Unit10 Connections Period One Topic Talk 学案（含答案）

UNIT 10 CONFLICTION
美文导入
素养解读：近几年英语高考的突出特点是坚持能力立意，突出对核心素养的考查。下面这篇文章就是围绕“思维品质”这一学科素养展开的。文章介绍了与本单元话题紧密相关的“小世界理论”在社交网络中广泛运用的情况，有助于提升同学们在多方面地了解人际交往的基本原理，从而拓宽自己对人际关系、人与社会的理解。
主题：人与社会 学科素养：思维品质 难度系数：★★★★★
【导读】本文简单介绍了“小世界理论”的原理及其在社交网络中的广泛运用。
The Small-World Phenomenon and Decentralized Search
The small-world phenomenon -- the principle that we are all linked by short chains of acquaintances, or "six degrees of separation" -- is a fundamental issue in social networks; it is a basic statement about the abundance of short paths in a graph whose nodes are people, with links joining pairs who know one another. It is also a topic on which the feedback between social, mathematical, and computational issues has been particularly fluid.
The problem has its roots in experiments performed by the social psychologist Stanley Milgram in the 1960s. To trace out short paths through the social network of the United States, he asked participants to forward a letter to a "target person" living near Boston, with the restriction that each participant could advance the letter only by forwarding it to a single acquaintance. Milgram found that the median completed chain length was six. Why should a social network contain such short paths
Working much more recently, applied mathematicians Duncan Watts and Steve Strogatz proposed thinking about networks with this small-world property as a superposition: a highly clustered(成群的) sub-network consisting of the "local acquaintances" of nodes, together with a collection of random long-range shortcuts that help produce short paths. In addition to empirical studies of social, technological, and biological networks, Watts and Strogatz considered the following simple model system: Start with a d-dimensional lattice network(晶格网络), and add a small number of long-range links out of each node, to destinations chosen uniformly at random. A network created by this superposition will have local clustering and short paths, just like many of the networks found in the real world...
课标词汇
acquaintance / kwe nt ns/ n. 熟人；相识；了解；知道
abundance / b nd ns/ n. 充裕，丰富
fluid / flu d/ adj. 流动的；不固定的，易变的；流畅的，优美的
forward / f w d/ v. 发送；转寄；促进；运送
trace out 描绘出；探寻；探寻踪迹
in addition to 除……之外（还有，也）；另外
at random 胡乱地；随便地；任意地
句型精析
1.The small-world phenomenon -- the principle that we are all linked by short chains of acquaintances, or "six degrees of separation" -- is a fundamental issue in social networks.
分析：这是一个简单句。句子的主语是“The small-world phenomenon”，谓语是is，a fundamental issue in social networks是这个简单句的表语。 “the principle that we are all linked by short chains of acquaintances”是同位语从句。 "six degrees of separation"是和The small-world phenomenon并列的，故用or连接。
译文：小世界理论，或者说“六度分割理论”----原理是我们都被极短的熟人链所连接，是社交网络中的根本问题。
2.To trace out short paths through the social network of the United States, he asked participants to forward a letter to a "target person" living near Boston, with the restriction that each participant could advance the letter only by forwarding it to a single acquaintance.
