2023届北京高中英语高考真题猜测词义练习（含答案）
文档属性
| 名称 | 2023届北京高中英语高考真题猜测词义练习（含答案） |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 47.2KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-10-13 23:31:49 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
猜测词义技巧练习
根据上下文推测各题中划线词的词义。
精炼Passage 1(2018北京,D)
A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施)and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.
3.What does the underlined word“fielded”in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A.Employed. B.Replaced.
C.Shared. D.Reduced.
精炼Passage 2019丰台C:Opponents( 反 对 者 ) of the industry call the killing inhumane, unsustainable, and unnecessary. Population estimates are highly debatable, they say, but “plague proportions” are biologically implausible. Little kangaroos grow slowly, and many die, so kangaroo populations can expand by only 10 to 15 percent a year, and then only under the best of circumstances. Dwayne Bannon-Harrison, a member of the Yuin people of New South Wales, says the idea that kangaroos are destroying the country is laughable. “They’ve been walking this land a lot longer than people have,” he says. “How could something that’s been here for thousands of years be ‘destroying’ the country I don’t understand the logic in that.”
43. What does the underlined word “implausible” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Unreasonable. B. Immeasurable. C. Unquestionable. D. Unchangeable.
精炼Passage2019石景山D:Until recently, not much was known about the topic, and little help was available to teachers to deal with bullying. Perhaps as a consequence, schools would often deny the problem. There is no bullying at this school has been a common answer if asked, almost certainly untrue. Fortunately more schools are now saying: “There is not much bullying here, but when it occurs we have a clear policy for dealing with it.” Three factors are involved in this change. First is an awareness of the severity of the problem. Second, a number of resources to help tackle bullying have become available in Britain. For example, the Scottish Council for Research in Education produced a package of materials, Action Against Bullying, circulated to all schools in England and Wales as well as in Scotland. In Ireland, Guidelines on Countering Bullying Behaviour in Post-Primary Schools was published, too. Third, there is evidence that these materials work, and that schools can achieve something.
38.The writer thinks that the response “There is no bullying at this school” shows . A.bullying can be easily dealt with
B.bullying doesn’t exist in the school
C.the school knows nothing about bullying
D.the school lacks the knowledge and resources about bullying
精炼Passage2019海淀二模D:For some time一段时间以来, psychologists have been studying how personality traits人格特征 affect health and health-related choices. Not surprisingly, they have found that people （blessed with innate conscientiousness, meaning that they are organized and predictable）, typically eat better and live longer than people （who are disorderly）. They also tend to have immaculate offices.
42. The underlined word “immaculate” in paragraph 1 probably means ______.
A. messy B. tidy C. terrible D. comfortable
提升练习(1)John drives too fast，and he often drives in the middle of the street．He doesn't watch what the other cars are doing．He is a reckless driver．
A．very careful B．very careless C．very harmful D．very harmless
(2)When Glen finished college，he couldn't find a job．Then his luck changed．A big engineering company hired him．
A．give him a job B．paid him
C．told him to stop working D．told him about his future
(3)A computer is a complex machine．It is not simple．
A. simple B. complicated C. beautiful D. expensive
(4)Children like to play with water．After it rains，they will walk in every puddle they can find.
A. rainful B．water sitting in the street C．snow D．a small river
(5)Chicken pox can be very serious for a child who is not in good health．The child develops red spots，and feels hot and uncomfortable．A healthy child gets well quickly．
A．a kind of animal B．a kind of food
C．a kind of childhood disease D．a lack of pure water
(6)Ali showed the class a picture of him, his wife，and their baby．Pierre's family has lived in the east of Canada for two hundred years．Their ancestors came from France．
A．family members from a long time ago
B．grandparents and their grandchildren
C. parents, grandparents and great-grandparents
D．family members all living at the same time
(7)Some Africans carve beautiful human and animal figures out of wood．They sell their carvings to stores and museums．
A．draw B．beat C．heat D．cut
(8)When an army officer gives a command, his men and women must fo1low it．
A．comma B．order C．question D. present
(9)The offspring of a pair of birds leave the nest when they are big enough to fly．
A．children B．ancestors C．generations D．mates
(10)There is a stack of papers on Mr. Green’s desk．
A．piece B．balance C．mixture D．pile
(11)I cannot afford a new car．I have to buy a used one．
A．have enough money to buy something B．search for
C．gather the necessary information D．use one in an emergency
(12)The speed limit is 60 kilometers per hour on this street．
A．fast B．slow C．an D．even though
(13)Before you buy something，check the quality first．For example, if it is cheap, it might not be good．
A．how good it is B．what the color is
C．what the size is D．how big it is
(14)Please give me your recipe for this cake，so I can make it too．
A．a dish B．directions for cooking
C．a meal D．directions to your house
(15)Water, oil and coffee are examples of a liquid．
A．something you can drink B．something you can burn
C．something you can pour D．something from plants
(16)The weather in Xiamen is hot and humid. A desert is dry．
A．wet B．dry C．cold D．windy
(17)Before a baby learns to walk, it has to crawl on the floor．
A．walk on two feet B．fly
C．sit in a chair D．move on the hands and knees
(18)Coffee originally came from Ethiopia．Now many tropical countries grow it．
A．now B．in the future
C．in the beginning D．at present
(19)The scalp covers the head．Hair grows out of it．
A．a kind of hat B．the color of hair
C．a cloth over the head D．the skin on the head
(20)It is a mystery why some people can learn language very easily and others have great difficulty．
A．something easy to understand B．something no one understands
C．something beautiful D．something terrible
(21)Danish and Norwegian are similar languages. If you speak one, you can understand the other.
