初中常见单词短语词义和用法辨析(共30组)

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名称 初中常见单词短语词义和用法辨析(共30组)
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常见单词短语词义和用法辨析
一、even though和even if的用法与区别
even though 和 even if 均可用于引导让步状语从句,其细微区别是:
even if 引导的从句是往往是假设性的,相当于汉语的“即使”“纵然”“就算”“哪怕”。
例如:
They'll stand by you even if you don't succeed. 即使你不成功,他们也会支持你。
Even if I have to walk all the way I'll get there. 即使我得一路走着去,我也要走到那里。
Even if it rains tomorrow, we won't change our plan. 即使明天下雨,我们也决不改变计划。
For my part, I plan to go to the party even if you decide not to go. 至于我,即使你决定不去参加晚会我也会去的。
Even if you saw him pick up the money, you can't be sure he stole it. 就算你看见是他拾起的钱,你也不能肯定钱就是他偷的。
【注意】正因为even if从句的内容通常是假设性的,所以有时还可用于虚拟语气;这样用的even if 与单独使用的if比较接近。
例如:
Even if he had the money, he wouldn't buy it. 他即使有钱也不会买它。
I would have married her even if she had been penniless. 即使她身无分文,我也会和她结婚。
even though 引导的从句内容往往是真实的,主要用于引出不利用于主句情况的信息,相当于汉语的“尽管”“虽然”。
例如:
He went out even though it was raining. 尽管在下雨,他还是出去了。
Even though it's hard work, I enjoy it. 虽然工作艰苦,我还是很喜欢。
He's the best teacher even though he has the least experience. 他尽管经验最少,但教得最好。
Even though I didn't know anybody at the party, I had a nice time. 尽管这次聚会上我谁也不认识,我也玩得挺痛快。
【注意】这样用的even though与though或although的意思比较接近,许多时候可以互换,同时注意,英语可以说though和even though,但不能说even although。
例如:
Even though (Thought, Although) I felt sorry for him, l was secretly pleased tha t he was having difficulties. 虽然我为他感到惋惜,但对他的困难却暗自高兴。
Even though (Thought, Although) we all tried our best, we lost the game. 虽然我们已尽了最大的力量,但还是输了。
不过,在实际语言运用中,even if与even though有时也可不加区别地混用。
例如:
Even if (Even though) she laughs at him, he likes her. 尽管她嘲笑他,他还是很喜欢她。
We thoroughly understand each other, even if (even though])we don't always agree. 我们彼此非常了解,虽然有时候也有一些分歧。
二、sure与certain的用法与区别
(一)两者在用法上的相同点
两者都可用作表语,表示“一定”或“确信”,有时可互换。互换的场合应注意以下几点用法:
1. 表示说话者的态度或看法
即表示说话者自己的态度或看法,其意为“一定会”“肯定会”。此时主要用法有:
(1) 单独用作表语。如:
One thing was sure [certain]: they'd be late. 有一件事是确定无疑的,他们会迟到。
(2) 后接不定式。如:
He's certain [sure] to win. 他一定会成功。
They're certain [sure] to need help. 他们肯定需要帮助。
If you do this, you are certain [sure] to be found out. 如果你这样做一定会被发现。
2. 表示句子主语的判断或信念
即表示句子主语对某一情况的判断或信念,其意为“相信”“确信”“有把握”等。此时通常用于以下结构:
(1) 后接of [about] sth。如:
He is certain [sure] of success. 他确信会成功。
Are you certain of [about] that 你对此有把握吗
(2) 后接 of doing sth。如:
Our team is certain [sure] of winning. 我们队有把握赢。
You can be sure [certain] of his agreeing. 你可以放心他会同意。
比较同义句:He is certain [sure] of winning.=He is sure [certain] that he will win. 他自信会赢。
(3) 后接 that / whether / if 从句。如:
I am sure [certain] that he is honest. 我肯定他是诚实的。
I'm sure [certain] that it's not your fault. 我敢肯定这不是你的错。
Are you certain [sure] that this is the right road 你肯定这条路对吗
【注意】:当be sure [certain]为肯定式或疑问式时,后接that从句;当be sure [certain]为否定式时,后接whether [if]从句。
例如:
I'm not sure [certain] whether he still works there. 我不能肯定他是否还在那里工作。
I wasn't sure [certain] whether he would agree.我不太肯定他是否会同意。
He wasn't sure [certain] whether he would be able to get back in time. 他不能肯定他是否能准时回来。
(4) 后接其他从句。如:
I'm not sure [certain] where she lives. 我不能肯定她住在哪里。
I'm not certain [sure] who wrote it. 我不太清楚这是谁写的。
(二)只能用certain的情形,以下情况通常只用certain,而不用sure:
1. 当句中用了形式主语或形式宾语 it 时。如:
It's certain that he'll come tomorrow. 他明天肯定会来。
I thought it certain that he would be late. 我肯定他会迟到。
It's certain that prices will go up. 价格肯定会上涨。
It's not certain how much it will cost. 这要花多少钱还不确定。
2. 当表示“某一”“某些”时。如:
A certain Mr Green wants to see you. 有个叫格林先生的人想见你。
Certain plants are good to eat but others are not. 有些植物好吃, 而其他一些则不好吃。
(三)只能用sure的情形
在 Be sure (not) to do sth.(一定要或不要做某事)这类祈使句中通常不用 certain。如:
Be sure not to forget it. 千万别忘记啦。
Be sure to get there before nine. 务必在九点前到达。
Be sure to turn off the light when leave. 离开时一定要关灯。
三、neither、either、both的用法区别
1、Neither的用法
1)代词。意为“两者中任何一方都不”both的反义词,作主语时谓语动词用单数。
例句:
Neither of the books is mine.这两本书没有一本是我的。
2)形容词。修饰名词时,名词使用单数。
例句:Neither boy can swim.两个男孩都不会游泳。
3)连词。Neither与nor连用:neither—nor— 意为“既不——也不——”连接两个并列的句子成分(连接主语时,谓语动词就近选择)
例句:
Neither he nor I am a teacher.他和我都不是老师。
2、Either的用法
1)代词。意为“两者中的任何一个”谓语动词用单数。
例句:Either of us is a student.
