人教版（2019）必修一Unit 3 Sports and fitness同步练习（含答案）

UNIT 3 SPORTS AND FITNESS
一、阅读理解
A
A new study, a project of the researchers from the University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania, finds that a fitness tracker (健康追踪器) probably does not help with weight loss.
The trackers are designed to record your physical activity. They are usually worn around the wrist (手腕), where they record a person's heart rate. The research team looked at two groups of people. The first wore a fitness tracker and took part in health consultation with experts for best weight-loss plan. The researchers compared this group with people who only got health consultation.
The study found that those only speaking with the health experts lost nearly 6 kilograms, but those using a fitness tracker lost only 3.5 kilograms. John Jakicic, the lead researcher, questioned the use of these trackers for weight loss.
The study involved 470 people aged between 18 and 35. Some of them were overweight, while others were considered obese. Over three fourths of them were women. All were told to increase physical activity and start on a low-calorie diet. They had their weight measured once every six months. After six months, researchers divided the group into two parts: one continued with monthly consulting, while members of the other group were given a fitness tracker. Eighteen months later, both groups showed great improvements in fitness, physical activity and diet, with no big difference between groups. However, when it came to losing weight, the people who only spoke with experts lost nearly twice as much weight.
Jakicic said, "The study's findings are important because effective long-term treatments are needed to deal with America's obesity." More information is needed, he added, to learn how to best use these trackers to help adults who want to lose weight.
Both groups of people in the study were asked to _______.
A. start on a high-calorie diet B. wear a fitness tracker
C. consult experts D. record their heart rates
Why does Jakicic think the findings are important
A. Wearing fitness trackers hardly helps people lose weight.
B. Physical activity and diet have no effect on weight loss.
C. Dealing with obesity needs effective long-term treatments.
D. There are great differences in health between both groups.
What can we infer about the study mentioned in the text
A. The study went on for about two years.
B. More than 120 men took part in the study.
C. Health consulting helps lose almost 6 kilograms.
D. Wearing a fitness tracker is useful for keeping slim.
The purpose of the text is to _______.
A. describe how the researchers carried out the study
B. show regular consulting for weight control is necessary
C. persuade readers to wear fitness trackers for weight control
D. warn women are more likely to suffer from weight problems
B
Around the world more and more people are taking part in dangerous sports and activities. Of course, there have always been people who have looked for adventure—those who have climbed the highest mountains, traveled into unknown parts of the world or sailed in small boats across the greatest oceans. Now, however, there are people who look for an immediate excitement from a risky activity which may only last a few minutes or even seconds.
I would consider bungee jumping to be a good example of such an activity. You jump from a high place (perhaps a bridge or a hot-air balloon) 200 meres above the ground with an elastic (有弹性的) rope tied to your ankles. You fall at up to 150 kilometer an hour until the rope stops you from hitting the ground. It is said that about 2 million people around the world have now tried bungee jumping. Other activities which most people would say are as risky as bungee jumping include jumping from tall buildings and diving into the sea from the top of high cliffs (悬崖).
Why do people take part in such activities as these Some psychologists suggest that it is because life in modern societies has become safe and boring. Not very long ago, people's lives were constantly in danger. They had to go out and hunt for food, diseases could not easily be cured, and life was a continuous battle for survival.
Nowadays, according to many people, life offers little excitement. They live and work in safe conditions; they buy food in shops; and there are doctors and hospitals to look after them if they become ill. The answer for some of these people is to look for danger in activities such as bungee jumping.
More and more people today ______ ．
A. are coming close to death in sports
B. are climbing the highest mountains
C. are trying activities such as bungee jumping
D. are traveling into unknown parts of the world
In bungee jumping, you ______.
A. jump as high as you can
B. slide down a rope to the ground
C. tie yourself to a rope and fall to the ground
D. fall towards the ground without any protection
People take part in dangerous sports mainly because ______.
A. they have a lot of free time
B. their life is short of excitement
C. they no longer need to hunt for food
D. they can go to hospital if they are injured
The best title for the text is ______ ．
A. Dangerous Sports： What and Why
B. The Boredom of Modern Life
C. Bungee Jumping： It is really Dangerous
D. The Need for Excitement
C
If a president, a philosopher, and one of the best-selling authors of all time praised the same secret for their success, would you try to follow it too In fact, you probably do it every day. Here's what Friedrich Nietzsche wrote: "It is only ideas gained from walking that have any worth." Thomas Jefferson: "Walking is the best possible exercise. Adapt yourself to walking very far." I totally agree that this habit isn't a habit but a necessary factor of creative process.