A．difficult B．almost the same C．easy D．very different
(22)This is a glass of pure milk．There is nothing but milk in the glass．
A．cold B．warm C．white D．100%
(23)Mr. Brown is an amateur photographer．He is an engineer．But in his free time he likes to take pictures．
A. as a hobby B．for money C．as a job D．as work
(24)This small Christmas tree is made of plastic．It is not a real tree．It is artificial．
A. beautiful B. not natural
C. for a special holiday D．in an art museum
(25)Ronald Amundsen was a great explorer．He was the first person to reach the South Pole．
A· a person who works in international business and travels a lot
B· a place that is difficult to find
C· something that an airplane carries
D· a person who looks for new places and information about them
(26)Some people like to keep a journal．They write in it every day．They write about what they did，what happened，and what they thought．
A· a magazine about scientific research B．a textbook
C．a sports magazine D．a notebook about their daily activities
(27)Farmers raise cattle for beef and milk．
A. pigs B．horses C．sheep D．cows
(28)The doctor gave me some medicine．It will cure my sickness．
A· make worse B．make sick C. make better D．make lighter
(29)The kiwi lays the largest eggs in the world. The strange thing about the kiwi is that it cannot fly．
A· a kind of fish B．a kind of cat C. a kind of rock D．a kind of bird
(30)When the hurricane hit the coast, it blew down buildings and trees.
A· the dry season B．a huge truck
C. high water D．a powerful windstorm
(31)whales and elephants are gigantic animals．No other animals can compare with them in size．
A. small B．land C．sea D．huge
(32)Hundreds of years ago wild animals ranged over the continent of Europe.
A. lived and traveled B. arranged C· ran D. made a loud sound
(33)After we paid the bill for our dinner we left a tip for the waiter．
A· the very end of something B．money for good service
C· information D. piece of advice
(34)Bananas, tomatoes, and potatoes are in the produce department of a supermarket．
A. fruit and vegetable B. crops C. make or grow D．agriculture
(35)Without the atmosphere，we could not breathe．
A．the air around the earth B．the height of the mountains
C．the water in the ocean D. the size of the cities
(36)When plane accident occurs，most people are killed．
A．happens B．watches C．falls D．flies
(37)Scientists predict that there will be 6.3 billion people in the world in the year 2000.
A．study the future B．say what will happen in the future
C．study the past D．say what happened in the past
(38)Floods, droughts, earthquakes, and plane accidents are all disasters．
A．bad things t that happen B．good things that happen
C. natural things that happen D．accidents caused by humans
(39) The weather in Hawaii is always mild．It is pleasant and warm．There is usually a light wind to cool the air．
A．not natural B．very hot
C. not too hot or too cold D．rainy
(40) The temperature is very high for ten days．Now it is normal again．
A．special B．1ikely C．drought D．usual
Keys
1. B 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. D
11. A 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. C 16. A 17. D 18. C l9. D 20. B
21. B 22. D 23. A 24.B 25.D 26.D 27. D 28. C 29. D 30. D
31.D 32. A 33.B 34.A 35. A 36.A 37. B 38. A 39.C 40.D
Use the context to help you choose the best meaning or synonym for each highlighted word.
1.We walked slowly down the trail with great trepidation. No one who had gone this way had ever been heard from again. Had they simply found a better place to settle on this dark planet We doubted that.
Which word is a synonym of “trepidation”
a. movement b. worry c. enjoyment d. laughter
3.Kathy was looking for a strong but light material to use for making her water jugs. Unfortunately, she chose noodelite. It proved to too porous to hold jelly.
A porous material _____.
a. is good for holding things that you pour
b. protects you in pouring rain
c. allows liquids to flow through it
d. is necessary for making bowling balls
5.Your plan looks good. I hope it will really work. It’s time to implement it and see if it’s as brilliant as you claim.
a. instrument b. take apart c. change d. carry out
6.If your plan fails, we’ll have to find someone who can devise a better one.
a. design b. dislike c. appliance d. to use peanut butter as toothpaste
7.Of course, I’m not saying that your plan is no good. I tend to be optimistic, so I won’t be surprised when you succeed.
a. expecting the best to happen b. needing glasses to see
c. full of gas d. unselfish
8.When your plan brings us great wealth, you will be rewarded for your sagacity.
a. good looks b. mistakes c. intelligence d. huge appetite for herbs
9.No matter what happens, I assure you that I will not forget how hard you have worked on this project.
a. dare b. promise c. act like a donkey d. forget
Ryan is a great inventor. However, I don’t think that his latest invention, edible socks, is likely to be too successful. Not many people want to eat socks. There are some things in life that should remain inedible.
10. Which word in the passage means “fit to be eaten”
11. Which word in the passage means “not fit to be eaten”
Marsha is really an introvert. When I took her to Jason’s party, she sat in a corner without speaking to anyone. All she did was eat most of the snacks. The only reason she hangs out with me is because I never try to force her to be sociable. She would never forgive me if I introduced her to anyone.
12. An introvert is usually _____.
a. friendly b. hungry c. unclean d. shy
The United States has a new president. Americans are hopeful that George W. Bush will succeed in dealing with some of the major problems that our nation faces. Some feel that the task will be made extremely difficult by the controversial way that the election ended. Others are very confident that our new leader is a man who will bring people together to get things done.
