Unit12 Innovation Period Two Lesson1 学案（含答案）

UNIT 12 INNOVATION
Period Two Lesson 1
课前自主预习
重点单词
1.______________ adj. 科学（上）的
2.______________ n. 显微镜
3.______________ vi. & vt. 捐献（器官），献（血）；捐赠，捐献
4. ______________ vi. 通信
5.______________ adj. 离开的，马上的
6.______________ vt. 发射；发动，发起，开始从事
7.______________ n. 人造卫星；卫星
8.______________ n. 轨道 沿轨道运行
9. ______________ adj. 最好的；最重要的
10. ______________ adv. 后来，随后
11. ______________ adj. 恒久不变的；持续不断的，经常发生的
12.______________ n. 研究的结果；发现
13. ______________ n. 生物学家
14.perceive vt. ______________
15.million num.______________
16.humble adj.______________
17.outcome n.______________
18.navy n. ______________
19.accuracy n.______________
20.missile n. ______________
21.physicist n. ______________
22.joint adj. ______________
23.tube n. ______________
24.circuit n.______________
25.efficiently adv. ______________
26. propose vt. ______________
Keys:
1.scientific 2.microscope 3.donate 4.correspond 5.instant 6.launch 7.satellite 8.orbit 9.premier 10.subsequently 11.constant 12.finding 13.biologist
14.察觉，注意到，发觉 15.百万 16.谦虚的，谦卑的 17.结果，后果 18.海军
19.准确性；精准度；正确，准确 20.导弹，飞弹 21.物理学家 22.合的，共同的，共有的 23.圆管，管子；电视机显像管，阴极射线管 24.电路，线路；环形道路 25.有效率地，高效能地 26. 提出（某观点、方法等）
重点词块
1.同时______________ 2.根据______________
3.去度假；正在度假______________ 4.事实上______________
5.熄灭；过时______________ 6. 很少，几乎没有______________
7. 到.......为止 ______________ 8. 在上班；起作用______________
9.be committed to______________ 10. instant message______________
11. be inspired by______________ 12.figure out______________
13. single out______________ 14. in a joint effort ______________
15. be dedicated to ______________ 16. be transformed into ______________
17. participate in ______________ e up with______________
19. not to mention______________ 20. nuclear bomb______________
Keys: 1. at the same time 2. according to 3. go on holiday 4. in fact
5.go out 6.only a few 7. by the end of... 8. be at work 9. 致力于 10. 实时信息 11. 被.......激励 12. 算出；想出 13.挑出；挑选 14.共同努力；齐心协力 15. 献身于
16. 转变为；变成 17. 参加；参与 18.想出；提出 19. 更不必说；不用提及 20.原子弹
重点句式
1.The navy turned to Eckert, _______________(一位工程师), and Mauchly, _______________ (一位物理学家), to deal with the problem and produce a machine to do the job in a joint effort. (同位语)
2.Human life on this planet has been transformed into a “global village”, with all the different countries ____________________________(被共同利益的紧密联系在一起) . (非谓语动词短语作定语)
Keys: 1. an engineer; a physicist 2. linked in the chain of common interests
课文预读
一、阅读理解
1.When was “theory of relativity” born
A.In 1903. B. In 1904.
C. In 1905. D. In 1905.
2.What was Eckert
A. A biologist. B.An engineer. C. A professor. D. A physicist.
3.Where was penicillin found in 1929
A. On the floor. B. On the table. C. In the dish. D.In the lab.
4.When was the world’s first computer finish
A. In 1946. B. In 1948. C. In 1950. D. In 1960.
5.Who invented the World Wide Web in 1990
A. Albert Einstein. B. Alexander Fleming.
C. Tim Berners. D.Eckert.
1--5 CBCAC
二、判断正误
1.The atom is the smallest particle of matter in the universe.
2. In the summer of 1904, “E=mc2” was born.
3. Penicillin was found in 1929.
4. Mauchly was an engineer during the World War II.
5. By the end of the 1960s, some mini-networks were established.
1--5 FFTFT
课堂新知讲练
词汇拓讲
1.donate vt.&vi. 捐献（器官），献（血）；捐赠，捐献
(P52)Medical advances ranged from discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes to staging operations to replace diseased organs with donated ones.
【翻译】医学的进步，囊括了从显微镜下发现疾病的根源，到用捐献的器官代替患病的器官手术。
【用法详解】
donate vt.&vi. 捐献（器官），献（血）；捐赠，捐献
We are happy to donate to bona fide charitable causes.
