(共34张PPT)
人教新目标版 九年级全册
Unit 5 What are the shirts made of
Section A Grammar Focus-4c
Learning objectives
Knowledge objectives:
熟练掌握以下词汇和短语：boss, Germany,surface, material, traffic, postman, cap, glove.
Skill objectives:
1. 能掌握本课时出现的新词汇，通过短视频，了解主动语态和被动语态。
2. 能够掌握“被动语态”的用法和形式，以及如何把主动语态变成被动语态。
3. 通过4a和4b练习，进一步巩固知识。
Emotional objectives:
引导学生通过开展小组学习活动，培养协作意识。
Thinking quality objectives:
通过语法结构的学习，思考如何运用语法结构帮助我们提高英语的听、说、读、写的能力。
New words
boss[b s]
Germany[ d m ni]
surface[ s f s]
material[m t ri l]
traffic[ tr f k]
postman[ p stm n]
cap[k p]
glove[ɡl v]
n. 老板;上司
n. 德国
n. 表面;表层
n. 材料;原料
n. 交通;路上行驶的车辆
n. (尤指有帽舌的)帽子
n. 小手提包
n. (分手指的)手套
Read the words quickly and say their Chinese meanings to see who is fast and accurate(准确).
Warm up
Let’s enjoy a song.
I sing the song.
The song is sung by me.
You play the song.
The song is played by you.
He plays the drums.
The drums are played by him.
She sings the song.
The song is sung by her.
It sings the song.
The song is sung by it.
We sing the song.
The song is sung by us.
You play the song.
The song is played by you.
They play the drums.
The drums are played by them.
I sing the song.
The song is sung by me.
You play the song.
The song is played by you.
He plays the drums.
The drums are played by him.
She sings the song.
The song is sung by her.
It sings the song.
The song is sung by it.
We sing the song.
The song is sung by us.
You play the song.
The song is played by you.
They play the drums.
The drums are played by them.
这里的be有时态的变化，各种不同时态的被动语态变化是通过be来实现的。各种时态都有主动语态和被动语态两种形式，主动语态和被动语态可以互相转换，但主语不同。
Active Voice 主动语态
当主语是动作的执行者，则使用主动语态。
Passive Woice 被动语态
当主语为动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。
主语+be动词+过去分词+(by…)
结构：主语+be动词+过去分词+(by…)
be动词有各种时态的变化。
其否定形式为主语+be动词+not+过去分词+(by…)。
被动语态要强调动作的发出者就加上by+sth.(被某人，由某人)。
后面能接宾语的动词才有被动语态。
Grammar focus
Translate these sentences and let’s read.
你的衬衫是棉制的吗？
是的，他们是。而且它们是美国制造的。
飞机模型是由什么制成的？
它是由旧木头和玻璃制成。
茶产自中国哪里？
茶产自很多不同的地区。
茶是如何制成的？
茶树种植在山坡上。当茶叶长成后, 它们被手工采摘下来，然后送去加工。
Grammar Focus
在杭州人们种植茶叶。
在杭州人们种植茶叶。
Read the following sentences and find out the Passive Voice.
Grammar focus
Grammar Focus
被动语态
一、被动语态的构成
被动语态由_________________构成，如果要特别强调动作或行为的执行者时，句子后面需接________，译为__________。其中be动词要根据________________发生变化，be动词后的过去分词不变。
“be动词+过去分词”
“by短语”
“被/由……”
人称、数和时态
People grow tea in Hangzhou.
Tea is grown (by people) in Hangzhou.
如：在杭州人们种植茶叶。
Active Voice
Passive Voice
名称 构成 以动词write举例
一般现在时被动语态 is/am/are+过去分词 is/am/are+written
一般过去时被动语态 was/were+过去分词 was/were+written
一般将来时被动语态 will/shall be+过去分词 is/am/are going to be+过去分词 will/shall be+written
is/am/are going to be+written
过去将来时被动语态 would/should+be+过去分词 would/should+be+written
现在进行时被动语态 is/am/are+being+过去分词 is/am/are+being+written
过去进行时被动语态 was/were+being+过去分词 was/were+being+written
现在完成时被动语态 have/has been+过去分词 have/has been+written
过去完成时被动语态 had been+过去分词 had been+written
含情态动词的被动语态 情态动词+be+过去分词 情态动词+be+written
各个时态的被动语态结构：
二、一般现在时的被动语态
肯定句：主语+be(is/am/are)+过去分词+(by……).
否定句：主语+be(is/am/are)+not+过去分词+(by……).
一般疑问句：Be(is/am/are)+主语+过去分词+(by……)？
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？
如：这辆汽车是中国制造的。The car ________ in China.
这辆车不是中国制造的。The car ________ in China.
这辆车是中国制造的吗？ _____ the car _____ in China
这辆车什么时候在中国被制造的？When _____ the car _____ in China
is made
isn’t made
is made
Is made
三、一般过去时的被动语态
肯定句：主语+be(was/were)+过去分词+(by……).
