Unit1 Grammar and usage and Integrated skills
基础过关练
I. 单词拼写
1. N else in the world can a tourist find cheaper tailoring（裁缝业）than in Hong Kong.
2. Listening passively to others’ complaints could damage your （形象）and give others the impression that you agree with them.
3. The move is California’s latest step aimed at reaching renewable energy targets and reducing g gas emissions.
4. The side effects of g warming，which have seriously threatened the survival of human beings in the future，are particularly worrying.
5. You can be involved in any manner；even volunteering for an （组织）can help you be more social.
6. At the end of last year, a g explosion happened in a coal mine in Chifeng，killing at least 30 people, some of whom were local people.
7. This is the important thing you can do to keep a conversation on t .
8. This cultural relic represents the Tibetan civilization, which is the reason why it appears on this travel （小册子）.
9. “The market is （完全地）dead this morning, said one foreign exchange trader.
10. We regret to inform you that your （申请）has not been successful.
II. 用方框内短语的适当形式填空
lock up; come up with; call for; Spring to mind; take part in; be devoted to; at the entrance to; Stop…. from…; divide…into. . . ; clean up; Sign up; be willing to
1. My English teacher told me that I had been chosen ____________ the speech competition.
2. My mother ____________ our family and we all love her so much.
3. He was so convinced that Los Angeles was west of Reno that he ____________ bet me two dollars.
4. We have been asked ____________ some new.
5. Visitors should stand ____________ he cubicle and make their presence known first
6. Jack wanted ____________ for the school basketball team，hoping that one day he could become a professional basketball player.
7. Remember ____________ your bicycle when you leave it near the subway station.
8. This event ____________ everyone to stand up and take on responsibility towards a sustainable（可持续性的）future.
9. In November，experts tested a drug on people in the US and France. the drug ______ the body ______ releasing chemicals that fix memories in the brain.
10. If the government really wants ____________ the UK’s air. it has a lot more work to do.
11. Most people _______ culture _______ two forms;“high” culture and “low” culture.
12. If any other questions ____________ don’t hesitate to contact me.
III. 单句语法填空
1. More than just a calorie-counting app, Fitocracy Macros also _______ (track) the calories you take in.
2. _______ (organize) gives kids the chance to focus on a task and complete it.
3. At age 16 Lucy lived with her _______ (devote) aunt Iris in Waltham. Massachusetts.
4. However, the physical suffering did not stop him _______ (dream) of a career in science.
5. Margie assured that everyone had a good time and that everything was _______ (absolute) perfect.
6. a smiling face with tears was chosen as the most popular emoji _______ (global) in 2016, according to a report.
7. Press the enter key and the _______ (apply) form will be displayed on the screen.
8. Human Rights groups are calling _______ the release of political prisoners.
9. One evening, while discussing these risks at a local pub, we came up _______ a solution to the problem.
10. The old town has narrow streets and small houses _______ are built close to each other.
11. While _______ (play) with his children outdoors the father felt very happy.
12. You shouldn’t go to his party unless _______ (invite).
Ⅳ. 完成句子
1. 我想明天我能修好它，如果不行，你只好等到周五了。
I think I can fix it tomorrow. ______ ______, you’ll have to wait till Friday.
2. 球员中有NBA的杰出明星林书豪。
______ ______ ______ ______NBA’s outstanding star Lin Shuhao.
3. 我们没东西吃的日子一去不复返了。
______ ______the days when we had nothing to eat.
4. 毫无疑问，教育对我们的发展有着深远的影响。
There is no doubt that education ______ ______ ______ ______ our development.
5. 我以前没有去过纽约，简也没去过。
I hadn’t been to New York before and ______ ______ _______.
6. ——我喜欢第一版。
——我们也是。
——I prefer the first version
——______ ______ ______.
7. 他们的爱一天天逐步增多。
Their love ______ ______ day by day.
8. 我报名参加了攀岩课程，并在周日上了第一节课。
I ______ ______ ______ the rock climbing course and took my first lesson on Sunday
9. 出门时我突然想起了一件事。
One thing ______ ______ ______ ______ when I went out.
10. 史蒂夫住院期间通过电话了解他生意的经营情况。
Steve ______ ______ ______ his business by telephone while he was in hospital.
