初中英语常见单词短语词义和用法辨析(35组)

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名称 初中英语常见单词短语词义和用法辨析(35组)
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更新时间 2022-10-15 21:36:00

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常见单词短语词义和用法辨析
die of与die from有何区别
表示死的原因,其后通常接介词of或from, 其区别大致为:
若死因存在于人体之上或之内(主要指疾病、衰老等自身的原因),一般用介词 of。
如:die of illness (heart trouble, cancer, a fever, etc) 死于疾病(心脏病、癌症、发烧等)
若死因不是存在人体之内或之上,而是由环境造成的(主要指事故等方面的外部原因),一般用介词 from。
如:die from an earthquake (a traffic accident, a lightning, a stroke, etc) 死于地震(交通事故、雷击等)
若死因是环境影响到体内,即两方面共有的原因,则可用 of, from 均可。
如:die of [from] a drink ( a wound, overwork, starvation, hunger and cold, etc) 死于饮酒(受伤、劳累过度、饥饿、饥寒等)
但是在实际运用中,两者混用的情况较多。
cost pay spend的用法辨析
(一)、辨主语
虽然三者均可表示“花费”,但所用主语不同:cost 的主语通常是事或物(包括形式主语 it),不能是人;spend 的主语只能是人,不能是事或物;take 的主语可以是事或物(包括形式主语 it),也可以是人。如:
The computer cost (me) $2000. 这台电脑花了(我) 2000 美元。
It costs $1000 a year to run a car. 使用一辆车每年要花1000美元。
I have spent all day looking for you. 我花了一整天找你。
It took me an hour to write the letter. 我写这封信花了一个小时。
The letter took me an hour (to write). (译文同上)
I took an hour to write the letter. (译文同上)
注:若 cost 不是表示“花费”,而是表示客观上地或被动地“耗费”,则也可用人作主语。如:
Smokers cost the government a lot of money every year. 抽烟的人每年要耗费政府不少钱。
(二)、辨宾语
cost 的宾语通常是钱,take 的宾语通常是时间,而 spend 的宾语则可以是时间或钱。如:
How much did it cost to build the bridge 建这座桥花了多少钱
It took her two hours to walk to the station. 走路去车站花了她两小时。
He spends much time (money) on books. 他花了很多时间读(钱买)书。
注:cost 有时也用于时间,但通常只用于笼统时间(一般不用于具体明确的时间)。如:
Making experiments like this costs much time and labour. 做这样的实验要花很多时间和劳力。   按传统语法,take 的宾语通常是时间,但在现代英语中,用钱作其宾语的现象已很普遍。如:   It takes a lot of money to buy a house. 买一座房子要花一大笔钱。
(三)、辨句型
从句型结构来看。三者的通常句型为:
sth costs (sb) money 某物花某人多少钱
it costs (sb) money to do sth 做某事花某人多少钱
sb spends time (money) on sth 某人在某一方面花多少钱
sb spends time (money) in [on] doing sth 某人在做某事方面花多少钱
it takes sb time (money) to do sth = it takes time (money) for sb to do sth 做某事花某人多少时间或钱
sth takes sb time (money) to do 某事花某人多少时间或钱去做
sb takes time (money) to do 某人花多少时间或钱去做某事
(四)、辨语态
三者在表示“花费”时,cost 不能用于被动语态,take 通常不用于被动语态,而 spend 则可以用于被动语态。如:
误:Thirty dollars was cost by the coat.   误:Two hours was taken to do the work.
正:Two hours was spent on the work. 做这工作花了两个小时。
(五)、辨引申
三者均可用于比喻用法中,但含义不同:
1. cost 指付出代价(劳力、麻烦、精力、生命等)。如:
Careless driving will cost you your life. 粗心开车会要你的命。
Just ring him up. It'll cost you nothing. 给他打个电话,这不费什么事。
2. spend 表示“消耗”“用完”。如:
I'll spend no more breath on him. 我不会再和他费唇舌。
He spent great efforts to help me. 他费了很大的劲儿来帮我。
3. take 表示需要人力(精力、劳力等)。如:
It takes patience. 做这工作需要耐心。
It takes two to make a quarrel. 一个巴掌拍不响。
It took three men to lift the box. 抬这个箱子要 3 个人。
much too与too much的用法区别
请看下面的句子:
The problem is __________ difficult. You needn't spend __________ time on it.