我们很乐意向真正的慈善事业捐赠。
If that bag sits in your house or car for more than a week, you'll probably never have it
repaired, so donate it or toss it.
如果那个袋子在你家里或车里放了一个多星期，你很可能不会把它拿去修补的了，所以把它捐了或扔了吧。
They used to donate large sum of money to the Red Cross every year.
他们过去每年都向红十字会捐献大笔的钱。
Many people offered to donate blood and skin for the badly burnt worker.
很多人要求为那个严重烧伤的工人献血献皮.
donation n.捐款；捐赠；捐赠物 复数 donations
Employees make regular donations to charity.
员工们定期向慈善机构捐赠物品。
You can of course help by giving them a donation directly.
你当然可以通过直接给他们一笔捐赠来帮助他们。
Employees make regular donations to charity.
员工们定期向慈善机构捐赠物品。
The royals have always been patrons of charities pulling in large donations.
王室成员一直都是慈善机构的资助人，注入大量捐赠。
【归纳拓展】
donate blood 义务献血；捐血
donate materials 献物；捐献材料
donation account 捐赠账户
donation box 捐款箱
donate to 赠予
Most sites allow you to select a charity to donate to.
大部分的网站都允许你选择要捐赠的慈善组织。
Trash on the desk, and paste the "donation box" label.
把废纸篓放在办公桌上，并贴上“捐款箱”的标签。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)The amount of the _________(donate) took us completely by surprise.
(2)Organ _________(donate) to strangers is considered an unselfish act.
(3)The work of the charity is funded by voluntary _________(donate).
(4)It is so selfless of my teacher to help those in poverty by _________(donate) money.
完成句子
(5)They _______ _______ at the registration point.
他们应该在注册登记处捐款。
You need to know that every time you _______ ______, books or toys to
a charity shop, you are helping people.
你要知道，每次你将衣服、书籍或者玩具捐赠到慈善店里时，你都是在帮助别人。
(7)Since war broke out, the phones _______ ______ _______have been ringing off the hook.
自从战争爆发以来，捐款中心的电话一直响个不停。
(8)This author has set up _______ ______ _______.
本作者设定了捐赠帐户。
(9)Local people lined up to _______ ______ for the brave girl.
当地群众排队给这位勇敢的姑娘献血。
Keys: (1)donation (2)donation (3) donations (4)donating (5)should donate
(6) donate clothes (7)at donation centres (8)a donation account (9)donate blood
2.subsequently adv. 后来，随后
(P52)Subsequently, “E=mc2” was born.
【翻译】随后，E=mc2诞生了。
【用法详解】
subsequently adv. 后来，随后
He said he was a doctor, but it subsequently emerged that he was an impostor.
他说他是位医生，但后来却发现他是个骗子。
He subsequently worked on Boeing's 747, 767 and 737 jetliner programmes.
他后来从事了波音747、767 和 737喷气式飞机的项目。
The initialization of a data medium such that a particular computer system can store data in and subsequently retrieve data from the medium.
数据媒体的初始化，使某一特定计算机系统能将数据存在媒体中，随后又可从该媒体中检索出来。
Although he subsequently became a successful businessman, his criminal past caught up with him.
虽然他后来成了一位成功的商人，但他的犯罪前科却让他尝到了恶果。
subsequent adj. 随后的
Subsequent events confirmed our doubts.
后来发生的事证实了我们的怀疑。
Subsequent experiments failed to replicate these findings.
后来的实验没有得出同样的结果。
Three of them were killed in the subsequent encounter with the police.
他们中有三个人在后来与警察的冲突中被杀死。
subsequential adj. 后来的；并发的
subsequence n. 随后；接着
【归纳拓展】
subsequent to 继.......之后
It was a Sunday morning in late October, about four months after Tess Durbeyfield's arrival at Trantridge, and some few weeks subsequent to the night ride in the Chase.
这是十月末一个礼拜天的早晨，大约在苔丝·德北菲尔德来到特兰里奇四个月以后，离他们骑马在猎苑走夜路有几个礼拜。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)These will be used in _____________(subsequent) steps.
(2)Over the past 10 years, news organisations have had to cut down on staff and
_____________(subsequent) their coverage of foreign stories.
完成句子
(3)On the day ______ ______ his visit, she disappeared.
在他访问的第二天，她失踪了。
(4)_______, new guidelines were issued to all employees.
随后，新的准则发给了所有雇员。
(5)Developments on this issue will be dealt with ______ ______ ______ ______.
