外研版（2019） 必修第一册 Unit 2 Exploring English Grammar构词法课件33张

Unit2 Grammar
Word formation
What English word can you guess?
What English word can you guess?
strawberry
What English word can you guess?
waterfall
What English word can you guess?
fireman
What English word can you guess?
ironman
Look at the sentences and expressions
from the reading passage.
1. Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.
2. … sculpt a sculpture …
3. When we … see rain …, we can say “it's raining” …
4. WHO
Match the words in red to
the types of word formation.
pineapple = pine + apple
· abbreviating · changing the part of speech
· adding a prefix or suffix · combining two or more words
combining two or more words
sculpture = sculpt + ure
adding a suffix
rain n. → raining v.
changing the part of speech
WHO = World Health Organisation
abbreviating
Now let's explore more about
the types of word formation.
Focus on
基本用法
Compounding (合成法)
Derivation (派生法)
Conversion (转化法)
Abbreviation (缩写)
Word formation
Self-study
Learn the rule of
word formation
、finish related exercises
and try to translate
the bolded words.
Groupwork
Translate the bolded words and fulfill the blanks
G1：合成名词中：名词+名词；动词 + 名词；形容词＋名词；名词 + 动词
G2：合成名词中：V-ing + 名词；名词 + V-ing；其它
G3： 合成动词
G4：合成形容词
G5：其它合成词+前缀
G6：后缀
G7：词性转化
G8：缩略法

Compounding - combining two or more words
news + paper = newspaper
合成法：把两个或两个以上的独立且语义不同的单词合
成一个新词。
合成词的语义通常可以由组成它的单词的词义推测出来。
a. 合成名词
1. 名词 + 名词
fire + man = fireman
sun + flower = sunflower
black + board = blackboard
2. 形容词 + 名词
gentle + man = gentleman
main + land = mainland
waiting + room = waiting-room
3. V-ing + 名词
flying + fish = flying-fish 飞鱼；科鱼；文鹞鱼
reading + room = reading-room
hand + writing = handwriting
4. 名词 + V-ing
thanks + giving = thanksgiving
roller + skating = roller-skating
play + ground = playground
5. 动词 + 名词
wash + room = washroom
type + writer = typewriter 打字机
day + break = daybreak 黎明,破晓
6. 名词 + 动词
hair + cut = haircut
head + ache = headache
副词 + 动词：outbreak
动词 + 副词：breakthrough
介词 + 名词：afternoon
代词 + 名词：she-wolf
名词 + 介词 + 名词：editor-in-chief
7. 其他
b. 合成动词
baby + sit = babysit
1. 名词 + 动词
proof + read = proof-read 校对
tape + record = tape-record 用录音带录音
over + look = overlook
2. 副词 + 动词
over + come = overcome
under + go = undergo 经历；经受
c. 合成形容词
heart + felt = heartfelt 由衷的
1. 名词 + V-ed
snow + white = snow-white
2. 名词 + 形容词
English + speaking = English-speaking
3. 名词 + V-ing
deep + sea =deep-sea
4. 形容词 + 名词
good + looking =good-looking
5. 形容词 + V-ing
kind + hearted = kind-hearted
6. 形容词 + 名词 + ed
well + known = well-known
7. 副词 + V-ed
hard + working = hard-working
8. 副词 + V-ing
9. 其他
downstairs, three-hour, fast-food, part-time
d. 其他合成词
every + one = everyone
合成代词
through + out = throughout 遍及；到处
合成副词
with + in = within
合成介词
派生法：在词根上加前缀或后缀，构成新词。
前缀和后缀有一定的含义或功能，有助于推测新词的词义。
Derivation - adding a prefix or suffix
前缀
含义 / 功能
例词
dis-
不
disagree, dislike
im-, in-
不
impossible, inexpensive
inter-
在……之间；相互
international, interconnect
mis-
错误地
mislead, misunderstand
non-
不，非
non-electrical, non-smoker
pre-
在……之前
preschool, preview
re-
再，重新
retell, rewrite
un-
不
unable, unhappy
前缀
后缀
后缀
含义 / 功能
例词
-er, -or
(做某事)的人，……者
dancer, actor
-ment
表示动作、状态、结果
arrangement, development
-ship
表示技能、地位、性质、状态
leadership, friendship
-tion
表示结果
relation, reflection
-able
表示可……的，有……性质的
washable, comfortable
-ful
表示有……性质的，充满……的
useful, mouthful
-less
表示无、没有
careless, useless
-ous
表示有……特性的
dangerous, nervous
-ly
表示方式
carefully, quickly
Conversion - changing the part of speech
转化法：把一种词性转化为另一种词性，词形不变。转化后的词义可以通过原词义推断出来。
a. 动词转化为名词
(1) Let's talk about it.
(2) I think we'd better finish the talk now.
咱们谈谈这件事吧。
我想我们现在最好结束谈话。
talk v.
talk n.
b. 名词转化为动词
(1) She gave me a glass of water.
(2) You should water the flowers twice a week.
她给了我一杯水。
你应该每周给这些花浇两次水。
water n.
water v.
c. 形容词转化为名词
(1) She is wearing a black dress.
(2) The girl in black is very beautiful.
她穿着一条黑色的裙子。
那个穿黑衣服的女孩很漂亮。
black adj.
black n.
d. 形容词转化为动词
(1) Tom is a brave man.
(2) He always braves the difficulties in life.
Tom是一个勇敢的人。
他一直勇敢地面对生活中的困难。
brave adj.
brave v.
缩略法主要采取“截头”、“去尾”或者“既截头又去尾”的方法生成新词。