Are you still sitting there reading this Get walking!
The movement aspect of walking is obvious key. You've probably heard the phrase—exercise your creativity, which refers to the brain as muscle. Our creative mindset(思维模式) is triggered(触发) by physical movement, which is exactly why walking-with your dog, a friend, or alone-helps creative thinking. Researchers have discovered a lot of connections between walking and producing ideas. A Stanford University study found that participants(参与者), were 81% more creative when walking as opposed to sitting.
Besides, the scenery is almost as important as the sweat. Walking can be a catalyst for gaining fresh understanding of problems. Just by going outside, you are stepping out of your familiar surroundings and your comfort zone, which is necessary if your want to open your mind to new possibilities. You can walk through a tree-filled neighborhood. You can walk through a park and observe people hanging around or birds singing. Even when you walk down a busy street, you can't help but notice the sweet smells flowing from a food cart or the child pointing to a building you hadn't even paid attention to before.
Finally, our brains work harder to process in different environments, so walking outside strengthen our ability to collect new ideas, to take in new sights, sounds and smells."Forest bathing", is a common form of relaxation and medicine in Japan. Recent studies show that being in the forest towers your stress levels. The effects are so powerful that "Forest bathing" is now a government-proved policy in Japan. But you don't have to live near a a forest to receive the psychological(心理的) benefits. Research has shown that immersion(沉浸) in nature, and the disconnection from multimedia and technology increase performance on a creative problem-solving task by a full 50%.
So instead of setting a fitness goal, why not set a creativity goal that starts with walking Engage more closely with your surroundings. Turn off your phone and give yourself the chance to hear conversations and natural sounds, to notice the way people move, the way the sun reflects in a puddle. Walk not just for exercise. Walk for wonder.
Why does the author mention what the two famous men said in Paragraph 1
A. To provide basic information. B. To show the author's attitude.
C. To introduce the topic. D. To present some reasons.
Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word "catalyst" in Paragraph 4
A. Promoter. B. Cure. C. Hope. D. Must.
What can we learn about "Forest bathing" in Japan from the passage ______
A. Taking a bath in the forest is relaxing and medically beneficial.
B. Walking in the woods is an effective way to get light-hearted.
C. The Japanese government encourages everyone to live near a forest.
D. Keeping away from multimedia and technology can greatly improve your creativity.
What does the author advise doing
A. Setting a fitness goal. B. Solving problems creatively.
C. Walking for creativity. D. Exploring new possibilities.
What does the passage mainly talk about
A. Benefits of walking in nature.
B. Secret to success of famous men.
C. Ways of building up your creativity.
D. Keys to stepping out of the comfort zone.
D
India is a country with all kinds of people, culture, food practices, etc. which are all prepared from the same products but the recipe (食谱) resulted finally is certainly named differently. However, still the Baby Food Recipes are the same throughout the country, often all follow Healthy Food Practices. Healthy food for kids can either be homemade or a product suggested by doctors.
The world speaks more about the Indian baby food, since in the old days they used to feed the kid with the homemade foods, which are highly nutritious and can improve the baby development, making it grow more robust. The food prepared at home is easily digestible by the baby, which never has bad effect on the digestive system or causes related problems. A good mother care always starts with the best food practices, which can really make the kid grow healthier and safer. A better feed can make the kid sleep calmly.
Baby foods, like the greens, fruits, eggs and meat are very good for kids. The foods have all the proteins and vitamins that are very important for the kid to grow strong. But the question is how much food can really be fed to a kid at a time. That may either matter with the culture or the physical ability of the kid. You can feed kids the products like the Nestle Cerelac, which is more easily digestible by the baby.
Today baby food will be inherited (继承) by the next coming generations, so it's always safe to advise the coming generations to stay far from the junk foods and foods that are short of nutrition. As the Indian culture and the baby food practices are great, they never ruin their traditional culture of what Indians inherited.
What does the underlined word "robust" in Para. 2 mean
A. happy B. lovely C. active D. healthy
Why are the greens, fruits, eggs and meat good for kids
A. They contain rich proteins and vitamins.
B. They may matter with the Indian culture.
C. All of them are not very difficult to digest.
D. They are all very fresh and kept very clean.
What would be the best title for the passage
A. Great Food Practices B. The Baby Food Recipes
C. Indian Traditional Culture D. Indian Healthy Baby Food
二、阅读七选五
I have collected some examples that should be an inspiration to anyone who desires to be successful. They show that if you want to succeed you should expect failure along the way. I actually believe that failure can encourage you on and make you try even harder. (1) The Truly successful things won't be beaten, they take responsibility for failure, learn from it and start all over from a stronger position.
