Unit4 Extended reading Project Assessment and Further study
基础过关练
I. 单词拼写
1. There were two ______（炸弹）explosions in the city overnight.
2. He could not，after all，stop all the ______（罪恶）in the world.
3. High levels of lead (铅) could damage the ______（智力的）development of children.
4. It is one of the great unsolved ______（奥秘）of this century.
5. There is so much ______（无知）about mental illness.
6. only the manager has the ______（职权）to sign cheques.
7. We were not ______（准许）any contact with each other.
8. The new technology was ______（应用）to farming.
9. The government has ______（宣布）a state of emergency.
10. All applicants will be considered regardless of age sex，religion or ______（国籍）.
II. 用方框内短语的适当形式填空
let sb. down; as to; take it for granted; put forward; at risk; devote oneself to ;(be) familiar to; lead to; provide …with…; not only. . . but also…
1. If you still keep silent, I will __________ that you imply agreement.
2. I’ve been away for a long time, and that name is not __________ me.
3. We work for life, while enjoying our life could help us __________ the work as well.
4. The crisis could well place the relationship __________.
5. The government was in a position to them __________ food.
6. You are welcome to __________ your views.
7. __________ can we help those who need our help we can enrich our life.
8. No one has come up with a definitive answer __________ why this should be so.
9. A lack of carefulness may __________ financial problems.
10. The company now has a large number of workers who feel badly __________.
III. 单句语法填空
1. We need to examine all the costs ______ (involve)in the project first.
2. ______ (science) management promotes production.
3. His ______ (apply) for membership of the organization was rejected.
4. He is a man of ______ (intelligent) and of firmness of will.
5. He began to feel sympathy for this slightly ______ (mystery) man.
6. I am embarrassed at my complete ______ (ignore) of history.
7. Thanks to the automobile. Americans soon had a ______ (free) of movement previously unknown.
8. With your ______ (permit), I’d like to say a few words.
9. It is their ______ (responsible) to ensure that the rules are enforced.
10. The crew are of different ______ (nation) and have no common language.
IV. 课文语法填空
When I was younger, I thought science would make good things 1 everybody. However, it represents the 2 (destruct) of people and it puts our future at risk in a sense. What is the value of science
The first value is that 3 (science) knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things. Scientific knowledge is 4 enabling power to do either good or bad-but it does not carry instructions on 5 to apply it. Such power 6 (have) obvious value. Another value is the intellectual enjoyment. Thanks to the scientific effort we have been led to imagine all 7 (sort) of things more fantastic than poets and dreamers of the past ever could. Let’s turn to a third value. The scientist has a lot of experience with 8 (ignore)and doubt and uncertainty and this experience is of great importance. Scientists take 9 for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know.
10 (know) the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought, scientists have responsibility to declare the value of this freedom.
1. ______ 2. ______ 3. ______ 4. ______ 5. ______
6. ______ 7. ______ 8. ______ 9. ______ 10. ______
参考答案：
I.
1. bomb 2. evil 3. intellectual 4. mysteries 5. Ignorance 6. authority
7. permitted 8. applied 9. declared 10. nationality
II.
1. take it for granted 2. familiar to 3. devote ourselves to 4. at risk
5. provide; with 6. put forward 7. Not only; but also 8. as to 9. lead to
10. let down
III.
