北师大版（2019）选择性必修一Unit3 Conservation单元综合测试卷（有答案无听力题）

Unit3 Conservation单元综合测试卷
时间：100分钟　　　满分：120分
　选择题部分
第二部分　阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
You can’t hide a natural disaster from children,so how do we prepare them for it First of all,you should explain to them that acts of nature aren’t necessarily disasters but can become one.These may include floods,hurricanes,tornadoes,winter storms,wild fires,and earthquakes.The way to prepare children for these disasters is to educate them about what each type is and then make it fun by making them “Disaster Masters” or whatever title you can think of.
Making them a Disaster Master won’t be easy.They must know what’s in a disaster emergency kit(工具箱) and why it’s included.You can get your friends involved,too.If your friends have children,they may want to be involved in your emergency preparations.Make it a group project.This is the opportunity for everyone to become familiar with the equipment.
We have to be aware of our conduct and the way we react to stress.The children will be easily influenced by your attitude and demeanor,the calmness,steady manner,and good humour of your spouse(配偶) and you will go a long way towards the easing or the reduction of stress.
Explain to them what they’re likely to encounter or see and describe how people may react.Disasters can come and go very quickly and generally don’t last long.If you must stay away from home,try to get into a routine quickly and encourage them to make new friends.Let them know they can look to their parents and other adults if they become scared or confused.And it’s important to let them know it’s OK to cry during a disaster.
It’s sometimes helpful to let the children draw pictures of what they’ve experienced.Encourage them to write what they learned and what could have been done better.Save the story.Make it part of a documented family history!
1.This passage was written mainly to tell us about 　　　.
A.the importance of mutual help in disaster preparation
B.tips for preparing children for a natural disaster
C.the importance of educating children about natural disasters
D.ways to raise children’s courage in natural disasters
2.It is a must that a Disaster Master knows 　　　.
A.when a natural disaster will come
B.why there are natural disasters
C.how to use a disaster emergency kit
D.how to teach others about emergency preparations
3.The underlined word “demeanor” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by “　　　”.
A.personality　　　　　 B.lifestyle
C.emotion D.behaviour
4.When they meet with a natural disaster,children 　　　.
A.must write down what they see and how they feel
B.should believe that the disaster will never last long
C.can cry if they are frightened
D.should help other children despite the danger
B
I was desperately nervous about car-free.But eight months ago our car was hit by a passing vehicle and it was destroyed.No problem,I thought:we’ll buy another.But the insurance payout didn’t even begin to cover the costs of buying a new car—I worked out that,with the loan(贷款) we’d need plus petrol,insurance,parking permits and tax,we would make a payment as much as ￡600 a month.
And that’s when I had my fancy idea.Why not just give up having a car at all I live in London.We have a railway station behind our house,a tube station 10 minutes’ walk away,and a bus stop at the end of the street.A new car club had just opened in our area,and one of its shiny little red Peugeots was parked nearby.If any family in Britain could live without a car,I reasoned,then surely we were that family.
But my new car-free idea,sadly,wasn’t shared by my family.My teenage daughters were horrified.What would their friends think about our family being “too poor to afford a car” (I wasn’t that bothered what they thought,and I suggested the girls should take the same approach.)My friends,too,were astonished at our plan.What would happen if someone got seriously ill overnight and needed to go to hospital (an ambulance) How would the children get to and from their many events (buses and trains) People smiled as though this was another of my mad ideas,before saying they were sure I’d soon realise that a car was a necessity.
Eight months on,I wonder whether we’ll ever own a car again.The idea that you “have to” own a car,especially if you live in a city,is all in the mind.I live—and many other citizens do too—in a place that has never been better served by public transport,and yet car ownership has never been higher.We worry about rising car costs,but we’d be better off asking something much more basic:do I really need a car Certainly the answer is no,and I’m a lot richer because I dared to ask the question.
5.The author decided to live a car-free life partly because 　　　.
A.most families chose to go car-free
B.he was hurt in a terrible car accident
C.the traffic jam was unbearable for him
D.the cost of a new car was too much
6.What is the attitude of the author’s family towards his plan
A.Supportive. B.Disapproving.
C.Optimistic. D.Unconcerned.
7.What did the author suggest his daughters do about their friends’ opinion
A.Argue against it. B.Take their advice.
