2014中考英语阅读理解系列训练（1）及参考答案
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| 名称 | 2014中考英语阅读理解系列训练（1）及参考答案 |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2013-11-11 00:00:00 | ||
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2014中考英语阅读理解系列训练（1）及参考范文
本集精品侧重讲解阅读理解，同时穿插了历年的期中、期末、竞赛、模拟、联考、真题试卷中的阅读理解，具有参考价值，欢迎下载使用。本精品共47页。
2014中考阅读理解： 第一章 概述
“阅读理解”是指阅读所给的文字材料，掌握它的主要内容并理解其含义。实际上，“阅读理解”是通过认识语言形式与结构而获取文字信息的过程。
阅读是英语学习的重要组成部分。阅读理解能力的高低直接影响着听、说、写等各方面能力的形成和发展。因此，各省、市都把阅读理解题作为中考英语必考的最重要的题型之一，并且越来越重视对阅读理解能力的考查：阅读量逐渐增多，知识面逐步拓宽，难度系数逐年加大。
【实战训练】
阅读理解（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The Queen Elizabeth and her sister Margaret had very different characters (性格) : Elizabeth was very serious and tidy; Margaret was outgoing and headstrong. But they kept close as sisters. When had lessons at home with their governess Marion Crawford, Margaret was often naughty. Elizaeth always protected her every time when she broke rules. When they grew up, Magaret has sad love stories and unhappy marriage. The Queen gave her a lot of help.
Margaret was one of the few people who could lose their temper with the Queen. Even as an adult, she would sometimes shout at her. Once she threw a dishcloth at Elizabeth's face when they had a picnic. But they never quarreled for long. To Queen Elizabeth, it was a sadness that her sister never found lasting (持久的) personal happiness.
51.What kind of person was Elizabeth like? She was ________.
A. serious and tidy B. outgoing and tidy
C. easygoing aand headstrong D. serious and headstrong
52.The word "governess" means ________.
A. 服务员 B. 家庭女教师 C. 牧师 D.管家
53.Who had an unhappy family life according to the story?
A. Elizabeth. B. Margaret.
C. Marion Crawford. D. Both Elizabeth and Margaret.
54.According to the story, which of the following is not true?
A. The queen and her sister had quite different characters.
B. Elizabeth always protected her sister C. The sisters often fought each other
D. Elizabeth felt sorry for her sister for her unsuccessful marriage.
55.What is the main idea of the story?
A. Elizabeth was a kind person B. The two sisters lived happily
C. Margaret had sad love stories D. The two sisters had a very good relationship
B
Shenzhen's fast development has made it become China's most crowded city! There are about 15 million people living on its 1991square kilometers. On each square kilometer averagely live 7500 people. It is 1080 more than that in Hong Kong, and nearly 800 more than that in Guangzhou.
Besides, Shenzhen owns 2 million local vehicles, and about 300,000 vehicles from other places also run on the local roads every day. The total length of the city's road is 6041 kilometers. It means each resident only owns 0.58 meters of road!
As a result, the city is facing serious environmental and resource problems. One of the problems is water shortage. The amount of fresh water for each person of the city is only 25% of the country's average. What's more, most of the water drunk by Shenzhen people comes from other areas.
56.According to the passage, which of the following makes Shenzhen so crowded?
A. Shenzhen has not enough water. B. There are too many people
C. Shenzhen is developing very fast D. Shenzhen is too small
57.There are _______ people living in Shenzhen now.
A. about 1991 B. about 15,000,000 C. about 150,000 D. about 300,000
58.In Hong Kong, there are _______ people on every kilometer.
A. about 7500 B. about 1080 C. about 800 D. about 6420
59.Which problem in Shenzhen is not mentioned in the passage?
A. Traffic accidents. B. Water shortage.
C. Environmental problems D. Population problem.
60.Which is the best title for this passage?
A. Largest Population in China. B. Biggest Problems in Shenzhen
C. Busiest Roads in Shenzhen D. Most Crowded City in China
C
Old George bought the black gloves for just $35 ten years ago. They were made of lamb skin, soft and warm and very strong. Until then, he had worn cheaper man-made material. Those gloves never lasted longer than three years. He first decided to buy the expensive gloves, because they would make him feel nice in front of others.
George never let a drop of water or rain touch his expensive gloves, so they looked new. Losing this favourite thing was almost like losing a child to him.
Bad luck! George lost his expensive gloves on New Year's Day.
Back home, George was at a loss. In deep winter, he could not do without a pair of gloves. If he bought cheap ones again, he would have to replace (更换) them very soon. If he bought a new leather pair, it would cost $50 now. He was upset that people no longer returned things they found on the road.
After the holiday, poor George decided to buy another leather pair. Before boarding the subway, he went into Value Mart again to see if his gloves had been returned to the Lost and Found Office (失物招领处).
"What colour are they?" the woman in the office asked again.
"Black," he gave the same answer. She looked into her drawer and drew out a pair of men's leather gloves. "Are they?"
"Yes! Those are mine!" George explained, with great joy in his eyes.
61.When did George buy the leather gloves?
A. On New Year's Day. B. Before the holiday.
C. Ten years ago. D. In the winter.
62.Why did George decide to buy the expensive gloves?
A. Because they were black. B. Because they made him feel good before others.
C. Because they had a long history D. Because they were much cheaper.
63.The leather gloves looked new after years because _______.
A. George took very good care of them. B. they were soft and warm.
C. they were expensive. D. George washed them with water.
64.How did George feel when he got home on New Year's Day?
A. He was happy. B. He felt nice
C. He was thankful D. He felt upset
65.About old George, which of the following is true?
He was a very rich man
He never bought cheap gloves
He believed somebody would return the gloves to him
He hadn't ecpected to get his gloves back.
D
Nick Vujicic was born , without arms and legs, in 1982 in Melbourne, Australia. Nick faced all kinds of problems and troubles in his life. But he never gives up. Now Nick has his own speaking company: Attitude Is Attitude. And he has traveled around the world to give speeches. He shares with his audience the importance of vision and dreaming big. He says attitude (态度) is the most powerful tool in the life and failure (失败) is just a learning experience.
Mark Zuckerberg, the boss of Facebook, is only 28. In only 8 years, Zuck turned his small website into a world famous network. Zuck once wrote to his workmates, "We don't build services to make money; we make money to build better services"
Jeremy Lin's excellent performances in basketball courts attracted the eyes of both Americans and Chinese this year. Then what has led this young man to such a success? The following may help us understand it.
Believe in yourself;
Catch the chance when it comes up;
Find the system that works for your style;
People will love you for being yourself;
Stay humble (谦逊).
where there is a will, there is a way
66.Attitude Is Attitude is _______.
A. the title of Nick's speech B. Nick's company
C. an international organization D. a machine that can speak
67.Which of the following about Nick is wrong?
Nick had no arms or legs when he was born
He says people can learn from their failures
He tells his audience to dream big and have vision
He has never traveled around the world so far
68.Facebook is _______.
A. a world-wide network B. Zuck's workmate C. a popular book D. Zuck's boss
69.From what Zuck wrote, we can learn _______.
Facebook doesn't build services
Facebook doesn't make money
offering better services is more important than making money
building services doesn't make money
70.From Jeremy Lin's success, we can find _______.
A. one must have self-confidence B. catching the chance is the most important
C. one should try his best to follow others D. one must keep the rules all the time
参考答案
51-55 A B B C D 56-60 C B D A D
61-65 C B A D D 66-70 B D A C A
(1)“阅读理解”的具体要求
《九年义务教育全日制初级中学英语教学大纲》对“读”的要求如下：①能预习课文，初步理解课文大意。②学会查词典，能借助词典阅读难度相当于课文的材料，并理解其大意。③能独立阅读所学语言知识范围内的材料，生词率不超过3%。三年制和四年制的阅读速度分别是每分钟40-50和50-60个单词，理解正确率达到70%。
阅读能力强的标志不仅指阅读速度快，而且还要求理解率高。具体体现在如下几个方面：①掌握所读材料的大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节。②既能理解具体的事实，也能理解抽象的概念。③既能理解字面意思，也能理解深层含义(包括作者的态度、意图及倾向等)。④既能理解某一句话、某一段落的意义，也能理解全篇的逻辑关系，并能据此进行推理和判断。⑤既能根据材料所提供的信息解决问题，也能结合必备的常识(包括生活常识和相关的其他学科知识等)去理解和处理题目设置的疑难问题。
由于考试过程中不允许考生查字典，因此，要想解答好阅读理解题必须做到以下两点：①掌握相当的词汇量。词汇不过关，处处是难关。平常要多背诵一些基础词汇、词组、习惯短语等。教材中出现的重要句型也必须牢记。这样就能为顺利阅读提供强有力的保障。同时在记忆词汇时，要注意单词的词性及一词多义现象，这样对阅读中碰到的生词的推断会有一定的帮助。②加强“听、说、读、写、译”五项基本技能的训练，创造良好的语境。通过多听、多说、多读、多写、多译，逐步培养语感，提高综合运用语言知识的能力，为阅读能力的提高奠定坚实的基础。
【实战训练】
阅读理解 阅读下面短文，按要求答题
（A篇，第51-55小题为判断正误，每小题1分；B、C、D篇，第56-70小题为选择题，每小题2分，共35分）
A
Healthy eating is important to us. What and how should we eat to be healthy?