V. 翻译句子
1. 我想为你做这件事，但我又不知如何做。（省略句）
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
2. 他的建议使约翰高兴，却使玛丽生气。（省略句）
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
3. 杰克将在宴会上唱歌，但我知道约翰不会。（省略句）
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
4. 对不起，让你久等了。（省略句）
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
5. 虽然累了，但他们仍继续工作。（省略句）
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
6. 他停下来，好像是在期待她说话。（省略句）
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
VI. 课文语法填空
It is said 1 in the last 500 years, over 300 species of animals have gone extinct. Maybe a question springs 2 your mind what is responsible for it Recently environmental scientists have done a piece of research 3 (show) that in fact, humans have 4 greatest impact on animal populations.
In order to get delicious food from animals some people hunt and fish. Even some people hunt animals for fashion or for fun, 5 has directly influenced the worlds animal numbers.
6 the human population increasing, we take up more land to build cities, which destroys animal habitats and leaves many animals with nowhere 7 (live), or no food to eat. Due to pollution 8 (cause) by human activities, some animals population 9 (drop) greatly. As the human population continues to grow, 10 does the effect we have on animals.
1. _______ 2. _______ 3. _______ 4. _______ 5. _______
6. _______ 7. _______ 8. _______ 9. _______ 10. _______
参考答案：
I.
1. Nowhere 2. Image 3. greenhouse 4. Global 5. organization
6. gas 7. track 8. brochure 9. Absolutely 10. application
II.
1. to take part in 2 is devoted to 3 was willing to 4. to come up with
5. at the entrance to 6 to sign up 7 to lock up 8. calls for 9. stops ; from
10 to clean up 11. divide; into 12. spring to mind
III.
1. tracks 考查时态。根据语境可知这里讲述的是一般情况，需用一般现在时，故填 tracks。句意：Fitocracy Macros不仅仅是一个计算卡路里的应用程序，它还会跟踪你摄入的卡路里的情况。
2. Organization 考查名词。分析可知空格处在句中作主语，需用名词；空处表示“条理性”，organization作此义讲时不可数，且位于句首，首字母应大写，故填 Organization。句意：条理性让孩子们有机会专注于一项任务并完成它。
3. devoted 考查形容词。分析可知空格处在句中作定语修饰名词aunt，需用形容词，再根据语境可知此处表达“挚爱的”，故填 devoted。句意：16岁时，露西和深爱着她的姑姑艾丽斯起住在马萨诸塞州的沃尔瑟姆。
4. dreaming 考查动名词。固定搭配：stop sb. （from）doing sth阻止某人做某事。故填 dreaming。句意：然而，身体上的病痛并没有阻止他对科学事业的梦想。
5. absolutely 考查副词。分析可知空格处作状语修饰形容词perfect，需用副词，故填 absolutely。句意：Margie确信每个人都玩得很开心，每件事都极其完美。
6. globally 考查副词。分析可知空格处作状语，需用副词，故填 globally。句意：一份报告显示，2016年，“带泪的笑脸”的表情符号被选为全球最受欢迎的表情符号。
7. application 考查名词。固定搭配：application form申请表。故填 application。句意：按回车键，申请表格将显示在屏幕上。
8. for 考查介词。固定短语：call for要求，呼吁。故填for。句意：人权组织呼吁释放政治犯。
9. with 考查介词。固定短语：come up with提出，想出。故填with。句意：一天晚上，当我们在当地一个酒吧讨论这些风险时，我们想到了一个解决这个问题的方案。
10. which/that 考查定语从句的引导词。分析可知空格处是定语从句的引导词且在从句中作主语，先行词为物，故填which或that。句意：这个老城区有狭窄的街道和建得很近的小房子。
11. playing 考查状语从句的省略。分析可知逗号前边是状语从句的省略形式，其完整形式为 While he was playing with his children outdoors省略了 he was，故填 playing。句意：和孩子们在户外玩的时候，这位父亲感到非常高兴。
12. invited 考查状语从句的省略。分析可知 his party后边是状语从句的省略形式，其完整形式为 unless you are invited，省略了 you are，故填 invited。句意：除非受到邀请，否则你不应该去参加他的聚会。
Ⅳ.
1. If not 2. Among the players was 3. Gone are 4. has a deep effect on
5. neither had Jane 6. So do we 7. built up 8. signed up for
9. sprang to my mind 10. kept track of
V.
1. I want to do it for you, but I don’t know how to (do it for you).
2. His suggestions made John happy, but (his suggestions made) Mary angry.
3. Jack will sing at the party, but I know John won’t (sing at the party).
4. (I’m) Sorry. I’ve kept you waiting so long.
5. Though/Although (they were) tired, they still went on working.
6. He paused as if (he was) expecting her to speak.
VI.