这个问题的发展将在以后的报道中予以说明。
(6)There have been further developments ______ ______ our meeting.
在我们的会议之后又有新发展。
(7)The day ______ ______ the typhoon, the weather became nice.
继台风过后的第二天，天气就变好了。
Keys: (1)subsequent (2)subsequently (3)subsequent to (4)Subsequently
(5)in a subsequent report (6)subsequent to (7)subsequent to
3.instant adj. 立刻的，马上的
(P52)Communications changed with the introduction of mobile phones, and the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant messages.
【翻译】随着手机的引入，通信改变了，我们联系的方式从写信变为了发送电子邮件和即时短信。
【用法详解】
instant adj. 立刻的，马上的
Mr. Porter's book was an instant hit.
波特先生的书立刻引起了轰动。
The engine delivers instant acceleration whatever the revs.
不论转速如何，发动机都可以立即加速。
A feed will usually provide instant gratification to a crying baby.
喂食通常可使正在哭闹的婴儿立即得到满足。
instant也可以用作名词，意为“瞬间；刹那；时刻”
For an instant, Barney was tempted to flee.
那一瞬间，巴尼很想逃走。
At that instant the museum was plunged into total darkness.
在那一刻，博物馆陷入一片黑暗。
instantaneous adj. 瞬间的；即时的；猝发的
Death was not instantaneous because none of the bullets hit the heart.
因为没有一颗子弹射中心脏，所以没有即刻死亡。
instantly adv. 立即地；马上地；即刻地 conj. 一.......就......
The man was killed instantly.
那人立即被杀死了。
In the movies guns kill people instantly, but it's not like that in real life.
电影中，枪能使人在瞬间毙命，而实际情况并非如此。
Computers can instantly retrieve millions of information bits.
计算机能立刻读取数百万条信息。
instantaneously adv. 即刻；突如其来地
The Internet is a rapid, mass media tool that allows global access to millions of people almost instantaneously.
互联网是一个快速而庞大的媒体，全球几百万人可以在一瞬间就都接入互联网。
【归纳拓展】
in an instant 立刻；马上；瞬间
instant message 即时通讯；即时消息；即时通信
Google Instant 即时搜索；实时搜索
instant food速溶食品
Instant Music即时音乐；立即音乐
instant play 快速比赛；随时播放
instant service立等可取服务
instant noodle 快餐面；方便面
instant coffee 速溶咖啡
instant success即时成功
The boys forgot all their fears, all their miseries in an instant.
孩子们在一瞬间忘记了他们所有的恐惧，所有的痛苦。
Modern science and technology has not developed capably enough to make instant food as nutrient as normal food.
现代科技还没有达到能够让方便食品达到能象一般食品那么的有营养。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)You can make your stomach look flatter ____________(instant) by improving your posture.
(2)I recognized it ____________(instant) and felt a quiver of panic.
(3)What is the ____________(instant) speed
(4)That means in real terms that we can feel the pressure ____________(instantaneous).
完成句子
(5)I'll be back ________ ________ ________.
我马上就回来。
(6)I recognized it ________ and felt a quiver of panic.
我立刻认出它了，感到一阵惊恐的颤抖。
(7)That information flow in financial markets is ________ ________ ________.
金融市场不断涌入的免费、即时的信息。
(8)Contrary to expectations, the film was ________ ________ ________.
与预期的相反，这部电影一上演就获得成功。
(9)The rise of food delivery has also played a role in the declining fortunes of the ________ ________ industry.
外卖服务的兴起在一定程度上导致了方便面行业的衰落。
Keys: (1)instantly (2)instantly (3)instantaneous (4)instantaneously
(5)in an instant (6)instantly (7)free and instantaneous (8)an instant success
(9)instant noodle
efficiently adv. 有效率地，高效能地
(P30)With the development of computers, people expected to get more things done efficiently.
【翻译】随着计算机的发展，人们期望高效地做更多的事情。
【用法详解】
efficiently adv. 有效率地，高效能地
How do you motivate people to work hard and efficiently
你是如何激励人们努力而高效地工作的？
I work very efficiently and am decisive, and accurate in my judgement.
我工作高效、决策果断而且判断准确。
You should exercise more so as to keep energetic and you can work efficiently.
你应该多运动以保持精力充沛，才可以有效地工作。
efficient adj. 有效率的；有能力的；生效的 [ 比较级 more efficient 最高级 most efficient ]
The creation of an efficient and sustainable transport system is critical.
一个高效而可持续发展的交通系统的创建是非常重要的。
We must make the most efficient use of the available financial resources.