分析：“To trace out short paths through the social network of the United States”是目的状语， “with the restriction that each participant could advance the letter only by forwarding it to a single acquaintance”是方式状语，且这个状语中包含一个由that引导的定语从句。
译文：为了通过美国的社交网络追寻简短路径，他（指Stanley Milgram）吩咐参与者给住在波士顿附近的一个“目标人”寄送一封信，限制的要求是每个参与者只能把这封信寄给一个熟悉的人。
核心素养目标
【语言技能】
学会含有过去时态的被动语态；
了解表示模糊概念的语言，掌握美式英语和英式英语的差别并用来传递意义；
学写一篇新闻报道；
准确流利表达你对第一印象的观点。
【素养提升】
掌握人际交往的基本原理，学会结交合适的人际关系；
关注并积极投身于健康、有意的社区活动，维系和谐、良好的邻里关系
Period One Topic Talk
课前自主预习
重点单词
1. clinic n.___________
2. gallery n.___________
3. grocery n._________
4. stadium n.___________
5. bakery n.___________
6. cafeteria n.___________
7.canteen n.___________
8. suburb n.___________
9. ___________ n. 抵触，冲突，矛盾
10. ___________ n. 干涉，干预
11. ___________ n. 已经不合，分歧，争论
12. ___________ vt. 羡慕，妒忌
13. ___________ n. 不合，冲突，摩擦
14. ___________n.鼓励，鼓舞；起鼓励作用的事物
15. ___________ vt.干扰，打扰，使中断
16. ___________ vi.道歉，谢罪
1.诊所，门诊部 2.美术馆，画廊 3.食品杂货；超级市场 4.体育场，运动场 5.面包烘房，糕饼店 6.（工厂、学校等的）自助餐厅，食堂 7.（工厂、学校等的）食堂，餐厅 8.郊区，近郊，城郊 9.conflict
10.intervention 11. disagreement 12. envy
13. friction 14. encouragement 15.disturb 16.apologise
重点词块
1.be related to ___________ 2.be very important to sb. ___________
3.相信___________ 4.闲待；厮混___________
5.come up___________ 6.on social media ___________
7. in an online forum___________ 8.有点___________
9.从......学会；学习___________ 10.查明；发现___________
11.与......相处融洽___________ 12. in close in...___________
13.过去常常做某事___________ 14. 打架___________
15.for very long ___________ 16. sort out___________
17.too much noise___________ 18.根本不___________
19. a good community spirit ___________ 20. 最后___________
21.相反 ___________ 22.从那以后___________
1.与.......有关 2.对某人很重要 3.believe in 4. hang out 5.出现 6.在社交媒体上 7.在一个网络论坛 8.a bit of 9.learn from 10. find out 11. get on well with... 12.在.....很相近 13. used to do sth. 14.fight with 15.长时间地 16.解决 17.太多噪音 18.not...at all 19.良好的社区精神 20. in the end 21. instead of 22.from then on
重点句式
1.The last person_________________ (我所拍照的) was my sister Daisy when we were hanging out last weekend at the park. (省略介词宾语的定语从句)
2.We’re very close in age so we used to play with each other ________________________(当我们是孩子的时候). (when引导的时间状语后置)
3._____________(基本上；大体上), they were making too much noise in their flat in the evenings and it was really disturbing us. (副词单独作状语)
4.___________________________(而不是待在公寓里), feeling angry about the noise, we went over to their flat, told them how unhappy the noise was making us and they apologise and said they would make less noise from then on. (instead of后面接动词的-ing形式)
1. I took a photo of 2.when we were children 3.Basically 4.Instead of staying in our flat
课堂新知讲练
词汇拓讲
1.conflict n. 抵触，矛盾，冲突
(P107)Well, sometimes conflicts will come up, but never for very long.
【翻译】嗯，有时候会出现矛盾，但是从来不会存在很长时间。
【用法详解】
conflict n. 抵触，矛盾，冲突
Her diary was a record of her inner conflict.
她的日记记录了她内心的矛盾。
They have been the aggressors in this conflict.
他们一直是这场冲突中的挑衅者。
There is a conflict between what they are doing and what you want.
他们在做的和你想要的之间存在冲突。
The conflict has now reached a new level of intensity.
冲突现在已经达到了新的激烈程度。
A danger exists of the conflict becoming internationalized.
存在着冲突变得国际化的危险。
conflict 作名词时，还有“争执”的意思。
Try to keep any conflict between you and your ex-partner to a minimum.
尽量把你和前合伙人之间的争执控制到最少。
conflict 也可作动词，意为“冲突，抵触；争执；战斗”。
Personal ethics and professional ethics sometimes conflict.
个人道德与职业道德之间有时会相冲突。
He held firm opinions which usually conflicted with mine.
他持有坚定的、通常跟我的相冲突的观点。
conflicting adj. 冲突的；相矛盾的；不一致的
The president faces conflicting advice from his brain trust.
总统面对着智囊团提出的相互冲突的意见。
conflict with sth. 不合；不一致；冲突；抵触
A and B conflict. A和B相冲突。
Their account of events conflicts with ours.
他们对事件的说法与我们的说法截然不同。
These results conflict with earlier findings.