1. involved 考查过去分词。句意：我们首先需要审查与这项目有关的所有费用。be involved in为固定搭配，意为涉及，与……有关”，此处作后置定语，故填 involved。
2. Scientific 考査形容词。句意：科学管理推动生产。形容词修饰名词，空处修饰名词 management，故用形容词形式。
3. application 考查名词。句意：他想要加入该组织的申请遭到了拒绝。形容词性物主代词后接名词，根据His可知，空处用名词形式；表示“申请”，用名词 application。
4. intelligence 考查名词。句意：他是个聪明而又意志坚定的人。根据空前的介词of可知，空处用名词形式。
5. mysterious 考查形容词。句意：他开始对这位有点儿神秘的男子感到同情。形容词修饰名词，空处修饰名词man，故用形容词形式。
6. Ignorance 考查名词。句意：我对历史一无所知，这让我很难堪。形容词修饰名词，根据形容词 complete可知，空处用名词形式；表示“无知”，用名词 ignorance
7. freedom 考查名词。句意：由于有了汽车，美国人很快就获得了前所未有的行动自由。冠词后接名词，根据不定冠词a可知，空处用名词单数形式。
8. permIssion 考查名词。句意：如果你允许，我想讲几句话。形容词性物主代词后接名词，根据your及语境可知，空处用名词 permission。
9. responsibility 考查名词。句意：他们有责任确保规定的执行。形容词性物主代词后接名词，根据 their可知，空处用名词形式。
10. nationalities 考查名词及其单复数。句意：船员来自不同的国家，语言不通。形容词修饰名词，根据形容词 different可知，空处用名词形式；此处表示不同的“国籍”，不止一个，应用名词的复数形式。
Ⅳ.
1. for 考查介词。句意：在我比较年轻的时候，我认为科学会给每个人带来好处。介词for表示“为，符合语境。
2. destruction 考查名词。冠词后接名词，根据定冠词the可知，空处用名词形式。destruction为不可数名词，空前有the表特指，故填 destruction。
3. scientific 考查形容词。形容词修饰名词，空处修饰名词knowledge，故用形容词形式。
4. an 考查冠词。科学知识是一种能使人行善或作恶的力量。power在此处是可数名词，空处泛指一种力量，故用不定冠词；enabling以元音音素开头，故用an。
5. how 考查疑问副词。根据语境可知，该处指“如何应用它”，故用how。
6. has 考查时态和主谓一致。该句陈述的是事实，故用一般现在时；该句主语为 Such power，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has。
7. sorts 考查名词的单复数。sort表示“种类，类别”时为可数名词，all sorts of为固定短语，意为“各种各样的”。
8. ignorance 考查名词。根据空前的介词with可知，空处用名词形式。Ignorance为不可数名词，故填 ignorance。
9. it 考查代词。take it for granted that. . 为固定句型，表示“认为……理所当然”。it为形式宾语，that从句是真正的宾语0. Knowing考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语 scientists和动词know之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。Unit4 Extended reading Project Assessment and Further study
能力提升练
I. 阅读理解
On October 23，2018. scientists came across a white octopus（章鱼）with“wings”that looked more like a ghost from outer space than the eight-legged ones we usually see.
The octopus’scientific name is grimpoteuthis However，thanks to the two ear-like fins（鳍）on the sides of its body，it is better known as a dumbo octopus，after Disney’s animated（把……制作成动画片）elephant. The sea creature also has eight legsconnected to its body by a web of skin，which are used to increase the pace when it is faced with natural enemies like sharks. dumbo octopuses can also move across the seafloor using their tentacles（触须）.
While the one caught on tape is mostly white, dumbo octopuses. like other octopuses，can change their skin color in different environments. They however，do not produce ink which is often used as a weapon by other octopuses. Instead，some dumbo octopuses have developed something sharp on their tentacles.
There are more than a dozen known species of dumbo octopuses. While most are small，measuring between 8 and 12 inches long，some can reach over 6 feet in length. Though octopuses have huge eyes，they can hardly see. However，although dumbo octopuses live in the deepest and darkest parts of the ocean where nothing can be seen，the lack of sight does not affect them. Instead，they have learned to use the suckers（吸盘）on their tentacles to feel their surroundings.
The deep-sea environment makes these octopuses difficult to spot, which is why any sighting of the unusual creatures is met with such joy. The latest one, caught on camera by Hercules, an unmanned robot. was discovered two miles underwater around the Davidson Seamount, a volcano in California.
1. what can we learn about the white octopus from the passage
A. It looks strange.
B. It has no legs.
C. It can fly out of water.
D. It is common in the sea.
2. Which of the following are dumbo octopuses good at
A. Taking on different colors.
B. Attacking enemies using ink.
C. Seeing things in the darkness with big eyes.
D. Protecting themselves with wings.
3. What is the major function of the suckers on dumbo octopuses’ tentacles
A. To keep their balance.
B. To speed up their pace.
C. To sense their surroundings.
D. To take in necessary food.
4. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. The Octopuses Studied by Scientists.