President Bush’s top priority will be to improve education in our country. He is determined to see that no child will ever fail. He believes that local school districts should decide how to meet national standards. The president insists that parents should have greater choices about which schools their kids attend. He will work hard to find areas of agreement between the opposing parties so that important education reforms will become law.
14. Which word in the selection is a synonym of “important”
15. Which word in the selection is an antonym of “succeed”
16. Which word in the selection means to make better
17. Use a word from the selection to complete the following sentence.
The Giants and the Ravens will be the ___________ teams in the Super Bowl.
18. Which word in the selection is a synonym of “nation”
19. Which word in the selection means the rank (place in order) of importance
20. Which word in the selection means having a lot of disagreement.
21. Both sides in the election contest are throwing accusations at each other. The Gore supporters claim that Governor Bush is trying to thwart the will of the people. The Bush supporters say that Mr. Gore is trying to create votes or assign choices to people who did not really cast votes for president.
What does “thwart” mean
a. help b. figure out c. block d. tickle
22. There is a legal battle raging and the judges are concerned that time is running out. Lawyers are being asked to expedite the matter by getting their paperwork in early.
What does “expedite” mean
a. quicken b. agree on c. sue d. discuss
23. The Florida legislature believes that it has the power to choose the winner of the election if the courts haven’t finished their work by December 12. Both houses are controlled by Republicans and they would surely resolve the matter in Bush’s favor.
What does “resolve” mean
a. cancel b. consider c. debate d. settle
24. The election could actually end up being decided in the U.S. Congress. Al Gore’s vice presidential running mate, Joe Lieberman, and perhaps Mr. Gore himself, would be able to vote on the matter. Some would argue that they should recuse themselves, but they would probably exercise their right to vote.
What does “recuse” mean
a. step aside and not be involved b. admit that you are wrong
c. leave the country d. insist on being heard
25. If you count all the votes in an area that heavily supports candidate A, and only some of the votes in an area that heavily supports candidate B, you’ll skew the results in favor of candidate A.
What does “skew” mean
a. roast b. ignore c. slant d. ask
26. The home team made sure that the officials were on their side. They won a close game and the championship with many questionable decisions from the officials. However, no one from any other town would accept the winners as legitimate champions.
What does “legitimate” mean
a. real b. talented c. sneaky d. good looking
27.
28. Both sides battled for years. They were very far apart and could find no way to make a lasting peace. When the fighting finally came to an end, everyone was exhausted and embittered.
What does “embittered” mean
a. very angry, resentful b. sour tasting c. humorous d. annoyed
29. The signal from the cable is too strong for our television. We’ll have to use a filter to attenuate it.
When you attenuate something, you _______________.
a. watch it carefully b. take good care of it c. make it be less d. get past it
30.
31. Her cardinal rule is this: Be kind to others! She believes that everything else in life will fall properly into place if one follows that rule.
What does “cardinal” mean in this context
a. main, or most important b. red
c. like a bird d. not worth remembering
32. The owner of the restaurant wouldn’t allow Samantha to walk through the door. “I’m sorry,” she said, “but you started a food fight the last time you were here. You may not have ingress to my restaurant!”
What does “ingress” mean in this selection
a. a kind of bird that lives by the sea b. any food that can be thrown
c. a good price for a meal d. the right to enter
33. Prunella and Paula are sisters, but they’re very different. Just look at how they dress. Prunella doesn’t care what she wears. Paula, on the other hand, is quite chic [sheek].
a. intelligent b. stylish c. full of feathers d. dressed in old clothes
34. I looked at the plans for your new house. This is earthquake country. You need to fortify the frame or you’ll have a disaster with the first tremor.
a. shake b. build c. strengthen d. destroy
35. Helen’s attitude toward dealing with criminals has changed over the years. She used to believe that everyone can change and deserves a second chance. She now believes that some crimes are so heinous that those responsible should be shown no mercy.
a. guilty b. terrible c. accidental d. unimportant
36. There may be some parts of my plan to arrest the thieves that should be changed. But I feel very strongly that renting the apartment over their headquarters is the linchpin of the scheme. We must do that immediately!
a. part that everything else depends on b. piece of metal used to connect things
c. place where people live d. a computer designed for police work
37. Amy was feeling low. Every business she tried lost money or made only pennies a day. Her newest idea was selling chocolate covered baby shoes. She was convinced that it would be a lucrative business. Her friends tried to warn her that it was not a certain road to riches.
a. tasting great with vanilla ice cream b. helping young feet to grow correctly
c. showing no careful thought d. bringing in a lot of money, or profit
38. Connie is never happy when everyone is getting along. She always instigates fights and then acts like little Miss Innocent.
When you instigate something, you __________.
a. check it out b. protect it c. get it started d. ignore it
39. I like that store. All the employees strive to make the customers feel right at home.
Which word is a synonym of “strive”
a. complain b. try c. fail d. clean
40. This is a clandestine operation. It is extremely important that no one discovers what you’re doing!
A clandestine operation is supposed to be __________.
a. dangerous b. harmful c. exciting d. secret
41. If you don’t recover quickly from your condition, it could become chronic. Then you might have to take medicine for the rest of your life.
If something is chronic, it __________.
a. is very painful b. won’t go away
c. makes you smell bad d. isn’t real
42. David hoped that nobody would know that he was in the building. Didn’t he realize that parking his new car in the driveway made his presence rather conspicuous
If something is conspicuous, it is __________.
a. important b. expensive c. unfortunate d. noticeable
43. Your uncle wouldn’t even part with a dime to help the kids pay for their trip. That’s just one more example of his penurious ways. In contrast, many people who have much less money have donated a great deal to the cause.
