflake and a g card with "Happy
Birthday" in the blank paper.
Key: 1. wept 2. ward 3. pray 4. temporarily 5. identification 6. appreciation 7. greeting
二、单句语法填空
1.The plan was ___________(general) welcomed.
2.Sarraute's work combines ___________(represent) with reflexibility.
3.The American model stood out for its unity and its ___________(represent).
4.That I kept writing is ___________(incident); we all make these kinds of mistakes.
5.He tried to even out the ___________(distribute) of work among his employees.
6.Within months, a Thai police officer was arrested and convicted of ___________ (murder) the jeweller.
Keys: 1.generally 2. representation 3. representativeness 4. incidental 5. distribution 6.murdering
三、完成句子
1.Sue screamed, not loudly, more _______ _______than terror.
苏尖叫起来，声音不大，与其说是害怕不如说是吃惊。
2.They found the body buried beneath _______ _______ _______ _______.
他们发现尸体被埋在一堆树叶下面。
3.Finally, since this is your last chance, be sure and _______ _______ _______ _______ if you want to ask a question or make a comment.
最后，本节课是最后一次机会了，如果你有问题，或者有意见要发表，一定要举起手来。
4.These workers _______ _______ _______ _______ being at the bottom of the pile when it comes to pay.
这些工人受够了收入水平处于底层的苦恼。
5. _______ _______ _______, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before
the exam. Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions
correctly.
首先，你必须努力学习功课，并在考试前做好充分的准备。没有充分的准备，很难正确回答所有的问题。
Keys: 1. in surprise 2. a pile of leaves 3. stick up your hand 4. are fed up with
5. To begin with