A. too much, much too B. much too, too much
C. too much, too much D. much too, much too
此题应选B。此题主要涉及too much和much too的区别。如:
1. much too是too的强势语,用法与too相同。如:
You are much too kind to me. 你对我实在太好了。
This one is much too big. 这个确实太大了。
This kind of computer is much too expensive. 这种电脑太贵了。
He is much too busy to see visitors. 他太忙,不能会见客人。
The coat I bought yesterday was much too large. 我昨天买的那件衣服太大了。
2. too much是much的强势语,用法与much相似。如。如:
Don't eat too much. 别吃得太多。
There's too much water. 水太多了。
You have given me too much. 你已经给我太多了。
Don't drink too much wine. It is harmful to yourhealth. 不要喝太多的酒,这对你的身体有害。
3. 有时too much还用于这样的结构 be too much for, 意为“对……来说太难或太过分”、“非……力所能及”等。如:
I'm afraid the trip was too much for her. 我怕她旅途太劳累了。
His parents' expectation was too much for him. 他父母对他的期望太高了。
awake, wake, awaken, waken用法区别
这几个词在使用时经常搞混,其区别大致可从以下几方面去看:
1. 从词形变换来看:wake 和 awake 的过去式和过去分词可以是规则的(waked, waked 和 awaked, awaked),也可以是不规则的(woke, woken 和 awoke, awoken),但在现代英语中通常只用其不规则变换形式。
2. 从是否及物来看:从理论上说,这四个动词都可用作及物或不及物动词;但从实际使用上看,wake 和 awake 多用作不及物动词,而 waken,awaken 多用作及物动词。
3. 从是否连用副词 up 来看:wake 通常可与 up 连用,waken 可以与 up 连用,而 awake 和 awaken 则一般不与 up 连用。
4. 从是否用于比喻义来看:awake 和 awaken 尽管可以用于本义表示“醒来”或“弄醒”,但更多是用于比喻义表示“认识到”、“意识到”等;wake (up) 通常用于本义,也可用于比喻义;但 waken 则主要用于本义,一般不用于比喻义。
5.从词性上看:awake 除用作动词外,还可用作形容词(只用作表语,意为“醒着的”、“意识到”),而其余三个词通常用作动词,不能用作形容词。如:
He is wide awake. 他还没有一点睡意。
They aren’t awake to the difficuties. 他们没有意识到这些困难。
注:形容词 awake 通常用 wide,fully 等修饰,一般不用 very 修饰。
6. 从用词的通俗性来看:在这四个动词中,wake (up) 是最普通也是最不正式的一个词。如果只考虑其正确性而不考虑其普通性,有时一个意思可能有多种表达:
He woke up [awoke, wakened, wakened up, awakened] when I entered. 当我进来时他醒了。
The sound woke [wakened] him up. / The sound awoke [awakened] him. 这声音把他吵醒了。
They haven’t yet woken up [awoken, awakened] to the seriousness of the situation. 他们还没意识到形势的严重性。
fool与foolish的用法区别
(一)、fool的用法
1. 用作名词,表示“傻子”,通常为可数名词。如:
I do feel a fool. 我的确觉得自己是个傻子。
但是,在be fool enough to do sth结构中,fool具有形容词的性质,不可数,其前不用冠词。如:
I was fool enough to believe him. 我竟然相信他,真够傻的。
He was fool enough to tell them everything. 他真傻,把一切事情都告诉他们了。
2. 用作动词,表示“愚弄”“欺骗”,总是及物的。如:
She fooled that man. 她骗了那个人。
要表示“欺骗某人做某事”,可用fool sb into doing sth,习惯上不说fool sb to do sth。如:
I was fooled into believing their promises. 我被骗得相信了他们的承诺。
(二)、foolish的用法
1. 比较同义句型:
It was foolish of her to say such a thing.=She was foolish to say such a thing. 她说出那样的话来,真是太蠢了。
He was foolish to leave his car unlocked.=He was so foolish as to leave his car unlocked. 他真傻,车都没有锁。
2. foolish, stupid, silly的区别:foolish指无头脑,缺乏常识或判断力,相当汉语的“愚蠢”;stupid指智力、理解力或学习能力很差,相当汉语的“笨”;silly指头脑简单,傻头傻脑或令人发笑,相当于汉语的“傻”。如:
She is a silly woman, but not a stupid one. 她是个头脑简单的女人,但不能算笨。
friend与friendly的搭配对比
(一)、friend的搭配
以下各搭配中的friends习惯上要用复数,即使with后接的是单数名词也一样:
1. be friends with 与……友好,跟……做朋友
Paul is friends with Bill. 保罗与比尔有交情。
Alice found several girls to be friends with on the first day of school. 爱丽丝上学第一天就和几个女孩交上了朋友。
2. keep friends (with sb) (与某人)保持友好关系
I think we should keep friends (with her). 我想我们应该(与她)保持友好关系。
3. make friends (with sb) (与某人)交朋友
He has a pleasant manner, and finds it easy to make friends. 他态度随和,因此交友很容易。
You can make friends with an elephant by giving him peanuts. 把花生给象吃就能使它对你友好。
(二)、friendly 的搭配
1. 表示“对某人友好”,其后接介词to [towards]。如:
He is not very friendly to [towards] newcomers. 他对新来的人不太友好。
表示“与某人要好(或关系亲密)”,其后接介词with。如:
She gets free tickets to the theatre because she’s friendly with the manager. 她可得到剧院的赠票,因为她跟经理很友好。
2. It’s friendly of sb (to do sth) 为英语惯用句式,其意为“某人(做某事)很友好”,注意其中的介词of不能换成for。如:
It’s very friendly of you. 你真好。
It wasn’t very friendly of you to slam the door in his face. 你冲着他摔门太伤和气了。
注意:虽以-ly结尾,却是形容词(可用作定语或表语),不是副词(不用作状语),如:
她总是友好地向我打招呼。
误:She always greets me friendly.
正:She always greets me in a friendly way
such as与for example的用法区别
(一)、两者的用法共同点
such as与for example均可用于表示举例,有时可互换。如:
Some sports, such as (=for example) motor racing, can be dangerous. 有些体育运动,比如赛车,有时是很危险的。
My wife likes social activities, such as (=for example) tennis and golf. 我妻子喜爱社交活动,如打网球和高尔夫球等。
(二)、两者的用法不同点
such as除表示举例外,还可表示诸如此类,意思是“像……这样的”“诸如……之类的”,此时不宜与for example互换(但可与表示诸如此类意思的like互换)。如:
Opportunities such as (=like) this did not come every day. 这样的机会不是天天都有的。
Avoid unhealthy foods such as (=like) hamburger and chips. 不要吃汉堡和薯条之类的不健康食品。
另外,such as有时可分开用,但for example不能分开用。如:
The disease attacks such animals as cats and dogs. 这种病只侵袭像猫狗一类的动物。(比较:The disease attacks animals such as cats and dogs.)
(三)、两者位置的不同点
such as用于举例时,总是跟在被说明的内容之后,不能独立成句,也不能用于句首或句末,其后也不能用逗号,但for example可以。如:
Each situation is different. For example, a man with a rich wife doesn't have to work. 情况各有不同,例如,娶了有钱妻子的男人就不必工作。
You make too many mistakes—lots of spelling mistakes, for example. 你的错误太多——比如,有好多拼法错误。
【练习】用such as, for example, like填空:
1. After talking about the job in general, we got down to the specifics, ________ the salary.
2. Carmakers use robots to do unpleasant jobs, ________ painting cars in hot conditions.
3. There is a real risk of injury in sports ________ climbing.
4. There are many big cities in Europe, ________, London, Paris and Rome.
5. ________, we are to have less clothes, coal and food even than we have had and less petrol than we expected.