1. that 考查连词。固定句型：It is said that. 据说是形式主语，that引导主语从句，故填that。句意：据说在过去的500年里，有300多种动物灭绝了。
2. to 考查介词。固定短语：spring to one’s mind某人突然想起。故填to。句意：也许你会想一个问题—是什么造成了这种情况？
3. showing 考查现在分词。分析可知空格处一直到句末这部分作定语修饰名词 research，动词show与名词 research之间是逻辑上的主动关系，需用现在分词，故填 showing。句意：最近环境科学家做了一项研究，该研究表明，事实上，人类对动物种群的影响最大。
4. the 考查冠词。形容词最高级前需用定冠词，故填the。句意同上。
5. which 考查定语从句的引导词。分析可知空格处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句的内容，故填 which。句意：甚至有些人猎杀动物是为了时尚或娱乐，这直接影响了世界上的动物的数量
6. with 考查介词。分析可知，此处是with的复合结构，故填With。句意：随着人口的增长，我们占据了更多的土地来建设城市，这破坏了动物的栖息地，使许多动物没有生存的地方，或没有吃的食物
7. to live 考查不定式。根据后面的 or no food to eat可知空格处应用不定式，故填 to live。句意同上。
8. caused 考查非谓语动词。空格处为非谓语动词作定语pollution与 cause之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词。故填 caused。句意：因为一些人类活动造成的污染，一些动物的数量大幅下降。
9. has dropped 考查时态和主谓一致。分析可知，空格处是句子的谓语，此处强调过去的动作对现在的影响，应用现在完成时；主语 some animals’population是单数，故填 has dropped句意同上。
10. so 考查副词。空格后采用了倒装语序，由语境可知此处表达的是肯定意思，表示“…也……”，故填so。句意：随着人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断扩大。Unit1 Grammar and usage and Integrated skills
能力提升练
I. 阅读理解
Global warming is the increase of the earths average surface temperature due to the effect of greenhouse gases，for example，carbon dioxide which traps heat that would otherwise escape from the earth. After the trees are cut down and more greenhouse gases are released，the “blanket” around the earth，called the ozone layer（臭氧层）, will get thicker. This catches more heat and makes the earth hotter. Luckily，there are many things that every citizen of the earth can do to help reduce the effects of global warming，and it’s never too late or too early for children to take action.
Children should learn what a carbon footprint is. A carbon footprint is the amount of greenhouse gases people make as they lead the daily life and go about the normal activities. In other words, the carbon footprint is a measure of the environmental impact the life has. To live an environmentally friendly life that hardly contributes to global warming, people should make the fewest carbon footprints possible.
Almost everything people do contributes global warming and is related to fossil fuel consumption. These things people do can be direct use of fossil fuels, like riding in a gasoline-powered car or, indirect contributions to greenhouse gases, such as eating fruit and vegetables that have to be shipped from faraway places to reach their tables.
If a child wants to make a contribution to reducing global warming, he should ride a bicycle to the near park, the school, his friend’s house, or anywhere else not so far instead of takin a car. or he may try to walk or jog, which is also helpful. In addition, although trains and buses often run on fossil fuels, on average, each person uses less energy and produces less pollution to take a train or a bus. Next time if children with their parents have to go around town or go to someplace too far to walk to or bike to take a bus or other public transportation instead of riding a car.
1. What is the first paragraph mainly about
A. A brief description of the carbon footprint.
B. The serious water pollution.
C. The protection of the ozone layer.
D. The causes of global warming.
2. Which of the following can describe the carbon footprint
A. Useless.
B. Expensive.
C. Helpful.
D. Attractive.
3. What can kids do if they want to help reduce global warming.
A. Go to the near park by bus.
B. Walk or cycle as much as possible.
C. Keep staying at home.
D. Go around town with parents by car.
4. What can be the suitable title for the text
A. What can people do to use less energy
B. How can kids help reduce global warming
C. How do carbon footprints measure pollution
D. Why global warming affects humans’ life
Ⅱ. 完形填空
I fell in love with Yosemite National Park the first time I saw it. When I was 13, my parents took me there for camping. On the way out, I asked them to wait while I ran up to El Capitan, a 1 rock of 3, 300 feet straight up. I touched that giant rock and knew 2 I wanted to climb it. That has been my life’s passion ever since- 3 the rocks and mountains of Yosemite. I’ve long made Yosemite my home.
About 15 years ago I started seeing a lot of 4 , like toilet paper, beer cans, and empty boxes, around the area. It was beyond me why visitors started respecting the place less and treated such a beautiful home-like place this way.
