Unit 5 What are the shirts made of 语法精析+学法应用+典题技精炼

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 5 What are the shirts made of
语法精析
概述：英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的，英语有两种语态。主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
巧记为： 主动、主动、主去动 。例如：
Many people speak English
谓语speak 的动作是由主语many people 来执行的，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。
巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：
English is spoken by many people .
主语English 是动词speak 的承受者。
主动语态和被动语态指的是动词形式，是词法概念；而主动句和被动句则指的是句子结构，就句法概念。所谓主动句就是由主动态动词（词组）做谓语动词的句子，而被动句则是由被动态动词（词组）作谓语动词的句子。例如：
He opened the door 他开了门。 （主动句）
The door was opened .门开了。 （被动句）
被动语态的构成：被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。
一般现在时：am/is/are+taught
一般过去时：was/were +taught
一般将来时：will/shall be +taught
现在进行时：am /is /are being +taught
过去进行时：was/were being +taught
现在完成时：have/has been +taught
歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面
被动语态的用法
不直到或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：
Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。 （不直到电脑是谁偷的
强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：
The window was broken by Mike . 窗户是迈克打破的。
歌诀：谁作的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需要强调，被动语态运用到。
主动语态变被动语态的方法
把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
把谓语变成被动结构（be+过去分词）（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）
把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主语改为宾语。 例如：
All the people laughed at him .
He was laughed at by all the people .
歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟，谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。
含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后to 仍由保留。
歌诀是：情态动词变被动，情态加be 加“过分”，原来带to要保留。 例如：
The boss made the workers work overtime yesterday .
The workers were made to work overtime yesterday .
学法精点
在下面几种情况下需要使用被动语态：
当我我们不知道或者没有必要说明动作执行者是谁的时候（这时都不带由by引起的短语）
动作的承受者是谈话的中心或者需要特别强调的情况下（这时可以带由by引导的短语）
在动作执行者不言自明的情况下使用被动语态。
在为了委婉、礼貌而不愿或不便说出动作的执行者的情况下。
使用被动语态后可以更好地安排句子的情况下。
学法精炼
选择填空
( ) 1. When I got to his office . I _____ that he _____ out .
told ; had been B. was told ; was C. had told ; was D. was told ; had been
( ) 2. The vegetables didn’t taste very good . They _____ for too long .
cooked B. were cooked C. had cooked D. had been cooked
( ) 3. The anti-Japanese war _____ in 1937 and it ______ eight years.
was broken ; lasted B. broke out ; lasted
C break out ; lasted D. broke out ; was lasted
( ) 4. She was heard _____ an English song.
to sing B. sing C. sang D. to be sung
( ) 5. These boxes are very heavy ______ ,
be carried B. to carry C. carried D . be carrying
( ) 6. The police found that the house ______ and a lot of things ______ .
had been broken into ; has been stolen
has broken into ; has been stolen
had been broken into ; stolen
has broken into ; has stolen
( ) 7. Coal can _____ to produce electricity for agriculture and industry .
have used B. used C . be used D. use
( ) 8. Take it easy . There is nothing ______
to worry B. to be worried C . to be worried about D. to worry about
( ) 9. Nobody likes _______ .
laughed at B. laughing at C. being laughed at D. being laughed
( ) 10. Your new computer will soon become outdated, because technology _______ so fast.
is developed B. is being developed
C. has been developed D. will developed
语法精炼
情景交际（由两项是多余的）
Do you know that I think it is the personal computer. Because it helps people do lots of things . Maybe we can find the answers on the Internet . I don’t think so . It was invented in 1976.
A:What do you think is the most helpful invention
B: ___1__
A: Why is that
B: ___2__
A: I think so . Do you know when the personal computer was invented
B: Sure . ___3___
A: Who was it invented by
B: I’m not sure . ___4___
A: I don’t know , either . ____5___
B: Good idea . Let’s go to the computer room right away .
_________ 2. ________ 3. _________ 4. _________ 5. _________
按要求完成下列句子。
这本书出版于1981年。
This book ________ _______ in 1981.
这本书是他写的。
This book was ______ _____ him .
每天8消失睡眠必须得到保证。
Eight hours per day for sleep ______ _____ guaranteed .
They make the bikes in the factory . (变为被动语态）
The bikes ________ ______ _____ them in the factory .
You ought to take it away . (变为被动句)
It ought to be________ ______
They should do it at once . (变为被动句）
It should _______ ______at once.
Li Ming broke the window just now . (变为被动句）
The window _______ _______ _______ Li Ming just now .
典题精炼
( ) 1. -The window is dirty .
-I know. It ______ for weeks.
hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned
( ) 2. The number of deaths from disease will be reduced greatly if people ______ to eat more fruit and vegetables.
persuade B. will persuade C. be persuaded D. are persuaded
( ) 3. It won’t be long before such a thing _____ again .
will happen B. happens C. is happened D. happened
( ) 4. The room ______ 100 students or so.
can hold B. is held C. can be held D. was held
( ) 5. The boy whom you lent the bike to _____by a car.
hit B. be hit C. having been hit D. was hit
( ) 6. Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge It will _____ fresh for several days .
be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed
( ) 7. Great changes ______ in the city , and a lot of factories ______ .
have been taken place ; have been set up
have taken place ; have set up
have taken place ; were set up
were taken place ; were set up
( ) 8. -Have you moved into the house
-Not yet. The rooms ______ .
are being painted B. are planting
C are painted D. are having painted
( ) 9. -_____ the sports meet might be put off.
-Yes, it all depends on the weather .
I’ve been told B. I’ve told C . I’m told D. I told .
( ) 10. All the preparations for the task _______ and we’re ready to start .
completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed
参考答案
语法精炼
1-5 DBBAB 6-10 CCDCB
学法应用
1-5 BCGAD
1. was published 2. written by 3. must be 4. was made by 5. taken away 6. be done 7. was broken by
典题精炼
1-5 DDBAD 6-10 BBAAD
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