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2022年高考英语真题试卷（北京卷）
一、第一部分 知识运用 第一节(共10小题:每小题1.5分，共15分)
（2022·北京）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
One Monday morning, while the children were enjoying "free play", I stepped to the doorway of the classroom to take a break. Suddenly, I 1． a movement of the heavy wooden door. This was the very door I 2． guided the children through to ensure their safety from the bitter cold. I felt a chill (寒意) go through my body.
My legs carried me to that door, and I pushed it open. It was one of my kindergarteners who I thought was 3． that day. He had been dropped off at school late and was 4． to open the door.
He must have been waiting there for quite a while! Without a word, I rushed him to the hospital. He was treated for frostbite on his hands. He'd need time to 5． and wouldn't come for class the next day, I thought.
The next morning, one of the first to 6． was my little frostbitten boy. Not only did he run in with energy, but his 7． could be heard as loud as ever! I gave him a warm hug and told him how 8． I was to see him. His words have stayed with me all these years, "I knew you would open the door."
That cold Monday morning, he waited a long, long while for adults to 9． . To a child, every minute feels like forever. He didn't attempt to walk back home, he waited and trusted. This five-year-old taught me a powerful lesson in 10． .
1．A．caused B．spotted C．checked D．imagined
2．A．hesitantly B．randomly C．dizzily D．carefully
3．A．angry B．absent C．special D．noisy
4．A．courageous B．content C．unable D．unwilling
5．A．recover B．play C．change D．wait
6．A．settle B．gather C．arrive D．react
7．A．sneeze B．weep C．complaint D．laughter
8．A．lucky B．happy C．curious D．nervous
9．A．show up B．pull up C．hold up D．line up
10．A．gratitude B．forgiveness C．faith D．kindness
二、第一部分 知识运用 第二节(共10小题:每小题1.5分，共15分)
（2022·北京）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Helen was walking down the street late 11． the evening, her arms filled with grocery bags. Focused on balancing the bags, she didn't notice her wallet falling out of her pocket. As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. Fearful that he might have an intention 12． (harm) her, Helen started to run. Eventually, the man 13． (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet!
（2022·北京）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Why do humans prefer some smells over others One theory, increasingly 14． (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. It's easy to explain how we determine 15． smells are dangerous or not: we learn. This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally. 16． (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger.
（2022·北京）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Since people can't always eat out or cook for 17． (they), they get takeout or order delivery. More takeout and more food delivery equal more waste, especially plastic waste. That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of 18． are only good for one use. That's a big problem and it is getting even 19． (bad). The use of those plastics 20． (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won't survive if this situation continues.
三、第二部分 阅读理解 第二节(共5小题:每小题2分，共10分)
（2022·北京）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health. 21． It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases.
22． We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body. Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses. 23． This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic conditions we live in.
It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness. 24． For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style. There are different levels of exercises for different age groups and we must do them according to our own health and age.
Additionally, it is important to relax our body. We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day, It helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases. 25． This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness.
A. Fitness levels decide the quality of life.
B. Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.
C. It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.
D. For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.
E. If we keep our body fit, we can enjoy life in a better manner.
F. There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.
G. This makes our body suffer and we catch lifestyle and other diseases.
四、第三部分 书面表达 第一节 (共4小题:第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
（2022·北京）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his
own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids. He knew there
had to be a better portable drink solution and decided to innovate from
something he saw in his own home. fruit infused (浸泡)
water.
Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then
struggle for a take-along option. From observing his mum and from his desire to
give kids better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun
Bottle. "I wanted to come up with a healthy, natural way for people to
drink when on the go. A big part of my mission is to get people of all ages off
sugary drinks," Tom explains.
The bottle is made with a strainer (滤网) that allows the
great tastes and natural sugars of the various fruits and vegetables you choose
to come through the water, without any of the seeds or skins flowing through.
Tom is proud of his design and excited to be selling the
Fun Bottle on his website and in stores, but this 15-year-old is most proud of
the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide
healthy alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits
to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation (OHG).
Tom has been awarded several prizes, but this teenage
innovator remains humble. When asked what advice he'd give other
entrepreneurial youth, he says, "Prepare and have your family's support.
It is important to know from the beginning that there are a lot of highs and
lows, and there is no such thing as overnight success."
