人教版（2019）选择性必修二Unit 1 Science and scientists-Section Ⅰ基础+综合双向练习（有答案）
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-10-12 14:39:22 | ||
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Unit 1 Science and scientists-Section Ⅰ基础+综合双向练习
基础
【选择合适短语并用其恰当形式填空】
subscribe to；thanks to；once and for all；
link up；on the decrease；take the blame for
1．It is not a theory that is commonly ．
2．The demand for tea is each year.
3．The two families through the marriage of their daughter and son.
4．Let's get this problem right ．
5． the spread of modern technology，trained workers are now more vital than ever.
6．The company was ready to what had happened.
【单句语法填空】
1．Ade and Brooks exchanged blows yesterday and they were (severe) punished today.
2．This information confirms me in the belief that he is (blame)．
3．There are thirty (microscope) in our chemical laboratory.
4．Many companies (subscribe) generously to the football club so far.
5．They have gathered the best (statistic) they can find and run them through their own computers.
6．They made (重大的) changes to the arrangements.
7．The driver of the crashed car received (多样的) injuries.
8．We should transform our subjective world while (改变) the objective world.
9．The police have now narrowed down their list of (犯罪嫌疑人)．
10．He was not displeased at the way he had (处理) the problem.
11．According to official (统计数字)，the island had 37 people.
12．The prime minister was always demanding active (干涉) early on.
13．The evidence demonstrates how easily people can hold (相互矛盾的) beliefs.
14．Was his mother too (严厉) on him
15．The traffic accidents in the city (减少) last year.
16．The news is important that I must tell it to my friends.
17．Only a third of these (household) thought it reasonable to meter water.
18．I think he suspected us some improper purpose.
19．A cheap table can (transform) by an interesting cover.
20．You should know when (stop) asking questions.
【课文语法填空】
Cholera used to be one of the most feared 1. (disease) in the world.When young，John Snow became 2. (frustrate) because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.He desired 3. (destroy) cholera once and for all.He thought cholera was caused by an 4. (infect) from germs in food or water.Consequently，when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854，Snow began to investigate by
5. (mark) on a map the exact places where all those 6. died had lived.At last，John Snow found that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.Through Snow's tireless efforts，the threat of cholera around the world saw 7. substantial decrease.However，cholera is still a problem.Fortunately，we now know how to prevent cholera，thanks 8. the work of John Snow.Moreover，in his use of maps and statistics，Snow 9. (transform) the way scientists study diseases.For this reason，Snow 10. (consider) the father of modern epidemiology.
综合
【七选五】
No one likes to fail.Whether it's at work，at home，or in another area of your life，failure is painful and it can also be costly in terms of time，money，or both. 1 If you never suffer a failure，then you're probably not pushing yourself to your full potential.The following are some tips on how to pick yourself up after you've failed.
Remember that other people fail too. 2 They'll tell you about that great new contract they signed，not the deal that failed eventually though they worked on it for months.But failure is normal，and lots of people fail time and time again before meeting with success.
Remind yourself of your past successes.Failing doesn't mean that you're worthless，or that you'll never achieve the things you want. 3 Maybe you had high marks last term，or you lost weight，or you learned to play a musical instrument.You might want to write down a list of successes—things that you've accomplished over the past few years，whether big or small.If you ever lack confidence，you can go back and read over that list.
4 Your past successes are important，but so are your past failures.You've made mistakes before，and you've survived them.Perhaps you did badly in an exam，or lost your temper and had to apologize.It's not fun to think about the times when things went wrong，but by acknowledging your failures，you can remind yourself that today is no different.Just as you recovered in the past，you can recover from your recent failure too.
5 Whatever went wrong，you're probably facing some sort of decision.Don't rush into making hasty decision，but do look for a forward path.That might require some deep thinking.
A．Make a decision.
B．Limit the damage caused.
C．Remind yourself of your past failures.
D．However，failure is a normal part of life.
E．Get some advice and support from others.
F．Most people don't talk openly about their failures.
G．Think of all the times in the past when you've succeeded.
【阅读理解】
A
One morning，more than a hundred years ago，an American inventor called Elias Howe finally fell asleep.He had been working all night on the design of a sewing machine but he had run into a very difficult problem：It seemed impossible to get the thread to run smoothly around the needle.