2)形容词。修饰名词时,名次使用单数。
例句:Either boy can swim.两个男孩中有一个会游泳。
3)连词。与or连用:either…or….意为“不是—就是—,要么—要么—,或者—或者—”连接两个并列的句子成分(连接主语时,谓语动词就近选择)用在否定句中和意思与neither nor 一样。
例句:
Either you or I am wrong.不是你错了就是我错了。
He doesn't know Germen or French.=He knows neither German nor French.
3、Both的用法
1)代词。意为“两者都”和谓语动词连用时,放在行为动词前,语法词之后。与of 连用作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
例句:
We must both study English well.
Both of us are from America.=We are both Americans.
2)形容词。修饰名词时,名次使用单数。
例句:There are many trees on the both sides of the road.
3)连词。both and连用。意为“——两者都——”连接主语时谓语动词用复数。
例句:Both my brother and I are football players.
【注意】这些词都可用作代词或形容词。其位置都在be 动词之后,行为动词之前或第一助动词之后。
neither、either、both的区别有以下几种情况:
1、 both (两者都),either(两者中任何一个), neither (两者都不)。以上词使用范围为两个人或物。
Neither of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都不聪明。
2、both,either
both与复数连用,either与单数连用。
Both the boys are clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。
Either of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。
There are flowers on both sides of the street.(两岸)
There are flowers on either side of the street.(岸的两边)
路边长满了野花。
3、either指两者中的任何一个,neither指两者都不。作代词时,either, neither一般接单数动词。作限定词时,一般加单数名词。
例:
Either of them will be appointed Minister of Finance.Neither of the two speaks English well.You must not favor either side in the dispute.In neither case can I agree with you.
4、either…or表示两个或多个选择中的一项。neither…nor表示“既不,也不”。either…or, neither…nor连接的两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词与最靠近它的主语一致。
例:
He neither knows nor cares what has happened.Neither he nor I have met such a beautiful girl before.He must be either mad or drunk.Either she or you are to be blamed for what has happened.
5、either表示也不,用于否定句。(too表示“也”,用于肯定句。)
例:
I don't like the yellow shirt, I don't like the green one, either.
6、neither可以引导倒装句,表示和前面的情况一致,而且前面为否定句。
【练习】
The organization had broken no rules, but______had it acted responsibly.
A neither B so C either D both
解析:neither引导倒装句,表示和前面的否定情况一致。so引导倒装句,表示和前面的肯定情况一致。either表示两者中的一个,both表示两者都。答案为A.
四、many、much、a lot of的用法区别
(一)、many、much、a lot of的用法
many意思是“很多”,与可数名词复数连用;much意思是“很多”,与不可数名词连用;a lot of既可与可数名词连用,也可与不可数名词连用。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语等。
例如:
I don't have many friends here.在这里我没有很多的朋友
Many died in the bus accident.许多人在公交车祸中丧失
There was a lot of mud on the ground.地上有许多泥。
(二)、many、much、a lot of的区别
1. many和much的区别在于many + 可数名词,much + 不可数名词。
例如:
How many people are there at the meeting 会议中有多少人
How much time has we left 他离开多久了
Many of the workers were at the meeting.许多工人在会议中
Much of the time was spent on learning.花许多时间在学习上。
He has many friends,but few true ones.他有许多朋友,但靠谱的没几个。
There hasn't been much good weather recently.最近都不是什么好天气。
a lot of(=lots of)和many、much区别在于它们只能用在肯定句中,而many,much不受限制。
如果将一个含有a lot of(=lots of)的肯定句改为否定句或疑问句,要将它们改为many或much。
例如:
We can see a lot of birds in the tree.
We can't see many birds in the tree.我们在树上看不到很多鸟儿。
He wants lots of soda.
Does he want much soda 他需要许多汽水吗
【练习】用many、much、a lot of填空
1. How ______ bananas do you want
2. How ______ fruit would you like to buy
3. There aren't ________ eggs in the basket.
4. There isn't _______ milk in the glass.
5. I was ill yesterday. But I feel ____ better now.
6. We can learn ______ from the book.
7._______ of us like playing basketball.