我们必须最有效地利用现有财力。
【归纳拓展】
efficiently and effectively 有效地
This lets your organization manage resources more efficiently and effectively.
这使得您的组织可以更高效且更有效地管理资源。
The result is a system that allows enterprises to access their services efficiently and effectively providing value to their businesses.
最终的结果是，这个系统能使企业充分并且有效地访问自身服务，而企业的业务也因此受益。
【易混辨析】
effectively有效的,能产生预期效果的；efficiently效率高的,效能高的。
这两个的区别很明显,前者就是有效的,产生效果,后者则是效率高,不光有效率,而且效率高.
前者强调某物或者某事达到预期的期望,后者强调完成一件事情省时省力,效率很高.
Services need to be more effectively organized than they are at present.
服务的管理应该比现在更加有效.
She deals with all the correspondence promptly and efficiently.
她迅速有效地处理全部来往信件。
We can arrange time efficiently and know how long a single task will take.
我们可以有效地安排时间，并知道每项任务需要多长时间。
It helps you allocate proper time for a task and perform the task more efficiently.
它能帮助你分配合理的任务时间，并助你更高效地执行任务。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Graphite is a highly __________(efficient) conductor of electricity.
(2)Which fuel burns most __________(efficient)
(3)That means I have to work more __________(efficient).
(4)An __________(efficient) bulb may lighten the load of power stations.
完成句子
(5)Services could be operated more __________ __________ __________.
可以更有效、更经济地提供服务。
(6)The plan is designed to motivate employees to work __________ __________.
这个计划旨在促使员工更加卓有成效地工作。
(7)To search for a telecommuting job online __________ __________ __________
choose the right keywords.
要想有效而迅速地找到一份在线远程工作要选对关键词。
Keys: (1)efficient (2)efficiently (3)efficiently (4)efficient
(5)efficiently and economically (6)more efficiently (7)efficiently and effectively
句式解读
1.(P53)The navy turned to Eckert, an engineer, and Mauchly, a physicist, to deal with the problem and produce a machine to do the job in a joint effort. (同位语)
【翻译】美国海军向一位工程师Eckert和一位物理学家Mauchly请求帮助，联合处理这个问题，生产做这个工作的机器。
【考点提炼】
句中的an engineer和a physicist 分别是Eckert和Mauchly的同位语。
【归纳拓展】
（一）一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行解释或补充说明，这个名词（或其它形式）就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格式要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。同位语除表示其同位成分的全部意义外，还可以表示部分意义。由两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位组成的结构，其中前项与后项所指相同，句法功能也相同，后项是前项的同位语其中常用，连接。
1.由两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位组成的结构，其中前项与后项所指相同，句法功能也相同，后项是前项的同位语其中常用‘，’连接。
Mr. Smith,our new teacher,is very kind to us.
our new teacher是主语Mr.Smith 的同位语，指同一人。
2.同位语与其同位成分关系紧密时不用逗点隔开；同位语对其同位成分只作补充解释时可用逗点隔开。
He told me that his brother John was a world-famous doctor.
（brother和John都是单一的字作同位语，与其同位成分之间不用逗点隔开。）
3.同位语除表示其同位成分的全部意义外，还可以表示部分意义。
We Chinese people are brave and hard-working. 我们中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
Chinese people是we的同位语。
（二）同位语类型
1.单词作同位语
We both come from Human.
You three take these seats.
2.短语作同位语
(1) 使用不定式作同位语。如：
He says that Computertown UK was formed for just the opposite reason,to bring computers to people and make them “people-literate”.
(2) 有时可用形容词作同位语，作用接近定语，但放在所同位名词的后面，且有逗号把它们分开。如：
People,old and young,took to the streets to watch the parade.
Wang Li,just back from the training class,was made director of the Maternity Home.
3.从句作同位语：
⑴ 同位语从句：在某些名词后面，可以跟that或连接代词（副词）引起的从句作同位语，说明其内容。
⑵同位语从句的先行词有：idea,fact,news,hope,belief,thought,doubt,promise, truth, agreement, decision等。如：
I have no idea that you were here.
The news that our team has won the match is true.
注意：有时这种同位语不紧跟在它说明的名词后面。如：
The order soon came that all the soldiers should go to the front.