6. I know many women who have a career and a family Alison ________.
7. Great men have risen from poverty—Lincoln and Edison, ________.
8. Many young people are taking radio courses in English. There is the boy next door, ________.
参考答案:1. such as / for example 2. such as / for example 3. such as / like 4. for example 5. For example 6. for example 7. for example 8. for example
pleasant,pleasing,pleased的用法区别
总的说来,pleasant 和 pleasing 表示客观上的“令人高兴或愉快的”,指的是被修饰名词给别人的感觉;而 pleased 表示的是主观上“感到高兴或愉快的”,指的是被修饰名词自身的感觉。具体说来有以下区别:
1. pleasant 主要有两方面用法:一是用来说明事物,表示“令人愉快的”或“舒适的”等;二是用来说明人,表示“友好的”、“讨人喜欢的”等。如:
The weather was cold, but the trip was pleasant. 虽然天气很冷,但旅途还是很愉快。
It was a pleasant surprise to see her again. 再次见到她真是又惊又喜。
Make an effort to be pleasant at the party. 在晚会上要尽力友善待人(或尽量使人高兴)。
2. pleasing 的用法与 pleasant 比较接近,有时可换用。如:
It's pleasant [pleasing] to the ear. 这很悦耳。
She is not very beautiful but very pleasant [pleasing]. 她不很漂亮,但很讨人喜欢。
两者的细微区别是:在说明事物时,pleasant 多指令人愉快的内在的、本质的东西,而 pleasing 多指外在的、表面的东西;说明人时,两者都可表示“讨人喜欢的”,但 pleasant 多指某人因有使人愉快的外表或热情的气质等而具有自然吸引力,相比之下 pleasing 则暗示有意识地去讨好别人或取悦别人。
3. pleased 主要用来说明人,表示“感到高兴或满意”。如:
The children were very pleased. 孩子们很高兴。
I'm very pleased at [about, with] your success. 我对你的成功感到满意。
We're very pleased that you've decided to go with us. 你决定同我们一起去我们很高兴。
比较:
a pleasant (pleasing) expression 令人愉快的表情
a pleased expression (感到)满意的表情
travel,trip,journey的用法区别
三者均可表示“旅行”,区别如下:
1. travel 泛指一般意义的旅行,是不可数名词。如:
He is fond of travel (= travelling). 他喜欢旅行。
Travel is much cheaper than it used to be. 现在旅行比过去便宜多了。
注:有时可用复数形式,主要指时间较长的各处旅行,此时通常有物主代词修饰,但是尽管用了复数形式,却不能与 many 或数词连用。如:
He's gone off on his travels again. 他又外出旅行了。
另外,travel 通常只是泛指旅行,而不特指某次具体的旅行,所以通常不说:How was your travel
2. journey 通常指远距离的陆地旅行,并且不一定要返回到出发地(即通常指单程)。如:
I wish you a pleasant journey. 祝你一路顺风。
He made a journey to Beijing. 他去北京旅行了。
注:journey 有时并不指真正意义的“旅行”,而只是表示走过一段距离。如:
How long is your journey to work 你上班要走多远
3. trip 通常指近距离的为了办事或消遣而进行旅行,并且往往要回到出发点(即指双程),不过有时 trip 也可指远距离的长途旅行,可与 journey 换用,比 journey 更通俗。如:
A:Where is John 约翰在哪里
B:He's on a trip to Shanghai. 他去上海旅行了。
He'll make a round-the-world trip. 他将周游世界。
continue与go on用法区别
两者均可表示“继续”,有时可互换。如:
The rain went on [contiuned] for three days. 雨连续下了 3 天。
This state of things cannot continue [go on] forever. 这种状况不能继续下去了。
两者区别如下:
1. go on 属普通用词,而 continue 则较正式。如:
Go on, please. 请说下去。
Now, the news continues in standard English. 现在用普通英语继续报告新闻。
2. continue 后可直接跟名词作宾语,而 go on 后需借助介词再接名词作宾语。如:
He continued [went on with] the story. 他继续讲故事。
continue 后接不定式或动名词均可,含义大致相同,均表示“不停地做某事”;而 go on 后接不定式或动名词含义区别较大,即 go on doing sth 意为“不停地做某事”(不中断)或“继续做某事”(中断后继续),go on to do sth 意为“(做完某事后)接着或继续做某事”。
比较:
The baby contiuned to cry [crying] all night. 婴儿哭了一夜。
You can't go on working all night without a rest. 你不能通宵工作而不休息。(无中断)
She nodded, smiled, and went on stitching. 她点了点头,笑了笑,又继续缝衣服。(中断后再继续)
Go on to do the other exerciese after you have finished this one. 你做完这个练习后,请接着做其他的练习。
【注意】:按传统语法,continue doing sth 只能表示不停地做某事,不能表示中断后继续做某事,但现代英语似乎已不完全遵循此规则。如 1995 年出版的《朗文当代英语辞典》就有这样一句:
They contiuned talking after the meal. 吃了饭后他们又继续谈。
4. continue 可用作连系动词,go on 不可这样用。如:
The weather continued fine. 天气一直很好。
The boat continued east. 船继续向东航行。
介词 in 与after的用法区别
1. in 与after 均可表示“在……之后”,与一段时间连用时,after表示以过去时间为起点的一段时间以后,因此通常与过去时连用。如:
After ten hours under sail, they reached dry land. 在航行10个小时后,他们上了岸。
After many hours of wandering in the forest the lost hikers felt hopeless. 在森林里瞎走了好几个小时后,迷路的徒步旅行者绝望了。
2. in 则表示从现在算起的一段时间以后,因此通常用于将来时或含有将来意义的句子。如:
Dinner will be ready in ten minutes. 晚饭10分钟后准备好。
I’ll meet you downstairs in ten minutes. 10分钟后我们楼下见。