I tried 5 trash（垃圾）myself，but the job was too big. I would spend an hour or two on the job only to find trash lying all over the area again weeks later. Finally，I got so 6 it that I decided something had to change.
As a rock climbing guide，I knew 7 about organizing any big event. But in 2004，together with some climbers，I set a date for a 8 . On that day more than 300 people 9 . Over three days we collected about 6，000 pounds of trash. It was amazing how much we were able to 10 . I couldn’t believe the 11 we made-the park looked clean！
Each year volunteers come for the clean-up from everywhere. In 2007 alone，2，945 people picked up 42，330 pounds of trash and 12 132 miles of roadway.
I often hear people 13 about their surroundings If you are one of them，I would say the only way to change things is by 14 them rather than by complaining. We need to lead by 15 . You can’t blame others unless you start with yourself.
1. A. distant B. loose C. narrow D. huge
2. A. immediately B. finally C . gradually D. recentlly
3. A. imagining B. painting C. describing D. climbing
4. A. materials B. resources C. wastes D. goods
5. A. throwing away B. picking up C. breaking down D. digging out
6. A. satisfied with B. delighted at C. tired of D. used to
7. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing
8. A. party B. clean-up C. picnic D. concert
9. A. dropped out B. showed up C. looked around D. called back
10. A. demand B. receive C. achieve D. overcome
11. A. plan B. visit C. contact D. difference
12. A. crossed B. measured C. covered D. designed
13. A. complain B. talk C. argue D. quarrel
14. A. doing B. thinking about C. questioning D. watching
15. A. method B. explanation C. example D. research
Ⅲ. 语法填空
A lot of people feel overwhelmed when trying to make changes that help the planet. Conservation psychologist Janet Swim from the Pennsylvania State University says people often think their actions won’t have enough of an impact on matters. “It’s like,’ What can I do It’ s Just me. ‘ ” (1) [ ] it does matter a lot. “It’s just like voting,” (2) [ ] psychologist says. “I vote. I’m only one person. But that is an important step (3) [ ] (take ). We work together as a collective to do things. ” And there’s the multiplier effect. “Small behavior matters particularly, especially when (4) [ ] (accumulate),” Swim says. Household behavior (5) [ ] (actual) can make a substantial difference in (6) [ ] (reduce) greenhouse gas emissions, according to researchers from Michigan State University and Vanderbilt University. Most of that potential comes from adopting energy-efficient behavior. Their research lists the most practical 17 steps (7) [ ] each American can take, including carpooling, weatherizing houses and driving fuel efficient (8) [ ] (vehicle) If every American (9) [ ] (take) these steps, according to these researchers the total U. S. household emissions will be cut by 20% over ten years-an amount equal (10) [ ] the entire emission output of France.
1. ______ 2. ______ 3. ______ 4. ______ 5. ______
6. ______ 7. ______ 8. ______ 9. ______ 10. ______
参考答案：
Ⅰ.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章提出，要减缓全球变暖，就要尽可能地减少碳足迹，通过步行、骑自行车或乘坐公共交通工具，孩子们也能为减缓全球变暖做出贡献。
1. D 主旨大意题。作者在第一段一开始提出全球变暖是温室气体导致的地球表面平均温度的升高；接下来又说，如果砍伐树木，释放更多的温室气体，地球臭氧层会变厚，地球温度会升高。因此该段主要是说全球变暖的原因。故选D。
2. C 推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句 In other words，the carbon footprint is a measure of the environmental impact thelife has To live an environmentally friendly life that hardly contributes to global warming，people should make the fewest carbon footprint possible可知，碳足迹可以帮助衡量我们的生活方式是否环保。故选C。
3. B 细节理解题。根据第四段第一、二句 If a child wants to make a contribution to reducing global warming，he should ridea bicycle to the near park，the school，his friend，s house，or anywhere else not so far instead of taking a car. Or he may try to walk or jog，which is also helpful. 可知，如果孩子们想帮助减缓全球变暖，他们可以尽可能多地步行或骑自行车。故选B。
4. B 主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句 Luckily，there are many things that every citizen of the earth can do to help reduce the effects of global warming，and it’s never too late or too early for children to take action. a]How can kids help reduce global warming？（孩子们如何帮助减缓全球变暖？）适合作本文标题。故选B。
Ⅱ.