8. Kate is ______ younger than Mary.
答案:1.many 2.much 3.many/a lot of 4.much/ a lot of 5.much 6.a lot 7.many 8.much;
五、介词between与among的用法区别
1. among 一般用于三者或三者以上的“在……中间”,其宾语通常是一个表示笼统数量或具有复数(或集合)意义的名词或代词。
例如:
They hid themselves among the trees. 他们躲在树林中。
I found it among a pile of old books. 我在一堆旧书中找到了它。
【注意】:among 还用于下列情况:
(1) 用来引出最高级的比较范围。如:
The book is the best among the modern novels. 在现代小说中这本是最好的。
(2) 表示“是……当中的一个”(相当于 one of)。如:
I was among the first to come. 我是来得最早的一个。
Paris is among the largest cities in the world. 巴黎是世界上最大的城市之一。
2.between 一般指两者之间,其宾语往往是表示两者的名词或代词,或者是由 and 连接的两个人或物。
例如:
There was a fight between the two boys. 这两个孩子打过一次架。
The baby crawled between his father's legs. 婴儿在他父亲的双腿中间爬。
I'm usually free between Tuesday and Thursday. 我通常在星期二与星期四之间有空。
【注意】:在下列情况,between 可用于三者:
(1) 两个以上的人或物用 and 连接时。如:
between A, B and C 在 A、B、C 之间
(2) 涉及事物之间的区别或各国之间的关系时。如:
the difference between the three of them 他们三者之间的区别
the relations between various countries 各国之间的关系
(3) 表示“由于……合作的结果”时。如:
Between them they landed the fish. 他们协力把鱼拖上了岸。
(4) 在 divide, share 等表示“分享”之类的动词之后,若接一个表示三者或三者以上的复数名词时,用 among 和 between 均可。如:
He divided his money among [between] his five sons. 他把钱分给了 5 个儿子。
六、each和every的用法区别
each与every都有“每个”的意思,但二者含义及语法功能不同,主要区别是:
1. each既可用作形容词,又可用作代词,在句中可以作定语,主语、宾语、同位语、状语等。
Each student has his own dictionary. (形容词,定语)
Each has hi s good point. (代词,主语)
Our head teacher had a talk with each of us. (代词,宾语)
The students each have a desk. (代词,同位语)
The children can have a bag each. (副词,状语)
2. each与every都可用作形容词,在句中作定语,但each更强调个人或个别,every更强调全体或全部。比较:
I know each number of your family.
I know every number of your family.
3. each指两个或两个以上的人或事物中的“每个”;every是指许多人或事物的“全体”,与all的意思相近。试译:
这条街上每边都有很多商店。
[误]There are many shops on every side of the street.
[正]There a re many shops on each side of the street.
我给她父母每人 一件礼物。
[误]I gave a present to every one of her parents.
[正]I gave a present to each of her parents.
4. 指上下文提到过的确定数目中的“每一个”时,要用each;如果上下文没有提及时,不能用each,要用everyone等。试译:
我认为这三个答案个个都正确。
[误]I think every answer of the three is right.
[正]I think each of the three answers is right.
我看见人人都忙着工作。
[误]I saw each was busy with his work.
[正]I saw everyone was busy with his work.
七、area, region, district的用法区别
三者均可表示“地区”,区别如下:
1. area 是这组词中用得最广的,表示的“地区”可大可小,但通常不指行政分区。如:
I find the people in this area very friendly. 我发现这个 地方的人很友好。
2. region 通常指较大的地区,它既可以表示一个国家的行政分区,也可以指非行政分区。如:
The southeast is the richest of England. 英国的东南部是最富有的。
Italy is divided into 20 regions. 意大利被分为20个行政区。
其他用例:
the Arctic region 北极地区
an oil region 石油产区
in country regions 在农村地区
a forest region 林区
3. district 指相对于 region 稍小的地区,通常指一个国家或城市的行政分区,有时也指非行政分区。如:
The letters SW1 stand for a postal district of London. SW1 这几个字母代表伦敦的邮政分区。
The busiest shopping district in Beijing is around Wangfujing Street. 北京最热闹的商业区是王府井大街一带。
八、ache, pain, sore的区别是什么
ache, pain, sore 这些名词均含有“疼、疼痛”之意。
ache 指人体某一器官较持久的疼痛,常常是隐痛。
pain 可与ache换用,但pain既可指一般疼痛,也可指剧痛,疼痛范围可以是局部或全身,时间可长可短。也可引申指精神上的痛苦。
sore 指身体某部位的痛处,有是也指精神上的痛苦。
九、ashamed, shameful的用法区别
ashamed, shameful 这两个形容词均含“羞愧的”之意。
ashamed 用于人,指因干了错事、坏事或傻事等而感到羞愧。
shameful 指人或人的行为本身不光彩、不道德
十、regret doing/to do的区别
regret to do  对要做的事遗憾。     (未做)
regret doing  对做过的事遗憾、后悔。  (已做)
例句:
I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice.我很遗憾必须这样去做,我实在没有办法。
I don't regret telling her what I thought.我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。
【练习】
---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.
---Well, now I regret ___ that.
A. to do  B. to be doing  C. to have done  D. having done
答案:D。regret having done sth. 对已发生的事感到遗憾。regret to do sth. 对将要做的事感到遗憾。本题为对已说的话感到后悔,因此选D。
十一、at heart和by heart的区别
At heart 的意思是“在心里”、“心底里”或“本质上”(from theheart,from the bottom of one's heart or essentially)。byheart 的意思是“背诵”、“熟记”(by rote;to learn so well thatone can remember it perfectly)。请看下面例句:
That socialite is a rascal at heart.那个知名人士实质上是个坏蛋。
A councillor should have the collective interest of society at heart.议员应当关心大众的利益。
At heart,Mr.Lin does not approve your proposal.林先生的心里并不赞同你的建议。
Mr.Wang looks stem,but he is kind at heart.王先生看来严肃,但买质上他很仁慈。
I know this poem by heart.我熟读/我能背诵这首诗。
I don't see the point of learning by heart all the dates in the history book!