See you in half an hour or so. 大约半小时后见。
The next programme starts in five minutes: in the meantime, here’s some music. 下一节目五分钟后开始,现在先播放些音乐。
3. 注意,after除与一段时间连用外,还可与一点时间连用,此时不能用介词in。注意,这样用的after也可以用于将来时。如:
I’ll come back after 4 o’clock. 我4点钟以后回来。
He came back after 4 o’clock. 他是4点种以后回来的。
Don’t stay out after 10 o’clock at night. 晚上10点以后不要在外面逗留。
The town is completely dead after 11 o’clock at night. 这个镇在晚上 11 点过后就变得就变得死寂一片。
4. 另外,after 可以与某些表示活动的名词连用,表示“在……之后”,而in不能这样用。如:
She is in the habit of resting after lunch. 她有午饭后休息一下的习惯。
Light refreshments will be served after the meeting. 会议之后有简单茶点招待。
brain与brains的用法区别
名词brain用于本义时,意思是“脑,大脑”,用于比喻义时,表示“头脑”“智力”“智能”等。brain用于本义的用法比较简单,但用于比喻义时,可以是可数或不可数名词,使用时很容易出错,归纳以下几点,希望引起注意。
(1) 单独使用时,通常用复数形式。如:
He’s good-looking, and he’s got brains. 他长得好看,而且有头脑。
You need brains to become a university professor. 当大学教授要有才智。
【注意】即使使用复数形式,仍表示单数意义(有的词典将brains看作是不可数名词);若用作主语,其后谓语通常要用单数。如:
Brains is more than just education. 有头脑不仅仅指受过教育。
注意,英语习惯上不说:He has brain.
(2) 受描绘性形容词修饰时,通常连用不定冠词。如:
She has an active brain. 她头脑灵活。
She has an excellent brain. 她很有头脑。
注意,英语习惯上不说:He has good brain.
(3) 连用物主代词时,用单数形式或复数形式均可。如:
Use your brain(s). 动动脑子吧。
My brain is too dull. 我的脑子太笨。
Where’s your brains 你的脑子到哪里去了(即你怎么不动动脑子)?
(4) 受much, little修饰时,从理论上说应该用单数形式,但在实际运用中,有时也可用复数形式(因为brains习惯上被视为不可数名词)。如:
He hasn’t got much brain. 他没什么头脑。
He has very little brains. 他没什么头脑。
other, others与another的用法区别
这些不定代词不仅在含义上有单复数之分,而且在用法上有泛指(无the)和特指(有the)之别。其用法区别可归纳如下:
(1) 指单数:若泛指用another,若特指用 the other。如:
Have another piece of chocolate. 再吃一块巧克力糖吧。
Give that wall another coat of paint. 给那面墙再刷一层油漆。
He wants a transfer to another job. 他想转换工作。
He killed the other man in a fight. 他在搏斗中杀死了对手。
The driver of the other car was a woman. 另一辆车的司机是女的。
This one is shorter than the other by three inches. 这一个比那一个短3英寸。
(2) 指复数:若泛指用other(后接复数名词),若特指用the other(后接复数名词)。如:
Other boys were arriving now. 其他男孩马上也要到了。
Other people have had similar experiences. 其他人也有相似的经历。
Other businesses cling on and hope. 其他企业坚持着并且抱着希望。
She zigzagged her way through the other guests. 她从其他客人中间穿过。
They bought out all the other partners. 他们买下了其它合伙人的全部股份。
Sorry about all the other things I didn’t have time for. 其余部分因时间不够没法讲完,只好表示抱歉。
(3) others的用法:永远表示复数意义(且其后不能再接名词)。其用法大致相当于“other+复数名词”,同样地 the others 大致相当于“the other+复数名词”。如:
He stood aloof from all the others. 他和谁都保持距离。
They look control of the business from the others. 他们从别人手中接管了业务。
Some people ski worse than others. 有些人的滑雪技术就是不如别人。
(4) 与some 对比:与some 对比使用时,用others(此时与 some 同义)。如:
Some people enjoy exercise, others don’t. 一些人喜欢运动,而另一些人则不喜欢。
Some people are frightened of thunder, others of snakes. 有些人怕雷声,有些人怕蛇。
Some of our groups are static, others mobile. 我们中间有些小组是固定的,另一些则是流动的。
Some people call that place the Persian Gulf, others the Arabian Gulf. 有些人称那个地方波斯湾,也有些人称之为阿拉伯湾。
(5) 有关习语
every other 每隔一……,其他的……都
none other than 不是别的,正是……
no other than 不是别的,正是……
one after the other 一个接一个地,相继
one from the other 分别,各别
some . . . or other 某一个
other than 不同于,除了
the other day 早几天,几天前
be angry about,be angry at和be angry with的用法区别
be angry about指对某事生气,其后跟表示某事的名词或代词。
如:He was angry about the noises in the next room.
be angry at指对某人的言行生气。
如:He was angry at her answer.
be angry with指对某人生气,其后跟表示人的名词或代词。
如:She is angry with me.
be,become,get和turn的用法区别
1. be表示“成为”时,多用于将来时、祈使句或不定式。如:
I would like to be a bus-driver.
My younger sister wants to be a movie star.
2. become多指身份、职位等的变化,强调变化的过程已经完成,后面可接名词或形容词。如:
Later the boy became an artist.
Her mother became angry when she heard the news.
3. get多用于口语,表示一种变化过程,强调的是“渐渐变得”,后常接形容词的比较级。如:
It's getting darker and darker outside.