这些结果与早期的发现相矛盾。
John often comes into conflict with his boss.
约翰经常和他的老板发生争执。
in conflict with... 意为“和.......冲突”。
any of these ideas appear to be in conflict with each other.
这些观念中有许多看上去似乎相互矛盾。
She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career.
她发现自己在将来择业的问题上与父母存在着分歧。
confliction n. 冲突
I think there is no confliction in them.
我想这二者之间是没有冲突的。
The international monetary like US dollar, if there is confliction between its
international role and domestic role, then how to explain and analyse.
像美元这样的国际货币，如果它的国际角色和国内角色发生冲突，应该如何解释和分析。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)We should learn to respect others so as to avoid attrition and _________(conflict).
(2)Social progress is normally a matter of struggles and _________(conflict).
(3)They have met tough situations, such as sufferings from the hardships of carving out and the dilemma between family and enterprise, the _________(conflict)
between ideal and the reality, and so on.
(4)They confused me with _________(conflict) accounts of what happened.
完成句子
(5)The story tells of a classic ______ ______ love and duty.
这故事讲的是典型的爱情与责任之间的矛盾。
(6)I'm ______ ______ ______ my parents on which major to choose.
我在选什么专业上和我的父母存在分歧。
(7)But the notion that what is ours is necessarily ______ ______ ______ what is theirs is both false and dangerous.
有人认为，属于我们的必然与属于他们的矛盾冲突，这种看法不仅是错误的，也是危险的。
(1)confliction (2)conflicts (3)confliction (4)conflicting (5)conflict between (6)in conflict with (7)in conflict with
2.encouragement n. 鼓励，鼓舞；起激励作用的事物
(P107)The most important thing is that we are always there for each other whenever one needs some help or just a bit of encouragement.
【翻译】最重要的是，无论什么时候，哪个需要帮助，或者一些鼓励，我们彼此都总是会出现的。
【用法详解】
encouragement n. 鼓励，鼓舞；起激励作用的事物
其复数形式为encouragements。
Friends gave me a great deal of encouragement.
朋友们给了我极大的鼓励。
He needs all the support and encouragement he can get.
他需要所能得到的一切支持和鼓励。
encourage vt. 鼓励，怂恿；激励；支持
When things aren't going well, he encourages me, telling me not to give up.
当事情不顺利的时候，他鼓励我，告诉我不要放弃。
Herbie Hancock was encouraged by his family to learn music at a young age.
赫比·汉考克小时候受到家人鼓励去学音乐。
encourage to do sth. 鼓励做某事
I encourage to join the list and contribute your thoughts to the project.
我鼓励您加入这个列表，并提供您对这个项目的想法。
encourage的反义词为discourage， vt. 阻止；使气馁
It may be difficult to do at first. Don't let this discourage you.
开始时做起来也许比较困难。不要让这个泄你的气。
She was determined not to be too discouraged.
她下了决心不要太气馁。
His parents tried to discourage him from being an actor.
他的父母试图阻止他去当演员。
The Swiss wanted to discourage an inflow of foreign money.
瑞士人想要阻止外资流入。
discouraged adj. 灰心的，丧气的
discouraging adj. 使人沮丧的；令人气馁的
discouragement n. 气馁；挫折；劝阻
courage n. 勇气；胆量
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Her criticisms had the effect of _________(discourage) him completely.
(2)He wasn't _________(discourage) when they threw cold water on his ideas.
(3)Investors were_________(courage) by the news.
(4)He persevered in the face of active _________(discourage) from those around him.
完成句子
(5)She was not lacking _______ ________.
她并不缺乏勇气。
(6)Her words were _______ ________ _________ to them.
她的话对他们是极大的鼓舞。
(7)He brightened up at their _______ ________ _________.
听到他们鼓励的话，他高兴起来。
(8)Those children whom parents _______ ________ _________ part-time jobs will possess
more confidence.
那些被父母鼓励去从事兼职工作的孩子会拥有更多的自信。
(1)discouraging (2)discouraged (3)encouraged (4)discouragement
(5)in courage (6) a great encouragement (7)words of encouragement (8) encourage to take
3.hang out 闲待，厮混
(P107)The last person I took a photo of was my sister Daisy when we were hanging out last weekend at the park.