First, we must have enough food, never too much or too little. The food must be clean and we should cook it properly.
Second, it’s very important for us to keep a balanced diet. Different kinds of foods are necessary, such as rice, bread, meat, fish, eggs, milk and vegetables. Rice and bread give us energy. Meat, fish, eggs and milk help our bones grow. Fruit and vegetables make us healthy.
Third, we should eat regularly. It’s said that half of the students don’t have a regular breakfast or don’t eat anything at all in the morning. It is bad for their health. In fact, a good breakfast keeps us strong.
In short, we should not only eat enough food, healthy food but also eat regularly.
51. We eat food freely.
52. We should eat different kinds of healthy foods.
53. Vegetables are the most important food for our health.
54. The more regularly, the healthier we are.
55. All the students don’t have a regular breakfast.
B
A few years ago, Dave Stirling had the idea of selling CDs over the Internet. The business he started from his home in Ohio, the USA, now sells 500,000 CDs a year and has made him into a millionaire(百万富翁)at the age of 24.
“I could see that this was the future of shopping,” says Stirling. “Why should you pay $15 for a CD and spend the time and the money getting into the store and parking your car? You can have the same CD for half of the price by clicking(敲击)on your computer. And we can find any CD you want and bring it to your door in 24 hours!”
According to Stirling, this is the only beginning, “I believe that one day we’ll do our shopping over the net: it’s easier, quicker and cheaper. Shops and supermarkets will be the past.”
56. Dave Stiring started his business from______.
A. his home B. his company C. the office D. the country
57. How has Stirling become so rich?
A. By making ice cream. B. By making advertisements.
C. By selling ideas to others. D. By selling CDs over the Internet.
58. If you pay $15 for a CD in the store, how much should you pay for it over the net?
A.$15. B.$12. C.$7.5. D.$30.
59. By shopping over the net, you won’t_____.
A. spend the time and the money B. drive your car any more
C. click on your computer D. get into the store by yourself
60. What can we learn from the passage?
A. More than half of the Americans prefer to shop over the net.
B. Shops and supermarkets will be the past in the future.
C. Some people don’t like to go shopping over the Internet.
D. It’s easier, quicker and more expensive to do our shopping over the net.
C
April 27 is a special day in Britain. It’s called Take Our Daughter to Work Day. It was brought to Britain in 1994 from America. On that day thousands of girls take a day off school and go with one of their parents to their work places. By doing this, it can teach girls more about the society where they live.
Now the girls can have a close look at what their parents are doing. This may help them to be calmer when they have to choose a job. Mary experienced a day of work at her mother’s office. This helped her understand her mother’s work better. She said that this made her feel more confident about her future.
Schools and many companies support the activity, too. Some schools even make the day a necessary part of school life.
Experts think that girls with more self-confidence are more likely(可能的)to be successful than common girls. If parents can set good examples both at work and at home for them, they will do better than others. Take Our Daughter to Work Day is surely a step in the right direction.
61.Where was Take Our Daughter to Work Day brought?
A. From America. B. From China.
C. From Canada. D. From Australia.
62. On Take Our Daughter to Work Day, thousands of girls_______.
A. go on a journey with their parents
B. have a party with their friends at home
C. go to the work places of one of their parents
D. take part in a school activity freely
63. What’s the advantage by doing such an activity?
A. It can help girls understand their parents’ work better.
B. It can teach girls more about the society.
C. It can make girls feel more confident about their future.
D. All of the above.
64. Which of the following is NOT true about Take Our Daughter to Work Day?
A. It is a special activity on April 27 in Britain.
B. Schools and many companies support this activity
C. Many girls like this day because they won’t go to school.
D. Some schools even make the day a necessary part of school life.
65. According to the experts, being______ is the most important to girls in their future.
A. smart and careful B. confident
C. hard-working D. friendly
D
Do you have any foreign friends? Do you know their characteristics(特征)?
The Germans are very quiet and they always keep calm. They don’t like to speak more words. They look very serious. They like different kinds of amusements. The Germans are very hard—working. They like tidiness, especially the women, who always keep their home clean.
In some ways, the Englishmen look the same as the Germans. They are very quiet and never talk too much with the strangers. They are really polite, so we often hear they say “Thank you.” Or “Sorry.” The gentlemen are also the Englishmen.
The French’s holidays are very long. They like traveling and usually spend their long time staying in other countries. The Frenchmen are more outgoing than the Germans. It is very easy to make friends with them.
Compared to the Frenchmen, the Americans are more outgoing. And they are even opener than all of the Europeans. They don’t like to depend on others. So it is very common that the students do part-time jobs in their free time. And in Americans’ eyes, success is an important part in their life.
66. According to the passage, ______are very quiet.
A. only the Germans B. only the Englishmen
C. only the Frenchmen D. both the Germans and the Englishmen
67. What does the underlined word “tidiness” mean in Chinese?
A.整洁 B.安静 C.时尚 D.随意
68. In the writer’s eyes, the gentlemen are______.
A. the Germans B. the Frenchmen C. the Englishmen D. the Americans
69. What can we learn about the Frenchmen from the passage?
A. They are more outgoing than the Americans.
B. It is very easy to make friends with them.
C. They like traveling in their own country.
D. They look serious and are always hard-working.
70. Which is the best title of the passage?
A. Foreigners’ hobbies. B. Success is an important part in Americans’ life.
C. Characteristics of the foreigners. D. Who are more outgoing?
【参考答案】
51—55 FTFTF 56—60 ADCDB 61—65 ACDCB 66—70 DACBC
(2)“阅读理解”的题型特点
“阅读理解”是集语法、词汇、逻辑推理、背景知识于一体，测试语言综合能力的题目。它主要用来考查学生综合运用英语语言知识的能力，不仅考查阅读速度，而且重点考查理解能力。
阅读理解题分为阅读材料(短文)和理解运用两部分，其命题形式主要有四种：①选择正确答案；②判断正误；③完成句子；④回答问题。为了便于阅卷，中考采用的命题形式以前两种为主。实际上，阅读理解题无论以哪种形式出现，都是一个问题的不同形式的反映，出发点都是针对短文具体内容理解程度的，即正确答案必须符合原文意思，符合语法规范，语句通顺，符合逻辑合情合理。
(3)“阅读理解”的考查内容
作为一种综合性很强的试题类型，“阅读理解”的考查内容有如下几个方面：
①考查短文的主旨和大意。包括对文章大意、主题的理解，对作者意图或文章中人物观点的理解，以及能从短文内容中推断出结论和作者的弦外之音等。
②考查短文的细节和事实。包括事实识别、有关数字方面的计算或识图、排列顺序等。
③考查短文中词语的意思或句子的含义。这些词句一般不只是体现其表层意义，而往往具有深层涵义。要求考生能利用阅读材料中的信息，结合上下文来判断其特定意义，或者根据句子的语法关系分析、挖掘其涵义。这就要求考生具备必要的语言知识、相关学科的常识及一定的分析和推断能力。
④考查拟选题目的能力。这是对考生概括能力的检测，难度稍大。因为短文标题的拟定不但取决于阅读材料的内容，而且还受标题特点的影响。一般地，英语短文标题的特点有：省略冠词、be动词或作定语用的人称代词，且多以短语或简单句出现。选择标题的一般原则是：一是要切题，即能概括出全文的主旨；二是要简洁，即文字要简单明了。
【实战训练】
阅读理解（本题有15小题，每小题2分；满分30分）
阅读下面材料，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
(A)
Here are some short messages. Emma got all of them on her mobile phone yesterday. Please read them carefully and find the best answers to the questions.
From: 13823636790
Hey, Emma, I’m going to have a party this weekend. Would you come and join us?