Though he was tired，Howe slept badly.He turned and turned.Then he had a dream.He dreamt that he had been caught by terrible savages whose king wanted to kill him and eat him unless he could build a perfect sewing machine.When he tried to do so，Howe ran into the same problem as before.The thread kept getting caught around the needle.The king flew into the cage and ordered his soldiers to kill Howe.They came up towards him with their spears raised.But suddenly the inventor noticed something.There was a hole in the tip of each spear.The inventor awoke from the dream，realizing that he had just found the answer to the problem.Instead of trying to get the thread to run around the needle，he should make it run through a small hole in the centre of the needle.This was the simple idea that finally made Howe design and build the first really practised sewing machine.
Elias Howe was not the only one in finding the answer to his problem in this way.
Thomas Edison，the inventor of the electric light，said his best ideas came into him in dreams.So did the great physicist Albert Einstein.Charlotte Bronte also drew in her dreams in writing Jane Eyre.
To know the value of dreams，you have to understand what happens when you are asleep.Even then，a part of your mind is still working.This unconscious(无意识的)，but still active part understands your experiences and goes to work on the problems you have had during the day.It stores all sorts of information that you may have forgotten or never have really noticed.It is only when you fall asleep that this part of the brain can send messages to the part you use when you are awake.However，the unconscious part acts in a special way.It uses strange images which the conscious part may not understand at first.This is why dreams are sometimes called “secret messages to ourselves”．
1．The problem Howe was trying to solve was ．
A．what kind of thread to use
B．how to design a needle which would not break
C．where to put the needle
D．how to prevent the thread from getting caught around the needle
2．Thomas Edison is spoken of because ．
A．he also tried to invent a sewing machine
B．he got some of his ideas from dreams
C．he was one of Howe's best friends
D．he also had difficulty in falling asleep
3．Dreams are sometimes called “secret messages to ourselves” because ．
A．strange images are used to communicate ideas
B．images which have no meaning are used
C．we can never understand the real meaning
D．only specially trained people can understand them
B
John von Neumann was the oldest of 3 children of a banker，and his speed of learning new ideas and of solving problems stood out early.At 17，his father tried to persuade him not to become a mathematician because he may lead a poor life being a mathematician，and so von Neumann agreed to study chemistry as well.In 1926，at 23，he received a degree in chemical engineering and a Ph.D.in mathematics.From then on，mathematics provided well enough for him，and he never had to turn to chemistry.
In 1930，von Neumann visited Princeton University for a year and then became a professor there.His first book was published in 1932.In 1933，the Institute for Advanced Study was formed，and he became one of the 6 full time people(Einstein was one of the others)in the School of Mathematics.
World War Ⅱ hugely changed von Neumann's areas of interest.Until 1940 he had been a great pure(纯粹的)mathematician.During and after the war，he became one of the best mathematicians who put mathematics theories into practice.During the last part of the war he became interested in computing machines and made several fundamental contributions.After the war，von Neumann continued his work with computers，and was generally very active in government service.He received many awards，was president of the American Mathematical Society and was a member of the Atomic Energy Commission.He died in 1957 of cancer.
Von Neumann made several great contributions and any one of them would have been enough to earn him a firm place history.He will be remembered as one of the greatest minds of the 20th century.
Von Neumann really was a legend(传奇)in his own time，and there are a number of stories about him.His driving ability is a part of this legend.He reported one accident this way，“I was driving down the road.The trees on the right were passing me in an orderly fashion at 60 miles per hour.Suddenly one of them stepped in my path.”
4．Which of the following is TRUE of von Neumann
A．He had three children.
B．He died from an accident.
C．He received many awards in his life.
D．He and Einstein were classmates in Princeton University.
5．According to the text，von Neumann's father believed that ．
A．a mathematician couldn't earn a lot of money
B．a mathematician needed a good memory
C．von Neumann had the ability to learn two subjects at the same time
D．von Neumann had a gift for solving problems at a high speed
6．Von Neumann published his first book at the age of ．
A．23 B．26 C．29 D．32
7．How did World War Ⅱ affect John von Neumann
A．He realized the importance of engineering.
B．He began to research how to put mathematics into practice.
C．He left college and served at the government department.
D．He lost interest in chemistry.
参考答案：
基础
【选择合适短语并用其恰当形式填空】
subscribed to
on the decrease
linked up
once and for all
Thanks to
take the blame for
【单句语法填空】
severely
to blame
microscopes
have subscribed
statistics
substantial
multiple
transforming
suspects
handled
statistics
intervention
contradictory
severe
decreased
so
households
of
be transformed
to stop
【课文语法填空】
diseases
frustrated
to destroy
infection
marking
who
a
to
transformed
is considered
综合
【七选五】
DFGCA
【阅读理解】
A
1-3DBA
B
4-7CACB
基础
【选择合适短语并用其恰当形式填空】
subscribe to；thanks to；once and for all；
link up；on the decrease；take the blame for
1．It is not a theory that is commonly ．
2．The demand for tea is each year.