【翻译】当我们上个周末在公园闲逛的时候，我最近拍照的是我的妹妹黛西。
【用法详解】
hang out 闲待，厮混
hang v. 悬；吊；悬着;吊着;垂着;吊死;绞死;悬浮;死机;笼罩
其过去式和过去分词均为hung，现在分词为hanging。
hang out 闲逛；挂出
I was worried I wouldn't be able to hang my laundry out.
我担心不能把洗的衣服晾到外面去。
We should hang out more often.
我们该常常一起出来玩。
hang around 闲荡；徘徊
You shouldn't hang around alone at night.
晚上你不应该一个人闲荡。
He used to skip lessons and hang around the harbour with some other boys.
他过去经常逃课，和其他一些男孩子在码头上闲荡。
Drunken youths hang around outside looking for trouble.
喝醉的年轻人在街头游荡滋事。
hang in 坚持
Hang in there and you never know what is achievable.
坚持下去，你永远无法知道会有什么样的收获。
hang on 坚持下去；不挂断；握住不放
Can you hang on for a minute
你能等一会儿吗？
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)I often used to ________ _______ in supermarkets.
我过去常常到超市闲逛。
(2)________ _______ there, retirement is only thirty years away!
坚持住，距离退休只有三十年了！
(3)________ _______. I'll be ready in half a minute.
等一下。我马上就准备好了。
(1)hang out (2)Hang in (3)Hang on
4.disturb vt. 干扰，打扰；使中断
(P107)Basically, they were making too much noise in their flat in the evenings and it was really disturbing us.
【翻译】基本上，晚上，他们在自己的寓所里发出了太多的噪音，这严重干扰了我们的生活。
【用法详解】
disturb vt. 干扰，打扰；使中断
disturby意义比较广泛，还有“妨碍；弄乱；使恼怒；使不安”等意思。
What could possibly disturb such tranquillity
有什么能破坏这种宁静？
I dream about him, dreams so vivid that they disturb me for days.
我梦到他了，梦是那么栩栩如生以至于困扰了我好几天。
disturbing adj. 令人不安的；烦扰的
There was something about him she found disturbing.
她发现他身上有些东西让她觉得不安。
Who is it this time, disturbing people on such a night
这一次是谁，在这样的夜里打扰别人？
disturbed adj. 扰乱的；受到干扰的
Doctors were disturbed that less than 30 percent of the patients were women.
医生们对女性病人占不到30％深感不安。
The letter shocked and disturbed me.
这封信使我感到震惊和不安。
disturbance n. 干扰；骚乱；忧虑（复数形式为disturbances）
During the disturbance which followed, three Englishmen were hurt.
在随后的骚乱中，3个英国人受伤了。
The building work is creating constant noise, dust and disturbance.
建筑施工不断制造噪音、灰尘和干扰。
Poor educational performance is related to emotional disturbance.
学习表现不好与情绪不稳定有关
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)The newspaper has unearthed some ________(disturb) facts.
(2)I was deeply ________(disturb) and depressed by the news.
(3)Successful breeding requires quiet, peaceful conditions with as little ________(disturb) as possible.
完成句子
(4)If you get up early, try _____ ______ ______ everyone else.
如果你起得早，尽量不要打扰别人。
(5)Did you sleep well I didn't want _____ ______ ______. You looked so peaceful.
你睡得好吗？我不想打扰你。你看起来如此平静。
(1)disturbing (2)disturbed (3)disturbance (4)not to disturb (5)to disturb you
5.apologise vi. 道歉，谢罪
(P107)Instead of staying in our flat, feeling angry about the noise, we went over to their flat, told them how unhappy the noise was making us and they apologise and said they would make less noise from then on.
【翻译】不是待在公寓里，对这些噪音生闷气，我们去了他们的寓所，告诉他们，这些噪音使我们多么的不舒服。他们向我们道歉，说从那以后会减少噪音。
【用法详解】
apologise vi. 道歉，谢罪，又可写作apologize。
For my part I apologise for any offence caused by my actions at the end of the game.