From Susan
13823636790
From: 13372320909
Emma,
“Home Alone V” is now on show at People’s cinema. Want to go and see this film?
Yours, Jessie
From 13654243444
Mr Lee said your computer is OK now. You can go and get it from 10:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.
James
From: 13096752112
Buy some fruits on your way home. Thanks.
Vicky
From: 13096752112
Call me, please.
Vicky
( )26. If Emma wants to go to the party this weekend, what number should she send a message to ?
A. 13096752112 B. 13654243444 C. 13372320909 D. 13823636790
( )27. What did Mr Lee do for Emma?
A. He mended her computer. B. He bought her a film ticket.
C. He helped her answer the phone call. D. He helped her buy some fruits.
( )28. Which of these persons asked Emma to call back?
A. Susan B. Jessie C. Vicky D. James
(B) Things that Bring Good Luck
When you are about to do something brave, a cheerful wish of "Good luck!" from a friend can be helpful. But if you think you need lots of luck, what else might you do?
In the UK and US there are some strange traditions for bringing yourself a little more good luck. Some are hundreds of years old and some are much newer.
Have you heard the saying "When you wish upon a star"? If you are looking up at the sky on a clear night and you see a sudden flash of light, it is probably a shooting star! Seeing one doesn't happen very often. The saying goes that if you see one you have heen very lucky, and so if you make a wish, it will come true.
Maybe you have heard of the lucky rabbit's foot. Some people believe that rabbits are lucky animals, so they carry a part of the rabbit, its foot, for good Luck. There are all kinds of strange, unclear rules about which of the rabhit's feet is the luckiest. It is said that this good luck tradition
is the oldest one of all. However, as the funny saying goes, "Depend on the rabbit's foot if you will, but rememher it didn't work for the rabbit!"
People in Britain love trees. If it is autumn and leaves are falling from the trees, some people try to catch the leaves as they fall because they think each leaf they catch will bring them a lucky month in the following year－they will need to catch l2 falling leaves to have a whole year of good luck!
( )29. ____ is mentioned as the oldest good luck tradition.
A. A rabbit's foot B. A falling leaf
C. A cheerful wish from friends D. A shooting star
( )30. From Paragraph 3, we know that ____.
A. shooting stars can often be seen B. people can see a shooting star on a rainy night
C. your wish may come true if you see a shooting star
D. people believe that it's unlucky to see a shooting star
( )31. British people try to catch l2 falling leaves because ____.
A. the leaves fall in autumn B. there are so many leaves to catch
C. the leaves can bring them a lucky month
D. they want to have a whole year of good luck
( )32. In Paragraph 5, the underlined word "them" refers to ____.
A. trees B. people C. leaves D. years
(C)
Top student Lin Yijian had a problem recently .
The 14-year-old boy from Xiamen used to get marks of over 110 points （out of 120 possible points）on his math tests . But during last term’s final exams , his math score was only 90 points .
It was a shock . “I didn’t know what happened , ”said Lin , who kept feeling nervous and frustrated about math during the following month. .
Like Lin , many of us have setbacks in life . What would you do to deal with these setbacks ? Would you just let them be and give up ？
Lin chose to face his problem . His parents and teacher also gave him help . After some hard work he now gets marks between 100 and110 points on his math tests . Although he still isn’t at his original level , Lin doesn’t worry anymore .
“Don’t be scared by setbacks ,”he said . “You will beat it . ”
Chen Xingzhu in Shenzhen also has a story to tell . The 15-year-old girl is not good at doing sit-ups，which is necessary for the coming high school PE entrance exam. One has to do at least 35 sit-ups in a minute to pass the test . Most of Chen’s classmates can do 40 . However , Chen could only do 20 .
Feeling worried , Chen decided to do something . She did sit-ups for half an hour every day after school . Now , after a month , she can do 30 sit-ups a minute .
“I finally found what made me slow through continuous practice and then improved little by little,”said Chen . “I believe next month I will be able to do 40 !”
( )33. Why did Lin keep feeling nervous and frustrated?
A. He lost interest in math. B. His math score dropped.
C. He didn’t like his math teacher. D. He couldn’t catch up with his classmates.
( )34. After one month’s practice, Chen Xingzhu can do ____ sit-ups a minute.
A. 10 B. 20 C. 30 D. 40
( )35. We can tell from the story that Lin and Chen both ____.
A. found it difficult to do well on math tests
B. turned to their teachers and parents for help
C. felt worried and escaped from their problems
D. faced their problems and worked hard to solve them
( )36. What does the passage want to tell us?
A. Lin Yijian’s Math Problem B. Never give up
C. How to get high marks on tests D. Students’ problems
(D)
Elena jogged with her dad in some empty lots at the edge of town. These out-of-the-way lots were good places to jog. But the lots were full of rocks and rubbish.
One day, Elena saw a sign on the lots. It said, “New City Park.” Elena was excited. Maybe the park would have a jogging trail!
Elena told her parents about the sign.
“I read about the park in the newspaper,” said Elena’s father. “The city wants volunteers to help clean the area. Then the city will build a soccer field and a playground.”
“Will they build a jogging trail?” Elena asked.
“No, the paper didn’t mention a jogging trail.”
“Well, perhaps if I help clean up the lots, they’ll put in a jogging trail,” said Elena.
On Saturday Elena went to the lots. Many adults were working there. Some were picking up rubbish. Some were moving rocks.
“I want to volunteer,” Elena told a man. “What can I do?”
“This is not a job for children.” said the man. “You’d better go home.”
Elena looked around. She could carry rubbish. She could move rocks. A lady was pulling a bag of rubbish. Elena saw a box of rubbish bags. She took an empty bag.
“I’ll take this bag to the Dumpster,” said Elena. “Here’s a new bag.”
“Thanks,” said the lady. “Keep those new bags coming.”
Elena dragged rubbish bags. She told everyone she was glad to help build the park. She explained that she hoped the park would have a jogging trail.
Elena went to the area every week. Soon everyone knew her and she told everyone how wonderful a jogging trail would be.
Soon the volunteers cleared the lots. The city could start building. The mayor) gave a speech. He showed a drawing of the new park. He told them about the soccer field and the basketball diamond. There would be picnic tables. There would be a playground. The park would even have basketball courts. There was no sign of a jogging trail.
The mayor thanked the volunteers. Then he asked if they had any suggestions. The volunteers said they wanted to build a jogging trail around the park.
They told the mayor how helpful Elena had been and how she wanted a jogging trail. The mayor said, “A jogging trail won’t be hard to build. Let’s do it!”
Everyone clapped and cheered. Elena cheered loudest of all.
( ) 37. Elena was ____ when she saw a sign on the lots..
A. happy B. sad C. disappointed D. excited
( ) 38. How did Elena know the city needed volunteers to help clean the lots?
A. Her father told her about it. B. She read it in the newspaper.
C. She learned it from a sign. D. She was told by other volunteers.
( )39. Why did the volunteers tell the mayor they wanted to build a jogging trail?
A. They needed a park to jog around.
B. They wanted to thank Elena for her help.
C. They thought it was a good place for jogging.
D. They hoped the mayor could jog with them every day.
( ) 40. What can be the best title for the story?
A. Elena and a Mayor B. Elena and New City Park
C. Elena and Some Volunteers D. Elena and a Jogging Trail
【参考答案】
阅读理解（本题有15小题，每小题2分，共30分）
26-40 DACAC DBBCD BDABD
(4)“阅读理解”的题型设置
阅读理解是通过语篇对学生综合运用语言能力进行考查的题型。研究近几年的中考阅读理解试题，我们发现，阅读理解题的难度并不是很大，主要以确认短文的事实和细节为主。但是随着新课程标准的实施，对学生高层阅读能力方面的要求已有所增加。比如，在高考英语中常用的逻辑推理、词句理解和归纳全文主旨大意等难度较大的题目也逐渐纳入中考英语考查之列。
从考查形式上来看，“阅读理解”的题型主要分为两大类：客观试题和主观试题。
① 客观试题
客观试题一般包括选择题和正误判断题。题目的设计方式是：在短文、图文或图表材料后给出若干个不完整的句子，或者根据短文材料内容提出若干个问题，要求考生在正确理解材料的基础上，判断句子的正误或者从所给的四个备选项中选出一个正确答案。考虑到阅卷上的方便，中考阅读理解题大多以这种方式来命制的。例如：
【阅读文章，选择】
A four-year-old girl is lying in the arms of a doctor. She has just lost her mother. Her pink clothes are full of blood and her eyes look at something only she can see.