C.Leave it alone. D.Think it over.
8.What conclusion did the author draw after the eight-month car-free life
A.Life cannot go without a car.
B.His life gets improved without a car.
C.Life without a car is a little bit hard.
D.A car-free life does not suit everyone.
C
By the end of the century,if not sooner,the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate,according to a new study.
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms(海洋微生物) called phytoplankton.Because of the way light reflects off the organisms,these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface.Ocean colour varies from green to blue,depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton.Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas,while reducing it in other spots,leading to changes in the ocean’s appearance.
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface,where they pull carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)into the ocean while giving off oxygen.When these organisms die,they bury carbon in the deep ocean,an important process that helps to regulate the global climate.But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean’s warming trend.Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth,since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz,a scientist in MIT’s Centre for Global Change Science,built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century.In a world that warms up by 3℃,it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur.The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer.But in some waters,such as those of the Arctic,a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton,and these areas will turn greener.“Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing,”she said,“but the type of phytoplankton is changing.”
And why does that matter Phytoplankton are the base of the food web.If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean,Dutkiewicz said,“it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive.”Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.
Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable,but they could mean significant changes.“It’ll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change,”Dutkiewicz said,“but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.”
9.What are the first two paragraphs mainly about
A.The various patterns at the ocean surface.
B.The cause of the changes in ocean colour.
C.The way light reflects off marine organisms.
D.The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.
10.What does the underlined word“vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A.Sensitive.　　　　　 B.Beneficial.
C.Significant. D.Unnoticeable.
11.What can we learn from the passage
A.Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.
B.Dutkiewicz’s model aims to project phytoplankton changes.
C.Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate.
D.Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.
D
The twentieth century saw greater changes than any century before.Changes for the better,changes for the worse,changes that brought a lot of benefits to human beings,changes that put man in danger.Many things caused the changes,but,in my opinion,the most important was the progress in science.
Scientific research in physics and biology has vastly broadened our views.It has given us a deeper knowledge of the structure of matter and of the universe.It has brought us a better understanding of the nature of life and of its continuous development.Technology in the application of science has made big advances that have benefited us in nearly every part of life.
The continuation of such activities in the twenty-first century will result in even greater advantages to human beings;in pure science—a wider and deeper knowledge in all fields of learning;in applied science—a more reasonable sharing of material benefits,and better protection of the environment.
Sadly,however,there is another side to the picture.The creativity of science has been employed in doing damage to mankind.The application of science and technology to the development and production of weapons of mass destruction has created a real danger to the continued existence of the human race on this planet.We have seen this happen in the case of nuclear weapons.Although their actual use has so far occurred only in the Second World War,the number of nuclear weapons that were produced and made ready for use was so large that if the weapons had actually been used,the result could have been the ruin of the human race,as well as of many kinds of animals.
William Shakespeare said,“The web of our life is of a mingled yarn(纱线),good and ill together.” The above brief review of the application of only one part of human activities—science—seems to prove what Shakespeare said.But does it have to be so Must the ill always go together with the good Are we biologically programmed for war
12.What can we infer from the fourth paragraph
A.A great many nuclear weapons were actually used for war.
B.A large number of nuclear weapons should have been used for war.
C.The author is doubtful about the ruin of human beings by nuclear weapons.
D.The author is anxious about the huge number of nuclear weapons on the Earth.
13.What does the underlined word “mingled” most probably mean
A.Simple.　　　 B.Mixed.
C.Sad. D.Happy.
14.What do you think the author is most likely to suggest if he continues to write
A.Further application of science to war.
B.More reading of William Shakespeare.
C.Proper use of science in the new century.
D.Effective ways to separate the good from the ill.
15.Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage
(①=“Paragraph” 1,②=“Paragraph” 2,③=“Paragraph” 3,
④=“Paragraph” 4,⑤=“Paragraph” 5)
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Find Ways to Respond to a Major Disaster
When natural disasters like hurricanes and earthquakes happen,there’s always a great need for coordinated(协调的) disaster relief and recovery.　1　
Volunteer
To take a hands-on approach to disaster recovery,volunteer your time and talents.You can travel to the affected regions to provide support.　2　It is recommended that you volunteer through one of the professional organisations for your safety and your skills can be put to best use.