B. The Dumbo Octopus Found Around a Seamount in California.
C. The Elephant-like Dumbo Octopuses Spotted by Robots.
D. A New Species Noticed Around the Davidson Seamount.
II. 七选五
You can relax if remembering everything is not your strength. Recent research shows that being forgetful can be a strength-in fact, selective memory can even be a sign of higher intelligence
1 But looking through years of recent memory data, researchers of the University of Toronto found that selective forgetting can be just as important to our decision-making as what our minds choose to remember Making intelligent decisions does not mean you need to have all the information at hand. 2 And that means cleaning up your memory palace to spare space for the most up-to-date information on clients and situations. Our brains do this by developing new neurons（神经元）,which have the power to rewrite existing memories that are influencing our decision-making. If you want to increase the number of new neurons in your brains learning region，try exercising. 3
When we forget the names of certain clients and details about old jobs，our brains are making a choice that these things do not matter. 4 However forgetting details occasionally can be a sign of a perfectly healthy memory system. The researchers found that our brains facilitate decision-making by stopping us from focusing too much on minor past details，thus helping us remember the most important points of a conversation.
We can get criticized for being absent-minded when we forget past events in perfect detail. These findings show us that we don’t have to worry. 5
A. Too much forgetfulness can be a cause for concern.
B. This makes it harder for you to make an intelligent decision.
C. It just means you need to hold onto the most valuable information.
D. Traditional research on memory has been focusing on the advantages of remembering everything.
E. Scientists have proven that stronger and lasting memories can be achieved when a person relaxes.
F. Our brains are working smarter when they aim to remember the right stories, not every story.
G. Jogging, power walking, and swimming have been found to increase the number of neurons making important connections in our brains.
1. _______ 2. _______ 3. _______ 4. _______ 5. _______
Ⅲ. 概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要
Are you shy If you are, you are not alone. In fact, close to 50 percent of people are shy. almost 80 percent of people feel shy at some point in their lives These days, shyness is becoming more and more common. Now scientists are trying to understand shyness. They have some interesting ideas about why people are shy.
Is it possible to be born shy Many scientists say yes. They say 15 to 20 percent of babies behave These babies are a little quieter and more watchful than other babies. Interestingly, these shy babies usually have shy parents. As a result, scientists think that some shyness is genetic.
Family size might cause people to be shy as well Scientists at Harvard University studied shy children.
They found that 66 percent of them had older brothers and sisters. As a result, they became shy. At the same time children with no brothers and sisters may be shy as well. Growing up alone, they often play by themselves. They are not able to learn the same social skills as children from big families.
You may also be shy because of where you were born. When scientists studied shyness in different countries, they found surprising differences. In Japan most people said they were shy. But in Israel, only one of three people said so. What explains the difference One scientist says the Japanese and Israelis have different opinions of failure. In Japan, when people do not succeed, they feel bad about themselves. They blame(责备) themselves for their failure. In Israel the opposite is true. Israelis often blame failure on outside reasons, such as family, teachers, friends, or bad luck. In Israel, freedom of opinions and risk taking are strongly supported. This may be why Israelis worry less about failure and are less shy.