Every day we see pictures like this on our televisions. We see Iraqi (伊拉克的) children begging for food and water from American and British soldiers as they move through towns and cities towards the capital, Baghdad (巴格达). We see these children following parents, carrying bags of almost the same size as their small bodies as they escape from their homes in Baghdad.
They show just some of the young lives that have been turned upside down by ongoing war and the terrible price paid by Iraqi children.
“Dad, why are the Americans fighting against us? Are we going to be killed?” asks the son f Abu Singar, an Iraqi engineer. Abu finds it hard to explain this war to his eight-year-old son.
He tries to make him feel safe by saying, “The bombs (炸弹) are far away from us. The Americans are fighting the soldiers. We’re going to be all right.” Even though Abu knows it isn’t always true, little else can be done. In Baghdad, parents give their children sleeping pills to try and let them escape from the sound of bombs. And all the schools are closed.
Now things are worse, and the ongoing war makes it impossible to count the number who are hungry, sick, hurt or even dead.
根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
1.What happens to the children in Iraq because of the war?
A. The children will get better than before.
B. The children beg for food and water from American and British soldiers.
C. The children in Iraq go away from their homes in Baghdad.
D. The children live a most terrible life.
2.What does the word “ongoing” mean in Chinese?
A. 正在进行的 B. 非正义的 C. 未授权的 D. 影响恶劣的
3.The father doesn’t tell the true thing to his child because ______.
A. he wants to make his child not feel dangerous
B. he and his child are afraid to lose each other in the war
C. he doesn’t want his child to believe American soldiers
D. he will lose his country and his home
4.The war in Iraq tells us that ________.
A. the Iraqi people in the war are much hungrier and worse
B. we should help the Iraqi people build their country again
C. nothing can be done except fighting
D. both A and B
5.What would be the best title (标题) for the report?
A. Iraqi children during the War
B. Sickness, Death in Iraq
C. America and England Fight against Iraq
D. A Girl in the War in Iraq
(Keys: 1.D 2.A 3.A 4.D 5.A)
【阅读文章，判断正误】
Here is a page from a magazine named Future. Read the following information about things that may happen in ten years. And then do the exercise below.
A.
Cars will run on solar power (太阳能) or electricity and will be much cleaner. They will be much safer. For example, if you are too close to another car or if you are driving dangerously, your car will slow down by itself.
B.
Because there won’t be any spare land, new cities will have to be built in the sea. Some cities on water will have two levels (层). People will live on the upper level; the lower level will be used for traffic, shops and factories.
C.
Biotechnology (生物技术) will make food better and healthier. Plants that are not affected (影响) by insects or illnesses will be developed. The taste of fruit and vegetables will be better and food will be kept longer.
D.
New technology will be used to make TVs that are only 5cm thick. They will have pictures that are as clear as photos. Electrical appliances (家用电器) will be quieter and will be controlled by computer. They will also use 50% less power.
E.
Many new ways to cure (治愈) illnesses will be successful using products of genetic engineering (基因产品). Cures will be found for the flu and the common cold. However, some new illnesses will appear.
判断下列句子是否符合短文内容，符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示。
1.Cars using solar power or electricity will cause fewer accidents and less pollution.
2.People will be able to live in the new cities in the sea.
3.Biotechnology will help divide food into two groups: better food and healthier food.
4.Electrical appliances will save 50% of power because they are controlled by computers.
5.Genetic engineering can help doctors to cure illnesses.
6.The information above is about the history of the development of modern science.
(Keys: 1.T 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.T 6.F)
② 主观试题
在中考英语试卷中，主观试题出现得虽然不是很普遍，但它反映了英语新课程标准的精神。与客观试题相比，主观试题更能检测出学生的真实英语水平，不少省市开始对这种题型有所涉及，且有逐渐增加之势。
主观试题通常包括以下几种命题方式：
a. 填空题
所谓“填空题”，就是在短文或图文材料后，给出若干个句子或一段经过改写的短文或对话，并且在句子、短文或对话中留有若干空格，要求在每个空格中填入一个或几个单词，使句子、短文或对话所表达的意思与原来所给材料内容保持一致。例如：
【例题 I】
Most people have jobs. They go to work nearly every day. Some people are lucky. Either they have very interesting jobs or they make a lot of money. Most people are not so lucky. Either their jobs are not very interesting or they don’t make much money.
The most interesting jobs are often the most difficult. People take a long time to learn how to do them. Doctors study for at least six years after finishing school.
Some young people have interesting and high-pay jobs. Many young players do their work successfully. Football and tennis stars are usually under 35 Years old. Older people usually cannot play these sports very well. They cannot move fast enough. Golf, however is a good sport for older people. Many golf players are quite old, but they can play it successfully.
Most people work until they are 60 or 65 years old. Then they retire (退休) and have a lot of free time. Some people never retire though. These people usually have very interesting jobs. Writers, artists, scientists and actors (演员) usually work until they die. Their work is their life.
根据短文内容，完成下列句子，每空一词。
1.Some ______ people have interesting or high-pay jobs, _____ most people don’t have such good luck.
2.Some jobs ______ a long time to learn because they are ______.
3.Young players can _____very fast, so many of them play these _____ like football and tennis very ______.
4.Golf is a good sport for ______ people.
5.Most people keep _____ until the age of 60 or 65. but writers, artists, scientists and actors can work all their _______.
(选自吉林省中考试题)
【参考答案Keys:】
1.lucky, while/but 2. take, difficult/hard
3.move/run, sports/games, well/successfully 4.old/older 5.working, lives)
【例题II】
School education is very important and useful. The students both learn knowledge and get an education. Yet, no one can learn everything from school. The scientists，such as Edison，Newton，Galileo and Einstein, didn’t learn everything from school. They learned a lot of knowledge outside school or in practice by themselves. A teacher, even he knows a lot, can’t teach his students everything.
The teacher’s job is to show his students how to learn, how to read and how to think. A good teacher with rich experience in teaching can teach his students the methods(= ways)of study. Through these methods the students are able to learn and get a lot of things by themselves.
Usually it is very easy for the students to remember some knowledge, but it is very difficult to use it for problems. If a teacher really shows the students the ability of how to use knowledge, it means the teacher has learned lots of knowledge by himself (or herself). The success in learning shows he or she knows how to study.
(A)根据短文内容选择最佳答案。
1.From this passage we know ________.
A. the students are taught everything at school
B. a teacher can't teach the students everything
C. school is really not important and useful
D. Edison learned lots of knowledge at school
2. A teacher's job is ________.
A. to help the students with their lessons
B. to teach the students everything
C. to show the students how to study by themselves
D. to tell them the way to study
3. Choose the right order of this passage.
a. How important are the study methods for students？
b. What does the teacher’s experience of success in study mean？
c. Where should the students study？
d. What is the job of a teacher？
A. c, a, b, d B. b, c, a, d C. c, b, d, a D. c, d, a, b
4. Which of the following is right？
A. If we know how to learn，we can get a lot of knowledge.
B. We can learn everything from our teachers.
C. The writer tells us that practice is more important for the students than learning.
D. It is the only job for the students to learn knowledge.
5. Which of the following is the best title(标题)？
A. A real job for teachers
B. Study in and outside school
C. Practice—the only way of learning
D. How to learn knowledge
【参考答案】Keys: 1—5 BCDAA
(B)根据短文大意及空格提示的第一个字母，把单词拼写完整，使句子正确。
Most things can not be e (6)without f (7), but reading can. While we are sitting a (8)in our houses, we can t (9)around the whole world, and we can u (10)lots of things. We can talk with the persons hundreds of years ago. Though we may be not i (11), we can become the friends of g (12)men. Only books can give us these p (13). If you can not enjoy them, you are a p (14)person. If you enjoy them most, you will be the h (15)person in the world.
【参考答案】
6. enjoyed 7. friends 8. alone 9. travel 10. understand
11. important 12. great 13. pleasures 14. poor 15. happiest
b. 问答题
所谓“问答题”，就是在短文、图文或图表材料后给出若干个问题，要求考生根据所给材料信息写出正确的答语。答句可以使用完整的句子，也可以使用能体现问题答案的省略句。例如：
Nearly every parent says that we never grow up. In fact, we are maybe 16 or 17 years old. In their eyes, we are always little ones and always do wrong things. For example, when I need to stay at home, alone, they always worry about me and my life without them.