否定句：主语+be(was/were)+not+过去分词+(by……).
一般疑问句：Be(was/were)+主语+过去分词+(by……)？
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？
如：这房子是1967年建的。The house ________ in 1967.
这房子不是1967年建的。The house ___________ in 1967.
房子是1967年建的吗？ ______ the house ______ in 1967
这房子是什么时候建的？When ______ the house ______？
was built
wasn't built
Was built
was built
四、主动语态变为被动语态的方法
第一步:将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语；
第二步:将主动语态的谓语改为“be+及物动词的过去分词”结构；
第三步:将主动语态的主语改为介词by的宾语，放在谓语之后(有时可省略)。
第四步:其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。
如：
People grow tea in Hangzhou.
主动语态:主语People是动作grow 的执行者。
被动语态:主语Tea是动作grow 的承受着。
主(执行者)
谓
宾(承受者)
主(承受者)
谓
Tea
is grown
(by people)
in Hangzhou.
将下列句子改为被动语态
Exercise
1. Many people speak English in the U.S.A.
2. He bought a bike last night.
3. We make these machines in Beijing.
4. They often use computers in class.
English is spoken by many people in the U.S.A.
A bike was bought by him last night.
These machines are made in Beijing.
Computers are often used in class.
1. 找宾语 --即动作的承受者
2. 判断宾语的单复数 --即be动词的单复数.
3. 判断动词的时态 --即be动词的时态.
4. 修改谓语的语态 --即原句动词改为过去分词
5. 修改原句的主语 --即by+主语/宾格.
They make shoes in that factory.
Shoes
are made
by them
宾变主,主变宾,前加by
动变被,看清be, 结构分别be+pp
in that factory.
五、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项：
有二个宾语(主语+谓语+间宾+直宾)的句子变被动语态时，只将其中一个宾语变为被动句中的主语，另一个宾语不变。注意：用直接宾语主语时，在过去分词后面，保留宾语之前要加一个适当的介词，如to, for, of等。
主动句：主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语→
被动句：原间接宾语+be+过去分词+原直接宾语+by+原主语的宾格
原直接宾语+be+过去分词+介词+原间接宾语+by+原主语的宾格
They gave the children many good books. →
(主语)
如：
(谓语)
(间宾)
(直宾)
The children
were given
many good books
(by them).
Many good books
were given
the children
to
(by them).
Exercise
1、He told her a long story.
2、Mother bought me a new coat.
We are told the truth by Jack.
3、Jack tells us the truth.
The truth is told (to) us by Jack.
She was told a long story.
A long story was told to her.
I was bought a new coat.
A new coat was bought for me.
注意：有些双宾动词在变为被动语态时，要用间接宾语作为被动句的主语，不能用直接宾语作主语。
spare节约；分出 save解救；节省；保存
answer回答 envy嫉妒；羡慕
deny否认；拒绝 refuse拒绝；谢绝
eg：I refused him the invitation. 我拒绝邀请他。→
He was refused the invitation by me. (√)(符合习惯)
The invitation was refused him by me. (×) (不符合习惯)
含有宾语补足语(主+谓+宾+宾语补足语)的句子的被动语态时，只将句中的宾语变为被动句中的主语，宾补不变，但语法功能变了，此时的补足语不再是宾语补足语，而变成了主语补足语。
如：我们让怀特先生当队长。
We made Mr. White leader of the team.
(宾补)
(主语)
(谓语)
(宾语)
Mr. White
was made
leader of the team.
（by us)
We call her a beauty.
我们叫她“美女”。
She is called a beauty (by us).
(宾补)
(宾语)
Exercise
1、I found him lying on the floor.
2、We call her Rose.
I am made happy by them.
3、They make me happy.
He was found lying on the floor.
She is called Rose.
当主动句中有感官动词(see, watch, look at, observe, listen to, hear, feel 等) 和使役动词(make, have等)，在主动语态的句子中，宾语补足语前省略to；但在变为被动语态时，主语补足语前一律加上to。但含有let的句子在变为被动语态时，to可以省略。
I heard him sing in the room just now.
如：刚才听到他在房间里唱歌。
He was heard to sing in his room just now(by me).
I saw Tom fall off the tree just now.
Tom was seen to fall off the tree just now.
刚才看到汤姆从树上掉下来。
六、被动语态的用法
（1） 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要知道谁是动作的执行者时。
如：These books are written for children.
I haven’t been told about it.
（2） 需要强调动作的承受着即宾语时。
如： Calculator can't be used in the math exam. 计算器不能用于数学考试。
The cup was broken by David.
The book is written by Mo Yan.
（3）作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态结构。
如： It is\was said\believed\reported +that … …
七、被动语态的注意事项
1). 系动词无被动语态：以主动形式表示被动之意。常见的系动词有： be动词, look, seem, appear, feel, sound, smell, taste等。
如：It smells terrible.