For shy people, it can be difficult to make friends, speak in class, and even get a good job. But scientists say you can get over your shyness. They suggest trying new things and practicing conversation And don’t forget--if you are shy, you are not the only one.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
I.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。科学家在加利福尼亚的座海底山附近发现了罕见的“小飞象章鱼”。文章介绍了“小飞象章鱼”的外观、生活习性等。
1. A 细节理解题。根据第一段 On October23，2018，scientists came across a white octopus（章鱼）with“wings”that looked more like a ghost from outer space than the eight-legged ones we usually see（2018年10月23日，科学家们偶然发现了只长着“翅膀”的白色章鱼，它看起来更像来自外太空的幽灵，而不像我们通常看到的那些八脚章鱼。）可知，科学家发现的白色章鱼长相奇怪。故选A。
2. A 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句 While the one caught on tape is mostly white，dumbo octopuses，like other octopusescan change their skin color in different environments. （虽然录像中的这只“小飞象章鱼”大部分是白色的，但和其他章鱼样，“小飞象章鱼”在不同的环境中可以改变它们皮肤的颜色。）可知，“小飞象章鱼”擅长呈现不同的颜色。故选A。
3. C 细节理解题。根据第四段尾句 Instead，they have learned to use the suckers（X it）on their tentacles to feel their surroundings（相反，它们已经学会了用触须上的吸盘来感受周围的环境。）可知，“小飞象章鱼”触须上的吸盘主要用于感知周围的环境。故选C。
4. B 主旨大意题。根据文章尾句 The latest one，caught on camera by Hercules，an unmanned robot，was discovered two miles underwater around the davidson seamount a volcano in California. （最新的一次是由无人操控机器人 Hercules拍摄的，它是在加利福尼亚戴维森海山附近水下两英里处被发现的，戴维森海山是一座火山。）并结合全文可知，本文主要介绍了科学家在加利福尼亚的一座海底山附近发现的罕见的“小飞象章鱼”。选项B最能概括全文主旨。
Ⅱ.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。最新研究表明，健忘可能是个优点。事实上，选择性记忆甚至可能表明智商更高。
1. D 根据空后句 But looking through years of recent memory data，researchers of the university of Toronto found that selective forgetting can be just as important to our decision making as what our minds choose to remember. （但是，通过查阅最近几年的记忆数据，多伦多大学的研究人员发现，就决策而言，选择性的遗忘同大脑选择记住什么同等重要。）可知空后句与空处是转折关系，由此可以推断，空处应该说的是“好记性的重要性”。选项D意思是“有关记忆的传统研究一直专注于牢记一切的优势。”，符合语境。
2. C 根据空前句 Making intelligent decisions does not mean you need to have all the information at hand. （理性决策并不意味着你需要手头上掌握所有信息。）以及空后句 And that means cleaning up your memory palace to spare space for the most up-to-date information on clients and situations. （并且那意味着清理你的记忆宫殿，为最新的客户和情景信息腾出空间。）可以推断，理性决策并不意味着你需要掌握所有信息，而只需关注最有价值的信息。选项C意思是“它仅仅意味着你需要留住最有价值的信息。”，符合语境。
3. G 根据空前句 If you want to increase the number of new neurons in your brain’s learning region，try exercising. （如果你想增加你的大脑学习区域的新神经元的数量，那就尝试锻炼。）可以推断，下一句应该会说如何锻炼。选项G意思是“慢跑、快走和游泳被发现可以增加大脑内部产生重要连接的神经元的数量。”，符合语境。
4. A 根据空后句 However，forgetting details occasionally can be a sign of a perfectly healthy memory system. （但是偶尔忘记枝节小事可能表明记忆系统非常健康。）可以推断，所填句和空后句之间存在转折关系。选项A意思是“严重健忘可能令人担忧。”，符合语境。
5. F 根据空前两句 We can get criticized for being absent-minded when we forget past events in perfect detail. These findings show us that we don t have to worry. （如果我们忘记了过去事情的具体信息，我们可能会受到批评，说我们心不在焉。这些研究结果表明我们没必要担心。）可知，这一段说的是遗忘并非坏事。选项F意思是“当我们的大脑力求记住该记住的内容，而不是所有内容时，它们会运作地更敏捷。”，符合语境，也点明主题。
Ⅲ.
One possible version：
Shyness is common and some reasons may account for it according to scientists. （要点1）They think shyness may come from genes，family size and the birth place. （要点2）For instance，younger children and the only child is more likely to be shy；Israelis are less shy than the Japanese because of their different attitudes towards failure. （要点3）To help peoplesuffering from shyness，scientists also give some useful suggestions. （要点4）.