对我来说，我对昨晚比赛后由于我的言行引起的冒犯表示道歉。
apologize to sb 向某人道歉。如：
　Apologize to your sister. 去给你姐姐赔个不是。
　I’ve come to apologize to you. 我来向你道歉。
　apologize for sth 因某事而道歉。如：
　I must apologize for the delay in replying to your letter. 未能及时给你回信，我得向你道歉。
　　注：以下两个句型有时可以配合使用。如：
　　He apologized to the teaching for coming late. 他因迟到而向老师道歉。
apology n.道歉；谢罪；辩护；勉强的替代物
1.make an apology to sb 向某人道歉。如：
　　He made an apology to her. 我向他道歉了。
　　2.make an apology for sth 因某事而道歉。如：
He made an apology for what he said. 他为他所说的话道了歉。
apologies n.n. 道歉；道歉语（apology的复数）
When Mary finally appeared, she made her apologies to Mrs. Velasquez.
当玛丽最终露面时，她向委拉斯开兹夫人道了歉。
We should like to offer our apologies for the delay to your flight today.
今天航班误点，敬请原谅。
apology letter 道歉信；致歉函
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)She made her _______(apology) and left early.
(2)He _______(apologize) for not being able to meet her.
完成句子
(3)I must _______ ______ missing our appointment yesterday.
我必须为错过昨天的约会道歉。
(4)He _______ ______ _______ ______me for hurting my feelings.
他因伤害了我的感情而向我道歉。
(1)apologies (2)apologized (3)apologise for (4)made an apology to
句式解读
1.（P107）Instead of staying in our flat, feeling angry about the noise, we went over to their flat, told them how unhappy the noise was making us and they apologise and said they would make less noise from then on.
【翻译】不是待在公寓里，对这些噪音生闷气，我们去了他们的寓所，告诉他们，这些噪音使我们多么的不舒服。他们向我们道歉，说从那以后会减少噪音。
【考点提炼】
Instead of staying in our flat 为介词短语前置，作状语。
【归纳拓展】
作为短语介词，instead of 后面常跟名词、代词和动名词，偶尔也跟复合结构。
I have come instead of my brother.
I will go instead of you.
If I hadn’t got a cold I’d be working instead of lying here in bed.
Instead of doing it himself, he got a man to do it.
Instead of 后面还可跟形容词、副词、动词、不定式、介词短语和从句。
Taking exercise every day makes him look youngerinstead of older. 每天锻炼身体使他显得更年轻而不是苍老。（连接形容词）
I go to bed late instead of early.
我总是很晚才睡。（连接副词）
That increased instead of decreased our courage.
这增加而不是减少了我们的勇气。（连接动词）
He proposes to do some work instead of to watch television.
他提议做些工作而不是看电视。（连接不定式）
In warm weather he often reads under a tree instead of in the library.
天气暖和的时候，他常常是在树下而不是在图书馆里读书。（连接介词短语）
介词短语作前置状语，常用来表示强调，后面通常有逗号隔开。
For eight times, the base was destroyed.
On the whole,Jack has been a good friend.
With all your faults, I still like you.
In brief, your paper doesn’t focus on the topic.
介词短语作状语，用来修饰动词，通常放在句子的后面。
We live quite near my office.（地点）
Who knows what will happen in the future （时间）
The sewing machine is worked by foot.（方式）
We're waiting for them to arrive for lunch.（目的）
He worked himself to death.（结果）
He is so useful to me that I can't do without him.（条件）
He lay on his bed with the sunlight falling on his face.（伴随状语）
I don't believe in dream.（范畴）
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)_____ ______ ______, we must cut our budget in half.
我认为我们应该让预算减半。
(2)_____ ______ ______ a hand, he laughed at us.
他不仅没有帮我们一把，反而嘲笑我们。
(3)A word of encouragement might have made me respect _____ ______ ______ ______.
他若是说一句鼓励的话，那么我或许不会恨他，反而会敬重他。
(4)_____ ______ ______, silver began to flow out of, instead of into, the country.
结果，银开始流出而不是流入该国。
In my opinion (2)Instead of lending (3) instead of hate him (4)As a result
2.（P107）Basically, they were making too much noise in their flat in the evenings and it was really disturbing us.