Most parents always think that they have offered the best things they can to make their children live in a comfortable world. They buy their children pretty clothes, cool shoes, strange but expensive school things, and always a thousand-Yuan-cost bike. They think that they have done everything they can to their dear little children. In return, they only want their little boy to give them good results in the examinations
But why their little babies still can’t understand them? Why? Does it mean that they still want more material (物质的)things? No. As a matter of fact, what they want is a true family. What does a true family mean? I think it means a place where we can hide ourselves from the outside cold world. From here, we can get warmth, we can get consolation(安慰), and we can get happiness. And one important thing is that we should be stronger and more confident(自信的) in the outside world because we know that we have a family.
So I think that parents should save their money and sit down to talk with their child to let them know that they have a true family, so the child and his parents could understand each other more and more. Then, no boy will be regarded as a little boy.
阅读短文, 回答问题。
1. What are always like in our parents’ eyes?
___________________________________________________________________
2. What do parents expect of us when they give us so much?
___________________________________________________________________
3. Do children want a true family? What does a true family mean?
___________________________________________________________________
4. How can parents no longer regard us as little children?
___________________________________________________________________
(选自扬州市中考试题)
【参考答案Keys: 】
1. In their eyes, we are always little ones (children) and always do wrong things.
2. They only want us to give them good results in the examinations/exam. 或Good results in the examinations/exam.
3. Yes. I think it means a place where we can hide ourselves from the outside cold world. 或Yes. It is a place from where we can get warmth, we can get consolation, and we can get happiness.
4. They can talk with us and we can understand each other more and more.
c. 其他
随着中学英语考试的不断发展，阅读理解传统的命题方式不断地暴露出它的局限性。为了迎合素质教育的要求，在近几年的中考英语试题中，出现了一些既考查知识又考查能力，而且形式新颖的“阅读理解”试题类型。例如：
I
Most people in Britain live in small family groups. More than a quarter of houses in Britain have only got one person in them. Some of these are old people but some are people of twenty to thirty who choose to live alone. 35% of houses have two people in them, and another 17% have three people. 15% have four people in them, and the other homes have five or more…
1. According to the passage，which of the diagrams is right.
【参考答案Keys: 1. A】
分析：本篇阅读材料采用了文字叙述与数字图形相结合的方式，形式新颖，别具一格。尤其值得称道的是，该小题将文字阅读与数学坐标进行有效结合，很好地体现了不同学科间知识的相互渗透，符合当今素质教育的发展和要求，是非常值得借鉴的，也是未来命题的趋势之一。
III 阅读下面的短文，把A—E五个句子填入文中空缺处(50— 54)，使短文内容完整正确，然后完成第55题。
Plants are important living things. Life could not go on if there were no plants.
50 But animals and men can't make food from them. 51 Men live on plants and animals too. So animals and men need plants to live. 52 If you look carefully at the plants around you, you will find there are many kinds of plants. 53 Most plants are green. Some plants have many small leaves; others have only a few large leaves. 54 They are different in shapes(形状)and colors.
Except having different shapes and colors, leaves are also different in other ways. Some leaves have short stalks(叶柄)while others have long ones, some others have no stalks at all.
A. That is why we find there are so many plants around us.
B. There are many kinds of leaves.
C. Animals get their food by eating plants and other animals.
D. This is because plants can make food from air，water，and sunlight.
E. Some plants are large while others are small.
55. Which is the best title(题目)for this passage? (略)
【参考答案Keys: 50—54 D C A E B】
分析：从表面上来看，这道阅读理解题只是将五个备选句子填入短文中的空缺处。然而，考生只有在透彻理解短文的基础上，弄清上下文之间的关系，才能做出正确的选择。其命题实质上就是在语篇中考查学生上下文衔接的能力。
IV 阅读下面的短文，根据所给语境，按要求完成下面的题目。
Fresh (淡的)water is very important to people, animals, and plants. (82)If there is no water, we all could not live.
Many places in the world need more fresh water.(83)Every country is trying to find ways to turn salt water into fresh water.
In some places,(84)the sun is not hot enough, or it doesn't shine every day.
In such places, (85)heating (加热), ways, sea water, used, can, other, be, of. These ways cost more money, but they work faster than the sun. By boiling(煮沸)sea water with high heat, a lot of fresh water can be made quickly.
(86)但加热不是用海水制淡水的唯一方法。Other ways are tried. One way is freezing(冷冻). The fresh part of salt water freezes first. To get fresh water, the bits of ice are taken out.
(87)哪种方法最佳？The one that gives the most water for the least money. It may be a different way for each place.
A. 将82处的复合句改写成简单句。
82._________________________
B. 将83、84两处的英文翻译成汉语。
83. _______________
84. _______________
C. 将85处斜体部分的单词组成一个句子。
85. _________________________
D. 将86、87两处的汉语译成英文。
86. _________________________
87. _________________________
【参考答案Keys: 】
82. We all couldn't live without water.
83. 各个国家都在设法寻找用海水制淡水的方法。(各个国家都在设法寻找将海水转化为淡水的方法。)
84. 太阳光热不很充足，或者不是每天都有阳光。
85. Other ways of heating seawater can be used.
86. But heating isn't the only way to get fresh water from salt water. (or…to turn salt water into fresh water)
87. Which way is the best?)
分析：看上去这是一道阅读理解题，其实它是一篇集阅读、词法、句法、翻译于一体的综合性题目，是对考生读、写、译综合水平的检测。此题充分体现了语言的综合性、应用性等特点，具有很强的创新性和导向性。
从考查内容上来看，“阅读理解”题目的设疑方式主要有以下几种：
a. 查找事实、细节型
这类题目主要包括事实识别、有关计算、识图、排列顺序等。一般地，这类题目可以直接从短文中找到可用的信息。这些问题一般都涉及到文章的“5W”，即 who(人物)，when(时间)，where(地点)， what(事件)，why(原因)，how(方式)等。题目设计大多直截了当。只要通读全文，注意文中所述的重要事实或细节，就可以做出正确解答。以图表材料命制的题目更是如此。例如：
山东省烟台市中考“阅读理解”短文(D)中有下面这样一段话：
He/She should have an interest in making pizza. More importantly, he/she should have work experience in a restaurant.
针对这段文字，文后设有这样一道题：
The ad (广告) tells us that ____________________.
A. the assistant must be a man. B. the assistant must have once worked in a restaurant.
C. Pucci Pizza has branches all over China. D. Pucci Pizza is not in Taichung.
【分析】本小题选项B的意思是“要招聘的这个人必须曾在饭馆工作过”。即要具有一定
的从事餐饮业的经验。这与原文中叙述的事实“More importantly, he/she should have work experience in a restaurant.”相比较，形式上虽不大一样，但其内涵却完全相同。如果考生准确地理解了短文中的这句话，问题即可迎刃而解。
又如广东省中考“阅读理解”短文(C)篇中有这样一句话：
In the past, there were forests all around Lake Ponkapog, so the rainwater was clean.
短文后的题目是：
In the past Lake Ponkapog was surrounded by ________. A. fish B. rain C. birds D. forests
【分析】题目所要问的是“Lake Ponkapog四周过去被什么东西所环绕？” 而阅读材料中已用There be句型表达出了这层意思，句式不同，却有异曲同工之妙。
b. 理解词句或句子含义型
结合具体的语境，正确理解单词、词组或句子在阅读材料中的确切含义，是阅读理解能力的一个重要方面。有些词句，虽然未曾学过，但可通过上下文语境推测其含义，有些词虽然不是生词，但在具体的语言环境中已被赋予了特定的、新的含义。例如：
广东省中考“阅读理解”短文(C)中有这样一道题涉及猜测词义：
Now there are many houses around the lake. People often use chemicals in their gardens. They use other chemicals inside their houses for cleaning or killing insects (昆虫). There are also many businessmen. Businessmen use chemicals in their machines or shops.
短文后的第66小题是：
“Chemicals” in the story means ______. A. 化学家 B. 污染品 C. 药品 D. 化学制品
【分析】单从“People often use chemicals in their gardens.”这句话是不大容易猜测出该词的意思的。然而这个词在这个段落中接连出现了三次。第一次是说人们常在花园里使用它，第二次人们在清理房间或杀死昆虫时在屋子里使用它，第三次是说商人们还将其用于机器或在车间中使用。由此，A项和B项明显是错误的。C项具有较大的迷惑性，不过根据“Businessmen use chemicals in their machines or shops.”可知它是不恰当的。
c. 逻辑推理型
这类题目的答案在原文中是不能直接找到的，必须抓住文中相关信息，顺藤摸瓜，进行有理有据的分析、归纳和推理，才能找出答案。有时需要透彻理解作者的双关语和弦外之音等。
逻辑推理型(a) ----根据常识推断
很多短文所设计的题目往往与其它方面的常识相关联，有时需结合或根据已有的常识做出判断。比如解答科学小品文的题目可能要用到物理或化学方面的知识，解答跟自然科学有关的题目可能要用到地理、生物方面的知识等。靠这些知识的帮助，往往能快速做出解答，至少可以更加准确地理解短文。例如：
One day we invited some friends to dinner. When it was about six o’clock, my wife found that we had little bread. So she asked our five-year-old daughter, Kathy, to buy some.