⑶ 区别同位语从句和定语从句
从意义上讲，前者对名词加以补充说明，而后者对名词进行修饰和限定。
从结构上讲，前者由连接词引导，后者由关系代词引导。
从内涵上讲，前者所说明的名词与从句没有逻辑关系，后者所限定的名词是从句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语等。
引导同位语从句的连词不可省略，而引导定语从句的关系代词作宾语时常可省略。
同位语从句说明的名词大都是抽象名词，而定语从句所修饰、限定的名词则没有限制。
试比较：
The news that he was married is not true. （同位语从句。that在从句中不作任何成分，和从句没有逻辑关系）
The news that you told me yesterday is true. （定语从句。that 在句中作宾语，可以省略）
【针对练习】
单项选择
1. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt________ a cure for AIDS will be found.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
2. A warm thought suddenly came to me________ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother's birthday．
A． if B． when C． that D．which
3.Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class ________ he had to meet his uncle at the airport.
A. why B. that C. where D. because
完成句子
4.Yesterday I talked to my English teacher,___________.
昨天我与我的英语老师詹姆斯先生谈过了。
5.He is interested in sports,__________________.
他喜欢运动，特别是球类运动。
6.Yesterday I met Tom, _________________________.
昨天我遇到了我弟汤姆弟的朋友。
7.We Chinese _______ are brave and hard-working.
我们中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
Keys:1--3 BCB 4.Mr. James 5.especially ball games 6.a friend of my brothers'
7.people
2.(P53)Human life on this planet has been transformed into a “global village”, with all the different countries linked in the chain of common interests.
【翻译】人类在这个星球上的生活已经被转变成了“地球村”，所有不同的国家都因共同利益而紧紧联系了在一起。
【考点提炼】
过去分词短语linked in the chain of common interests在句子中作定语，修饰前面的名词短语different countries。
【归纳拓展】
过去分词是动词的一种非限定形式，兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征，可以在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。
1.过去分词短语，作定语修饰名词时，一般放在名词后面，作后置定语。与前面的名词之间，构成被动关系。或表示完成。
The piano used at the concert is made in France.
在音乐会上用的这架钢琴是在法国制造的。
The story written by a middle school student is very popular.
由一名中学生写的这个故事很流行。
2. 单个过去分词作定语：可放在名词前面，有时候也可以放后面。
　an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人 a retired teacher 一位退休的教师
　All the broken windows have been repaired.
所有坏了的窗户都已经修好了。
The ground is covered with fallen leaves. 地上铺满了落叶。
3.过去分词作定语与所修饰词之间存在两种意义关系：一是及物动词表被动意义(或已完成的被动动作)；二是不及物动词表示完成意义。
(1)表示被动和完成 the broken glass打碎了的杯子
(2)只表示完成不表示被动 fallen leaves落叶
4.过去分词、动词不定式的被动式和动词ing形式的被动形式都可作定语，但表示的时间概念不同。过去分词表示已经完成的行为，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用；动词ing形式的被动式表示正在进行的被动行为，可以和 now 连用；动词不定式的被动式往往表示即将进行的行为，可以和表示将来的时间状语连用。
请仔细琢磨下面这个例子：
He argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened “the Japanese morality of respect for parents”.
他认为（二战后由美国当局引进的）自由改革已经削弱了“日本人（尊敬父母）的道德观”。
(1)句子主干：He argued that...，主谓+that引导的宾语从句。意思是：他认为......
(2)宾语从句中，主干为：liberal reforms（...）had weakened “the Japanese morality of...”
意思是：自由改革已经削弱了日本人的道德观。
(3)修饰成分：introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II
introduced by...是过去分词短语，作后置定语，修饰前面的名词reforms。
意思是：二战后被美国当局引进的
【针对练习】
完成句子
1.China is not ________________________________.
中国还不是发达国家。
2.________________________________ are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料。
3.They are cleaning ________________________________ in the yard.
他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。
4.________________________________ at yesterday's meeting is very important.
昨天会上讨论的问题很重要。
5.There has been ________________________________ since I left Harbin two years ago.
自从两年前离开，哈尔滨一直没有什么变化。
6.Last Monday our class went on ________________________________ to a forest to study the wildlife.
上星期一，我们班进行了一次有组织的旅行，到森林里去研究野生动植物。
Keys: 1.a developed country 2.The injured workers 3. the fallen leaves
4.The problem discussed 5.nothing changed 6.an organized trip
课文读练专训
一、课文语法填空
If you had to choose the single most important discovery of the 20th century, you would have a real problem on your hands. In just 100 years, the world has changed 1. (complete). Amazing discoveries 2. (make) in medicine, communications and transport, not to mention our knowledge of the world and space. Medical advances 3. (range) from discovering the causes of 4. (disease) under microscopes to staging operations to replace diseased organs with
5. (donate) munications changed 6. the introduction of mobile phones,
7. the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant messages. We started 8. (fly) around the world, launching satellites into orbit and, at the same time, scientists figured out 9. to split the atom, previously thought to be 10. smallest particle of matter in the universe.
