人教版（2019）选择性必修一 UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT同步练习（含答案）

UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT
一、阅读理解
A
John Coltrane was born in North Carolina in 1926 and raised in the small farm town of High Point. As a young boy, he spent a great deal of time listening to the music of the black Southern church. Coltrane's father sewed clothes and could also play several musical instruments for his own enjoyment. The young Coltrane grew up in such a musical environment. And he discovered jazz by listening to the recordings of such jazz greats as Count Basie and Lester Young.
When John was thirteen, he asked his mother to buy him a saxophone. People realized almost immediately that the young man could play the instrument very well. John learned by listening to the recordings of the great jazz saxophone players, Johnny Hodges and Charlie Parker.
In 1943 John and his family moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He studied music for a short time at the Granoff Studios and at the Ornstein School of Music. He served for a year in a Navy band in Hawaii. When he returned, he began playing the saxophone in several small bands.
In 1948, Coltrane joined trumpet player Dizzy Gillespie's band. Seven years later, Coltrane joined the jazz group of another trumpet player, Miles Davis. Then he began experimenting with new ways to write and perform jazz music, and explored many new ways of playing the saxophone. Some people did not like this new sound, while others said it was an expression of modern soul and represented an important change. By 1965, Coltrane became one of the most famous jazz musicians in the world. He was famous in Europe and Japan, as well as in the United States. He was always trying to produce a sound that no one had produced before. Some of the sounds he made were beautiful. Others were like loud screams. Miles Davis said Coltrane was the loudest, fastest saxophone player that ever lived.
Many people could not understand his music. But they listened anyway. Coltrane never made his music simpler to become more popular. He continued to perform and record even as he suffered from liver cancer. He died in 1967 at the age of forty in Long Island, New York.
________ play(s) the most important role in John Coltrane's love of music.
A. The musical environment in which he was brought up
B. His father's musical instruments
C. The church music he listened to
D. The recordings of jazz greats
John's success in music is largely due to his ______ ．
A. hard work B. creativity
C. family D. performing style
We can learn from the passage EXCEPT that ________.
A. John performed several musical instruments for fun when he was young
B. his mother bought him a saxophone in 1939
C. in his early twenties John joined Gillespie's band
D. John went on to perform in spite of his illness
The correct order of the following events is ________.
a. John moved to Philadelphia
b. John joined the group of Miles Davis
c. John served in a Navy band
d. John became a famous jazz musician
e. John got his first saxophone
A. d-a-e-b-c B. e-d-a-b-c C. a-d-e-c-b D. e-a-c-b-d
B
In the years ahead, AI will raise three big questions for bosses and governments. One is the effect on jobs. Although bosses publicly praise the broad benefits AI will bring very much, their main interest lies in cutting costs. One European bank asked a technology company to find a way of reducing the staff in its operations department from 50,000 to 500. This special report has shown that AI-enhanced tools can help reduce staff in departments such as customer service and human resources by a large amount. The McKinsey Global Institute finds that by 2030 up to 375m people, or 14% of the global workers in companies or countries, could have their jobs automated away. Bosses will need to decide whether they are prepared to offer and pay for retraining, and whether they will give time off for it. Many companies say they are all for workers developing new skills, but not at the employer's expense.
A second important question is how to protect privacy as AI spreads. The Internet has already made it possible to track people's digital(数字的) behaviour in extremely small detail. AI will offer even better tools for businesses to monitor consumers and workers, both online and in the physical world. Consumers are sometimes happy to go along with this if it results in personalised service. But AI probably brings privacy violations(侵犯) that are seen as shocking and morally unacceptable. In the wrong hands, useful technology could be against fair and equal treatment. Countries with a record of the careful watching of a person place, especially by the police or army and human-rights abuses are already using AI to monitor political activity. The police around the world will use AI to spot criminals, but may also look on ordinary citizens secretly, in order to discover things or find out information about them. New rules will be needed to ensure agreement on what degree of monitoring is acceptable.
The third question is about the effect of AI on competition in business. Today many firms are competing to provide AI-enhanced tools to companies. But a technology company that achieves artificial intelligence could race ahead of competitors, put others out of business and lessen competition. This is unlikely to happen in the near future, but if it did it would be of great concern.