One day, Kathy’s parents invited some friends to ________.
A. have breakfast B. have lunch C. have supper D. have a party
【分析】由文中“One day we invited some friends to dinner.”一句可知，主人要宴请客人吃饭，所以D项(聚会)不合文意，先予以排除。但是在早(breakfast)，午(lunch)，晚(supper)三餐中，却未明确指出到底请客人吃哪一顿饭。英语中对“dinner”一词的解释是：main meal of the day, whether eaten at midday or in the evening. 这样可以将A项排除。至于是B还是C，仍然不能确定。再看下文中的“When it was about six o’clock…”，显然，快六点了，主人尚未准备就绪。根据生活常识，这里的无疑是下午六点钟，再结合“一日三餐”这一常识，他们请客人吃的只能是晚饭，所以可以推断出正确答案是C。
逻辑推理型(b) ----根据计算判断
有些题目需根据短文的意思进行数字运算。中考的“阅读理解”中的数据推算并不要求高深的数学知识。在有关数据推算的试题中，根据短文所提供的数据进行必要的运算时，所涉及的数学知识一般都比较简单，关键在于准确理解原文的含义。例如：
安徽芜湖中考“阅读理解”短文(D)中有这样一道题涉及数据运算：
If the population of Beijing grows to fifteen million by 2008, how many people will probably be able to speak English? About _________.
A. 15,000,000 B. 4,500,000 C. 3,000,000 D. 1,500,000
阅读材料中的原文是：
In five years the percentage (比例) of Beijing residents who can speak English will be raised to around 30 percent from 15 percent now.
【分析】原文中提到：五年之后，会说英语的北京居民的比例将会由现在的15%提升到30%。试卷所提的问题是：如果到2008年北京的人口达到15,000,000，会说英语的人将会有多少？尽管短文中没有提到这个数据，但根据题意不难推算15,000,000×30%=4,500,000
所以答案为B。
逻辑推理型(c) ----根据逻辑关系推断
根据短文中的基本事实、故事情节发展的逻辑关系(如时间、因果、条件、比较、转折、让步等，)进行深层的理解，并在此基础上进行题目的理解。在逻辑判断题中，这部分题目是比较难做的。例如：
We are in the computer age. We often see computers at work. They are especially usefully in automatic control, data processing (数据处理) and solving complicated problems. And they are finding their way into the home. The part played by computers is becoming even more important with each passing day.
More and clever computers will continue to appear. They will run faster, have more functions and work much more skillfully. They will take over more tasks from us, helping to change the face of our world. Some people even think that sooner or later computers will replace us.
However…
Which of the following will best continue the third paragraph?
A. Computers will soon stop developing. B. Many people like computers very much.
C. Computers are as cleverer as man. D. I do not think computers will replace us completely.
【分析】显然，本文采用了对比的方式来表达自己对电脑的看法。前面描写了计算机的优点，但作者用however一词预示自己将引出相反的观点，故答案为D。
d. 归纳主旨型
这类题目要求考生在理解全文大意的基础上，对短文做出总结或概括性的评价。这种题目要求考生不仅能确切把握文中的事实和细节，而且更要透彻理解短文主旨。有的时候还要求对作者写作的意图、观点进行剖析，甚至推测作者的语气、态度等。在表现形式上常采用下列句式：
From the story, we can say/see _________.
According to (根据) the passage, we know that ____________.
The title (标题) of the passage / can be _______________.
The writer tells us _________.
From the story we can see ／learn__________.
The main idea of this passage is ___________.
What is this passage about？
请看下面的例文：
Have you ever heard your own voice? “Of course,” you say.
Has anyone else ever heard your voice? Again you say, “Of course.”
But that’s not quite true. Nobody else has ever heard your voice—the way you hear it. When you talk, you set up sound waves (声波). The air outside your head carries the sound waves to your outer ears. But, of course, the sound of your voice begins inside your head. The bones (骨头) of your head pick up the sound waves, too. They carry the sound waves straight to your inner(里面的) ears. You get the sound from the outside and the inside too. Other people get just the sound waves from the outside. That’s why they don’t hear your voice the way you do.
1. Sound travels in the form (形式) of __________.
A. bones B. air C. waves D. voice
2. The sound of your voice begins ________.
A. inside your head B. outside your head
C. in your inner ears D. in your outer ears
3. When you talk, other people hear your voice _______.
A. through the bones of your head B. from the outside
C. from the inside D. all of the above
4. The phrase “pick up” here means ________.
A. to raise B. to get C. to choose D. to pull
5. The passage is mainly about _________.
A.waves in the air
B. the way you hear your own voice
C. voice gets around far and wide
D. the different ways you and others hear your voice
(选自扬州市中考试题)
【分析】这篇阅读材料所讲的是我们每个人都熟悉的事。答案分别是：1.C 2. A 3. B 4.B 5. D。
下面我们就来着重分析一下考查归纳主旨的第5小题。通读全文，我们知道短文的大意是：别人听到我们声音的方式与我们自己听到的方式是不同的。周围的空气将我们说话时发出的声波传送到外耳。由于声音是从头的内部发出来的，我们自己的头骨也受到声波的振动，并直接将声波传送到内耳里。这也就是说，我们自己是从外部和内部两处同时听到声音的。而别人则不然，他们只是从外部接收到我们发出的声波。根据短文提供的以上信息，不难看出，这篇短文的主旨是“自己和别人听到自己声音的方式是不同的”。所以答案为D。
此外，在中考英语试题中，还常出现“图形理解”这种形式的题目。这类题材的阅读材料主要考查考生对图表的分析和理解能力。牵涉的范围很广，如商店、公共场所的招牌，车站、飞机场的时刻表以及广告、报刊的片断等。请看下面的一段例文：
Look at the following train timetable. According to the information in the timetable and complete the sentences with the right words.
1.The first train to London on a Saturday leaves Leeds at ________to seven.
2.The nine ten train runs only on ________.
3.The trains at six forty-five and ________arrive in London before ten o'clock.
4.There are _______ trains to London every Monday morning.
5.The ten thirty train on a Saturday is a very ______one.
(选自全国中学生英语能力竞赛初三组试题)
【分析】解答图表题，要仔细阅读表格中的内容，尤其是有关表格的说明。表格类阅读材料一般都直观地表达出所要传递的信息。考生只要能看懂各个项目的意义，即可找出所设问题的答案。这类材料一般不涉及难度太大的题目，只是在航班、列车等时刻表等材料中，经常出现利用出发时刻(Departure)和到达时刻(Arrival)来计算路途中所需的时间等题目。
1. a quarter。这由表格中的第一个时间0545可知。
2. Saturdays。The nine ten train就是指的是九点十分的火车，从表格中找到0910，往上可以查到CF和S，根据下面的图示可知S指的就是星期六，即Saturdays。
3. seven twenty-five。在表格中，我们可明显看到首发的两班车 (到达分别时间是：0908和0945)都是在十点钟前到达目的地，而第三班车则是在1014这一时间到达的。
4. four。从表格中不难找到含有MF字符的三趟火车，再加上0945从LEEDS出发的那一班正好是四趟。其余两趟只有星期天才发车。
5. slow。The ten thirty train on a Saturday这趟火车是表格中的倒数第二个，它的发车时间后面有一个c，根据下面的注解，这个字符是换车(change at Doncaster)之意，那么怎么样才能知道它是慢车呢？原来，我们只有通过计算它的发车时间和到站时间(1030，1456)才能得到答案，这趟车途中所用时间是四小时十六分，然后再与其它车次所用的时间进行比较，就会发现它是最慢的。
【实战训练】
阅读理解 (共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)
阅读下面的三篇短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，
选择最佳选项。
A
For some people, the sight of a mouse can be the reason to scream. For other mice, the same sight can be the reason to sing.