我真不明白为什么要把历史书里所有的日期都要记下来!
【注意】下列短语的意思:(跟前例 have something at heart相近)
in one's heart of hearts 在内心深处
take something to heart 认真考虑/关注某事
set one's heart on something 决心做/得到某事/物
cut(or touch)sb to the heart 触及某人痛处
one's heart is in something 把整个心放在某事上
十二、at the end of和by the end of用法区别
1. at the end of,by the end of这一对短语的意思都是“在…的末了”、“在…的一端”,意义上相似,但使用场合有所不同。一般说来,at the end of用于表示具体事物或场所的场合,它也可以用来表示比喻意。例:
The school is situated at the end of the street.该校位于这条街的尽头。
We'll have an exam in English at the end of January.一月底我们要参加英语考试。
They were at the end of their patience.他们忍无可忍。
He is at the end of his wits.他智穷才尽,束手无策。
2.by the end of用于表示时间的场合,往往含有“不迟于”的意味。值得注意的是,at the end of亦可用于表示时间的场合(见上面第二个例句),但其义和by the end of有所不同。
试对比下面两例:
at the end of January一月底(指一月份的最后一天)
by the end of January一月底之前(指一月份结束前的几天)
We are to complete the task by the end of the year.年底之前我们必须完成此项任务。
Their communication is at an end.他们的交往到此为止。
3.短语 in the end的涵义是“终于”、“最后”,其义相当于 at last。例句:
I'm sure everything will turn out satisfactory in the end.我确信,最后一切都会令人满意的。
In the end things will mend.船到桥头自会直。
十三、another和the other 的区别
这两个词都表示“另一个”的意思,但涵义和使用场合不同。Another是指不定数目中的“另一个”;the other是指两个人或两样事物中的“另一个”。例:
Have another piece of cake.再吃一块饼吧。
Please fatch another cup for me.请替我另拿一个杯子来。
That's quite another matter.那完全是另一回事。
Both my uncles are abroad,one in Paris and the other in New York.我的两个叔叔都在国外,一个在巴黎,另一个在纽约。
One of them is yours;the other is mine.一个是你的,另一个是我的。
【注意】1.当我们在两样事物中任选一样时,应用one or the other;在三样或三样以上任选一样时,应用 one or other或one or another。
在someone,somehow,somewhere等字后,只能用other,不能用another。
例句:
We'll have to do it somehow or other.
2.在下列短语中,other也不能改作another:
some kind or other
some way or other
3.反之,用one时,则用another,
例如:one way or another。
4.在only之后,指唯一的就用one或other而不用another。
例如:This is the only one/other stile to cross before we reach the wood.
5.当others和some对比使用在一个句子中,others失去“其他的”意义,而是表示“有的”或“有些”之义,相当于句中前面的some。例如:
Some like this,others like that.有些人喜欢这个,自些人喜欢那个。
Some cleaned the blackboards,others mopped the floor.有些人擦黑板,有些人拖地板。
十四、介词about, around, round的用法区别
1. 表示“在……周围”,三者常可互换。如:
They sat about [round, around] the fire. 他们围火而坐。
2. 表示“到处”,三者常可互换。如:
He travelled about [round, around] the world. 他周游了全世界。
3. 用在数字之前表示“大约”,一般用 about 或 around。如:
It costs about [around] ten dollars. 它大约要花 10 美元。
There are about [around] 30 bookstores in the city. 这座城里大约有 30 家书店。
4. 表示把某物分给一群人中的每一个时,可用 round 或 around,而不用 about。如:
Will you hand round [around] the papers 请你把考卷分发一下,好吗
但是通常不说:Will you hand about the papers
十五、不定代词all和both的区别与用法
all和both的用法
1、both和all和be动词、助动词、情态动词连用时,在它们之后。和实义动词连用时在实义动词之前。如:
They are both students.他们都是学生。
They both ran away.他们两人都跑走了。
They are both working hard.他们两人都努力工作。
You can all go home.你们都可以回家了。
2、both和all跟"of 短语"连用时,后接名词时both和all可以省略of;后接代词时,both和all不能省略。例如:
Both of them are workers.他们两人都是工人。
All(of) the students are ready for class.所有的学生都做好了上课准备。
3、all的句法功能
all "都,三者或三者以上都"。具有名词和形容词的性质,在句中都可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和同位语。既能修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名词。代替不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,代替复数可数名词时,谓语动词用复数。
1) 作主语
All enjoyed themselves.(可数)所有的人都玩的很开心。
Now all was changed.(不可数)现在一切都改变了。
2) 作宾语
It is hard to please all.想要取悦所有的人是难以做到的。
3) 作表语
Is that all you want to say 你要说的就是这么一些?