Walt Disney—one of the greatest business leaders who created the global Disney empire of film studios, theme parks and consumer products didn't start off successful. (2) Believe it or not, Walt was fired from an early job at the Kansas City Star Newspaper because he was not creative enough! In 1922 he started his first company called Laugh-O-Gram. The Kansas based on business would produce cartoons and short advertising films. (3) Walt didn't give up, he packed up, went to Hollywood and started The Walt Disney Company.
Bill Gates-co-founder and chairman of Microsoft set up a business called Traf-O-Data. The partnership between him, Paul Allen and Paul Gilbert was based on a good idea but a flawed business model that left the company with few customers. (4) However, Bill Gates and Paul Allen took what they learned and avoided those mistakes when they created the Microsoft empire.
(5) I hope that these are inspiration and motivation for everyone who aspires to be successful in whatever way they choose. Do you agree or disagree with me
A. So, the one thing successful people never do is: Give up!
B. In 1923, the business went bankrupt.
C. He was greatly depressed.
D. Every experience of failure increases the hunger for success.
E. The company ran up losses between 1974 and 1980 before it was closed.
F. Many factors may affect your success.
G. Before the great success came a number of failures.
A. B. C. D. E. F. G.
A. B. C. D. E. F. G.
A. B. C. D. E. F. G.
A. B. C. D. E. F. G.
A. B. C. D. E. F. G.
三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共22.5分）
Scientists find that hardworking people live longer than average men and women. Career women are (22) than housewives. Evidence shows that the (23) are in poorer health than the jobholders. A study shows whenever the unemployment rate increases by 1%, the death rate (24) correspondingly(相应地) by 2%. All this comes down to one point: work is (25) to health.
Why is work good for health It is because work keeps people busy and away from loneliness. Research shows that people feel (26) , worried and lonely when they have nothing to do. Instead, the happiest are those who are (27) . Many high achievers who love their careers feel that they are the happiest when working hard. Work serves as a (28) between man and reality. Through work, people have contact with each other. Through collective( 集体的) activities, they find riendship and warmth. This is helpful to health. The loss of work (29) the loss of almost everything. It affects people spiritually and makes them liable( 可能受……影响) to (30) .
Besides, work gives one a sense of achievement. Work makes one feel his or her (31) and status in society. When a (32) finishes his writing or a doctor (33) a patient or a teacher sees his students (34) , all of them will be happy beyond (35) .
From the above we can come to the conclusion that the more you (36) , the happier and healthier you will be. Let us work hard, study well and live a happy and healthy life.
A. cleverer B. healthier C. weaker D. worse
A. rich B. injured C. jobless D. sick
A. stays B. changes C. falls D. increases
A. helpful B. equal C. harmful D. unique
A. lucky B. serious C. cheerful D. sad
A. busy B. free C. lazy D. tired
A. river B. gap C. channel D. bridge
A. means B. explains C. becomes D. reflects
A. peace B. silence C. happiness D. disease
A. development B. value C. title D. profession
A. worker B. farmer C. writer D. manager
A. manages B. controls C. cures D. chooses
A. stand B. grow C. rise D. sleep
A. belief B. description C. hope D. consideration
A. create B. recognize C. gain D. work
四、短文改错（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）
文中有10处错误，要求你在错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写上该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从11处起）不计分。
Dear Editor，
I'm writing to tell you about a food poisoning accident. Several days ago, my neighbor ate a bag of food buying from the market. After the meal, they had stomachaches and their faces turn pale. Lucky, one of their friends found the accident and immediately called an ambulance, which carried them quickly to a hospital. After several hours' treatment they finally escaped of death.
As some illegal businessmen are only interested in making profits to become rich quickly, we seldom care about the necessary safety measures or which happens to consumers. They must be have charged by law. Meanwhile, I do hope whole society can realize the important of food safety.