【翻译】基本上，晚上，他们在自己的寓所里发出了太多的噪音，这严重干扰了我们的生活。
【考点提炼】
Basically是单独的副词放在句首作状语，修饰整个句子。
【归纳拓展】
在英语中，有些副词，单独放在句子前面，并用逗号与主句隔开，与主句并不紧密结合。它不是修饰谓语的,而是对整个句子进行说明或解释,表明说话人对话语的看法或态度。
这类副词通常有：
absurdly 荒谬地 actually 实际上
admittedly 无可否认地 astonishingly 令人惊讶地
certainly 的确 coincidentally 碰巧
curiously 好奇地 definitely 明确地干脆地
educationally 教育上地 evidently 明显地
financially 经济上 frankly 坦率地说
fortunately 幸运 honestly 说真的
hopefully 有希望前途地
Astonishingly, a large percentage of online commenters said they understood why the onlookers did not lend a helping hand.
让人惊讶的是，很大的一部分网络评论说他们理解那些不愿伸出援手的旁观者。
Coincidentally, I had once found myself in a similar situation.
碰巧的是，我有一次发现自己曾处于类似的境地。
Admittedly, they have good reason to be nervous about safety.
无可否认地，他们有很好理由担心安全。
Hopefully, you won't have any problems after reading this.
但愿你读完这个后就不会有什么问题了。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)_______, they had both studied in Paris.
碰巧的是，他们俩都在巴黎学习过。
(2)_______, it was difficult, but it wasn't impossible.
无可否认地它是很难，但并非不可能。
(3)_______, we'll arrive before dark.
我们有望在天黑前到达
(4)_______, a crowd of several thousands turned out to hear him.
令人十分惊异的是有几千人来听他讲话。
(5)_______, the general asked him the reason why and was told of his deadly disease.
将军奇怪地问他是什么原因让他高兴不起来。他道出了自己的病情。
【单句语法填空】
(6)_________(Financial), I'm much better off than before.
(7)_________(Frank), Thomas, this question of your loan is beginning to worry me.
(8)_________(Economical), socially and educationally, their descendants have barely
moved up.
(1)Coincidentally (2) Admittedly (3)Hopefully (4)Astonishingly (5)Curiously
(6)Financially (7)Frankly (8)Economically
随堂知能小练
一、单词拼写
1.He checked into a top London c yesterday for an operation on his knee.
2.A significant exhibition of contemporary sculpture will be on view at the Portland G .
3.The factory had its own hospital, b and food stores. And everything was
connected with kilometers of tunnels.
4.A c is a restaurant where you choose your food from a counter and take it to your table after paying for it.
5. If you live in the s , you live in an area of houses outside the centre of a city or large town.
6. If there is f between people, there is disagreement and argument between them.
7. E is the activity of encouraging someone, or something that is said or done in order to encourage them.
8.Many people felt he would be hostile to the idea of foreign i .
9.I don't e the young ones who've become TV superstars and know no other world.
10.If I've caused any offence(冒犯) over something I have written, I will happily a .
1.clinic 2.Gallery 3.bakery 4.cafeteria 5.suburbs 6.friction 7.Encouragement 8.intervention 9. envy 10.apologize
二、单句语法填空
1.It calls for our _________(intervene) in tourist behavior that destroys public facilities
and the environment.
2.The generation gap can result in misunderstandings and cause _______(frict) between
parents andchildren.
3.He needs all the support and __________(encourage) he can get.
4.Despite our __________(disagreement), we have been able to find some common ground.
5.He __________(envy) her—she seemed to have everything she could possibly want.
1.intervention 2.friction 3.encouragement 4.disagreements 5.envies/envied
三、完成句子
1.He had ______ ______ ______ Smith and bloodied his nose.
他跟史密斯打了一架，把他的鼻子打出了血。
2.And then there's a big fountain. We used to ______ ______ at the fountain.
那儿还有一个大喷泉。我们以前常在喷泉边转悠。
3.He put a plus ______ ______ a minus.
他填了个加号而不是减号。
4.Much of the crime in this area ______ ______ ______ drug abuse.
这一地区的许多犯罪都与吸毒有关。
5.I was delayed – something ______ ______ at home.
我耽搁了-–家里有事意外发生。
1.a fight with 2. hang out 3. instead of 4. is related to 5. came up