4) 作定语
Granddad hunted all winter long but could not clear debt.爷爷整个冬天都在打猎可还是无法还清债务。
5) 作同位语
We all have troubles.(可数)我们大家都有难处。
However I can discuss this all when I see you.(不可数)
无论如何,我们见面的时候这一切都是可以讨论的。
4、both的用法
both“两者都”。具有名词和形容词的性质,在句中只可作主语、宾语、定语和同位语E。只能修饰复数的可数名词。作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。
1) 作主语
Both felt that they had become very friendly.他们两人都感觉到变得非常亲密了。
2) 作宾语
Why not use both 两个都用吧。
3) 作定语
Both men were interested in the job.两个人都对这项工作感兴趣。
4) 作同位语
They both refused to surrender.他们两人都拒绝投降。
all和both的区别
all代表或修饰两个以上的人或事物,或不可数的东西。可以做主语、表语、同位语和定语。如:
All of us like to eat potato chips.(作主语)
We all like to eat potato cjips.(作同位语)我们所有的人都喜欢吃薯条。
You have not eaten all (of) the bread.你的面包没有吃完。
both是指“两者都……”;而all是指“三个或三个以上的人或物都……”,可以作主语、宾语、同位语和定语。注意它们的区别:
例句:They were all waiting outside the gate.他们(三个以上)都在大门外等着。
They were both waiting outside the gate.他们两个都在大门外等着。
十六、however与but 的用法区别
两者均可表示转折或对比,意为“但是”、“可是”、“然而”等,但有区别:
1. 表示转折时,but 是连词。如:
He is young but very experienced. 他虽年轻,但经验很丰富。
He has three daughters but no sons. 他有3 个女儿,但没有儿子。
He likes sports, but his wife likes music. 他喜欢运动,而他妻子则喜欢音乐。
2. however 表示“然而”、“可是”时,有的词书认为它是连词,有的词书认为它是副词。之所以将其视为副词,也许是因为像许多副词一样不仅能位于句首,而且能位于句中(注意前后使用逗号),甚至句末 (注意其前也用逗号)。如:
Later, however, he changed his mind. 可是他后来改变了主意。
He hasn't arrived. He may, however, come later. 他还没有到,不过他等会儿可能会来。
He said that it was so; he was mistaken, however. 他说情况如此,可是他错了。
【注意】:以上各例中的 however 不能换成 but,但可用 but 来改写。如:
He said that it was so, but he was mistaken. 他说情况如此,可他错了。
3. 当连接两个句子时,其前通常应用分号,或另起新句。如:
It's raining hard; however, I think we should go out. / It's raining hard. However, I think we should go out. 雨下得很大,但我想我们还得出去。
【注意】:上例中的 however 不能换成 but,但可用 but 来改写 (注意所用标点的变化)。如:
It's raining hard, but I think we should go out.
十七、when, while, as的用法区别
三者可表示“当……时候”,区别如下:
1.若主句表示的是一个短暂性动作,从句表示的是一个持续性动作,三者都可用:
He fell asleep when [while, as] he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。
【注意】as 用于引出一个持续性动词表示“在……期间”时,其谓语通常只能是那些含有动作(action)和发展(development) 意味的动词,一般不能是那些不用于进行时态的动词(如 be, seem, love, want, agree, see, know, have 等),所以下面一句中的 while 不能换为 as:
A:I'm going to the post office. 我要去邮局。
B:While you're there, can you get me some stamps 当你在邮局时,能帮我买几张邮票吗
2.若主、从句表示两个同时进行的持续性动作,且强调主句表示的动作延续到从句所指的整个时间,通常要用 while:
Don't talk while you're eating. 吃饭时不要说话。
I kept silent while he was writing. 在他写的时候,我默不作声。
但是,若主从句表示的两个同时进行的动作含有“一边…一边”之意思,通常用 as:
She sang as she went along. 她边走边唱。
3.若从句是一个短暂性动作,主句是一个持续性动作,可用 as / when 但不用 while:
It was raining hard when [as] we arrived. 我们到达时正下着大雨。
4.若主从句表示的是两个同时(或几乎同时)发生的短暂性动作,用 as / when:
I thought of it just when [as] you opened your mouth. 就在你要说的时候,我也想到了。
5.若要表示两个正在发展变化的情况,相当于汉语的“随着”,一般用 as:
Things are getting better and better as time goes on. 随着时间的推移,情况越来越好。
As it grew darker, it became colder. 天色越晚,天气越冷。
6.表示“每当…的时候”(暗示一种规律性),一般要用 when:
It's cold when it snows. 下雪时天冷。
He smiles when you praise him. 你夸奖他时他总是笑笑。
7.若主从句所表示的动作不是同时发生,而是有先后顺序时,一般要用 when:
I will go home when he comes back. 他回来时,我就回家去。
8.when 可用作并列连词,表示“这时(突然)”;while 也可以用作并列连词,表示“而”、“却”(表示对比);但 as 则没有类似用法:
We were about to start when it began to rain. 我们正要出发,这时天开始下雨了。
He likes coffee, while she likes tea. 他喜欢咖啡,而她却喜欢茶。
9.as 后可直接跟一个名词,构成省略句,但 while, when 很少这样用:
As [When] a boy, he lived in Japan. 他小时候在日本。
10.when 和 while 后可接现在分词、介词短语、形容词等构成省略句,但 as 一般不这样用:
When [While] reading, he fell asleep. 他看书时睡着了。
When [While] in trouble, ask her for help. 遇到麻烦的时候你就去找她帮忙。
十八、although与though的用法区别
1.用作连词,表示“虽然”,两者大致同义,可换用,只是 although 比 though 更为正式:
Though [Although] it was raining,we went there. 虽然下着雨,但我们还是去了那儿。
Though [Although] it was barely four o'clock, the lights were already on. 尽管才四点钟,灯已经亮了。
Though [Although] we are poor, we are still happy. 我们虽然穷,仍然很快活。
2.用作副词,although 一般不用作副词,而 though 可用作副词,且一般放在句末(不放在句首),意为“可是”、“不过”:
It's hard work; I enjoy it though. 工作很辛苦,可是我乐意干。
He is looking fit, though. 但他看起来很健康。
You can count on him, though. 不过你可以指靠他。
3.用于习语
在 as though(好像,仿佛),even though(即使,纵然)等固定短语中不能用 although:
She closed her eyes as though she were tired. 她闭上眼,仿佛很疲劳似的。
十九、thank和thanks的用法区别
1. 在现代英语中,thank用作名词表示“感谢”时,只用复数形式,不用单数形式。
例如:
Thanks for listening. 谢谢收听。
We expressed our thanks.我们表达了自己的谢意。
My wife also asks to join her greeting and thanks. 我妻子也要我顺致她的问候和感谢。
若要加语气,名词thanks有时可用many, a thousand等修饰。
如:
A thousand thanks for your invitation. 非常感谢你的邀请。
Many thanks for your letter of 17 March. 非常感谢您3月17日的来信。
【注意】:汉语中说“多谢”,英语可说成Thanks. / Many thanks. / Thanks a lot. / Thanks very much. 等。但是,根据英语习惯,我们可以说Thanks a lot,却不能说:Thank you a lot.