In winter the days get shorter.
4. turn指在颜色和性质等方面与以前的完全不同,强调变化的结果。如:
Leaves turned brown in the mountains.
arrive,reach和get to的用法区别
1. arrive是不及物动词,其后不能直接跟表示地点的名词,与at或in连用后可以跟表示地点的名词;表示使用某种交通工具到达时常用arrive。如:
Has the train arrived
They arrived at the village on a rainy night.注意:
arrive at指到达较小的地方,如车站、机场、码头、学校、工厂、商店等。如:
It was dark when I arrived at the airport.
arrive in指到达较大的地方,如村庄、城镇、地区、国家等。如:
When did you arrive in Beijing yesterday
2. reach是及物动词,正式用语,其后直接跟表示地点的名词。如:
He reached Japan on October the second 2017.
3. get to是短语动词,相当于及物动词,在口语中用用的多,使用的范围也很广,不管是步行还是乘车、乘船、乘飞机等到达目的地或中途暂停都可以用。如:
Can you tell me how I can get to the airport
【注意】:当arrive,get to后跟副词home,here,there时,arrive后不再用at或in,get后不再用to。
例如:
When the train arrived here,it was raining hard.
When did you get home
argue about和 argue with的用法区别
1. argue about指“为某事而争论、争吵”。如:
Don't argue about the matter any more.
2. argue with指“为某人争吵、争论或吵架”。如:
The two brothers often argue with each other.
【注意】:
表示“因某事与某人争吵”或“与某人辩论某事”为argue with sb. about sth.或argue against sb. on sth.。如:
They argued with the waiter about the price of the meal.
be about to和be going to的用法区别
1. be about to意为“就要、即将干某事”,指最近的将来,表示动作马上就要发生。如:
Don't leave now. We are about to have lunch.
2. be going to意为“即将、打算干某事”,表示对某事事先有准备、有计划或有打算,也可表示预计要发生或不可避免要发生的事。如:
Look,it's cloudy. It's going to rain.
【注意】:
be about to本身已清楚地表示出即将到来的短暂时刻,故句子中不能与at once,immediately及表示具体的将来的时间连用。如:
I'm about to go.(不能说成:I'm about to go at once.或I'm about to go tomorrow.)
agree with,agree to和agree on的用法区别
1. agree with…指“同意某人或某人的意见、观点、决定、想法、安排、解释”等,其后可以是一个名词,也可以是what引起的从句。如:
I don't agree with you.
I don't agree with what you said.
2. agree to…是指“同意某计划、建议、或建议”等;后跟动词原形,意为“同意干某事”。如:
Who else will agree to this suggestion besides him
We agreed to start early.
3. agree on…指在某方面取得一致的看法或意见。如:
We agree on leaving for Beijing the next day.
apologize to和apologize for的用法区别
1. apologize to sb.相当于say sorry to sb. 表示“向某人道歉”。如:
You should apologize to the old man.
2. apologize for sb.意为“替某人道歉或认错”。如:
Johnny ,I want to apologize for us all.
【注意】:apologize to后通常只接表示人的名词或代词,apologize for后除可接表示人代名词或代词外,还可接表示事物的名词。apologize for sth. 意为“因……而道歉”。如:
I must apologize for the untidy state of the room.
I must apologize for calling you so late.
beat和win的用法区别
1. beat后接表示人及人的群体名词或代词作宾语,常用于游戏或比赛中战胜某人或打败某人。如:
Our class beat Class One in the table tennis match yesterday.
2. win后接表示事物的名词或代词作宾语,在句子中通常与game,match,prize等词搭配,表示在某项活动或比赛中获胜。如:
Who won the game
She won the first place in the competition.
【一言辨异】Yesterday I beat my classmate at chess. He won only one set,while I won two sets.昨天下棋我赢了我同学。他只赢了一盘,而我赢了两盘。
连词and和or在句中的用法和区别
and和or是初中英语的常见并列连词,用于引导两个并列的词、词组或句子。and的基本意思是“和,与”,or的基本意思是“或者,还是”。它们的用法区别如下:
1. 并列结构中,and用于肯定句,or通常用于否定句表示“和,与”之意。
There are some students and teachers on the playground.
There is no air or water in the moon.
【练习】---I don’t like chicken ___ fish.
---I don’t like chicken, ___ I like fish very much.
A. and; and  B. and; but C. or; but D. or;and
答案C。否定句中表并列用or, but 表转折。
or用在选择疑问句中,意为“或者,还是”。
例如:Is he a doctor or a teacher 他是医生还是教师
Did you do your homework or watch TV last night 你昨晚做作业还是看电视了
Are they singing or reading English 他们是在唱歌还是在读英语
3. or在句型“祈使句+or+陈述句”中,表示在以祈使句为条件下的相反假设,or意为“否则,要不然”。例如:
Work hard,or you will fall behind.你要努力学习,否则会落后。
I must work hard, or I'll fail in the exam. 我要努力学习,否则考试要不及格了。
4. either…or 意思为"或者……或者……"。注意谓语动词的主谓一致采用就近原则。例如:
Either you or I am right. 不是你对,就是我对。
5. or在“either…or…”结构中,意为“要么……要么……”。连结的并列成份可在句中作主语、表语、谓语、宾语等。例如:
Either she or I am right.不是她对就是我对。(连接主语)
The shoes in the shop were either too big or too small for me. 店里的鞋对我来说不是太大就是太小(连接表语)
He either does his homework or watches TV on Sundays.他星期天要么做作业,要么看电视。(连接谓语)
We play either football or basketball in the afternoon.下午我们不是踢足球就是打篮球。(连接宾语)
6. or表示不确切、模糊的陈述。例如:
This story happened five or six years ago. 这个故事发生在四、五年前。
Is the street straight More or less. 这棵树直吗 差不多。
She will find that she was wrong sooner or later.她迟早会发现她是错的
cook与cooker用法解析
cook:[英][k[k k]k][美][k[k k]k] 第三人称单数:cooks过去分词:cooked现在进行时:cooking过去式:cooked
vt.& vi.烹调; 编造; 篡改; 密谋;
vt.烹调; 煮;
vi.烹调; 做菜;
n.厨师; 厨子;
cooker:[英][ k k (r)][美][ k k ]
n.炊具; 锅; 炉灶; 造谣者;
复数:cookers
易混淆单词:Cooker
cook与cooker两者的区别,例句解析:
cook是“厨师”吗 cooker是“厨师”吗 你知道cooker的用法吗
【练习】
Her father works as a ______ in a hotel and her mother a ______ in a private company.