Mice will possibly never sing their way to Broadway (百老汇), but researchers from Washington University in the United States have found evidence that mice do, in fact, sing. Until now, singing mice have become stars in cartoons, but they have never been heard singing out in real life before.
Scientists already knew that mice make ultrasonic (超声波) sounds—noises that are too high for people to hear without special equipment(仪器). Mouse babies cry out when they lose their mothers. Male mice make noise when they smell females.
To find out whether mice put such sounds together in song-like pattern(模式), the researchers recorded the sounds of 45 male mice. They put each mouse in its own room and cause them to make noise. Microphones recorded the sounds.
Using computer software, the researchers found the mice produced about 10 syllables(音节) every second.
The results showed that nearly all of the mice repeated sequences (顺序)of syllables in different ways. Scientists call that a song. Birds, whales, and people do the same thing.
Not all scientists are sure that what the mice are doing is actually singing. To prove it, the researchers must show that mice are able to learn to sing. And, they need to figure out why the mice sing. One guess, the researchers say, is that male mice use songs to attract females that they like.
However, the discovery that mice produce such complicated sounds could be useful for the study of communication in animals, including people.
26. We hear mice singing only when we ▲ .
A. pay special attention to them B. go to Broadway
C. have learned a lot about them D. watch a cartoon movie
27. From the third paragraph, we know ▲ .
A. mice often sing their songs to warn other mice
B. mice are more clever than human beings
C. mice only use ultrasonic sounds to communicate
D. mice’s ultrasonic sounds are too high for people to hear without special equipment
28. What does the passage mainly tell us?
A. Mice sing in real life. B. Mouse babies cry in real life.
C. Mice sing for no reasons. D. Computers are used to study mouse songs.
B
I entered St. Thomas’ Hospital as a medical student at the age of 18 and spent five years there. I was an unsatisfied student I had always wanted to be a writer and in the evening, I wrote and read. Before long, I wrote a novel, called Liza of Lambeth. I sent it to a publisher and it was accepted. It came out during my last year at the hospital and had something of success. It was of course an accident, but naturally I didn’t know that. I felt I could afford to give up medicine and make writing my profession. So, three days after I graduated from the school of medicine, I set out for Spain to write another book. Looking back now, I realize I was taking a fearful risk. It never even happened to me.
The next ten years was very hard, and I earned 100 pounds a year. Then I had a bit of luck. The manager of the Court Theatre put on a play that failed and the next play he arranged to put on was not ready, and he was at his wit’s end. He read a play of mine and, though he did not much like it, he thought it might just run for six weeks till the play he had in mind could be produced. It ran for 15 months. Within a short while I had four plays running in London at the same time. Nothing of the kind had even happened before. I was the talk of the town. One of the students at St. Thomas’ Hospital asked the famous surgeon(外科医生) with whom I had worked whether he remembered me. “Yes, I remember him quite well,” he said. “One of our failures, I’m afraid.”
29. The writer thought he was an unsatisfied student because ▲ .
A. he didn’t like the hospital he worked in B. he didn’t enjoy the work in the hospital
C. he thought he could be a famous doctor D. he didn’t want to earn so little money
30. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. The writer succeeded as a doctor during his stay in the hospital.
B. The writer set out for Spain to write another book soon after he graduated.
C. The writer lived a happy life after he graduated from the school of medicine.
D. The writer became a famous surgeon after he graduated from the school of medicine.
31. What does the underlined part “and he was at his wit’s end” mean in the passsage?
A. He didn’t know what to do. B. He didn’t realize what would happen.
C. He was successful at that time. D. He was ready to help others.
C
Next time you’re unhappy or complaining about your life, don’t turn to a cheerful comedy. You might find a tear-jerking tragedy(催人泪下的悲剧) is just the thing you need to brighten your day. A team of researchers at Ohio State University, US, has found sad movies can make people happier, Science Daily reported last month. Many people find tragedies make them realize how good their own lives are, the study showed. “People seem to use tragedies as a way to reflect on the important relationships in their own lives,” said Silvia Knobloch-Westerwick, leader of the study. “Tragic stories often focus on themes of eternal(永恒的) love, and this leads viewers to think about their loved ones and count their good and helpful things.” In the study, researchers gathered 361 college students and showed them the 2007 movie, Atonement. The movie is about two lovers who are separated(分离) and finally die during World War II. Before and after the movie, the students were asked questions measuring(衡量) how happy they were with their lives. Researchers also asked them before, after and three times during the movie to measure various emotions, including sadness. Researchers found that the sadder students felt while watching the movie, the more likely they were to think about real people they had close relationships with in life. This increased their happiness after watching the movie. Knobloch-Westerwick explained that negative(消极的) moods make people more thoughtful. “Positive(积极的) emotions show that everything is fine, you don’t have to worry, you don’t have to think about problems in your life,” she said. “But negative emotions, like sadness, make you think more critically about your situation. So seeing a tragic movie may make you sad, but that will make you to think more about your own close relationships and appreciate them more.” The link between watching a tragic story and feeling better has long been recognized. The ancient Greeks even had a word for the feeling of happiness after seeing something sad that led to the modern English word “catharsis (宣泄)”. The study also showed that relationships are a very important source of happiness in our lives, so it is no surprise that thinking about your loved ones makes you happier, researchers said.
32. Which of the following about the study of Ohio State University is NOT true?
A. Only sadness is measured in the study.
B. Students’ emotions are measured by asking questions.
C. The study shows relationships are a source of happiness.
D. Those who felt sadder when watching the movie were more likely to be happier after that.
33. Why are ancient Greeks mentioned in the passage?
A. To introduce the meaning of the word “Catharsis”.
B. To explain the importance of knowing how to become happier.
C. To prove that they were of high intelligence and guessed its meaning.
D. To tell readers the relationship between tragedies and happiness was found long ago.
34. From Knobloch-Westerwick’s explanation, we can learn that ▲ .
A. seeing tragedies makes you more thoughtful
B. positive emotions make you think more about your relationships
C. negative emotions show you have no need to think about your situation
D. after seeing comedies, you will appreciate your close relationships more
35. Which is the title of the passage?
A. Watching sad films may start smiles B. There is eternal love in the world
C. It’s useless to complain about life D. Comedies should make way for tragedies
阅读理解（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）
26.
D
27.
D
28.
A
29.
B
30.
B
31.
A
32.
A
33.
D
34.
A
35.
A
(5)“阅读理解”的解题技巧与策略
①“阅读理解”的解题步骤与思路点拨
a. 浏览问题，通读全文。做阅读理解题之前，首先要匆匆读一下短文后面的题目，然后带着这些问题去阅读所给的材料，获取文中的各种信息。带着问题阅读可以做到有的放矢，增加目的性，从而避免在不必要的信息上浪费时间。同时，带着问题阅读，可缩小阅读的范围，更便于捕捉关键的信息。通读时可边读边用铅笔做些标记，把有关的人物、事件、时间、地点、起因 (即5个W：who，what，when， where，why) 划出来。例如：逢人物就圈起来，看完短文数一数，有几个圈就是几个人，一目了然。
通读全文时，尤其要注意短文首段或每一自然段的首句。在记叙文中，这往往是交待某一事件发生的时间、地点或相关人物的；在其它类型的文章中，也往往是反映作者观点或写作意图的关键句子。文章最后一段往往是总括全文的，是事件的结局或作者表达的态度、意图、目的等。特别是短文的末尾一句，往往起着画龙点睛的作用。命题者也常常就这一句设置一个题目，而且往往是难度较大的题。这样一来便容易抓住中心，为下一步准确、快速地解题打下良好的基础。
b. 解答问题，选定答案。浏览全文，获取了文中的主要信息之后，就可以一边认真阅读题目，一边细心答题了。首先，要弄懂题干的内容和要求，然后到文中去找相应的信息。不管是哪一种形式的阅读理解题，其涉及的内容都会在文中直接或间接地体现出来。对那些很明显就能在短文中找到依据的题目，要一锤定音。其次，依照题目和找到的信息，进行推理判断。推理和判断时，一定要依据文中信息，做到有理有据，而且要细致入微，丝毫马虎不得。如果遇到的题目很难或无法根据所给材料做出明确的判断，这时，要统观全文，在理解文字表面意思的基础上进行深入分析、推理，找到解决问题的突破口，然后结合文章主题和有关常识进行思考，从而可以推断出正确答案。如果遇到百思不得其解的问题，可暂时将其搁置一旁，等做完其它题目之后，然后再回头来推敲这些悬而未决的题目。
值得一提的是，虽然有时候在选项里会出现原文中的某些语句，但它们往往是迷惑项，与答案的选定根本不相干。因此，越是这样的选项，越要引起注意，看看是否与所提的问题有联系，是否还有更贴近文章原意的选项，以免误选。
c. 力求稳妥，复核检查。在完成了全部的题目之后，还必须快速地、有针对性地重读一遍短文，特别是要留意与题目相关的文字。对于选择题，看一看所选择的答案是不是最佳答案；对填词题或问答题，看一看所填入的单词或所作回答是否与文中有关内容相符，书写是否正确。这是最后一步，也是非常重要的一步，不能疏忽。一旦发现前后矛盾、遗漏要点等错误，要立即纠正。
②“阅读理解”中考应试指南
a. 保持良好的精神状态。良好的精神状态对于考场上的考生来说非常重要。因为只有在心理放松的情况下，考生的精力才能够集中，思维才会敏捷，从而才能将自己的真实水平发挥出来。
b. 抓住中
本集精品侧重讲解阅读理解，同时穿插了历年的期中、期末、竞赛、模拟、联考、真题试卷中的阅读理解，具有参考价值，欢迎下载使用。本精品共47页。
2014中考阅读理解： 第一章 概述
“阅读理解”是指阅读所给的文字材料，掌握它的主要内容并理解其含义。实际上，“阅读理解”是通过认识语言形式与结构而获取文字信息的过程。
阅读是英语学习的重要组成部分。阅读理解能力的高低直接影响着听、说、写等各方面能力的形成和发展。因此，各省、市都把阅读理解题作为中考英语必考的最重要的题型之一，并且越来越重视对阅读理解能力的考查：阅读量逐渐增多，知识面逐步拓宽，难度系数逐年加大。
【实战训练】
阅读理解（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The Queen Elizabeth and her sister Margaret had very different characters (性格) : Elizabeth was very serious and tidy; Margaret was outgoing and headstrong. But they kept close as sisters. When had lessons at home with their governess Marion Crawford, Margaret was often naughty. Elizaeth always protected her every time when she broke rules. When they grew up, Magaret has sad love stories and unhappy marriage. The Queen gave her a lot of help.