Keys: 1. completely 2. were made 3.ranged 4.diseases 5.donated 6.with 7.and 8.flying 9.how 10.the
二、完成句子
1.It's a busy day, and you're inundated by non-stop emails, text messages, phone calls, _______ _______ requests, notifications, interruptions of all kinds.
这是繁忙的一天，你被淹没在无休无止的电子邮件、短信、电话、即时信息要求、通知和各种各样的打断中。
2.If all goes _______ _______ plan, the first concert will be Tuesday evening.
如果一切按照计划进行，首场音乐会将是在周二晚上。
3.For lovers of the great outdoors, activities _______ _______ canoeing _________ bird watching.
对于户外活动的爱好者们来说，有从划船到观鸟的各种活动。
4.The fall of the Berlin Wall symbolized the end of _______ _______ _______ between East and West.
柏林墙的倒塌象征着东西方冷战的结束。
5.This conference _______ _______ _______ _______ the research of enterprises for the ecodevelopment of enterprises.
本次会议将致力于企业研究，以促进企业的生态发展。
Keys: 1. instant message 2.according to 3. range from; to 4.the Cold War 5.will be dedicated to
突破语法
【例句观察】
1.The meal is very delicious. 这顿饭很可口。
2. She is a beautiful girl. 她是一个漂亮的女孩。
3.This can make life difficult. 这让生活很困难。
【我的领悟】
在以上每个句子中都含有形容词，且在句子中担任一定的句子成分。在句1中，delicious作_____________；在句2中，beautiful作_____________；在句3中，difficult作_____________。
Keys: 表语；定语；宾语补足语
语法课堂
形容词
一、定义
形容词是说明人或事物的属性、状态或特征的词，在句子中主要作名词的装饰语。形容词通常置于其修饰的名词之前，并且多数形容词具有比较等级。
二、分类
1.描述形容词 表示名词的性质、颜色、大小和状态等的形容词。如：
He bought some new books. 他买了一些新书。
These books are new. 这些书是新的。
She wrote the letter with blue ink. 她用蓝墨水写了那封信。
The ink is blue. 这些墨水是蓝色的。
2.物质形容词 由物质名词充当或物质名词转换而成的形容词。如：
This glass dish looks very fragile. 这个玻璃盘子看起来很容易碎。
3.数量形容词
1）不定数量形容词：不定代词之后接名词时即成为不定数量形容词。如：
We got there without any trouble. 我们顺利到达那里。
We’ll see some friends tomorrow. 我们明天将去看一些朋友。
2）数词。如：
A square has four corners. 正方形有4个角。
Please accent the first syllable. 请重读第一个音节。
3）倍数词。如：
The river is half a mile across. 江面宽半英里。
They bought a double bed. 他们买了一张双人床。
4.专有形容词 由专有名词转换而成的形容词如地名、国名等。如：
He is a Chinese ambassador. 他是中国的大使。
He was born in Shanghai. 他出生于上海。
5.物主形容词 包括人称代词的所有格（形容词性物主代词）和名词的所有格。如：
My room is just above. 我的房间就在楼上。
Acquaint him with your plans. 把你的计划告诉他。
6.指示形容词 指示代词this，that，these，those之后接名词或one/ones，成为指示形容词。如：
This book of Joe’s is very amusing. 乔的这本书非常有趣。
I dislike man of that type. 我不喜欢那一类型的人。
7.疑问形容词 疑问代词which，whose，what之后接名词或代词，成为疑问形容词。如：
Whose bike is it 这是谁的自行车？
What books have you read on this subject 你读过哪些关于这方面的书？
8.关系形容词 关系代词which，whose，what之后接名词，成为关系形容词。如：
The men whose names were called left the room. 哪些被叫到名字的人离开了房间。
Do you give her what money you had 你把你所有的钱都给了她吗？
9.副词形容词 有少数副词由于没有相应的形容词，也可以充当形容词。如：
The ball here is mine. 这儿的这个球是我的。
He caught the up train. 他赶上了上行的火车。
10.动词形容词 由动词转化成的形容词，即现在分词、过去分词。如：
In spring we uncover the swimming pool. 春天我们移去游泳池的覆盖物。
There is running water in the kitchen and the bathroom. 厨房和卫生间都有自来水。
三、作用
形容词在句中作定语，表语，状语，宾语补足语和主语或宾语。
1.作定语 形容词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词前面，称为前置定语，被修饰的名词可称为主体词。如：
The company is in a difficult situation. 这家公司正处于困难的境地。
She is a good student,and she works hard. 她是一个好学生，她努力学习。
2.作表语 同名词一样，形容词也可以用在系动词后面作表语，修饰主语或说明主语的情况。如：
This bike is expensive. 这辆自行车很贵。
I am sorry, I’m busy now. 对不起，我现在很忙。
3.作主语补足语 说明主语所处的状态或其原因。如：