A. cooker, typewriter B. cook, typist
C. cooker, typist D. cook, typewriter
【陷阱】误选A,许多同学想当然地认为:cook 用作动词,表示“煮饭”,所以 cooker 应是其相应的名词,表示“煮饭的人”,即“厨师”;type 用作动词,表示“打字”,所以 typewriter 应表示“打字员”。
【分析】而事实是:cook=厨师,cooker=炊具;typist=打字员,typewriter=打字机。即此题正确答案为B。
kind of 与sort of用法解析
kind of :相当;有一些
例句:I'm kind of hungry.我有些饿了。
这个词组很口语化的,随便放在句子的最后,在动词形容词前就可以了。只是表示程度,意思是“有点”。
【注意】与a kind of的区别:a kind of常可表示不确定的“某种类似”的意思.
例如:I received a gift.It was a kind of plate.我收到一份礼物,是一种类似盘子的东西.
sort of:adv.有几分地; (想不出恰当的词或不知下面该怎么说时用)可以说,可说是;
sort of用法:sort of :
I sort of thought you might say that.
我多少料到你也许会那么说。
sort of+a n.表示具有某种气质、特性,如 sort of a man 有那么点儿男子汉气概,此时sort of = kind of 。
a sort of =a kind of 一种......
此外,a kind of常可表示不确定的“某种类似”的意思。如:
I received a gift. It was a kind of plate.我收到一份礼物,是一种类似盘子的东西。
kind of 还表示“相当,有一些”的意思,如:I'm kind of hungry我有些饿了。
kind of / sort of 后接名词特点:一般要用在单数可数名词和不可数名词前(且名词前通常不用冠词);复数形式的kinds [sorts] of则通常用于复数名词或不可数名词前(名词前也不用冠词)。
例如:What kind [sort] of picture do you like best 你最喜欢什么样的图画
I enjoy these kinds [sorts] of films. 我喜欢这些类型的电影。
比较What kind [sort] of ...和What kind [sort] of a ...
两者从形式上看,一个带不定冠词,一个不带不定冠词;从意思上看
2.两者稍有区别:
(1) What kind [sort] of ...侧重指类型、类别、种类等,其中的 what 具有类似 which的含义。如:
What kind [sort] of car is it 这是什么牌子的车
(2) What kind [sort] of a...侧重指作用、性质、性能等,其中的what具有类似how的含义。如:
What kind [sort] of a car is it 这种车质量如何
can和be able to的用法区别
1.can could 表示能力;可能 (过去时用could),
只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。
They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。
2.只用be able to
a. 位于助动词后。
b. 情态动词后。
c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。
d. 用于句首表示条件。
e. 表示成功地做了某事时,只能用was/were able to, 不能用could。
He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out。= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out。
【注意】:could不表示时态
1)提出委婉的请求,(注意在回答中不可用could)。
--- Could I have the television on
--- Yes, you can. / No, you can't。
2)在否定,疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。
He couldn't be a bad man.他不大可能是坏人。
burned与burnt的用法区别与说明
1.作谓语时一般通用
He burned [burnt] the old letters. 他把旧信烧掉了。
The house was burned [burnt] to the ground. 房子被烧成了灰烬。
2. 用于名词前作定语时,无论在英国英语还是美国英语中,通常都用 burnt。如:
Look at the burnt sugar. 瞧这烧焦了的糖。
He showed me his burnt finger. 他给看了它烧伤的手指。
He had a skin graft on the burnt leg. 他烧伤的腿上做了皮肤移植。
3.另外,作表语时也通常用burnt。如:
Your hand looks badly burnt. 你的手好像受了很重的烫伤。
4.作定语时通常都用不规则形式。如:
Stop acting like spoilt children! 别再像惯坏的孩子那样胡闹了。
Look at these misspelt words. 看看这些拼错的单词吧。
The spilt milk made a terrible mess on the carpet. 牛奶洒在地毯上弄得一塌糊涂。
代词(that, it,one等的区别)
笼统地说,it指代的是同类同物,that指代的是同类异物,one指的是上下文中提到的同类事物中的一个。以下是具体的区别:
1.one, it, that常常用来代替或避免重复某个名词。例如:
①I'm looking for a flat. I'd really like one with a garden.
②-Where did you find your watch - I find it in our classroom.
③The population of China is larger than that of any other country.
2.one可指人或物,只替代单数可数名词,复数用ones. One是泛指,但有限定修饰语,如the, this, that…修饰就变成了特指。如:
①One must do one's duty.
②Mary has a red pencil and Jane has a blue one.
③The new designs are much better than the old ones.
3.that只指物,不指人,可替代可数名词或不可数名词,具有“特指”性质。指的是同类事物中的另一样东西,即同类异物。如:The library of our school is bigger than that of yours.(that代替的是另一个图书馆。)
4.One 和that 在代替可数名词时,如果没有前置定语只有后置定语时,the one 和that可互换。但该名词如有前置定语,则只能用the one,而不能用that。简单的说,就是one相当于an/a+名词,that相当于the+名词。例如:
①I will take the seat next to the one(=that)by the window.我就坐窗口的那个座位旁边。
②I prefer the large box to the small one.(one 不可用that替换 )。
5.That的复数形式those代替可数名词的复数。可指人或物,一般后面跟修饰语。如:
①Today's cellphones are smaller than those(=the ones)used in the past.