What can we learn from the second paragraph
A. All the daily behavior of people is tracked by the Internet.
B. AI is a kind of technology against fair and equal treatment.
C. Consumers are happy to be monitored as long as there is suitable service provided.
D. AI may be applied in more ways including discovering things about ordinary people.
What does the underlined word "spot" in Paragraph 2 mean
A. Notice. B. Prevent. C. Reduce. D. Analyze.
Which of the following statements is true according to this passage
A. The staff in a European bank has been sharply reduced by AI technology.
B. AI has aroused concern about privacy as it spreads.
C. New rules for monitoring have been set.
D. Technology companies have achieved major breakthroughs in AI.
Which of the following is the best title of the passage
A. Big rise in profits
B. Possible track in digital behaviour
C. Sunny with a chance of thunderstorms
D. Promising with a concern of privacy protection
二、阅读七选五
"A question brought me to the point of ending my life when I was fifty years old. My question was the simplest one that lies in every person. It is the question without which life is impossible: Why do I live (1) Is there anything in my life that will not be destroyed by my death "
These are the words of the famous Russian writer Leo Tolstoy. Many people ask these difficult questions. And they struggle to find meaning in their life. Tolstoy spent his whole life trying to answer difficult questions like these. (2)
In the 1850s, Leo Tolstoy wrote his first stories. He wrote about his experiences in the military. He also told stories about when he was a child. (3) He was finally successful. He earned respect from many wealthy and intelligent men, who talked a lot about faith and the meaning of life. But soon he found they were proud and they made very bad moral choices.
(4) He opened a school for the children of people who worked on his land. They were very poor. He wanted to help them because he thought they were more honest than the wealthy people he knew.
Tolstoy learned many things from his workers. He respected how they worked hard to provide for their families. (5) So in 1862, Leo Tolstoy married a young woman named Sonya Behrs. The next 15 years were the best years of Tolstoy's life. It was during this time that he wrote his most famous books—War and Peace and Anna Karenina. They communicate what he thought was the answer to all his questions—humans were supposed to live a simple life and take care of their families.
A. These works were published and Tolstoy became a well-known writer.
B. How can I realize my dream if I have one
C. Why do I wish for anything, or do anything
D. He gained a lot of inspirations which had great influence on his following actions.
E. His search for answers influenced his writing.
F. So in the 1860s, Tolstoy tried a different way to find the meaning of life.
G. He began to believe that marriage and family would give his life meaning.
A. B. C. D. E. F. G.
A. B. C. D. E. F. G.
A. B. C. D. E. F. G.
A. B. C. D. E. F. G.
A. B. C. D. E. F. G.
三、完形填空
Far from a Family Christmas My Air Force room in Florida was empty and quiet-I was alone. My five roommates were gone for the holidays; I had chosen to remain behind in the camp. Being young and far from my home, I felt (14) . My room was comfortable enough, (15) I hadn't realized until then what made it so-the (16) of others walking, joking or just lying on their beds.
I was not able to sleep. I was (17) of being on my own-in fact, I preferred it at times-but tonight was poor. Tossing and turning in the darkened room gave no (18) . The last sign of daylight had disappeared, (19) my inner sadness. Besides, the glow of Christmas lights on the tall pines would only (20) me of my great misery(痛苦).
(21) , I heard weak sound of men attempting to sing. Yes, the voices grew louder and came my way. I (22) still, enjoying the sound.
In the corridor(通道, 走廊) (23) my room, voices came near enough for me to hear Christmas carols(颂歌) being offered. Suddenly, there, four airmen, identities unknown, were slightly unsteadied(摇晃) by holiday (24) . The first held a Coke bottle with a lit candle (25) its top. The others formed a dancing line behind him.
(26) I was in the room, with joyful faces in the flickering(摇曳的) light, they sang me several carols, (27) me a merry Christmas and left as fast as they had arrived.
I slept soundly soon after, burying my face in my pillow, (28) that someone had cared.