Abbreviation (缩略法) —by abbreviating
phone
math/maths
ad
fridge
flu
plane
telephone
airplane
Mathematics
advertisement
refrigerator
influenza
CD ( compact disk)
CCTV( China Central Television)
NBA (National Basketball Association)
UFO( unidentified flying object)
UN( United Nations)
USA( United States of America)
另外还有许多缩写词是由各个单词的首字母组成 (initialism)
Look for more examples of each type in the reading passage.
P17 1
1. combining two or more words:
hamburger, eggplant, seasick, airsick, carsick, homesick,
homework, housework
2. adding a prefix or suffix:
paint–painting, hard–hardly, soft–softly, harm–harmless /
harmful, shame–shameless / shameful, visible–invisible
3. changing the part of speech:
When we… see… snow, we can say… “it's snowing”.
4. abbreviating:
IT, US
When you open a dictionary, you often come across a lot of unfamiliar words. You might think this is a bit scary. But many of them are formed using other simpler words. This is called word formation.
Words formed by combining other words are called compounds, for example, 1_________ (a friend that you contact by writing, traditionally using a pen) and 2___________ (known by many people).
Prefixes and suffixes often have fixed meanings. If you add un- or in- to a word, the new word usually means the opposite. For example, if something isn't correct it's 3_________, and if someone isn't happy they're 4_________. Words with the suffixes -ment and -ness are often nouns. For example, if somebody has improved a lot, they have made great 5____________.
Complete the passage with the help of word formation.
P17 2
penfriend
well-known
incorrect
unhappy
improvement
Some nouns and adjectives can be used as verbs, or the other way round. When we calm somebody down, they become 6______. And we can give someone a present by 7_________ it.
And sometimes a word is made up of the first letters of several words: “World Trade Organization” can be referred to as 8_____, and 9______ is short for “as soon as possible”.
It is impossible to know the meaning of every word, but knowing about word formation can help us guess their meanings.
calm
presenting
WTO
ASAP
1. [2021年全国乙卷语法填空]
Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact (影响) travel
to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism
because it allows the traveler to become educated about the
areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural
characteristics, and often provides money for conservation
and benefits the ____________ (develop) of the local areas.
2. [2021年浙江卷语法填空]
In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of
the countries studied had higher BMIs than men and women in
rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban
and rural people in many countries had narrowed _______ (sharp).
Ⅰ. 实战高考
development
sharply
Ⅱ. 用括号内单词的适当形式填空。
1. Mary __________ (like) making friends with
people who are selfish.
2. It is __________ (possible) for us to finish the task
within a day, for it is too difficult.
3. We often get lost in a(n) __________ (familiar) city.
4. Cycling to work is good for your health. Moreover,
it is __________ (friend) to the environment.
5. Every child has the right to receive __________
(educate) and achieve success in studies.
C
dislikes
impossible
unfamiliar
friendly
education
Choose one type and come up with as many words as possible.
combining two or more words
adding a prefix or suffix
changing the part of speech
abbreviating
like
Group A
unlike, dislike, likely,
likelihood
Group B
unlike, dislike, likeness, likely,
liking, unlikely
P17 3
Word formation
Compounding (合成法)
Derivation (派生法)
Conversion (转化法)
Abbreviation (缩写)
See You