2. 比较以下thank用作动词的用法:
Each of them phoned to thank me. 他们每个人都打电话来向我道谢。
No more tea, thank you, I've had my fill. 谢谢你,不要再添茶了,我已经喝足了。
There's no need to thank me—I was only doing my job. 不用谢——这是我应做的工作。
二十、few, little, a few, a little 的区别
(a) few + 可数名词, (a) little + 不可数名词
a few / a little 为肯定含义,还有一点
few / little 为否定含义,没有多少了。
例句:
He has a few friends.他有几个朋友。
He has few friends.他几乎没有朋友。
We still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。
There is little time left.几乎没剩下什么时间了。
【典型例题】
Although he 's wealthy,he spends___ on clothes.
A. little  B. few C. a little  D. a few
答案: A. spend所指的是钱,不可数,只能用little或 a little. 本句为although引导的让步状语从句,由句意知后句为否定含义,因此应用little表示几乎不。
固定搭配:
only a few (=few)  not a few (=many)  quite a few (=many)
many a (=many)
例句:Many books were sold.
Many a book was sold.卖出了许多书。
二十一、try doing/to do的区别
try to do sth.努力,企图做某事。try doing sth.试验,试着做某事。
例句:You must try to be more careful.你可要多加小心。
I tried gardening but didn't succeed.我试着种果木花卉,但未成功。
二十二、no more…than与not more…than区别
1. no more than 表示“仅仅”、“只有”(= only),强调少;而 not more than 表示“不多于”、“至多”(= at most)。如:
He is no more than an ordinary English teacher. 他只不过是个普通的英文老师。
He has no more than three children. 他只有 3 个孩子。
He has not more than three children. 他最多 3 个孩子(有或许还不到 3 个之意)。
2. 用于比较两件事物时,no more ... than 表示对两者都否定,意为“同……一样不”(=neither ... nor);而 not more ... than 指两者虽都具有某种特征,但程度不同,意为“不如”、“不及”(= not so ... as)。如:
He is no more a writer than a painter. 他不是画家,也不是作家(= He is neither a painter nor a writer)。
A whale is no more a fish than a horse is. 马不是鱼,鲸也不是鱼(=Neither a horse nor a whale is a fish)。
She is not more clever than he is. 她不如他聪明(= She is not so clever as he is)。
【练习】
You are _____ careful than your brother. You two can’t do the work that needs care and skill.
A. not more B. no more
C. not less D. no less
解析:容易误选A。要做对此题,首先要正确理解以下结构的含义:
not more … than = 不如……
no more … than = 和……一样不 (否定两者)
not less … than = 不如……不 (即指不如 less 后形容词的反面)
no less … than = 和……一样 (肯定两者)
比较以下各句的意思:
You are more careful than he is. 你比他仔细。
You are not more careful than he is. 你不如他仔细。
You are no more careful than he is. 你和他一样不仔细。
You are less careful than he is. 你不如他仔细(你比他粗心)。
You are not less careful than he is. 你比他仔细(你不如他粗心)。
You are no less careful than he is. 你和他一样仔细。
通过以上分析,再结合句子语境,可知此题最佳答案为B。
二十三、in,put on,wear,dress,have on,pull on辨析
都含有“穿、戴”之意,但用法不同。
1.in是介词,后接表示衣服或颜色的词,着重于服装的款式或颜色。它所构成的短语只能作表语或定语。例如:
This is a picture of a young man in a black coat.
这是一张穿着黑色外套的年轻人的照片。这里in a blackcoat是young man的定语。
He is in a black nylon jacket today. 今天他穿着黑色尼龙夹克。
In a black nylon jacket在这个句子里作表语。
2.put on “穿上、戴上”,强调“穿”“戴”的动作,后接衣服、鞋帽等。例如:
I want you to put on this coat and this hat.
我要你穿这件外套,戴这顶帽子。
Put on your heavy winter coat if you are going out.
如果你要出去,穿上你的厚冬衣。
pull on的意思也是“穿上”,带有“匆忙”的意思:
It's the weekend. I know you're free. So pull on your jeans and come out with me.
现在是周末,我知道你有空。所以穿上你的牛仔裤,和我一起出去吧。
You're late! Quickly pull on your clothes and leave! 你迟到了!快穿上衣服走吧!
3.wear “穿着;戴着”,表示状态,宾语可以是衣帽,也可以是饰物、奖章等。例如:
You'd better wear blue or black pants with blown shoes.