Donate money
Disaster victims often have lost their homes or need to relocate.In many cases,your money is just as valuable as your physical presence in helping with relief efforts.Many organisations provide temporary housing,food and other items for victims.　3　 Even organisations like the Red Cross have been criticised for how donated funds have been allocated(分配).
Donate blood
If you can’t travel and don’t feel comfortable giving money,a need for donated blood always existed.The Red Cross and local medical organisations manage blood supplies that are important to disaster victims.Call the Red Cross to schedule an appointment.　4　
　5　
Goods are valuable in stricken areas.Building materials and donations of bottled water or household items can be placed on trucks and taken to the disaster areas.It is the best to allow the professional organisations to coordinate these donation efforts and see that the needed supplies reach a location where they will be best used for recovery.
A.Send needed items.
B.Make preparations.
C.Or look out for a blood drive in your area.
D.A lot of people are skilful at organising local response.
E.Whether disaster has occurred at home or abroad,you can help.
F.Before giving,though,make sure you trust the organisation receiving your money.
G.And you can do everything from providing first aid to rebuilding homes in these areas.
第三部分　语言运用(共三节，满分40分)
第一节　完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My previous home had a stand of woods behind it and many animals in the backyard.That first year,I 　1　 feeding peanuts to the blue jays,then the squirrels.The squirrels had no 　2　 coming up right to me for them.As the months went by,the rabbits saw that I was no 　3　 and didn’t escape.When I threw carrot slices(薄片),they even came for a nibble(啃).Slowly they came to 　4　 me,and by the end of the year they were eating out of my hand.
That second year,the rabbits 　5　 me,and one would even sit up for slices!While I was feeding them,I 　6　 that a groundhog who used to run away was now taking an 　7　 interest in this food situation.I carefully extended a long 　8　,with a keen eye on those teeth,and 　9　,there were times I would have the groundhog sitting next to a rabbit,both munching(用力咀嚼) on carrots.A few months later,while 　10　,she would even turn her back to me.　11　 when she was facing away,I reached out and 　12　 scratched(搔) her back with my finger.She didn’t move.
By year three,the rabbits and the groundhog were back.The groundhog 　13　 didn’t have a problem with me scratching her back,and I got an idea.I’d always 　14　,while slicing up carrots,that the end looked like a cap.　15　 one day,just to see what she would do,I gently 　16　 one on top of the groundhog’s head.Again,not a 　17　.The next time,I had my camera ready to record what you see here,one of several dozen such pictures.　18　 she had a slice to eat,she never 　19　 the one on her head.It was a fair 　20　—I got a pleasure,and she had yet another tasty treat.
1.A.avoided　　 B.started
C.canceled D.suggested
2.A.business B.fun
C.problem D.privilege
3.A.help B.cheat
C.threat D.exception
4.A.trust B.miss
C.admire D.appreciate
5.A.feared B.ignored
C.discovered D.remembered
6.A.proved B.decided
C.noticed D.understood
7.A.extreme B.increasing
C.additional D.inspiring
8.A.squirrel B.rabbit
C.peanut D.carrot
9.A.before long B.long ago
C.over and over D.all over again
10.A.eating B.playing
C.sitting D.sleeping
11.A.Next B.Once
C.Soon D.Lately
12.A.carefully B.suddenly
C.violently D.patiently
13.A.also B.thus
C.just D.still
14.A.thought B.doubted
C.admitted D.recognised
15.A.While B.Or
C.So D.For
16.A.fixed B.placed
C.hung D.kept
17.A.tremble B.move
C.delay D.hesitation
18.A.Even if B.Ever since
C.As far as D.So long as
19.A.welcomed B.required
C.bothered D.expected
20.A.trade B.competition
C.task D.affair
非选择题部分
第二节 语篇语法填空(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
The last few years have seen environmental disasters 1.　　　　　　 a grand scale,and experts are predicting far worse to come.Jin Li reports on our Earth’s changeable weather patterns.