26．What did Tom witness at his own school
27．Where did Tom get the idea for the
original model for the Fun Bottle
28．Please decide which part is false in the
following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Tom is most proud of the opportunities
that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy
alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG.
29．Among Tom's qualities, which one(s) do you think will be important
for us Why (In about 40 words)
五、第三部分 书面表达 第二节(20分)
30．（2022·北京）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你打算邀请英国好友Jim 为你们班做一次关于英语写作的线上经验交流。请你用英文给他写-封电子邮件，内容包括:
1）建议交流的具体内容及其原因;
2）交流时间和其他相关事项。
注意： 1）词数100左右;
2）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
Yours,
Li Hua
答案解析部分
【答案】1．B；2．D；3．B；4．C；5．A；6．C；7．D；8．B；9．A；10．C
【知识点】记叙文；人物故事类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，一个小男孩上学去晚了，被关在了门外，小男孩推不开门，于是大冬天的在门外等了很久，直到老师不经意间发现门有动静，才注意到他被关在门外。小男孩坚定地相信老师会给他开门，这种信念让老师一直铭记于心。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
1．句意：突然，我注意到那扇沉重的木门动了一下。A. caused“引起，使发生”；B. spotted“看见，注意到”；C. checked“检查，核对”；D. imagined“想象”。根据空后“a movement of the heavy wooden door.”可知，此处表示看到门动了下，故选B。
2．句意：这正是那扇我小心翼翼地领着孩子们穿过，以确保他们不受严寒侵袭的门。A. hesitantly“迟疑地，踌躇地”；B. randomly“随机地”；C. dizzily“头晕眼花地”；D. carefully“小心地，谨慎地”。根据空后“to ensure their safety from the bitter cold.”可知，要确保孩子们不受严寒侵袭，说明是小心翼翼地领着孩子们通过，故选D。
3．句意：是我幼儿园的一个孩子，我以为他那天没来。A. angry“生气的，愤怒的”；B. absent“缺席的，不在的”；C. special“特殊的，特别的”；D. noisy“嘈杂的，聒噪的”。根据下文的“He had been dropped off at school late and was 4 to open the door.”可知，是小男孩来晚了，又开不了门，所以老师以为他没来，故选B。
4．句意：他很晚才被送到学校，打不开门。A. courageous“勇敢的”；B. content“满足的，满意的”；C. unable“无法胜任的，不会的”；D. unwilling“不愿意的”。根据上文的“the heavy wooden door.”和下文的“He must have been waiting there for quite a while!”可知，门很重，小男孩打不开，所以才在门外等了很久，此处指“打不开门”，故选C。
5．句意：他需要时间恢复，我想他第二天不会来上课了。A. recover“恢复，康复”；B. play“玩闹，戏弄”；C. change“改变”；D. wait“等待”。根据上文“He was treated for frostbite on his hands.”可知，小男孩手冻伤了，所以需要时间恢复，故选A。
6．句意：第二天早上，我那冻伤的小男孩是第一批赶到的人之一。A. settle“解决，定居”；B. gather“聚集，召集”；C. arrive“到达”；D. react“反应”。根据下文“Not only did he run in with energy,”可知，小男孩精力充沛地跑了进来，说明是来了学校，此处指第一批到达学校的人，故选C。
7．句意：他不仅精力充沛地跑了进来，而且他的笑声还像以前一样响亮！A. sneeze“打喷嚏”；B. weep“哭泣”；C. complaint“抱怨”；D. laughter“笑声”。根据空前“Not only did he run in with energy”可知，小男孩精力充沛地跑了进来，说明身体恢复好了；以及空后“could be heard as loud as ever”可知，此处应指“笑声和以前一样响亮”，故选D。
8．句意：我给了他一个温暖的拥抱，告诉他我很高兴见到他。A. lucky“幸运的”；B. happy“开心的，幸福的”；C. curious“好奇的”；D. nervous“紧张的，担忧的”。根据上文“He'd need time to 5 , and wouldn't come for class the next day, I thought.”可知，作者以为小男孩不会来学校，所以看到小男孩的时候，应该是开心的，故选B。
9．句意：在那个寒冷的周一早晨，他等了很久很久，才等到大人的出现。A. show up“露面，出现”；B. pull up“拔起，停下来”；C. hold up“举起，阻挡”；D. line up“排队”。根据上下文语义可知，小男孩在门口等了很久，才等到大人出现给他开门，故选A。
10．句意：这个五岁的孩子给我上了一堂关于信念的有力的课。A. gratitude“感激”；B. forgiveness“宽恕”；C. faith“信任，信念”；D. kindness“善良，仁慈”。根据上文“He didn't attempt to walk back home; he waited and trusted.”可知，小男孩在门口等了很久，却没有试图回家，说明小男孩有很强的的信念，此处指老师从小男孩身上学到了一些关于信念的东西，指“关于信念的课”，故选C。
【答案】11．in；12．to harm；13．caught