穿棕色鞋子的时候, 最好要穿蓝色或黑色裤子。
Why does he often wear dark sunglasses 他为什么经常戴着深色的太阳镜
4.dress的宾语通常是人,意思是“给……穿衣服”。dress oneself 或 get dressed表示给自己穿衣服。例如:
My son is now able to dress himself. 我儿子现在自己会穿衣服了。
It's time to wake up and get dressed! 该起床穿衣服了。
be dressed in 的意思是“穿着”,表示状态。
She is dressed in a fur coat. 她穿着毛皮大衣。
5.dress up的意思是“盛装打扮、乔装打扮”。
I'd like you to dress up for my birthday party tonight.
今晚我希望你为我的生日派对打扮打扮。
Young kids often dress up and have fun at Halloween.
万圣节前夜,小孩子通常都乔装打扮,玩得很开心。
6.have on的意思是“穿着,戴着”,例如:
If you're wearing black pants you should have on black shoes and a black belt.
如果你穿着黑色长裤的话,你应该要穿黑色的鞋子,配黑色的皮带。
I'll have on black pants and a gray shirt tomorrow.
明天我会穿一条黑色的长裤和一件灰色的衬衫。
二十四、not until和until的用法区别
not until和until两者皆可接延续性动词和暂短性动词.
not...until指的是“直到...才”的意思
例如:I did not go home until my mother called me.我直到我妈妈打电话给我才回家.
not until的倒装与强调结构
1.当Not until位于句首时,句子要倒装.其结构为:Not until+从句/表时间的词+助动词+(主句)主语+谓语+.如:
①Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.直到老师进来学生们才停止讲话.
②Not until next week will the sports meet be held.直到下周才开运动会.
2. not until的强调结构为:It is / was not until+从句/表时间的词+that+.
上面两句改为强调句为:
③It was not until the teacher came in that the students stopped talking.
④It is not until next week that the sports meet will be held.
直到我结婚的时候,我才有钱买了自己的房子.
It was not until I got married that I could afford to buy a house of my own.
而until指“直到”.例如:
Go alone the street until you see the traffic light.往前走,直到你看见交通灯.
二十五、make sb do sth 和make sb done 的区别
make sb done .考察make 的使动用法。意思是使某人被。。。
make sb.do .考察 do表“主动用法。意思是,主语叫某人做某事
例如:Mike's mother made him stayed at home because it was raining heavily。
Mike 呆在家里不是自愿的,所以是被他妈妈留在家里的(一定注意这时的主语是Mike's mother ,而不是Mike,所以用被动)
The boss made the workers do the work all day.老板迫使工人们整天干活
二十六、advice 和 suggestion 的用法区别
advice 和 suggestion 均可表示“建议”,其区别是:
advice 指的是一种具有较强实用性和可操作性“建议”(通常译为“劝告”“忠告”),它是针对某人的某一具体情况(或特定情况)所给出的最佳行动方案。
例如:
The lawyer gave me some helpful advice. 律师给我提供了一些有用的建议。
Ask for advice at your local family planning clinic. 到当地的计划生育门诊部去咨询一下。
He refused to sign the contract on the advice of his lawyer. 根据律师的忠告,他拒绝在合同上签字。
We don't know what to do, so we will seek our father's advice. 我们不知道该怎么办,因此我们要征求父亲的建议。
He is financially independent of his parents but still asks for their advice. 在经济上他已经自立,可他仍然征求父母的意见。
Invariably, her advice is excellent; we always do what she says. 她的建议总是很好,我们总是照她说的去做。
Local firefighters will help colleagues in Eastern Europe by providing advice and equipment. 当地的消防队员将会提供建议和设备来帮助东欧的同行们。
2、suggestion 仅是提出一个供人参考的想法或计算。请注意体会以下例句:
Your suggestion merits serious consideration. 你的建议值得认真考虑。
Neither suggestion was taken up by the assembly. 两个建议未得到会议的采纳。
I integrated your suggestion with my plan. 我把你的建议和我的计划融合在一起了。
They rejected my suggestion because it was too expensive. 他们拒绝了我的建议,因为费用过高。
I'll agree to your suggestion if you lower the price. 如果你们降低价钱,我就同意你们的建议。
The suggestion that shops should open on Sundays led to a heated discussion. 关于商店星期日也应该营业的提议,引起了激烈的争论。
I suggested that she should look for a lob but this suggestion did not go down at all well. 我建议她去找个工作,可是这个主意她根本听不进。
The older members of the committee are inclined to veto any suggestions put forward by the younger ones. 委员会的老成员们趋向于否决年轻成员们提出的任何建议。
3、从语法方面看,它们也有区别:
比如从可数性上看:adivce 表示“建议”时是一个典型的不可数名词,但 suggestion 表示提出建议的行为时是不可数的,但它表示所提议或建议的内容时则是可数的。
又如从搭配上看:表示“提建议”,advice 通常与动词 give (sb) , offer (sb) , pass on, provide (sb with) 等搭配,表示“给(某人)提出忠告”“(给某人)提出建议”等;而 suggestion 则通常与动词 come up with, give sb, make, offer, put forward 等搭配。注意它们有些搭配是相同的,但有些搭配是不一样的,比如我们可以说 make a suggestion,但通常就不说 make an advice。
二十七、raise和rise的区别和用法
1. Raise和rise都有“上升”的意思,记住下面2句话:
Raise是及物动词,后面必须有宾语,就是“某人把某物举起来”。
Rise是不及物动词,后面不能加宾语,也就是说“某人、某物自己升起来”。
比如:
He raised his right hand. 他举起了右手。(是他把手举起来的,所以用raise)
I raised the box above my head. 我把盒子举过了头顶。(盒子是我举起的,所以用raise)
The waves rose and fell. 波浪起起伏伏。(波浪是自己动的,所以用rise)
Smoke rose into the sky. 空中升起了烟。(烟也是自己飘的,所以用rise)
2. Raise和rise都有“增长”的意思,同样地:
Raise是及物动词,后面必须有宾语。
Rise是不及物动词,后面不能加宾语。
比如:
We will have to raise our fees. 我们需要提高费用。(raise后面一定要有宾语)
Prices are rising rapidly. 价格快速上涨。(rise后面一定不能有宾语)
3. 在英式英语里,raise只能作动词、不能做名词,rise既可以作动词、也可以作名词
比如:He asked for a pay rise.