②The students who do best in exam are not always those(=the ones) with the best brains.
6.the one(ones)或 that ,those 指代某一名词做定语从句的先行词时,其关系代词which在that之后,which不能省略,而在the one、ones 之后,which可省略。如:
①Their problem today is somewhat similar to that which they faced many years ago.
7.代替不可数名词时,应该用that。如:The equipment is different from that.
8.it代替上文所提到的名词时,是指同类事物中的同一样东西,即同类事物。如:I have lost my pen. I'm looking for it.
9.it和that可代替前面整个句子的意思,而one却不能;that可引导一个限定性定语从句,代替某个先行词(单复数名词均可),it和one则不能;it可代替不定式、动名词或从句,用作形式主语或形式宾语,也可用于强调句型中,而one和that则不能。
needn’t与mustn’t 的用法区别
1. needn’t 的用法
needn’t 的意思是“不必”“没有必要”。如:
If you can lend me the money I needn’t go to the bank. 如果你能借给我钱,我就不必去银行了。
I’m in no hurry. He needn’t send it by air. He can send it by sea. 我不着急。他不必用航空寄来。海运过来就行。
2. mustn’t 的用法
mustn’t的意思是“不可以”“不允许”。如:
He has a weak heart and must not exercise too hard. 他心脏很弱,不能做强烈的运动。
Our school has a rule that students must not eat or drink in class. 我们学校规定,学生不许在课上吃喝。
请看看下面两组对比性句子:
You mustn’t drive fast. There is a speed limit here. 你不能开快车,这地方有速度限制。
You needn’t drive fast. We’ve plenty of time. 你不必开得快,我们有足够的时间。
You mustn’t strike a match. This room is full of gas. 你不能划火柴,这屋里满是煤气。
You needn’t strike a match. I can see well enough. 你不用划亮火柴,我可以看清。
【练习】1. It’s quite warm here; we ______ turn the heating on yet.
A. couldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. wouldn’t
2. I _______ use a clock to wake me up because at six o’clock each morning the train comes by my house.
A. couldn’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
答案:1. C 2. D
accept和accept of的区别
accept和accept of这两个词语都可表示“接受”。其区别是:
accept是一般用语,可用于任何场合,多用在现代英语中,后面可接建议、邀请、金钱财务、祝福等大多数词。
accept of稍微正式,含“垂恩”之义,多用于接受a present,a favor或love等,而不用于接受theory,advice,apology等。
请看下面的例句:
I am buying it for a present,please accept of it.
我买这个作礼物,请收下。
They offered him a large sum of money but he didn't accept it.
他们给了他一大笔钱,但他没有接受。
【练习】:用accept和accept of 填空:
Please_____my best wishes for your success.
答案:accept
interest, interested, interesting用法介绍
(一)、interest用法
1. 用作名词,注意以下用法:
(1) 表示一般意义的“兴趣”“爱好”,为不可数名词,但可与不定冠词连用;表示在“对……的兴趣”,其后通常接介词in。如:
You’ve no interest in going with us 你没有兴趣和我们一道去
Scientists have taken a great interest in his ideas. 科学家们对他的观点很感兴趣。
有时可用复数形式,表示不同人的兴趣或同一人的多种兴趣。如:
Their interests are very similar. 他们的兴趣很相似。
He has wide interests. 他有广泛的兴趣。
(2) 表示具体意义的“感兴趣的事”“爱好”,是可数名词。如:
My interests are music and travel. 我的兴趣是音乐和旅行。
Gardening is one of my main interests. 园艺是我的主要兴趣之一。
(3) 注意以下各句介词of的使用:
The question is of great interest to me. 我对这个问题很感兴趣。
He has been to many places of interest. 他去过许多名胜。
(4) 表示“利息”,不可数。如:
He paid 5% interest on the loan. 他借的贷款要付5%的利息。
(4) 表示“利益”,为可数名词,但通常用复数。如:
He’s good at looking after his own interests. 他很会照顾自己的利益。
The union was formed to protect the rights and interests of miners. 建立起工会是为保护矿工的权利和利益。
2. 用作动词,是及物动词,通常以人作宾语。如:
Geology interests him. 地质学使他感兴趣。
His joke didn’t interest me. 他的笑话并不使我感到兴趣。
表示在某一方面的兴趣,与介词in搭配。如:
He tried to interest me in football. 他设法使我对足球感兴趣。
(二)、interested 的用法
意思是:感兴趣的,关切的。如:
Are you interested in this subject 你对这门课感兴趣吗
Aren’t you interested in making money 难道你对赚钱不感兴趣
I’m interested in when he did it. 我对他什么时候干了此事感兴趣。
注意区别:be interested in doing sth与be interested to do sth:前者表示对做某事感兴趣,后者表示很想做某事:
I’m interested to hear your opinion. 我想听听你的意见。
I’m interested in emigrating to Canada. 我对移居加拿大感兴趣。
(三)、interesting的用法
意思是:有趣的,令人感兴趣的。如:
The idea sounds interesting. 这个想法听起来很有趣。
I met a lot of interesting people on holiday. 我在度假期间遇到了许多有趣的人。
The price is interesting to us. 我们对这一价格感兴趣。
It is interesting to contrast the two writers. 将这两位作家加以比较是很有意思的。
注意:其后接不定式且该不定式含有被动意义时,通常要用主动形式:
Volleyball is very interesting to watch. 打排球看起来很有意思。
She is interesting to talk to. 和她谈话很有意思。
(四)、辨析
interested 与 interesting:前者表示“感兴趣的”,后者表示“令人感兴趣的”“有趣的”:
Children are interested in interesting stories. 孩子们对有趣的故事感兴趣。