What does “penurious” mean
a. very old b. very wealthy c. very humorous d. very stingy
44. There is a very interesting article about solar storms in the February 14, 2000 issue of Time magazine. It tells about how these disturbances not only affect spacecraft, but can also disrupt terrestrial life. For example, they have even caused automatic garage doors to open in one town.
What does “terrestrial” mean
a. of or on the planet Earth b. protective of automotive equipment
c. solar d. in or near a pond
45. “Michelle, I’m very upset about what you said,” Rosie stated firmly. “You didn’t come right out and accuse me of eating all your candy. On the other hand, your remarks about my love of chocolate were made for a reason. You are insinuating that I’m the candy thief!”
What does “insinuate” mean
a. to keep something hot or cold b. to suggest without clearly saying
c. to do something evil d. to protect from disease
46. I think it would help our basketball team, if we allowed girls to play. I’ve seen how Patty has a knack for making the tough shots when they’re needed most. She wants to play on our team and we’d win more games with her help.
What does “knack” mean
a. to throw or toss b. a hard punch c. a kind of sports bag d. an ability
47. It was a sad and haunting strain that met our ears as we entered the old theater. There was a beauty in the voice that we’d never forget. This would be a special concert.
What does “strain” mean in the context of the selection
a. effort b. injury c. melody d. filter
48. I want you to weigh his words carefully. He seems sincere and presents his arguments well. There is, however, something that doesn’t quite ring true about the candidate.
What does “weigh” mean in the context of the selection
a. to measure the mass b. to put pressure on a scale
c. to think about d. to be important
49. Michael is an ardent supporter of his presidential candidate. That became obvious to me when I found out how much time he’s donated to the campaign. Perhaps Michael knows what he’s doing.
What does “ardent” mean in the context of the selection
a. old b. intelligent c. foolish d. very strong
50. Mary, of course you’re overweight. You eat too much junk food. Even worse, you exercise infrequently.
What does “infrequently” mean
a. with a frown on one’s face b. at a gym
c. while wearing heavy clothes d. not often
51.Missy was usually rarely (commonly, rarely) hungry when she woke up in the morning. It took at least an hour for her to even want to think about food. She had only been awake for a few minutes when her father called, “Missy, what do you desire ____________ (want, reject) for breakfast ”
“None ____________ (Nothing, Everything) that I can imagine!” Missy replied ____________ (responded, asked) as she bounded down the stairs. “Food is the last thing on my mind, Dad. I’m on my way to meet Jenny so we can go to school separately ____________ (apart, together).”
“Have you told ____________ (informed, concealed) your bus driver that you won’t be here ” Mr. Vega stated ____________ (announced, inquired).
“I’m sure ____________ (certain, doubtful) that I mentioned it to her yesterday. The only question is whether or not she’ll remember,” Missy answered as she left ____________ (exited, entered) her house. She smiled as the early summer sunlight chilled ____________ (cooled, warmed) her face.
52. Kim was a very good substitute teacher. She liked working with third and fourth graders most of all. She especially liked discussing important current events issues with the kids. She had expected them to be indifferent to such grown-up topics as taxes and social security. She was pleasantly surprised to discover that they were really interested in those issues and wanted to learn more about them.
a. similar b. very unusual c. not caring d. gross
53. Mr. Burke stood before his employees. They had never seen him in such a serious mood. “I would be remiss if I didn’t tell you that your future with this company depends on how hard you work,” he stated firmly.
a. a girl again b. honest and trustworthy
c. important d. not responsible
54. “I am going to rescind the permission I gave you to use my toys!” T. J. announced angrily. “I thought you would take good care of them, but I was wrong!”
a. repeat b. celebrate c. continue d. cancel
55. I am working very hard for the same candidate that you support. You are doing it for pay. I’m not doing this for money. I’m doing it out of conviction.
a. being found guilty b. strong belief
c. anger d. a desire to eat prunes
56. Ashlee was not happy with her friend Samantha. “I’ve been waiting here for an hour!” she growled into her cell phone. “You’d better hie yourself over here,” she continued, “or we’ll leave without you.
a. hurry, or hasten b. stroll, or walk slowly
c. float above the trees d. greet in an unfriendly manner
57. When Beth and Donna were fighting over a boy who didn’t like either one of them, Shana stepped in as a mediator. She sat them both in a corner and kept them talking to each other. Finally, Shana’s efforts resulted in her two friends making up.
a. troublemaker b. peacemaker c. witness d. competitor
58. No one suspected that Jerry was a spy. On the surface he behaved like any normal citizen. When his covert activity was discovered and announced to the world, we were all shocked.
a. friendly b. helpful c. loud d. hidden
59. The workers stood in front of the factory and wondered what to do next. The doors were locked and the windows were boarded up. They doubted that they would even collect their final pay checks now that the company was insolvent.
a. broke, or out of money b. hiring new workers
c. changing a name d. making too much money
Suggested answers
1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5.D 6. A 7. A 8. C 9. B
10.edible 11.inedible 12.D 13.B 14. Major 15. Fail 16. Improve 17. opposing
18. Country 19. Priority 20. Controversial 21. C 22. A 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. A 27. A 28. A
29. C 30. B 31. A 32. D 32. B 34. C 35. B 36. A 37. D 38. C 39. B 40. D 41. B 42. D 43. D 44. A 45. B 46. D 47. C 48. C 49. D 50. D
51. rarely want Nothing responded together informed inquired certain exited
warmed 52. C 53. D 54. D 55. B 56. A 57. B 58. D 59. A
根据上下文推测各题中划线词的词义。
精炼Passage 1(2018北京,D)
A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施)and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.