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了海伦在夜间独行时的一段经历。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及介词，非谓语动词，时态等知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
11．句意：深夜，海伦抱着购物袋走在街上。in the evening，固定短语，“在晚上”，故in。
12．句意：海伦担心他可能有意伤害她，便开始快跑。have an intention to do sth.固定短语，“有意向做某事”，不定式作后置定语，故填to harm。
13．句意：最终，那个男人追上了她，他只是想把她的钱包还给她！此处是谓语动词，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故填caught。
【答案】14．supported；15．whether；16．has
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人们更喜欢一些味道而不是其它的味道的一个原因，是因为人们对气味的偏好是习得的，这个理论也是越来越多地被专家支持的。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及非谓语动词，宾语从句，时态，主谓一致等知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
14．句意：被专家越来越多地支持的一个理论表明气味的偏好是习得的。根据空后的by experts可判断出该处意为“被专家们支持”，所以应用过去分词表被动。故填supported。
15．句意：解释我们怎样确定气味是不是危险的是容易的：我们学习到的。 smells are dangerous or not 是宾语从句。再结合句意及空格后句子中的or not可知，此处是whether…or not，故填whether。
16．句意：气体本来没有可识别的味道。分析句子结构可知空格处的动词作谓语，本句话是在陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时态，且主语gas在本文中指的是气体的统称，为不可数名词，所以谓语动词要用单三形式。故填has。
【答案】17．themselves；18．which；19．worse；20．has increased
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了人们在点外卖的同时，也增加了塑料产品的使用，造成了环境污染。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及代词，定语从句，形容词，时态，主谓一致，以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
17．句意：因为人们不能总是在外面吃饭或者为他们自己做饭，所以他们叫外卖或者叫外卖。空处在句中作介词for的宾语，当主语和宾语为同一物时，宾语要用反身代词。所以此处要用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。
18．句意：这包括杯子、瓶子和袋子，其中大多数（东西）只能使用一次。most of ______are only good for one use在句中为非限制性定语从句；先行词为cups, bottles, and bags，在从句中作介词of的宾语，所以此处用关系代词which。故填which。
19．句意：这是个大问题，而且越来越严重。even“甚至”常置于比较级前，所以此处用worse，故填worse。
20．句意：自从2019年，那些塑料的使用已经增加了300%。根据句中since 2019，可知此处用现在完成时。主语The use of those plastics为单数含义，助动词用has。故填has increased。
【答案】21．G；22．B；23．D；24．F；25．C
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了健康和健身之间密不可分的关系以及我们应该通过哪些健身的方式来让自己有一个健康的身体。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇健康类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
21．根据空前“Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health.”健康和健身帮助一个人过上良好和健康的生活。由于各种各样的压力，我们往往会忽视自己的健康。可知因为各种压力，我们的健康容易被忽视；以及空后“It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases.”正是我们身体的健康水平帮助我们对抗这些疾病。可知身体的健康可以让我们应对各种疾病，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲忽视健康对我们的身体及生活的影响。G. This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases.“这使我们的身体遭受痛苦，而且我们会感染其他疾病。”承接上文，引出下文，而且G项中的other diseases与空后的these diseases相互照应，符合上下文语境。故选G。
22．根据空后“We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body.”为了拥有一个健康的身体我们需要健康。同样，如果我们是健康的，我们自然会被保持健康的身体所吸引。可知健康的身体与健身是密不可分的，空处位于句首，应是本段的主旨句，B. Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.”健康和健身是相互关联的。”概括全段的主要内容，符合上下文语境。故选B。
23．根据空前“Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses.”健康是在特定时间内我们身体的状态。我们可能没有任何疾病，但身体仍然虚弱，随时会被病毒攻击。可知我们的身体虽然没有生病，但也很虚弱，随时会生病；以及空后“This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy.”这并不一定意味着我们不健康。可知生病并不一定表明我们是不健康的。空处承上启下，所以空处应该举例说明我们的身体在虚弱的情况下会生病这样一种状况，D. For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.“例如，我们可能很容易感冒。”举例说明我们的身体会在虚弱的情况下生病，承接上文，引出下文，而且空后的This指代D项的we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily这种情况，符合上下文语境。故选D。