3．The two families through the marriage of their daughter and son.
4．Let's get this problem right ．
5． the spread of modern technology，trained workers are now more vital than ever.
6．The company was ready to what had happened.
【单句语法填空】
1．Ade and Brooks exchanged blows yesterday and they were (severe) punished today.
2．This information confirms me in the belief that he is (blame)．
3．There are thirty (microscope) in our chemical laboratory.
4．Many companies (subscribe) generously to the football club so far.
5．They have gathered the best (statistic) they can find and run them through their own computers.
6．They made (重大的) changes to the arrangements.
7．The driver of the crashed car received (多样的) injuries.
8．We should transform our subjective world while (改变) the objective world.
9．The police have now narrowed down their list of (犯罪嫌疑人)．
10．He was not displeased at the way he had (处理) the problem.
11．According to official (统计数字)，the island had 37 people.
12．The prime minister was always demanding active (干涉) early on.
13．The evidence demonstrates how easily people can hold (相互矛盾的) beliefs.
14．Was his mother too (严厉) on him
15．The traffic accidents in the city (减少) last year.
16．The news is important that I must tell it to my friends.
17．Only a third of these (household) thought it reasonable to meter water.
18．I think he suspected us some improper purpose.
19．A cheap table can (transform) by an interesting cover.
20．You should know when (stop) asking questions.
【课文语法填空】
Cholera used to be one of the most feared 1. (disease) in the world.When young，John Snow became 2. (frustrate) because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.He desired 3. (destroy) cholera once and for all.He thought cholera was caused by an 4. (infect) from germs in food or water.Consequently，when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854，Snow began to investigate by
5. (mark) on a map the exact places where all those 6. died had lived.At last，John Snow found that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.Through Snow's tireless efforts，the threat of cholera around the world saw 7. substantial decrease.However，cholera is still a problem.Fortunately，we now know how to prevent cholera，thanks 8. the work of John Snow.Moreover，in his use of maps and statistics，Snow 9. (transform) the way scientists study diseases.For this reason，Snow 10. (consider) the father of modern epidemiology.
综合
【七选五】
No one likes to fail.Whether it's at work，at home，or in another area of your life，failure is painful and it can also be costly in terms of time，money，or both. 1 If you never suffer a failure，then you're probably not pushing yourself to your full potential.The following are some tips on how to pick yourself up after you've failed.
Remember that other people fail too. 2 They'll tell you about that great new contract they signed，not the deal that failed eventually though they worked on it for months.But failure is normal，and lots of people fail time and time again before meeting with success.
Remind yourself of your past successes.Failing doesn't mean that you're worthless，or that you'll never achieve the things you want. 3 Maybe you had high marks last term，or you lost weight，or you learned to play a musical instrument.You might want to write down a list of successes—things that you've accomplished over the past few years，whether big or small.If you ever lack confidence，you can go back and read over that list.
4 Your past successes are important，but so are your past failures.You've made mistakes before，and you've survived them.Perhaps you did badly in an exam，or lost your temper and had to apologize.It's not fun to think about the times when things went wrong，but by acknowledging your failures，you can remind yourself that today is no different.Just as you recovered in the past，you can recover from your recent failure too.
5 Whatever went wrong，you're probably facing some sort of decision.Don't rush into making hasty decision，but do look for a forward path.That might require some deep thinking.
A．Make a decision.
B．Limit the damage caused.
C．Remind yourself of your past failures.
D．However，failure is a normal part of life.
E．Get some advice and support from others.
F．Most people don't talk openly about their failures.
G．Think of all the times in the past when you've succeeded.
【阅读理解】
A
One morning，more than a hundred years ago，an American inventor called Elias Howe finally fell asleep.He had been working all night on the design of a sewing machine but he had run into a very difficult problem：It seemed impossible to get the thread to run smoothly around the needle.