3.What does the underlined word“fielded”in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A.Employed. B.Replaced.
C.Shared. D.Reduced.
精炼Passage 2019丰台C:Opponents( 反 对 者 ) of the industry call the killing inhumane, unsustainable, and unnecessary. Population estimates are highly debatable, they say, but “plague proportions” are biologically implausible. Little kangaroos grow slowly, and many die, so kangaroo populations can expand by only 10 to 15 percent a year, and then only under the best of circumstances. Dwayne Bannon-Harrison, a member of the Yuin people of New South Wales, says the idea that kangaroos are destroying the country is laughable. “They’ve been walking this land a lot longer than people have,” he says. “How could something that’s been here for thousands of years be ‘destroying’ the country I don’t understand the logic in that.”
43. What does the underlined word “implausible” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Unreasonable. B. Immeasurable. C. Unquestionable. D. Unchangeable.
精炼Passage2019石景山D:Until recently, not much was known about the topic, and little help was available to teachers to deal with bullying. Perhaps as a consequence, schools would often deny the problem. There is no bullying at this school has been a common answer if asked, almost certainly untrue. Fortunately more schools are now saying: “There is not much bullying here, but when it occurs we have a clear policy for dealing with it.” Three factors are involved in this change. First is an awareness of the severity of the problem. Second, a number of resources to help tackle bullying have become available in Britain. For example, the Scottish Council for Research in Education produced a package of materials, Action Against Bullying, circulated to all schools in England and Wales as well as in Scotland. In Ireland, Guidelines on Countering Bullying Behaviour in Post-Primary Schools was published, too. Third, there is evidence that these materials work, and that schools can achieve something.
38.The writer thinks that the response “There is no bullying at this school” shows . A.bullying can be easily dealt with
B.bullying doesn’t exist in the school
C.the school knows nothing about bullying
D.the school lacks the knowledge and resources about bullying
精炼Passage2019海淀二模D:For some time一段时间以来, psychologists have been studying how personality traits人格特征 affect health and health-related choices. Not surprisingly, they have found that people （blessed with innate conscientiousness, meaning that they are organized and predictable）, typically eat better and live longer than people （who are disorderly）. They also tend to have immaculate offices.
42. The underlined word “immaculate” in paragraph 1 probably means ______.
A. messy B. tidy C. terrible D. comfortable
提升练习(1)John drives too fast，and he often drives in the middle of the street．He doesn't watch what the other cars are doing．He is a reckless driver．
A．very careful B．very careless C．very harmful D．very harmless
(2)When Glen finished college，he couldn't find a job．Then his luck changed．A big engineering company hired him．
A．give him a job B．paid him
C．told him to stop working D．told him about his future
(3)A computer is a complex machine．It is not simple．
A. simple B. complicated C. beautiful D. expensive
(4)Children like to play with water．After it rains，they will walk in every puddle they can find.
A. rainful B．water sitting in the street C．snow D．a small river
(5)Chicken pox can be very serious for a child who is not in good health．The child develops red spots，and feels hot and uncomfortable．A healthy child gets well quickly．
A．a kind of animal B．a kind of food
C．a kind of childhood disease D．a lack of pure water
(6)Ali showed the class a picture of him, his wife，and their baby．Pierre's family has lived in the east of Canada for two hundred years．Their ancestors came from France．
A．family members from a long time ago
B．grandparents and their grandchildren
C. parents, grandparents and great-grandparents
D．family members all living at the same time
(7)Some Africans carve beautiful human and animal figures out of wood．They sell their carvings to stores and museums．
A．draw B．beat C．heat D．cut
(8)When an army officer gives a command, his men and women must fo1low it．
A．comma B．order C．question D. present
(9)The offspring of a pair of birds leave the nest when they are big enough to fly．
A．children B．ancestors C．generations D．mates
(10)There is a stack of papers on Mr. Green’s desk．
A．piece B．balance C．mixture D．pile
(11)I cannot afford a new car．I have to buy a used one．
A．have enough money to buy something B．search for
C．gather the necessary information D．use one in an emergency
(12)The speed limit is 60 kilometers per hour on this street．
A．fast B．slow C．an D．even though
(13)Before you buy something，check the quality first．For example, if it is cheap, it might not be good．
A．how good it is B．what the color is
C．what the size is D．how big it is
(14)Please give me your recipe for this cake，so I can make it too．
A．a dish B．directions for cooking
C．a meal D．directions to your house
(15)Water, oil and coffee are examples of a liquid．
A．something you can drink B．something you can burn
C．something you can pour D．something from plants
(16)The weather in Xiamen is hot and humid. A desert is dry．
A．wet B．dry C．cold D．windy
(17)Before a baby learns to walk, it has to crawl on the floor．
A．walk on two feet B．fly
C．sit in a chair D．move on the hands and knees
(18)Coffee originally came from Ethiopia．Now many tropical countries grow it．
A．now B．in the future
C．in the beginning D．at present
(19)The scalp covers the head．Hair grows out of it．
A．a kind of hat B．the color of hair
C．a cloth over the head D．the skin on the head
(20)It is a mystery why some people can learn language very easily and others have great difficulty．
A．something easy to understand B．something no one understands
C．something beautiful D．something terrible
(21)Danish and Norwegian are similar languages. If you speak one, you can understand the other.