He spent seven days in the wind and snow,cold and hungry. 他又冷又饿，在风雪中过了7天。
4.作宾语补足语。如：
We must keep our classroom clean. 我们必须保持教室整洁。
We found the film quite instructive. 我们发现那部电影很有教育意义。
5.作主语或宾语
这有一定的限制，主要是指“定冠词+某些形容词”，表示一类人或事物，这种形容词已名词化。
(1)某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连用。如：
The poor the dead the living the rich the blind the hungry等。
The poor are losing hope. 穷人们丧失希望。
(2)某些形容词加上定冠词（the true，the false，the beautiful等）可以表示抽象事物，与谓语动词的单数连用。如：
The good is what people like. 人们总是喜欢美好的东西。
(3)有关国家和民族的形容词前面加上定冠词（the British，the English，the Chinese等）指这个民族的整体，与谓语动词的复数连用。如：
The English have wonderful sense of humor. 英国人很有幽默感。
四、在句中的位置
1.形容词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。如果有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，则由它们和被修饰的名词之间的密切程度而定，越密切的形容词越靠近名词。如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多则按音节少的形容词放在前面，音节多的形容词放在后面。
2.形容词在名词后面的几种情形：
(1)修饰不定代词some,any,every,no等
(2)后面有介词短语或不定式短语时，形容词必须置于名词之后
(3)少数形容词，如enough和possible，既可置于所修饰的名词前面也可以置于它所修饰的名词之后。
(4)有些形容词，置于名词之前与之后，含义不尽相同。例如：
the writer present 出席的作者 the present writer 现在的作者
3.由两个或两个以上的词组成的形容词词组修饰名词时须放在名词之后。如：
This is the book easy to read. 这是一本容易读的书。
4.用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面，起进一步解释的作用。如：
Everybody, man and woman,the old and the young, should attend the meeting.
每一个人，男女老少，都应该参加会议。
You can take any box away, big or small. 这些箱子，不管大小，你都可以拿走。
五、排序
在英语学习中，好多时候是多个形容词修饰一个名词，这些形容词之间的先后顺序如何记忆有方法如下：OPSHACOM：
1.OP---opinion评述性词。如beautiful，wonderful，expensive，terrible，horrible，lovely，silly，ugly等。
2. SH---size &shape表大小、形状的词。如 long，short，round，square等。
3.A---age表新旧的词。如new，old等。
4.C---colour表颜色的词。如red，black，purple，brown，yellow等。
5.O---origin表产地的词。如Italian，Spanish，Canadian，Australian，Japanese
6.M---material表材料的词。如leather，glass，rubber，metal，silk，plastic等。
按此顺序，"一件新的漂亮的意大利的黑皮夹克"的英语为：a beautiful new black Italian leather jacket。
口诀法："美小圆旧黄，法国木书房”
注：“美”代表“描述或性质类”形容词；“小”代表“大小、长短、高低、胖瘦类” 形容词；“圆”代表“形状类” 形容词；“旧”代表“新旧、年龄类” 形容词；“黄”代表“颜色类” 形容词；“法国”代表“来源、国籍、地区、出处类” 形容词；“木”代表“物质、材料、质地类” 形容词；“书”代表“用途、类别、功能、作用类” 形容词；“房”代表“中心名词”。
如：two beautiful new green silk evening dress 两件又新又漂亮的丝绸女士晚礼服；
that hungry, tired, sleepy little match girl 那个饥饿、疲劳、困倦的卖火柴的小女孩；
an old large brick dining hall 一个旧的红砖砌的大餐厅。
限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老；颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠；
其中，“限定词”包括：冠词、物主代词、指示代词、或数词，它位于各类形容词前。它本身分为三位， 即：前、中、后。前位限定词有all、half、both、分数和倍数；中位限定词有冠词、指示代词、物主代词等；后位限定词有基数词和序数词，但序数词位于基数词前。 如:both my hands、all half his income等。“描绘”性形容词如：beautiful、bad、cold、great等。“大长高”表示大小、长短、高低等一些词。表示“形状”的词如：round square等。“国籍”指一个国家或地区的词。“材料”的词如：wooden, woolen, stone,silk等。“作用类别”的词如：medical, college，writing desk，police car等。
熟记规则：大小形状和新老，颜色国籍出（处）材料多个形容词修饰同一名词时的顺序是固定的，其顺序为： ①冠词、指示代词、不定代词、物主代词+②序数词+基数词+③一般性描绘形容词+④大小、长短、形状+年龄、新旧+⑥颜色+⑦国籍、出处+⑧材料+⑨用途、类别+⑩最终修饰的名词或动名词。例如：
a beautiful little red flower 一朵美丽的小花
those four old-looking,grey,wooden houses 那四栋很久的灰色木屋
a big,round ,red,wooden,Chinese table 一个中国制造木制红色的大的圆桌子
六、其他
1.以-ly结尾的形容词 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。如：
Her singing was lovely.