24．根据空前“It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness.”对每个人来说，花些时间在健康和健身方面是很重要的。可知我们应该花时间去健身；以及空后“For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style.”例如，我们必须每天锻炼，不管我们的年龄和工作方式。可知我们应该每天坚持锻炼，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲的是我们应该通过哪些活动来进行锻炼，F. There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.“在我们的生活中有一些活动是每个人都应该做的。”承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选F。
25．根据空前“We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases.”我们每天至少应该有6到8个小时的睡眠。它有助于改善我们的免疫系统，保护我们抵抗疾病。可知我们应该保障充足的睡眠；以及空后“This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness.”这反过来又给了我们健康和健身的新目标。可知充足的睡眠会对我们的健康和健身目标很有好处，空处承上启下，所以空处应该继续讲充足的睡眠的好处，C. It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.”它也帮助我们保持冷静和放松我们的大脑。进一步讲了充足的睡眠对于我们的好处，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选C。
【答案】26．Tom witnessed the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids at his own school.
27．Tom got the idea from observing his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option.
28．Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG.
29．Tom donates part of the profits to the OHG.
【知识点】任务型阅读
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述15岁的汤姆看到自己学校的学生喝含糖的饮料，随后发明了一种适合所有年龄的人们可以喝的无糖的健康饮料。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和开放题两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而写出正确答案。
26．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids.”汤姆，一个15岁的发明家和企业家，在他自己的学校目睹了孩子们大量消费含糖饮料。可知，作为15岁的发明家和创业者，汤姆在学校目睹了孩子们广泛消费含糖饮料。故答案为Tom witnessed the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids at his own school.
27．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions ”汤姆看着他的妈妈制作健康的水果饮料；以及“ From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle. ”从观察他的母亲和他要给孩子们更好的饮料选择的愿望，他想出了他的原始模型的Fun Bottle。可知，汤姆在观察母亲制作水果饮料的过程中得到启发，才有了Fun Bottle的原始模型。故答案为Tom got the idea from observing his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option.
28．考查细节理解。根据第四段中“but this 15-year-old is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation (OHG).”但是这个15岁的孩子最感到自豪的是Fun Bottle带给其他人的机会。它有助于对含糖饮料提供健康的替代品。而且汤姆还捐赠了部分利润为一个名为OHG的组织。可知，汤姆把自己产品的部分利润，并非全部利润，捐给了OHG。所以错误在于“all the profits”，应修改为“part of the profits”，故答案为Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG. Tom donates part of the profits to the OHG.
29．考查开放题，根据第一段中的“Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids.”汤姆，一个15岁的发明家和企业家，在他自己的学校目睹了孩子们广泛消费含糖饮料；第二段中的“‘ wanted to come up with a healthy, natural way for people to drink when on the go. A big part of my mission is to get people of all ages off sugary drinks,' Tom explains.”“我想出一种健康、自然的方式，让人们在旅途中喝。我的一大任务就是让所有年龄段的人都不再喝含糖饮料,”汤姆解释说）可知，汤姆在看到学生喝含糖的饮料时，他想到要发明出一种适合所有年龄段都能喝的不含糖的饮料，可推知，汤姆是一个很有聪颖的，有洞察力的人。这种洞察力在我们的生活中可以帮助我们不断发现自己的不足，进而帮助我们提升自己。故答案为：I think the quality of perspicacity im is portant, because this insight can help us constantly find our own shortcomings in our lives, which in turn can help us improve ourselves.