A. disappointed B. friendly C. lonely D. lost
A. also B. still C. however D. but
A. impatience B. presence C. interest D. delight
A. capable B. able C. skilled D. experienced
A. fun B. comfort C. effort D. progress
A. appealing to B. sticking to C. leading to D. adding to
A. remind B. recall C. remember D. think
A. Fortunately B. Thankfully C. Suddenly D. Clearly
A. noticed B. slept C. lied D. lay
A. opposite B. beyond C. out D. within
A. noise B. confidence C. cheer D. optimism
A. stuck in B. attached to C. tied to D. involved in
A. Recognizing B. Seeing C. Guessing D. Admitting
A. hoped B. offered C. wished D. gave
A. grateful B. satisfied C. pleased D. surprised
四、语法填空
Our nation is proud that our ancestors(祖先) made many great (1) (contribution) to the development of the world's civilizations. In ancient China, private teachers travelled from state to state explaining their philosophy. One of the most famous philosophers was (2) man named Confucius. His father died three years after he was born, (3) (leave) the family in poverty, but he received a fine education.
This Chinese man was a well-known leader in philosophy and he (4) (make) many wise phrases and theories about the law, life, and the government. Confucius is famous (5) his philosophy because he made many wise sayings in ancient China (6) helped many people learn about nature, the world, and the human behaviour. He also helped the government and the (7) (rule) by teaching them lessons on how the emperor should rule his kingdom (8) (successful). Actually, Chinese society (9) (influence) by his ideas for more than 2,000 years. And his thoughts are so popular today that many Confucius schools have been built in Western countries (10) (spread) them to people all over the world.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的一下作文。文中共有 10处语言错误，每句中最多两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写上该加的
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。
注意：
1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Lin Qiaozhi was a specialist in women's diseases. She lived in a generation that girls' education was second to boys'. It was hard work and determination which got her into medical school. What made her success later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to her patients. There is story after story of how she, tiring after a day's work, went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family who could not pay for her. She was said to have devoted her whole life to her patients and safe delivered about 50,000 babies. It seemed that she had been busy in her choosing career, traveling abroad to study as well as write books and articles. She also wrote a book intended for woman in the countryside. How great she was!
六、书面表达
请你根据下面的提示，用英语对钟南山做简单介绍。请你根据下面的提示，用英语对钟南山做简单介绍。
钟南山信息：
1.出生信息：1936年10月出生于南京；
2.教育背景：1953年就读于广东实验中学，1960年毕业于北京医学院并留校任教；
3.主要贡献：
(1)2003年抗击非典(SARS epidemic)；
(2)2020年抗击新冠疫情(COVID-19 outbreak)；
4.主要荣誉：2003年度“感动中国”十大人物之一。
答案和解析
1~4. A、B、A、D 5~8.D、A、B、C 9~13. C、E、A、F、G
14~28. C、D、B、A、B、D、A、C、D、B、C、A、B、C、A
29.【答案】【1】contributions【2】a【3】leaving【4】made【5】for
【6】that/which【7】ruler【8】successfully【9】has been influenced【10】to spread
【解析】1. 句意：我们的民族很自豪，因为我们的祖先为世界文明的发展作出了许多伟大的贡献。make contributions to为……做出贡献，固定短语。故填contributions。
2. 句意：最著名的哲学家之一是一个叫孔子的人。此处应用不定冠词表示泛指；由于man是以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
3. 句意：在他出生三年后他的父亲就去世了，使整个家庭陷入了贫困，但是他受到了良好的教育。分析句子可知，已有谓语动词died，故空处应用非谓语动词；结合语境可知，空处用动词的-ing表示顺其自然的结果。故填leaving。
4. 根据前句中的was可知，此处也应用一般过去时。故填made。
5. be famous for以……而著名，固定短语。故填for。
6. 分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是many wise sayings，指物，在从句中作主语。故填that/which。
7. 分析句子可知，设空处在句中作宾语，且空前有定冠词the，故空处要用名词；根据语境，这里指“统治者”。故填ruler。
8. 修饰动词rule要用副词；successful的副词是successfully。故填successfully。
9. 根据句中for more than 2,000 years可知，应该用现在完成时；根据by his ideas可知，应用被动语态；句子的主语Chinese society是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词也用单数。故填has been influenced。
10. 句意：他的思想在今天如此受欢迎，西方国家建立了许多孔子学校，把它们传播到世界各地的人们。分析可知，空处应用不定式作目的状语。故填to spread。
30.【答案】 Lin Qiaozhi was a specialist in women's diseases. She lived in a generation (1)that girls' education was second to boys'. It was hard work and determination (2)which got her into medical school. What made her (3)success later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to her patients. There (4)is story after story of how she, (5)tiring after a day's work, went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family who could not pay (6)for her. She was said to have devoted her whole life to her patients and (7)safe delivered about 50,000 babies. It seemed that she had been busy in her (8)choosing career, traveling abroad to study as well as (9)write books and articles. She also wrote a book intended for (10)woman in the countryside. How great she was!