五、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）
假设你是学生李华，升入高中后，由于学业较重，你经常熬夜，第二天早晨上课时经常犯困，为此你很苦恼。请你给某中学生英语杂志的编辑写一封信，寻求帮助。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
4. 开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Editor,


Sincerely yours,
Li Hua
答案和解析
1~4.C、C、A、B
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段末The first wore a fitness tracker and took part in health consultation with experts for best weight-loss plan. The researchers compared this group with people who only got health consultation.可知，两队都要咨询专家。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据最后一段The study's findings are important because effective long-term treatments are needed to deal with America's obesity.可知，处理美国的肥胖问题需要长期有效的治疗。故选C。
3. 推理判断题。根据第四段They had their weight measured once every six months. After six months, researchers divided the group into two parts...Eighteen months later, both groups showed great improvements in fitness...可知实验总共进行了6+18=24个月。故选A。
4. 推理判断题。结合第四段实验结果However, when it came to losing weight, the people who only spoke with experts lost nearly twice as much weight.可知，进行健康咨询的小组减肥效果更为明显，故选B。
5~8.C、C、B、A
5. 细节理解题，根据文中的第一、二段Around the world more and more people are taking part in dangerous sports and activities和I would think bungee jumping to be a good example of such an activity可知我想蹦极这样的活动是一个很好的例子，也就是说现在越来越多人参加蹦极。故答案C。
6. 细节理解题。根据文中的第二段You jump from a high place...You fall at up to 150 kilometres an hour until the rope stops you from hitting the ground可知你从一个高高的地方往下跳，脚脖子上绑着一根有弹性的绳子，你以每小时150公里的速度往下落，直到快要撞到地面为止，故答案选C。
7. 细节理解题。根据文中的第三段Some psychologists suggest that it is because life in modern world has become safe and boring一些心理学家认为，这是因为现代世界的生活变得安全和乏味。可知是因为生活中没有那么多的刺激，故答案选B。
8. 主旨大意题。根据文中的最后一段Nowadays, to many people, life offers little excitement...The answer for some of these people is to look for danger in activities such as bungee jumping现在，对许多人来说，生活并没有什么刺激。他们在安全的条件下生活和工作；他们在商店里买食物；如果他们生病了，有医生和医院照顾他们。人们可以在蹦极等活动中寻找危险刺激。本文介绍了危险运动以及人们为什么要参与这样的运动。故选A。
9~13.C、A、B、C、A
9. 根据第一段中Here's what Friedrich Nietzsche wrote: "It is only ideas gained from walking that have any worth." Thomas Jefferson: "Walking is the best possible exercise. Adapt yourself to walking very far."（弗里德里希·尼采写道:“只有从行走中获得的思想才有价值。”托马斯·杰斐逊:“散步是最好的锻炼方式。你要适应走很远的路。”）可知作者引用两位名人的话且接下来叙述了散步的好处，显然目的是引入本文的话题walking，故选C。
10. 根据第三段Our creative mindset(思维模式) is triggered(触发) by physical movement（我们的创造性思维是由身体运动触发的）第四段Just by going outside, you are stepping out of your familiar surroundings and your comfort zone, which is necessary if you want to open your mind to new possibilities.（只要走出家门，你就走出了熟悉的环境和舒适区，如果你想敞开心扉迎接新的可能性，这是必要的。）可知，散步（走出家门）可以“触发”创造性思维，所以Breaking your routine with a walk can be a catalyst for fresh understanding of problems or projects.的意思为：用散步打破你的常规可以成为对问题或项目的新理解的催化剂。因此catalyst 的意思为“催化剂”，与选项A“Promoter催化剂”意思相同，故选A。
11. 第五段"Forest bathing", is a common form of relaxation and medicine in Japan... now a government-proved policy in Japan.（“森林浴”，在日本是一种常见的放松和医疗方式。最近的研究表明，在森林中会使你的压力水平升高。它的效果如此之强，以至于“森林沐浴”现在已经成为日本政府的一项政策。）可知，在日本，" 森林浴"是一种常见的放松方式，也是非常有效的方法。可以缓解精神压力且被政府认可。故选B。
12. 根据全文特别是最后一段中的So instead of setting a fitness goal, why not set a creativity goal that starts with walking （所以，与其设定一个健身目标，为什么不设定一个从步行开始的创造力目标呢？）可知，作者反复强调walk，且将其和创造力相关联，也就是作者倡导通过散步去思考去创造。故选C。
13本文介绍了散步有诸多的好处，外出散步可以促进创造性思维，故选A。
14~16.D、A、D
14. 词句猜测题。根据第二段第一句The world speaks more about the Indian baby food, since in the old days they used to feed the kid with the homemade foods, which are highly nutritious and can improve the baby development, making it grow more robust.可知，世界更多地谈论印度婴儿食品，因为在过去，他们用自制的食物喂养孩子，这些食物非常有营养，可以改善婴儿的发育，使其变得更加强壮。由此推知，划线词的意思是“健康的，强健的”，故选D。