30．【答案】略
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以 红星中学高三学生李华的身份 写-封电子邮件 。写作背景： 你打算邀请英国好友Jim 为你们班做一次关于英语写作的线上经验交流。 写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1）建议交流的具体内容及其原因；2）交流时间和其他相关事项。考生需要根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），并进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。最后连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点评】本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
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2022年高考英语真题试卷（北京卷）
一、第一部分 知识运用 第一节(共10小题:每小题1.5分，共15分)
（2022·北京）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
One Monday morning, while the children were enjoying "free play", I stepped to the doorway of the classroom to take a break. Suddenly, I 1． a movement of the heavy wooden door. This was the very door I 2． guided the children through to ensure their safety from the bitter cold. I felt a chill (寒意) go through my body.
My legs carried me to that door, and I pushed it open. It was one of my kindergarteners who I thought was 3． that day. He had been dropped off at school late and was 4． to open the door.
He must have been waiting there for quite a while! Without a word, I rushed him to the hospital. He was treated for frostbite on his hands. He'd need time to 5． and wouldn't come for class the next day, I thought.
The next morning, one of the first to 6． was my little frostbitten boy. Not only did he run in with energy, but his 7． could be heard as loud as ever! I gave him a warm hug and told him how 8． I was to see him. His words have stayed with me all these years, "I knew you would open the door."
That cold Monday morning, he waited a long, long while for adults to 9． . To a child, every minute feels like forever. He didn't attempt to walk back home, he waited and trusted. This five-year-old taught me a powerful lesson in 10． .
1．A．caused B．spotted C．checked D．imagined
2．A．hesitantly B．randomly C．dizzily D．carefully
3．A．angry B．absent C．special D．noisy
4．A．courageous B．content C．unable D．unwilling
5．A．recover B．play C．change D．wait
6．A．settle B．gather C．arrive D．react
7．A．sneeze B．weep C．complaint D．laughter
8．A．lucky B．happy C．curious D．nervous
9．A．show up B．pull up C．hold up D．line up
10．A．gratitude B．forgiveness C．faith D．kindness
【答案】1．B；2．D；3．B；4．C；5．A；6．C；7．D；8．B；9．A；10．C
【知识点】记叙文；人物故事类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，一个小男孩上学去晚了，被关在了门外，小男孩推不开门，于是大冬天的在门外等了很久，直到老师不经意间发现门有动静，才注意到他被关在门外。小男孩坚定地相信老师会给他开门，这种信念让老师一直铭记于心。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
1．句意：突然，我注意到那扇沉重的木门动了一下。A. caused“引起，使发生”；B. spotted“看见，注意到”；C. checked“检查，核对”；D. imagined“想象”。根据空后“a movement of the heavy wooden door.”可知，此处表示看到门动了下，故选B。
2．句意：这正是那扇我小心翼翼地领着孩子们穿过，以确保他们不受严寒侵袭的门。A. hesitantly“迟疑地，踌躇地”；B. randomly“随机地”；C. dizzily“头晕眼花地”；D. carefully“小心地，谨慎地”。根据空后“to ensure their safety from the bitter cold.”可知，要确保孩子们不受严寒侵袭，说明是小心翼翼地领着孩子们通过，故选D。
3．句意：是我幼儿园的一个孩子，我以为他那天没来。A. angry“生气的，愤怒的”；B. absent“缺席的，不在的”；C. special“特殊的，特别的”；D. noisy“嘈杂的，聒噪的”。根据下文的“He had been dropped off at school late and was 4 to open the door.”可知，是小男孩来晚了，又开不了门，所以老师以为他没来，故选B。
4．句意：他很晚才被送到学校，打不开门。A. courageous“勇敢的”；B. content“满足的，满意的”；C. unable“无法胜任的，不会的”；D. unwilling“不愿意的”。根据上文的“the heavy wooden door.”和下文的“He must have been waiting there for quite a while!”可知，门很重，小男孩打不开，所以才在门外等了很久，此处指“打不开门”，故选C。
5．句意：他需要时间恢复，我想他第二天不会来上课了。A. recover“恢复，康复”；B. play“玩闹，戏弄”；C. change“改变”；D. wait“等待”。根据上文“He was treated for frostbite on his hands.”可知，小男孩手冻伤了，所以需要时间恢复，故选A。