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者把约塞米蒂国家公园当作自己的家。当作者看到公园里有大量的垃圾时，开始是作者自己捡垃圾，后来作者组织大家捡垃圾。作者借此告诉我们：改变事情的方法是动手去做，而不是抱怨。
1. D 由空后的3，300feo和下文中的 that giant rock可知，这块岩石很大。distant遥远的；loose松的；narrow狭窄的；huge巨大的。
2. A 根据下文 That has been my life’s passion ever since可知，从那以后，那是作者一生的钟爱。所以 immediately用在这里表示作者立即知道自己想要攀登这块巨石，表达了作者对这块巨石以及攀岩的喜爱。immediately立即；finally最终；gradually逐渐地；recently最近。
3. D 由上文中的 climb可知，此处为原词再现，说明作者酷爱攀登约塞米蒂的岩石和山脉。
4. C 由空后的 like toilet paper，beer cans，and empty boxes可知，这些属于垃圾。
5. B 由空后的tash可知，此处是指“捡”垃圾。throw away扔掉；pick叩捡起，拾起；break down出故障；dig out挖出。
6. C 由上文中的 only to find trash lying all over the area again weeks later可知，几周后作者发现这个地方又到处都是垃圾了，因此，作者厌倦了。be satisfied with对……满意；be delighted at因……而高兴；be tired of厌倦…；be used to sth. 习惯于某事。
7. D 由上文可知，作者是一名攀岩向导，由下文中的But及语境和常识可知，此处表示作者对组织任何重大活动一无所知。something某事；anything任何事情；everything每件事；nothing没有什么。
8. B 由下一段中的 come for the clean-up可知，作者和其他登山者定下了一个清理日。clean-up清理，清扫。
9. B 由语境可知此处指“出现”。drop out退出，辍学；show up出现；look around环顾；call back回电话。
10. C 由上文 Over three days we collected about6，000 pounds of trash. 可知，三天里他们捡了大约6，000磅的垃圾。所以作者对于他们的成功感到惊讶。demand要求；receive接受；achieve成功；overcome克服。
11. D 由下文 the park looked clean可知，作者简直不敢相信他们所造成的影响
12. C 由空后的132 miles of roadway可知，cover（覆盖）符合语境，以此说明他们捡垃圾的范围之大。cross穿过；measure测量；design设计。
13. A 由下文中的 I would say the only way to change things rather than by complaining可知，此处指作者经常听到有人“抱怨”自己身处的环境。complain抱怨；talk谈话argue争论；quarrel争吵。
14. A 由语境可知此处是指“做”。do做；think about考虑；question怀疑；watch观察。
15. C 作者告诫他人，不要一直抱怨，要有所行动，且要以身作则，他自己就是这么做的。method方法；explanation解释example榜样；research研究。lead by example以身作则。
Ⅲ.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要告诉我们“勿以善小而不为”，家庭行为在减少温室气体排放方面实际上可以产生重大影响。
1. But 考查连词。根据语境可知空格处前后之间为转折关系，故填But。句意：但这确实很重要。
2. the 考查冠词。此处特指上文提到的保护心理学家 Janet Swim，故应用定冠词the。
3. to take 考查非谓语动词。分析可知空格处作定语修饰名词step，表示“一个需要采取的重要措施”，step后常用不定式作定语，故填 to take。句意：但那是一个需要采取的重要措施。
4. accumulating 考查省略。分析可知when为状语从句的省略形式，其完整形式为when（itis）accumulating。故填 accumulating。句意：小的行为尤为重要，尤其是当这种行为积聚时。
5. actually 考查副词。分析可知空格处作状语，应用副词形式，故填 actually。句意：密歇根州立大学和范德堡大学的研究人员称，家庭行为在减少温室气体排放方面实际上可以产生重大影响。
6. reducing 考查非谓语动词。介词in后应用动名词，故填reducing。句意同上。
7. that 考查定语从句的引导词。分析可知空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 steps，在从句中作宾语，且先行词前有形容词最高级修饰，关系代词应用that。句意：他们的研究列出了每个美国人都可以采取的最实用的17项措施，其中包括拼车、为房屋进行保温以及驾驶节能汽车。
8. vehicles 考查名词的数。vehicle为可数名词，前面没有冠词，需用复数形式。故填 vehicles。句意同上。
9. takes 考查动词的时态及主谓一致。分析可知空格处是从句的谓语，主句是一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时表将来，且从句的主语 every American是单数，故填 takes句意：这些研究人员称，如果每个美国人都采取这些措施美国家庭的总排放量将在10年内减少20%，相当于法国的总排放量。
10. to 考查介词。固定短语：be equal to与……相等，相当于。故填to。句意同上。