15 细节理解题。根据第三段第一、二句Baby foods, like the greens, fruits, eggs and meat are very good for kids. The foods have all the proteins and vitamins that are very important for the kid to grow strong.可知，绿色蔬菜、水果、鸡蛋和肉对孩子有好处是因为它们含有丰富的蛋白质和维生素。故选A。
16 主旨大意题。根据最后一段的As the Indian culture and the baby food practices are great, they never ruin their traditional culture of what Indians inherited.可知，印度文化和婴儿食品的做法是伟大的，他们从来没有破坏从传统文化中继承的东西。再结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲的是印度的健康婴儿食品，故选D。
17~21. D、G、B、E、A
17. 根据 failure can encourage you on and make you try even harder可知，失败可以鼓励你，让你更努力，更能成功，故选D。
18. 根据前面的didn't start off successful可知，开始的时候并不成功，会遇到很多困难，所以在成功之前会遇到很多失败，故选G。
19. 根据Walt didn't give up，he packed up，went to Hollywood and started The Walt Disney Company．可知，他并没有放弃，而是进军好莱坞，可以推测，他的公司运行出现了问题，B符合语境，故选B。
20. 根据 a flawed business model that left the company with few customers．可知，一个有缺陷的商业模式让公司有很少的顾客，从而可以知道这样会给公司带来亏损，故选E。
21. 根据I hope that these are inspiration and motivation for everyone who aspires to be successful可知作者希望这些可以激励每个想获得成功的人，失败是很正常的，只有经历了失败了而依旧没有放弃的人才会成功，故选A。
22~36. B、C、D、A、D、A、D、A、D、B、C、C、B、B、D
37.【答案】Dear Editor，
I'm writing to tell you about a food poisoning accident. Several days ago, my (1)neighbor ate a bag of food (2)buying from the market. After the meal, they had stomachaches and their faces (3)turn pale. (4)Lucky, one of their friends found the accident and immediately called an ambulance, which carried them quickly to a hospital. After several hours' treatment they finally escaped (5)of death.
As some illegal businessmen are only interested in making profits to become rich quickly, (6)we seldom care about the necessary safety measures or (7)which happens to consumers. They must be (8)have charged by law. Meanwhile, I do hope (9)whole society can realize the (10)important of food safety.
1.将neighbor改为neighbors
2.将buying改为bought
3.将turn改为turned
4.将Lucky改为Luckily
5.将of改为from
6.将we改为they
7.将which改为what
8.将have去掉
9.将whole前加the
10.将important改为importance
【解析】1.由“After the meal, they had stomachaches饭后，他们胃痛起来。”得知邻居是多人，故neighbor改为neighbors。
2.食物是从市场上被买回来的，此处要用动词-ed形式表示被动意义，故将buying改为bought。
3.根据“they had stomachaches”可知，and连接的句子时态要保持一致，故将turn改为turned。
4.副词放在句首，修饰整个句子。故将Lucky改为Luckily。
5.escaped from逃出。固定短语，故将of改为from。
6.此处指代illegal businessmen非法商贩。故将we改为they。
7.What happens发生了什么，固定词组搭配。故将which改为what
8.be charged by 被指控的。固定搭配，故将have去掉。
9.whole全部的，所有的; 这里指整个社会，需要加定冠词the。
10.realize the importance of food safety明白食品安全的重要性。此处要用名词作宾语。故将important改为importance。
38.【答案】Dear Editor,
I'm Li Hua, a senior high school student. I'm writing to ask you for help.
I used to follow a set schedule for bedtime and wake-up time, but everything has changed since I entered my senior high school. I have to stay up very late in order to finish my school assignments. ①As a result, I feel so sleepy the following morning that I can't concentrate in class sometimes. I have been bothered by this problem for a long time. ②Sincerely I hope you could give me some advice.
Looking forward to your reply.
Sincerely yours,
Li Hua
【解析】略【思路点拨】
本篇书面表达属于应用文写作。内容为升入高中后，由于学业较重，你经常熬夜，第二天早晨上课时经常犯困，为此你很苦恼。请你给某中学生英语杂志的编辑写一封信，寻求帮助。用一般现在时，第一人称为主。
【亮点词汇】
①stay up熬夜
②as a result因此
【高分句型】
①As a result, I feel so sleepy the following morning that I can't concentrate in class sometimes.（so...that...引导的结果状语从句）
②Sincerely I hope you could give me some advice.（省略that的宾语从句）
【结构布局】
引言：写信目的
中间：表达自己的困惑
结尾：期待回复
【拓展词汇】
①due to因为
②as a consequence因此
【拓展句型】
①As a consequence, I cannot wait to share... with you. 因此，我迫不及得地想和你分享……
②The reason why I write this letter to you is that I need your help in desperate. 我给你写这封信地原因是我迫切需要你的帮助。
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