6．句意：第二天早上，我那冻伤的小男孩是第一批赶到的人之一。A. settle“解决，定居”；B. gather“聚集，召集”；C. arrive“到达”；D. react“反应”。根据下文“Not only did he run in with energy,”可知，小男孩精力充沛地跑了进来，说明是来了学校，此处指第一批到达学校的人，故选C。
7．句意：他不仅精力充沛地跑了进来，而且他的笑声还像以前一样响亮！A. sneeze“打喷嚏”；B. weep“哭泣”；C. complaint“抱怨”；D. laughter“笑声”。根据空前“Not only did he run in with energy”可知，小男孩精力充沛地跑了进来，说明身体恢复好了；以及空后“could be heard as loud as ever”可知，此处应指“笑声和以前一样响亮”，故选D。
8．句意：我给了他一个温暖的拥抱，告诉他我很高兴见到他。A. lucky“幸运的”；B. happy“开心的，幸福的”；C. curious“好奇的”；D. nervous“紧张的，担忧的”。根据上文“He'd need time to 5 , and wouldn't come for class the next day, I thought.”可知，作者以为小男孩不会来学校，所以看到小男孩的时候，应该是开心的，故选B。
9．句意：在那个寒冷的周一早晨，他等了很久很久，才等到大人的出现。A. show up“露面，出现”；B. pull up“拔起，停下来”；C. hold up“举起，阻挡”；D. line up“排队”。根据上下文语义可知，小男孩在门口等了很久，才等到大人出现给他开门，故选A。
10．句意：这个五岁的孩子给我上了一堂关于信念的有力的课。A. gratitude“感激”；B. forgiveness“宽恕”；C. faith“信任，信念”；D. kindness“善良，仁慈”。根据上文“He didn't attempt to walk back home; he waited and trusted.”可知，小男孩在门口等了很久，却没有试图回家，说明小男孩有很强的的信念，此处指老师从小男孩身上学到了一些关于信念的东西，指“关于信念的课”，故选C。
二、第一部分 知识运用 第二节(共10小题:每小题1.5分，共15分)
（2022·北京）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Helen was walking down the street late 11． the evening, her arms filled with grocery bags. Focused on balancing the bags, she didn't notice her wallet falling out of her pocket. As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. Fearful that he might have an intention 12． (harm) her, Helen started to run. Eventually, the man 13． (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet!
【答案】11．in；12．to harm；13．caught
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了海伦在夜间独行时的一段经历。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及介词，非谓语动词，时态等知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
11．句意：深夜，海伦抱着购物袋走在街上。in the evening，固定短语，“在晚上”，故in。
12．句意：海伦担心他可能有意伤害她，便开始快跑。have an intention to do sth.固定短语，“有意向做某事”，不定式作后置定语，故填to harm。
13．句意：最终，那个男人追上了她，他只是想把她的钱包还给她！此处是谓语动词，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故填caught。
（2022·北京）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Why do humans prefer some smells over others One theory, increasingly 14． (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. It's easy to explain how we determine 15． smells are dangerous or not: we learn. This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally. 16． (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger.
【答案】14．supported；15．whether；16．has
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人们更喜欢一些味道而不是其它的味道的一个原因，是因为人们对气味的偏好是习得的，这个理论也是越来越多地被专家支持的。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及非谓语动词，宾语从句，时态，主谓一致等知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
14．句意：被专家越来越多地支持的一个理论表明气味的偏好是习得的。根据空后的by experts可判断出该处意为“被专家们支持”，所以应用过去分词表被动。故填supported。
15．句意：解释我们怎样确定气味是不是危险的是容易的：我们学习到的。 smells are dangerous or not 是宾语从句。再结合句意及空格后句子中的or not可知，此处是whether…or not，故填whether。
16．句意：气体本来没有可识别的味道。分析句子结构可知空格处的动词作谓语，本句话是在陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时态，且主语gas在本文中指的是气体的统称，为不可数名词，所以谓语动词要用单三形式。故填has。
（2022·北京）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Since people can't always eat out or cook for 17． (they), they get takeout or order delivery. More takeout and more food delivery equal more waste, especially plastic waste. That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of 18． are only good for one use. That's a big problem and it is getting even 19． (bad). The use of those plastics 20． (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won't survive if this situation continues.