mistake与mistaken用法区别
(一)、mistake的用法
1. 表示“错误”,通常为可数名词;表示犯错误,通常用动词 make;另外注意与介词常用搭配。如:
You made a mistake about the time. 你弄错了时间。
She made a mistake over the bill. 她把账算错了。
Don’t make any mistake about me. 不要误解我的意思。
用于by mistake, 意为“错误地”“弄错地”。如:
The nurse gave me the wrong medicine by mistake. 护士给我吃错了药。
I’m sorry, I opened one of your letters by mistake. 对不起,我错拆了你的一封信。
2. 用作动词,表示“把……误认为是……”,一般用介词 for。如:
She mistook a rope for a snake. 她把一条绳子误认为蛇。
I had mistaken friendship for love. 我误把友情当成了爱情。
(二)、mistaken的用法
1. 表示某人的误会、误解或弄错等,通常用作表语。如:
It appears to me that you are all mistaken. 我看你们都错了。
表示“在……方面弄错”,其后通常接介词about。如:
He is mistaken about her. 他误会她了。
He may have been mistaken about what he saw. 他可能看错了。
有时后接in doing sth,表示“错误地……”。如:
You are mistaken in thinking that they will help you. 你要是认为他们会帮助你,那你就错了。
要加强语气,除可用very, very much, quite, seriously等修饰外,还可用sadly修饰。如:
If you think I’m going to help, you’re sadly mistaken. 如果你认为我会帮忙,那你就完全错了。
2. 表示错误的行为、想法或犯错误的人等,多用作定语。如:
That’s a mistaken idea. 那是个错误的想法。
A mistaken person should admit his error. 一个犯错误的人应该要承认错误。
I helped him in the mistaken belief that he needed me. 我误以为他需要我所以去帮助他了。
nature与natural用法
(一)、nature的用法
1. 表示“(大)自然”“自然界”等,是不可数名词,有时大写第一个字母。如:
Isn’t Nature wonderful 大千世界不奇妙吗
Nature is at its best in spring. 春天万物欣欣向荣。
He enjoys the beauties of nature. 他喜欢自然界的美景。
2. 表示“天性”“本性”“性格”等,通常为不可数名词;偶尔用作可数名词,主要指种类。如:
He is generous by nature. /He has a generous nature. 他生性慷慨。
Cats and dogs have quite different natures. 猫和狗有着很不相同的天性。
It’s against nature for a mother to hurt her child. 母亲伤害自己的孩子是违背人性的。
3. 比较 by nature 与 in nature:前者指“天生地”,后者指“性质上”“本质上”。如:
She is proud by nature. 她生性傲慢。
He is the most hypocritical fellow in nature. 他是世界上最虚伪的家伙。
in nature有时还可表示“究竟”“到底”,主要用于疑问词之后。如:
What in nature do you mean 你到底是什么意思
(二)、natural的用法
1. 表示“自然的”,it’s natural 后接主语从句时,从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气(should+动词原形),此时也可用不定式复合结构转换。如:
他这样说是很自然的。
正:It’s natural that he (should) say so.
正:It’s natural for him to say so.
孩子爱母亲,这是人之常情。
正:It is natural that a child (should) love its mother.
正:It is natural for a child to love its mother.
2. 表示“天生的”“与生俱来的”,常与介词to连用。如:
Fighting is natural to dogs. 狗天生喜欢打架。
Speaking comes natural to him. 他天生善于演讲。
will和would
1.would like; Would like to do = want to 想要,为固定搭配。
Would you like to go with me?
2.Will you…? Would you like…? 表示肯定含义的请求劝说时,疑问句中一般用some, 而不是any。
Would you like some cake?
3.否定结构中用will,一般不用would, won't you是一种委婉语气。
Won't you sit down?
三十四、custom,hobby,habit的区别
custom强调社会、团体长时间形成的风俗、习俗。复数形式也可以当做“海关”来讲。
hobby表示“业余爱好,嗜好”。
habit指个人长期养成的、难以改变的“习性,习惯”。
请看下面的例句:
1、The custom of lighting the Olympic flame goes back centuries.
点燃奥运圣火的风俗可追溯到几个世纪前。
2、Chung has tried to adapt to local customs.钟努力去适应当地的风俗习惯。
3、Reading is the only hobby I can speak of.读书是我唯一值得一提的爱好
4、Many retired people take up gardening as a hobby.许多退休的人都以从事园艺为嗜好.
5、If you continue to smoke, keep trying to break the habit.如果你还在吸烟的话,就尽量戒除这个习惯吧。
6、He has no habit of smoking.他没有吸烟的嗜好
三十五、sound,noise,voice的区别
sound有“声音”之意,含义最广,指可以听到的任何声音。如:a weak sound微弱的声音;a sharp sound 尖锐的声音。
noise有“嗓音,嘈杂声,吵闹声”之意,特指不悦耳、不和谐的声音。它既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词。
voice指“声音”,多指人声带发出的声音,包括说话声、歌声和笑声,有时也引申为“意见、发言权”。
请看下面的例句:
1、Does it sound like music " — "I wouldn't go that far."“这听上去像音乐吗?”——“我可不那样认为。”
2、Peter heard the sound of gunfire.彼得听见了枪炮声。
3、Liza was so frightened she couldn't make a sound.莉莎惊吓得发不出任何声音。
4、There was too much noise in the room and he needed peace.房间里有太多噪音了,他需要安静。
5、"The police are here," she said in a low voice.“警察在这儿,”她低声说。
6、She's got a great voice and is singing better than ever.她的嗓音非常好,现在的唱功比以往任何时候都要好。
【练习】:
1. _______ can travel over very large distances in water.声音在水中能传播得很远。
2.The _______ out in the street was deafening.外面街道上的喧闹声震耳欲聋。
3.She has a soft _______ .她说话声音很大很柔。
答案
1.sound 2.noise 3.voice