在美语里,raise则可以作名词,表示“加薪”。
比如:She offered me a raise.
【练习】
We ___ our heads to watch the sun ___ over the bridge.
A. raise / rise B. rise / raise
We raised our heads to watch the sun rise over the bridge. 我们抬起头,望着太阳从桥上升起。(我们的头当然要我们抬起来,所以用raise;太阳是自己升升落落的,所以用rise。)
二十八、because与because of的用法区别
1、从词性上看
because 是连词,其后接句子;because of 是复合介词,其后接名词、代词、动名词、what 从句等。
例如:
I didn't buy it because it was too expensive. 我没有买是因为它太贵了。
He is here because of you (that). 他为你(那事)而来这里。
He lost his job because of his age. 由于年龄关系他失去了工作。
We said nothing about it, because of his wife's being there. 因为他妻子在那儿,我们对此只字未提。
He knew she was crying because of what he had said. 他知道她哭是因为他说的话。
【注意】:because of 之后可接 what 从句,但不能接 that 从句或没有引导词的句子。如:
他因病未来。
误:He didn't come because of he was ill.
误:He didn't come because of that he was ill.
正:He didn't come because he was ill.
正:He didn't come because of his illness.
比较以下同义句:
他离开了这家公司,是因为老板在会上讲的话。
正:He left the company because of what the boss said at the meeting.
正:He left the company because of the thing that the boss said at the meeting.
我不能因为有个家就停止斗争。
正:I can't stop fighting because I have a family.
正:I can't stop fighting because of having a family.
2、从用法上看
because 所引导的从句除用作原因状语外,还可用作表语。如:
It is because he loves you. 那是因为他爱你。
而复合介词 because of 所引导的介词短语通常用作状语而不用作表语。如:
他因雨缺席。
误:His absence was because of the rain.
正:His absence was due to the rain.
正:He was absent because of the rain.
但是有时若主语是代词(不是名词),也可以用 because of 引出的短语作表语。如:
It is just because of money. 那只是因为钱的原因。
That was because of his sickness. 那是因为他生病的原因。
二十九、except与except for的区别
except主要用来谈论同类的东西,而except for则主要用来谈论不同类的东西,在说明情况后作细节上的修正,有时含有惋惜之意。
例如:
We had a pleasant time, except for the weather. 我们玩得很高兴,只是天气不太好。
2.用于句首,此时只用except for,不用except。如:
Except for Jim, everyone went there. 除吉姆外,大家都去了。
两者可以互换的场合
3.当用于all, every, no, everything, anybody, nobody, nowhere, whole等表示概括性的词语后面时,两者可互换。
例如:
You couldn't hear anything except (for) the noise of Louise typing. 除了路易丝打字的声音外,你什么也听不到。
4.但是下面一句要用except for,因为其前没有上面提到的概括性的词语:
The house was quiet except for the noise of Louise typing. 除了路易丝打字的声音外,房里安安静静的。
三十、worth, worthy, worthwhile用法区别
worth表示“值,值得”,可用表语或后置定语,其后一定要有名词或动名词作宾语,但不能接不定式。
例如:
The book is worth $ 100.这本书值100元。
The book is worth reading.这本书值得看。
This is a book worth reading.这是一本值得读的书。
worthy表示“应得,配得上,值得”,常作表语或后置定语,后接不定式,或of加名词或动名词。
例如:
His behaviour is worthy of great praise. 他的行为应受到高度赞扬。
I think he is not worthy of her. 我认为他配不上她。
The book is worthy of being read. = The book is worthy to be read.这体书值得读。
This is a book worthy of being read. = This is a book worthy to be read.这是一本值得读的书。
worthwhile表示“值得的,值得干的,值得花时间/金钱/精力的”,可作定语、表语或宾补。
例如:
Nursing is a very worthwhile career. 护理是很值得干的职业。(定语)
The visit to Paris is worthwhile. 去巴黎访问是值得的。(表语)
I think it worthwhile to read the book. 我认为看那本书是值得的。(宾补)
还可用于It is worthwhile doing /to do sth. 句型。如:
It is worthwhile reading /to read the book.= Reading /To read is worthwhile.这本书值得看。
有时可在worth与while之间插入one's。如:
The work is worth your while. 这工作值得你去做。
It is worth our while to discuss the question. 这个问题值得我们讨论。
Make it worth sb.'s while 酬谢某人。如:
They promised to make it worth her while if she would take part. 他们许诺说她要是参加,就给她报酬。