A．difficult B．almost the same C．easy D．very different
(22)This is a glass of pure milk．There is nothing but milk in the glass．
A．cold B．warm C．white D．100%
(23)Mr. Brown is an amateur photographer．He is an engineer．But in his free time he likes to take pictures．
A. as a hobby B．for money C．as a job D．as work
(24)This small Christmas tree is made of plastic．It is not a real tree．It is artificial．
A. beautiful B. not natural
C. for a special holiday D．in an art museum
(25)Ronald Amundsen was a great explorer．He was the first person to reach the South Pole．
A· a person who works in international business and travels a lot
B· a place that is difficult to find
C· something that an airplane carries
D· a person who looks for new places and information about them
(26)Some people like to keep a journal．They write in it every day．They write about what they did，what happened，and what they thought．
A· a magazine about scientific research B．a textbook
C．a sports magazine D．a notebook about their daily activities
(27)Farmers raise cattle for beef and milk．
A. pigs B．horses C．sheep D．cows
(28)The doctor gave me some medicine．It will cure my sickness．
A· make worse B．make sick C. make better D．make lighter
(29)The kiwi lays the largest eggs in the world. The strange thing about the kiwi is that it cannot fly．
A· a kind of fish B．a kind of cat C. a kind of rock D．a kind of bird
(30)When the hurricane hit the coast, it blew down buildings and trees.
A· the dry season B．a huge truck
C. high water D．a powerful windstorm
(31)whales and elephants are gigantic animals．No other animals can compare with them in size．
A. small B．land C．sea D．huge
(32)Hundreds of years ago wild animals ranged over the continent of Europe.
A. lived and traveled B. arranged C· ran D. made a loud sound
(33)After we paid the bill for our dinner we left a tip for the waiter．
A· the very end of something B．money for good service
C· information D. piece of advice
(34)Bananas, tomatoes, and potatoes are in the produce department of a supermarket．
A. fruit and vegetable B. crops C. make or grow D．agriculture
(35)Without the atmosphere，we could not breathe．
A．the air around the earth B．the height of the mountains
C．the water in the ocean D. the size of the cities
(36)When plane accident occurs，most people are killed．
A．happens B．watches C．falls D．flies
(37)Scientists predict that there will be 6.3 billion people in the world in the year 2000.
A．study the future B．say what will happen in the future
C．study the past D．say what happened in the past
(38)Floods, droughts, earthquakes, and plane accidents are all disasters．
A．bad things t that happen B．good things that happen
C. natural things that happen D．accidents caused by humans
(39) The weather in Hawaii is always mild．It is pleasant and warm．There is usually a light wind to cool the air．
A．not natural B．very hot
C. not too hot or too cold D．rainy
(40) The temperature is very high for ten days．Now it is normal again．
A．special B．1ikely C．drought D．usual
Keys
1. B 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. D
11. A 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. C 16. A 17. D 18. C l9. D 20. B
21. B 22. D 23. A 24.B 25.D 26.D 27. D 28. C 29. D 30. D
31.D 32. A 33.B 34.A 35. A 36.A 37. B 38. A 39.C 40.D
Use the context to help you choose the best meaning or synonym for each highlighted word.
1.We walked slowly down the trail with great trepidation. No one who had gone this way had ever been heard from again. Had they simply found a better place to settle on this dark planet We doubted that.
Which word is a synonym of “trepidation”
a. movement b. worry c. enjoyment d. laughter
3.Kathy was looking for a strong but light material to use for making her water jugs. Unfortunately, she chose noodelite. It proved to too porous to hold jelly.
A porous material _____.
a. is good for holding things that you pour
b. protects you in pouring rain
c. allows liquids to flow through it
d. is necessary for making bowling balls
5.Your plan looks good. I hope it will really work. It’s time to implement it and see if it’s as brilliant as you claim.
a. instrument b. take apart c. change d. carry out
6.If your plan fails, we’ll have to find someone who can devise a better one.
a. design b. dislike c. appliance d. to use peanut butter as toothpaste
7.Of course, I’m not saying that your plan is no good. I tend to be optimistic, so I won’t be surprised when you succeed.
a. expecting the best to happen b. needing glasses to see
c. full of gas d. unselfish
8.When your plan brings us great wealth, you will be rewarded for your sagacity.
a. good looks b. mistakes c. intelligence d. huge appetite for herbs
9.No matter what happens, I assure you that I will not forget how hard you have worked on this project.
a. dare b. promise c. act like a donkey d. forget
Ryan is a great inventor. However, I don’t think that his latest invention, edible socks, is likely to be too successful. Not many people want to eat socks. There are some things in life that should remain inedible.
10. Which word in the passage means “fit to be eaten”
11. Which word in the passage means “not fit to be eaten”
Marsha is really an introvert. When I took her to Jason’s party, she sat in a corner without speaking to anyone. All she did was eat most of the snacks. The only reason she hangs out with me is because I never try to force her to be sociable. She would never forgive me if I introduced her to anyone.
12. An introvert is usually _____.
a. friendly b. hungry c. unclean d. shy
The United States has a new president. Americans are hopeful that George W. Bush will succeed in dealing with some of the major problems that our nation faces. Some feel that the task will be made extremely difficult by the controversial way that the election ended. Others are very confident that our new leader is a man who will bring people together to get things done.
President Bush’s top priority will be to improve education in our country. He is determined to see that no child will ever fail. He believes that local school districts should decide how to meet national standards. The president insists that parents should have greater choices about which schools their kids attend. He will work hard to find areas of agreement between the opposing parties so that important education reforms will become law.