1.将that改为when
2.将which改为that
3.将success改为succeed
4.将is改为was
5.将tiring改为tired
6.把for去掉
7.将safe改为safely
8.将choosing改为chosen
9.将write改为writing
10.将woman改为women
【解析】1.句意：在她生活的那个时代，女孩的受教育程度仅次于男孩。考查定语从句。此处引导定语从句，修饰先行词generation，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when。故将that改为when。
2.句意：是勤奋和决心使她进了医学院。考查强调句型。去掉It was和划线处句子完整，故此句为强调句型：it is/was …..that ，故将which改为that。
3.句意：使她后来成功的是她对病人表现出的善良和体贴。考查使役动词。make+宾语+补语，其中补语可以是形容词，名词或者动词原形，此处表示“使她成功”应用动词，故将success改为succeed 。
4.句意：一个又一个故事是关于她如何在一天的工作后疲惫不堪考查动词时态。此处是说过去发生的事情，所以用一般过去时，故将is改为was。
5.句意同上。tiring意思是“令人厌烦的，累人的”，修饰物；tired“感到厌烦的，感到累的”，修饰人，此处指林巧稚在一天的工作后很疲劳，故将tiring改为tired。
6.句意：深夜去为一个无力支付她的贫困家庭接生孩子。pay sb付给某人钱，故将for去掉。
7.句意：安全接生了大约5万名婴儿。修饰动词delivered用副词，故将safe改为副词safely。
8.句意：她似乎一直在忙着选择职业，出国留学，写书和文章。choose和名词career之间是被动关系，应该用动词的-ed形式作定语，故将choosing改为chosen。
9.句意同上。根据结构可知as well as连接travelling和write，做伴随状语，应该用动词的-ing形式，故将write改为writing。
10.句意：她还写了一本写给农村妇女的书。此处是泛指广大的农村妇女，应用复数形式，故将woman改为women。
31.【答案】Dr. Zhong Nanshan was born in October 1936 in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. He is one of the famous medical scientists in the 21st century. He studied at Guangdong Experimental High School in 1953 and graduated from Beijing Medical College in 1960 and became a teacher in the college.
In the spring of 2003, the SARS epidemic broke out in China and across the globe. Zhong Nanshan not only led but also took an active part in the battle against SARS. At that time, no one really knew much about SARS and most people had no natural defence against the disease. Dangerous as it was, Zhong Nanshan worked hard day and night treating the patients. Through the hard work for several months, Zhong Nanshan and his workmates achieved amazing results. Soon the SARS epidemic was nipped in the buds. And in 2020, he continued to help the country fight against the COVID-19 outbreak, and had made great contribution to ensuring the people's health and safety.
Zhong Nanshan was awarded one of the top ten people moving China in 2003. He has been working in the medical field for over 60 years. He is a good doctor in people's eyes and is respected by all the people in China.
【解析】这是一篇给定材料的提示性作文，属于一篇记叙文写作，题目为钟南山的简单介绍。本文所给材料比较详细，并且给出了具体要求：钟南山的出生信息、教育背景、主要贡献和主要荣誉。文中主要使用第三人称写作，时态主要为现在完成时和一般过去时等。注意适当使用衔接词汇，以使行文流畅，语意连贯。【思路点拨】
出生信息，相关表达如：Zhong Nanshan was born in October 1936 in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province.；教育背景，相关表达如：study at Guangdong Experimental High School，graduate from Beijing Medical College；主要贡献，相关表达如：the SARS epidemic，the COVID-19 outbreak，make great contribution to ensuring the people's health and safety；主要荣誉，相关表达如：one of the top ten people moving China in 2003等。
【亮点词汇】
1.nip in the buds 扼杀在萌芽状态
2.ensure the people's health and safety 确保人民健康和安全
3.make great contribution to 对……做出杰出贡献
【高分句型】
1.Dangerous as it was, Zhong Nanshan worked hard day and night treating the patients.（倒装句）
2.Zhong Nanshan not only led but also took an active part in the battle against SARS.（not only…but also句式）
【结构布局】
引言:钟南山的基本信息
中心:钟南山的教育背景、主要贡献和主要荣誉
结尾:对钟南山作出总结和评价
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