He spoke to me in a very friendly way.
2.有些以-ly 结尾的词如daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early既为形容词，也为副词。如：
The Times is a daily paper.
The Times is published daily.
3.以a-开头的形容词只能作表语或补足语，不能作定语。这类形容词有:alike, alive, alone, afraid, ashamed, able, awake等。如：
The twins are very much alike. 这对双胞胎非常像。
The little boy was left alone. 这小男孩被独自留下了。
The little girl has fallen asleep. 这小女孩已经睡着了。
追踪练习
一、单项选择
1. Tony is going camping with ___ boys.
A. little two other B. two little other C. other two little D. little other two
2.One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.
A. old Chinese stone　 B. Chinese old stone　C. old stone Chinese　D. Chinese stone old
3.---- How was your recent visit to Qingdao
---- It was great. We visited some friends，and spent the ___days at the seaside.
A. few last sunny　 B. last few sunny　 C. last sunny few　 D. few sunny last
Keys: 1--3 CAB
二、完成句子
4.I have _______ _______ to tell you.
我有重要的事要告诉你。
5.Is there _______ _______ in the film
电影里有什么有趣的内容吗？
6.There is _______ _______ here.
这儿一点都不危险。
Keys: 1--3 CAB 4.something important 5. anything interesting 6. nothing dangerous
随堂知能小练
一、单词拼写
1.Some _________(科学) discoveries have been used to create weapons of destruction.
2.This has led companies and individuals to _________(捐赠) money to developing countries to
buy computer equipment and Internet facilities..
3.I demand an _________(立刻的) explanation.
4.The play was _________(随后) made into the 1983 film "Bullshot".
5.His _________(持续不断的) criticism ate away at her self-confidence.
6.Most blind people, even if they don't have any sight, are still able to _________(察觉) light.
7.Every bank pays close attention to the speed and _________ of its tellers.
Keys: 1. scientific 2.donate 3. instant 4. subsequently 5. constant 6. perceive 7.accuracy
二、单句语法填空
1.I admired him as a true __________(scientific) and hard worker.
2.The amount of the __________(donate) took us completely by surprise.
3.By means of modern technology we are able to communicate with each other__________
(instant).
4.The direction of the wind is __________(constant) changing.
5.We require grammar and spelling to be __________(accuracy).
Keys:1.scientist 2.donation 3.instantly 4.constantly 5.accurate
三、完成句子
1.No matter what you do or where you live, the quality of your attitude determines the quality of your relationships--- ______ ______ ______ just about everything else in your life.
不论你的职业是什么，也不论你居住在哪，你的主观态度决定了你的人际关系的好坏......更不用提你生命中的其它的事了。
2.They're trying to______ ______ the politics of this whole situation.
他们正试图弄明白整个形势的利害关系。
3.Three hundred million dollars will ______ ______ ______ enough.
3亿美元根本不够。
4.______ ______ ______ people spoke in support of the proposal.
只有几个人表示支持这一提议。
5.You would take things as they came. All you had to do was think a little harder and ______ ______ ______ a new solution.
既来之, 则安之，你必须多动脑子，想出个新的解决方法来。
6.It is hard to ______ ______ one piece of the whole as being "hardest" .
很难将整体中的一部分挑出来作为“最困难的”。
Keys: 1. not to mention 2. figure out 3.be nothing like 4.Only a few 5.come up with
6.single out