14. Which word in the selection is a synonym of “important”
15. Which word in the selection is an antonym of “succeed”
16. Which word in the selection means to make better
17. Use a word from the selection to complete the following sentence.
The Giants and the Ravens will be the ___________ teams in the Super Bowl.
18. Which word in the selection is a synonym of “nation”
19. Which word in the selection means the rank (place in order) of importance
20. Which word in the selection means having a lot of disagreement.
21. Both sides in the election contest are throwing accusations at each other. The Gore supporters claim that Governor Bush is trying to thwart the will of the people. The Bush supporters say that Mr. Gore is trying to create votes or assign choices to people who did not really cast votes for president.
What does “thwart” mean
a. help b. figure out c. block d. tickle
22. There is a legal battle raging and the judges are concerned that time is running out. Lawyers are being asked to expedite the matter by getting their paperwork in early.
What does “expedite” mean
a. quicken b. agree on c. sue d. discuss
23. The Florida legislature believes that it has the power to choose the winner of the election if the courts haven’t finished their work by December 12. Both houses are controlled by Republicans and they would surely resolve the matter in Bush’s favor.
What does “resolve” mean
a. cancel b. consider c. debate d. settle
24. The election could actually end up being decided in the U.S. Congress. Al Gore’s vice presidential running mate, Joe Lieberman, and perhaps Mr. Gore himself, would be able to vote on the matter. Some would argue that they should recuse themselves, but they would probably exercise their right to vote.
What does “recuse” mean
a. step aside and not be involved b. admit that you are wrong
c. leave the country d. insist on being heard
25. If you count all the votes in an area that heavily supports candidate A, and only some of the votes in an area that heavily supports candidate B, you’ll skew the results in favor of candidate A.
What does “skew” mean
a. roast b. ignore c. slant d. ask
26. The home team made sure that the officials were on their side. They won a close game and the championship with many questionable decisions from the officials. However, no one from any other town would accept the winners as legitimate champions.
What does “legitimate” mean
a. real b. talented c. sneaky d. good looking
27.
28. Both sides battled for years. They were very far apart and could find no way to make a lasting peace. When the fighting finally came to an end, everyone was exhausted and embittered.
What does “embittered” mean
a. very angry, resentful b. sour tasting c. humorous d. annoyed
29. The signal from the cable is too strong for our television. We’ll have to use a filter to attenuate it.
When you attenuate something, you _______________.
a. watch it carefully b. take good care of it c. make it be less d. get past it
30.
31. Her cardinal rule is this: Be kind to others! She believes that everything else in life will fall properly into place if one follows that rule.
What does “cardinal” mean in this context
a. main, or most important b. red
c. like a bird d. not worth remembering
32. The owner of the restaurant wouldn’t allow Samantha to walk through the door. “I’m sorry,” she said, “but you started a food fight the last time you were here. You may not have ingress to my restaurant!”
What does “ingress” mean in this selection
a. a kind of bird that lives by the sea b. any food that can be thrown
c. a good price for a meal d. the right to enter
33. Prunella and Paula are sisters, but they’re very different. Just look at how they dress. Prunella doesn’t care what she wears. Paula, on the other hand, is quite chic [sheek].
a. intelligent b. stylish c. full of feathers d. dressed in old clothes
34. I looked at the plans for your new house. This is earthquake country. You need to fortify the frame or you’ll have a disaster with the first tremor.
a. shake b. build c. strengthen d. destroy
35. Helen’s attitude toward dealing with criminals has changed over the years. She used to believe that everyone can change and deserves a second chance. She now believes that some crimes are so heinous that those responsible should be shown no mercy.
a. guilty b. terrible c. accidental d. unimportant
36. There may be some parts of my plan to arrest the thieves that should be changed. But I feel very strongly that renting the apartment over their headquarters is the linchpin of the scheme. We must do that immediately!
a. part that everything else depends on b. piece of metal used to connect things
c. place where people live d. a computer designed for police work
37. Amy was feeling low. Every business she tried lost money or made only pennies a day. Her newest idea was selling chocolate covered baby shoes. She was convinced that it would be a lucrative business. Her friends tried to warn her that it was not a certain road to riches.
a. tasting great with vanilla ice cream b. helping young feet to grow correctly
c. showing no careful thought d. bringing in a lot of money, or profit
38. Connie is never happy when everyone is getting along. She always instigates fights and then acts like little Miss Innocent.
When you instigate something, you __________.
a. check it out b. protect it c. get it started d. ignore it
39. I like that store. All the employees strive to make the customers feel right at home.
Which word is a synonym of “strive”
a. complain b. try c. fail d. clean
40. This is a clandestine operation. It is extremely important that no one discovers what you’re doing!
A clandestine operation is supposed to be __________.
a. dangerous b. harmful c. exciting d. secret
41. If you don’t recover quickly from your condition, it could become chronic. Then you might have to take medicine for the rest of your life.
If something is chronic, it __________.
a. is very painful b. won’t go away
c. makes you smell bad d. isn’t real
42. David hoped that nobody would know that he was in the building. Didn’t he realize that parking his new car in the driveway made his presence rather conspicuous
If something is conspicuous, it is __________.
a. important b. expensive c. unfortunate d. noticeable
43. Your uncle wouldn’t even part with a dime to help the kids pay for their trip. That’s just one more example of his penurious ways. In contrast, many people who have much less money have donated a great deal to the cause.