【答案】17．themselves；18．which；19．worse；20．has increased
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了人们在点外卖的同时，也增加了塑料产品的使用，造成了环境污染。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及代词，定语从句，形容词，时态，主谓一致，以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
17．句意：因为人们不能总是在外面吃饭或者为他们自己做饭，所以他们叫外卖或者叫外卖。空处在句中作介词for的宾语，当主语和宾语为同一物时，宾语要用反身代词。所以此处要用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。
18．句意：这包括杯子、瓶子和袋子，其中大多数（东西）只能使用一次。most of ______are only good for one use在句中为非限制性定语从句；先行词为cups, bottles, and bags，在从句中作介词of的宾语，所以此处用关系代词which。故填which。
19．句意：这是个大问题，而且越来越严重。even“甚至”常置于比较级前，所以此处用worse，故填worse。
20．句意：自从2019年，那些塑料的使用已经增加了300%。根据句中since 2019，可知此处用现在完成时。主语The use of those plastics为单数含义，助动词用has。故填has increased。
三、第二部分 阅读理解 第二节(共5小题:每小题2分，共10分)
（2022·北京）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health. 21． It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases.
22． We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body. Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses. 23． This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic conditions we live in.
It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness. 24． For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style. There are different levels of exercises for different age groups and we must do them according to our own health and age.
Additionally, it is important to relax our body. We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day, It helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases. 25． This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness.
A. Fitness levels decide the quality of life.
B. Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.
C. It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.
D. For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.
E. If we keep our body fit, we can enjoy life in a better manner.
F. There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.
G. This makes our body suffer and we catch lifestyle and other diseases.
【答案】21．G；22．B；23．D；24．F；25．C
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了健康和健身之间密不可分的关系以及我们应该通过哪些健身的方式来让自己有一个健康的身体。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇健康类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
21．根据空前“Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health.”健康和健身帮助一个人过上良好和健康的生活。由于各种各样的压力，我们往往会忽视自己的健康。可知因为各种压力，我们的健康容易被忽视；以及空后“It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases.”正是我们身体的健康水平帮助我们对抗这些疾病。可知身体的健康可以让我们应对各种疾病，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲忽视健康对我们的身体及生活的影响。G. This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases.“这使我们的身体遭受痛苦，而且我们会感染其他疾病。”承接上文，引出下文，而且G项中的other diseases与空后的these diseases相互照应，符合上下文语境。故选G。
22．根据空后“We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body.”为了拥有一个健康的身体我们需要健康。同样，如果我们是健康的，我们自然会被保持健康的身体所吸引。可知健康的身体与健身是密不可分的，空处位于句首，应是本段的主旨句，B. Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.”健康和健身是相互关联的。”概括全段的主要内容，符合上下文语境。故选B。
23．根据空前“Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses.”健康是在特定时间内我们身体的状态。我们可能没有任何疾病，但身体仍然虚弱，随时会被病毒攻击。可知我们的身体虽然没有生病，但也很虚弱，随时会生病；以及空后“This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy.”这并不一定意味着我们不健康。可知生病并不一定表明我们是不健康的。空处承上启下，所以空处应该举例说明我们的身体在虚弱的情况下会生病这样一种状况，D. For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.“例如，我们可能很容易感冒。”举例说明我们的身体会在虚弱的情况下生病，承接上文，引出下文，而且空后的This指代D项的we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily这种情况，符合上下文语境。故选D。
24．根据空前“It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness.”对每个人来说，花些时间在健康和健身方面是很重要的。可知我们应该花时间去健身；以及空后“For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style.”例如，我们必须每天锻炼，不管我们的年龄和工作方式。可知我们应该每天坚持锻炼，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲的是我们应该通过哪些活动来进行锻炼，F. There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.“在我们的生活中有一些活动是每个人都应该做的。”承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选F。
25．根据空前“We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases.”我们每天至少应该有6到8个小时的睡眠。它有助于改善我们的免疫系统，保护我们抵抗疾病。可知我们应该保障充足的睡眠；以及空后“This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness.”这反过来又给了我们健康和健身的新目标。可知充足的睡眠会对我们的健康和健身目标很有好处，空处承上启下，所以空处应该继续讲充足的睡眠的好处，C. It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.”它也帮助我们保持冷静和放松我们的大脑。进一步讲了充足的睡眠对于我们的好处，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选C。
四、第三部分 书面表达 第一节 (共4小题:第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
（2022·北京）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his
own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids. He knew there
had to be a better portable drink solution and decided to innovate from
something he saw in his own home. fruit infused (浸泡)
water.
Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then
struggle for a take-along option. From observing his mum and from his desire to
give kids better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun
Bottle. "I wanted to come up with a healthy, natural way for people to
drink when on the go. A big part of my mission is to get people of all ages off
sugary drinks," Tom explains.
The bottle is made with a strainer (滤网) that allows the
great tastes and natural sugars of the various fruits and vegetables you choose
to come through the water, without any of the seeds or skins flowing through.
Tom is proud of his design and excited to be selling the
Fun Bottle on his website and in stores, but this 15-year-old is most proud of
the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide
healthy alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits
to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation (OHG).
Tom has been awarded several prizes, but this teenage
innovator remains humble. When asked what advice he'd give other
entrepreneurial youth, he says, "Prepare and have your family's support.
It is important to know from the beginning that there are a lot of highs and
lows, and there is no such thing as overnight success."
26．What did Tom witness at his own school
27．Where did Tom get the idea for the
original model for the Fun Bottle
28．Please decide which part is false in the
following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Tom is most proud of the opportunities
that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy
alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG.
29．Among Tom's qualities, which one(s) do you think will be important
for us Why (In about 40 words)
【答案】26．Tom witnessed the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids at his own school.
27．Tom got the idea from observing his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option.
28．Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG.
29．Tom donates part of the profits to the OHG.
【知识点】任务型阅读
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述15岁的汤姆看到自己学校的学生喝含糖的饮料，随后发明了一种适合所有年龄的人们可以喝的无糖的健康饮料。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和开放题两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而写出正确答案。
26．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids.”汤姆，一个15岁的发明家和企业家，在他自己的学校目睹了孩子们大量消费含糖饮料。可知，作为15岁的发明家和创业者，汤姆在学校目睹了孩子们广泛消费含糖饮料。故答案为Tom witnessed the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids at his own school.
27．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions ”汤姆看着他的妈妈制作健康的水果饮料；以及“ From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle. ”从观察他的母亲和他要给孩子们更好的饮料选择的愿望，他想出了他的原始模型的Fun Bottle。可知，汤姆在观察母亲制作水果饮料的过程中得到启发，才有了Fun Bottle的原始模型。故答案为Tom got the idea from observing his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option.
28．考查细节理解。根据第四段中“but this 15-year-old is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation (OHG).”但是这个15岁的孩子最感到自豪的是Fun Bottle带给其他人的机会。它有助于对含糖饮料提供健康的替代品。而且汤姆还捐赠了部分利润为一个名为OHG的组织。可知，汤姆把自己产品的部分利润，并非全部利润，捐给了OHG。所以错误在于“all the profits”，应修改为“part of the profits”，故答案为Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG. Tom donates part of the profits to the OHG.
29．考查开放题，根据第一段中的“Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids.”汤姆，一个15岁的发明家和企业家，在他自己的学校目睹了孩子们广泛消费含糖饮料；第二段中的“‘ wanted to come up with a healthy, natural way for people to drink when on the go. A big part of my mission is to get people of all ages off sugary drinks,' Tom explains.”“我想出一种健康、自然的方式，让人们在旅途中喝。我的一大任务就是让所有年龄段的人都不再喝含糖饮料,”汤姆解释说）可知，汤姆在看到学生喝含糖的饮料时，他想到要发明出一种适合所有年龄段都能喝的不含糖的饮料，可推知，汤姆是一个很有聪颖的，有洞察力的人。这种洞察力在我们的生活中可以帮助我们不断发现自己的不足，进而帮助我们提升自己。故答案为：I think the quality of perspicacity im is portant, because this insight can help us constantly find our own shortcomings in our lives, which in turn can help us improve ourselves.
五、第三部分 书面表达 第二节(20分)
30．（2022·北京）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你打算邀请英国好友Jim 为你们班做一次关于英语写作的线上经验交流。请你用英文给他写-封电子邮件，内容包括:
1）建议交流的具体内容及其原因;
2）交流时间和其他相关事项。
注意： 1）词数100左右;
2）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】略
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以 红星中学高三学生李华的身份 写-封电子邮件 。写作背景： 你打算邀请英国好友Jim 为你们班做一次关于英语写作的线上经验交流。 写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1）建议交流的具体内容及其原因；2）交流时间和其他相关事项。考生需要根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），并进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。最后连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点评】本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
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