2).下列动词(词组)没有被动式： happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, take
如：An accident happened yesterday.
3). 不及物动词sell, wash, read, write, open, close, shut, lock, wear等，常用主动形式表示被动意义。
如：This book sells well. 这本书畅销。
The kind of cloth washes well. 这种布很容易洗。
4). 在英语口语中，有时可用“get+过去分词”构成被动语态。
如：I got dressed as quickly as l could. 我尽快穿上衣服。
这样结构比较常见的搭配有：get arrested, get caught, get dressed, get drowned, get drunk, get lost, get married等。
把下列的主动句变为被动句。
People play football all over the world.
2. The old man on TV tells a story on Sunday.
3. Students listen to the kind teacher carefully.
Football is played all over the world by people.
A story is told by the old man on TV on Sunday.
The kind teacher is listened to by students carefully.
4. Do you water your flowers every day (变为被动句)
5. Trees and flowers are planted every year to make our country more beautiful. (变为疑问句)
Are your flowers watered by you every day
Are trees and flowers planted every year to make our country more beautiful？
Exercise
4a
Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
1. Children under 18 _____________ (not allow) to watch this show without their parents.
2. We ________ (pay) by the boss on the last Friday of each month.
3. A: What language ___________ (speak) in Germany
B: Most people speak German, but many can speak English, too.
4. Most of the earth’s surface ___________ (cover) by water.
5. The classroom _________ (clean) by the students every day.
aren’t allowed
are paid
is spoken
is covered
is cleaned
4b
Rewrite the sentences using the passive voice.
1. Farmers plant the tea on the sides of mountains.
____________________________________________________________
The tea is planted on the sides of mountains by farmers.
2. This shop uses the best materials to make dresses.
___________________________________________________________
The best materials are used by this shop to make dresses.
3. Careless driving causes many traffic accidents.
___________________________________________________________
4. The postman brings letters and postcards to people’s home.
___________________________________________________________
5. Our family does not use this silver plate very often.
___________________________________________________________
Many traffic accidents are caused by careless driving.
Letters and postcards are brought to people’s home by the postman.
This silver plate isn’t used very often by our family.
n. (尤指有帽舌的) 帽子
n. (分手指的) 手套
4c
hat
mittens
[ m tnz]
Exercise
一、单项选择。
1. The girl is often _____ by the naughty boy.
A. made cry B. make to cry C. made to cry D. make crying
2. This pair of shoes_____ hand, and it _____ very comfortable.
A. is made with; is felt B. are made from; is felt
C. are made of; feels D. is made by; feels
3. — What languages _____ in that country
— German and English.
A. are speaking B. are spoken
C. speak D. is spoken
4. Many trees _____ along the streets every year. So the air is very fresh now.
A. plant B. are planted
C. planted D. were planted
C
D
B
B
5. Silver __________ a ring for money.
A. is usually made into B. is usually made of C. is usually made from
6. I like the dumplings made ________ my mother best.
A. in B. from C. by
7. It is said that two ____ and three ____ are going to visit our school next week.
A. German; Japanese B. Germany; Japan
C. Germanys; Japans D. Germans; Japanese
8. Driving after drinking wine ______ in China.
A. allows B. doesn’t allow
C. is allowed D. isn’t allowed
9. — Excuse me, haven’t you learned the new _____ law Everyone in a car must
wearthe seat belt.
— Sorry, we won’t do that again.
A. food B. traffic C. medicine D. education
10. If more trees ____, our city will be more and more beautiful.
A. plant B. planted C. are planted D. were planted
A
C
D
D
B
C
1. 他的新手机是美国制造的。
His new mobile phone ____________ America.
2. 这台电视机是由日本制造的。
The TV set ___________ Japan.
3. 这些瓶子是塑料做的。
These bottles _____________plastic.
4. 面包是小麦做的。
The bread ______________ wheat.
5. 这种沙拉是用香蕉和苹果做的。
The salad _________ bananas and apples.
is made in
is made in
are made of
is made from
is made of
二、根据汉语意思完成下列句子，每空一词。
三、句型转换。
I wash dishes every day. (改为被动语态)
______ ____ _______ ___ ____ every day.
2. Most of the farm work is done by machine in China today.(改为一般疑问句)
___ _____ ___ ___ _____ _____ ____ ___ ________ in China today
3. The jacket is made of cotton. (改为否定句)
The jacket _____ ______ ____ cotton.
4. French and English are spoken in Canada.(对画线部分提问)
______ _________ ____ _______ in Canada
5. He takes good care of the child.(改为被动语态)
____________________________________
Dishes are washed by me
Is most of the farm work done by machine
isn’t made of
What languages are spoken
The child is taken good care of by him.
Homework
1. Do the exercises in students’ book.
2. Review the grammar.
3. Preview the new words on page 37.
谢谢
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