What does “penurious” mean
a. very old b. very wealthy c. very humorous d. very stingy
44. There is a very interesting article about solar storms in the February 14, 2000 issue of Time magazine. It tells about how these disturbances not only affect spacecraft, but can also disrupt terrestrial life. For example, they have even caused automatic garage doors to open in one town.
What does “terrestrial” mean
a. of or on the planet Earth b. protective of automotive equipment
c. solar d. in or near a pond
45. “Michelle, I’m very upset about what you said,” Rosie stated firmly. “You didn’t come right out and accuse me of eating all your candy. On the other hand, your remarks about my love of chocolate were made for a reason. You are insinuating that I’m the candy thief!”
What does “insinuate” mean
a. to keep something hot or cold b. to suggest without clearly saying
c. to do something evil d. to protect from disease
46. I think it would help our basketball team, if we allowed girls to play. I’ve seen how Patty has a knack for making the tough shots when they’re needed most. She wants to play on our team and we’d win more games with her help.
What does “knack” mean
a. to throw or toss b. a hard punch c. a kind of sports bag d. an ability
47. It was a sad and haunting strain that met our ears as we entered the old theater. There was a beauty in the voice that we’d never forget. This would be a special concert.
What does “strain” mean in the context of the selection
a. effort b. injury c. melody d. filter
48. I want you to weigh his words carefully. He seems sincere and presents his arguments well. There is, however, something that doesn’t quite ring true about the candidate.
What does “weigh” mean in the context of the selection
a. to measure the mass b. to put pressure on a scale
c. to think about d. to be important
49. Michael is an ardent supporter of his presidential candidate. That became obvious to me when I found out how much time he’s donated to the campaign. Perhaps Michael knows what he’s doing.
What does “ardent” mean in the context of the selection
a. old b. intelligent c. foolish d. very strong
50. Mary, of course you’re overweight. You eat too much junk food. Even worse, you exercise infrequently.
What does “infrequently” mean
a. with a frown on one’s face b. at a gym
c. while wearing heavy clothes d. not often
51.Missy was usually rarely (commonly, rarely) hungry when she woke up in the morning. It took at least an hour for her to even want to think about food. She had only been awake for a few minutes when her father called, “Missy, what do you desire ____________ (want, reject) for breakfast ”
“None ____________ (Nothing, Everything) that I can imagine!” Missy replied ____________ (responded, asked) as she bounded down the stairs. “Food is the last thing on my mind, Dad. I’m on my way to meet Jenny so we can go to school separately ____________ (apart, together).”
“Have you told ____________ (informed, concealed) your bus driver that you won’t be here ” Mr. Vega stated ____________ (announced, inquired).
“I’m sure ____________ (certain, doubtful) that I mentioned it to her yesterday. The only question is whether or not she’ll remember,” Missy answered as she left ____________ (exited, entered) her house. She smiled as the early summer sunlight chilled ____________ (cooled, warmed) her face.
52. Kim was a very good substitute teacher. She liked working with third and fourth graders most of all. She especially liked discussing important current events issues with the kids. She had expected them to be indifferent to such grown-up topics as taxes and social security. She was pleasantly surprised to discover that they were really interested in those issues and wanted to learn more about them.
a. similar b. very unusual c. not caring d. gross
53. Mr. Burke stood before his employees. They had never seen him in such a serious mood. “I would be remiss if I didn’t tell you that your future with this company depends on how hard you work,” he stated firmly.
a. a girl again b. honest and trustworthy
c. important d. not responsible
54. “I am going to rescind the permission I gave you to use my toys!” T. J. announced angrily. “I thought you would take good care of them, but I was wrong!”
a. repeat b. celebrate c. continue d. cancel
55. I am working very hard for the same candidate that you support. You are doing it for pay. I’m not doing this for money. I’m doing it out of conviction.
a. being found guilty b. strong belief
c. anger d. a desire to eat prunes
56. Ashlee was not happy with her friend Samantha. “I’ve been waiting here for an hour!” she growled into her cell phone. “You’d better hie yourself over here,” she continued, “or we’ll leave without you.
a. hurry, or hasten b. stroll, or walk slowly
c. float above the trees d. greet in an unfriendly manner
57. When Beth and Donna were fighting over a boy who didn’t like either one of them, Shana stepped in as a mediator. She sat them both in a corner and kept them talking to each other. Finally, Shana’s efforts resulted in her two friends making up.
a. troublemaker b. peacemaker c. witness d. competitor
58. No one suspected that Jerry was a spy. On the surface he behaved like any normal citizen. When his covert activity was discovered and announced to the world, we were all shocked.
a. friendly b. helpful c. loud d. hidden
59. The workers stood in front of the factory and wondered what to do next. The doors were locked and the windows were boarded up. They doubted that they would even collect their final pay checks now that the company was insolvent.
a. broke, or out of money b. hiring new workers
c. changing a name d. making too much money
Suggested answers
1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5.D 6. A 7. A 8. C 9. B
10.edible 11.inedible 12.D 13.B 14. Major 15. Fail 16. Improve 17. opposing
18. Country 19. Priority 20. Controversial 21. C 22. A 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. A 27. A 28. A
29. C 30. B 31. A 32. D 32. B 34. C 35. B 36. A 37. D 38. C 39. B 40. D 41. B 42. D 43. D 44. A 45. B 46. D 47. C 48. C 49. D 50. D
51. rarely want Nothing responded together informed inquired certain exited
warmed 52. C 53. D 54. D 55. B 56. A 57. B 58. D 59. A