So why is nature beginning to turn on us One answer is overpopulation.The population of the world 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　(grow) at the disturbing rate of 10,000 people an hour,nearly 90 million a year,with most of the growth in the 3.　　　　　　　(develop) world.People in agricultural areas,without any means to earn their living,move to the cities,and then construct shabby homes from 4.　　　　　　　 materials they can find on poor clay soil.These homes,seldom made of bricks,can 5.　　　　　　(easy) fall down in earthquakes or slip and slide downhill in landslides,especially in mountainous areas.On top of that adds global warming.This has mainly been caused by the huge amounts of carbon dioxide 6.　　　　　　　　(produce) by factories and vehicles,and the destruction of the world’s forests.As a result,a 7.　　　　　　(hot) ocean causes more powerful winds.Atlantic hurricanes—their howling winds with speeds of over 300 kilometres 8.　　　　　　 hour—are 40% stronger now than they were 30 years ago.
Most disaster experts believe there is the potential 9.　　　　　　 things could get a lot worse.Professor Hou Ming,of Beijing University 10.　　　　　　(study) volcanoes and he warns that the world has not seen the worst nature can do.
第四部分　写作(满分40分)
第一节 应用文写作（20分）
为配合学校开展的垃圾分类工作,学生会向全校学生发出了“垃圾分类,从我做起”的倡议。请你代表学生会,用英语写一封倡议书,内容包括:
(1)垃圾分类的做法;
(2)垃圾分类的益处;
(3)呼吁全体学生一起参加。
注意:
(1)词数80左右;
(2)可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:垃圾分类garbage classification;厨余垃圾leftovers;废旧电池used batteries
第二节 概要写作（20分）
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
The word “ecosystem” is short for ecological system.An ecosystem is where living creatures expand within a given area.You can say that an ecosystem is the natural environment where biological organisms such as plants,animals and humans co-exist in this world.So naturally that includes you and me.Yes,we are all members of an ecosystem!
There are different kinds of ecosystems depending on the type of surface or environment.Most are naturally made such as the ocean or lake and the desert or rainforest.Some are man-made or artificial to encourage co-habitation(共居)between living and non-living things in a monitored environment,such as a zoo or garden.
Plants make up the biggest group of biological creatures within an ecosystem,and that’s because they are the natural food producers for everyone.Plants raised in the Earth need air and collect sunlight to help them grow.When they grow,the plants and their fruits or flowers eventually become a source of food to animals,microorganisms and even humans,of course.Food is then converted to energy for the rest of us to function,and this happens in a never-ending cycle until the living creatures die and break up back in the Earth.
Ecosystems are the basis of survival for all living things.We depend on plants and animals for food.In order for us to exist,we need to grow and care about other organisms.We also need to care for the non-living things within our environment like air and water so we can continue living as a population.Since plants,animals and humans are all of various species,we all play a role in maintaining the ecosystem.
To preserve our ecosystems,we should stop using too much energy,which happens when we consume more than our share of resources.Humans should not disturb the natural habitat of plants and animals,and allow them to grow healthily for the cycle to continue.Too many people in a habitat can mean displacement:imagine being thrown out of your home because there is no more space for everyone.Worse,overpopulation can also ruin the environment and cause destruction of existing plants and animals.
参考答案
【阅读理解】
1-4BCDC
5-8DBCB
9-11BAD
12-15DBDA
【七选五】
1~5 EGFCA
【完形填空】
1-5BCCAD 6-10CBDAA 11-15BADAC 16-20BBDCA
【短文填空】
1.on　2.is growing　3.developing4.whatever　5.easily　
6.produced　7.hotter　8.an　9.that　10.studies
【应用文】
Dear fellow students,
Our school has started a programme of garbage classification.Different kinds of garbage are required to be sorted out and placed in different dustbins.Paper can be recycled,while leftovers can be collected as food for pigs or processed as fertilisers for plants.Above all,such harmful things as plastics and used batteries should not be mixed with other wastes.
The programme is of great benefit.Not only will we be able to save resources by making use of recyclable garbage,but harmful things will not pollute our environment after special treatment.
So let’s work together for a better campus!
Student Union
【概要写作】
An ecosystem is the natural environment for all biological organisms to co-exist.Ecosystems have different varieties,either naturally made ones or artificial ones.Plants,as the natural producers for everyone,are the biggest part of an ecosystem.We need to care for all the living and non-living things to survive.To achieve the purpose,we should pay attention to issues like overuse of energy,disturbance of natural habitats and overpopulation.