Though he was tired，Howe slept badly.He turned and turned.Then he had a dream.He dreamt that he had been caught by terrible savages whose king wanted to kill him and eat him unless he could build a perfect sewing machine.When he tried to do so，Howe ran into the same problem as before.The thread kept getting caught around the needle.The king flew into the cage and ordered his soldiers to kill Howe.They came up towards him with their spears raised.But suddenly the inventor noticed something.There was a hole in the tip of each spear.The inventor awoke from the dream，realizing that he had just found the answer to the problem.Instead of trying to get the thread to run around the needle，he should make it run through a small hole in the centre of the needle.This was the simple idea that finally made Howe design and build the first really practised sewing machine.
Elias Howe was not the only one in finding the answer to his problem in this way.
Thomas Edison，the inventor of the electric light，said his best ideas came into him in dreams.So did the great physicist Albert Einstein.Charlotte Bronte also drew in her dreams in writing Jane Eyre.
To know the value of dreams，you have to understand what happens when you are asleep.Even then，a part of your mind is still working.This unconscious(无意识的)，but still active part understands your experiences and goes to work on the problems you have had during the day.It stores all sorts of information that you may have forgotten or never have really noticed.It is only when you fall asleep that this part of the brain can send messages to the part you use when you are awake.However，the unconscious part acts in a special way.It uses strange images which the conscious part may not understand at first.This is why dreams are sometimes called “secret messages to ourselves”．
1．The problem Howe was trying to solve was ．
A．what kind of thread to use
B．how to design a needle which would not break
C．where to put the needle
D．how to prevent the thread from getting caught around the needle
2．Thomas Edison is spoken of because ．
A．he also tried to invent a sewing machine
B．he got some of his ideas from dreams
C．he was one of Howe's best friends
D．he also had difficulty in falling asleep
3．Dreams are sometimes called “secret messages to ourselves” because ．
A．strange images are used to communicate ideas
B．images which have no meaning are used
C．we can never understand the real meaning
D．only specially trained people can understand them
B
John von Neumann was the oldest of 3 children of a banker，and his speed of learning new ideas and of solving problems stood out early.At 17，his father tried to persuade him not to become a mathematician because he may lead a poor life being a mathematician，and so von Neumann agreed to study chemistry as well.In 1926，at 23，he received a degree in chemical engineering and a Ph.D.in mathematics.From then on，mathematics provided well enough for him，and he never had to turn to chemistry.
In 1930，von Neumann visited Princeton University for a year and then became a professor there.His first book was published in 1932.In 1933，the Institute for Advanced Study was formed，and he became one of the 6 full time people(Einstein was one of the others)in the School of Mathematics.
World War Ⅱ hugely changed von Neumann's areas of interest.Until 1940 he had been a great pure(纯粹的)mathematician.During and after the war，he became one of the best mathematicians who put mathematics theories into practice.During the last part of the war he became interested in computing machines and made several fundamental contributions.After the war，von Neumann continued his work with computers，and was generally very active in government service.He received many awards，was president of the American Mathematical Society and was a member of the Atomic Energy Commission.He died in 1957 of cancer.
Von Neumann made several great contributions and any one of them would have been enough to earn him a firm place history.He will be remembered as one of the greatest minds of the 20th century.
Von Neumann really was a legend(传奇)in his own time，and there are a number of stories about him.His driving ability is a part of this legend.He reported one accident this way，“I was driving down the road.The trees on the right were passing me in an orderly fashion at 60 miles per hour.Suddenly one of them stepped in my path.”
4．Which of the following is TRUE of von Neumann
A．He had three children.
B．He died from an accident.
C．He received many awards in his life.
D．He and Einstein were classmates in Princeton University.
5．According to the text，von Neumann's father believed that ．
A．a mathematician couldn't earn a lot of money
B．a mathematician needed a good memory
C．von Neumann had the ability to learn two subjects at the same time
D．von Neumann had a gift for solving problems at a high speed
6．Von Neumann published his first book at the age of ．
A．23 B．26 C．29 D．32
7．How did World War Ⅱ affect John von Neumann
A．He realized the importance of engineering.
B．He began to research how to put mathematics into practice.
C．He left college and served at the government department.
D．He lost interest in chemistry.
参考答案：
基础
【选择合适短语并用其恰当形式填空】
subscribed to
on the decrease
linked up
once and for all
Thanks to
take the blame for
【单句语法填空】
severely
to blame
microscopes
have subscribed
statistics
substantial
multiple
transforming
suspects
handled
statistics
intervention
contradictory
severe
decreased
so
households
of
be transformed
to stop
【课文语法填空】
diseases
frustrated
to destroy
infection
marking
who
a
to
transformed
is considered
综合
【七选五】
DFGCA
【阅读理解】
A
1-3DBA
B
4-7CACB