Margaret was one of the few people who could lose their temper with the Queen. Even as an adult, she would sometimes shout at her. Once she threw a dishcloth at Elizabeth's face when they had a picnic. But they never quarreled for long. To Queen Elizabeth, it was a sadness that her sister never found lasting (持久的) personal happiness.
51.What kind of person was Elizabeth like? She was ________.
A. serious and tidy B. outgoing and tidy
C. easygoing aand headstrong D. serious and headstrong
52.The word "governess" means ________.
A. 服务员 B. 家庭女教师 C. 牧师 D.管家
53.Who had an unhappy family life according to the story?
A. Elizabeth. B. Margaret.
C. Marion Crawford. D. Both Elizabeth and Margaret.
54.According to the story, which of the following is not true?
A. The queen and her sister had quite different characters.
B. Elizabeth always protected her sister C. The sisters often fought each other
D. Elizabeth felt sorry for her sister for her unsuccessful marriage.
55.What is the main idea of the story?
A. Elizabeth was a kind person B. The two sisters lived happily
C. Margaret had sad love stories D. The two sisters had a very good relationship
B
Shenzhen's fast development has made it become China's most crowded city! There are about 15 million people living on its 1991square kilometers. On each square kilometer averagely live 7500 people. It is 1080 more than that in Hong Kong, and nearly 800 more than that in Guangzhou.
Besides, Shenzhen owns 2 million local vehicles, and about 300,000 vehicles from other places also run on the local roads every day. The total length of the city's road is 6041 kilometers. It means each resident only owns 0.58 meters of road!
As a result, the city is facing serious environmental and resource problems. One of the problems is water shortage. The amount of fresh water for each person of the city is only 25% of the country's average. What's more, most of the water drunk by Shenzhen people comes from other areas.
56.According to the passage, which of the following makes Shenzhen so crowded?
A. Shenzhen has not enough water. B. There are too many people
C. Shenzhen is developing very fast D. Shenzhen is too small
57.There are _______ people living in Shenzhen now.
A. about 1991 B. about 15,000,000 C. about 150,000 D. about 300,000
58.In Hong Kong, there are _______ people on every kilometer.
A. about 7500 B. about 1080 C. about 800 D. about 6420
59.Which problem in Shenzhen is not mentioned in the passage?
A. Traffic accidents. B. Water shortage.
C. Environmental problems D. Population problem.
60.Which is the best title for this passage?
A. Largest Population in China. B. Biggest Problems in Shenzhen
C. Busiest Roads in Shenzhen D. Most Crowded City in China
C
Old George bought the black gloves for just $35 ten years ago. They were made of lamb skin, soft and warm and very strong. Until then, he had worn cheaper man-made material. Those gloves never lasted longer than three years. He first decided to buy the expensive gloves, because they would make him feel nice in front of others.
George never let a drop of water or rain touch his expensive gloves, so they looked new. Losing this favourite thing was almost like losing a child to him.
Bad luck! George lost his expensive gloves on New Year's Day.
Back home, George was at a loss. In deep winter, he could not do without a pair of gloves. If he bought cheap ones again, he would have to replace (更换) them very soon. If he bought a new leather pair, it would cost $50 now. He was upset that people no longer returned things they found on the road.
After the holiday, poor George decided to buy another leather pair. Before boarding the subway, he went into Value Mart again to see if his gloves had been returned to the Lost and Found Office (失物招领处).
"What colour are they?" the woman in the office asked again.
"Black," he gave the same answer. She looked into her drawer and drew out a pair of men's leather gloves. "Are they?"
"Yes! Those are mine!" George explained, with great joy in his eyes.
61.When did George buy the leather gloves?
A. On New Year's Day. B. Before the holiday.
C. Ten years ago. D. In the winter.
62.Why did George decide to buy the expensive gloves?
A. Because they were black. B. Because they made him feel good before others.
C. Because they had a long history D. Because they were much cheaper.
63.The leather gloves looked new after years because _______.
A. George took very good care of them. B. they were soft and warm.
C. they were expensive. D. George washed them with water.
64.How did George feel when he got home on New Year's Day?
A. He was happy. B. He felt nice
C. He was thankful D. He felt upset
65.About old George, which of the following is true?
He was a very rich man
He never bought cheap gloves
He believed somebody would return the gloves to him
He hadn't ecpected to get his gloves back.
D
Nick Vujicic was born , without arms and legs, in 1982 in Melbourne, Australia. Nick faced all kinds of problems and troubles in his life. But he never gives up. Now Nick has his own speaking company: Attitude Is Attitude. And he has traveled around the world to give speeches. He shares with his audience the importance of vision and dreaming big. He says attitude (态度) is the most powerful tool in the life and failure (失败) is just a learning experience.
Mark Zuckerberg, the boss of Facebook, is only 28. In only 8 years, Zuck turned his small website into a world famous network. Zuck once wrote to his workmates, "We don't build services to make money; we make money to build better services"
Jeremy Lin's excellent performances in basketball courts attracted the eyes of both Americans and Chinese this year. Then what has led this young man to such a success? The following may help us understand it.
Believe in yourself;
Catch the chance when it comes up;
Find the system that works for your style;
People will love you for being yourself;
Stay humble (谦逊).
where there is a will, there is a way
66.Attitude Is Attitude is _______.
A. the title of Nick's speech B. Nick's company
C. an international organization D. a machine that can speak
67.Which of the following about Nick is wrong?
Nick had no arms or legs when he was born
He says people can learn from their failures
He tells his audience to dream big and have vision
He has never traveled around the world so far
68.Facebook is _______.
A. a world-wide network B. Zuck's workmate C. a popular book D. Zuck's boss
69.From what Zuck wrote, we can learn _______.
Facebook doesn't build services
Facebook doesn't make money
offering better services is more important than making money
building services doesn't make money
70.From Jeremy Lin's success, we can find _______.
A. one must have self-confidence B. catching the chance is the most important
C. one should try his best to follow others D. one must keep the rules all the time
参考答案
51-55 A B B C D 56-60 C B D A D
61-65 C B A D D 66-70 B D A C A
(1)“阅读理解”的具体要求
《九年义务教育全日制初级中学英语教学大纲》对“读”的要求如下：①能预习课文，初步理解课文大意。②学会查词典，能借助词典阅读难度相当于课文的材料，并理解其大意。③能独立阅读所学语言知识范围内的材料，生词率不超过3%。三年制和四年制的阅读速度分别是每分钟40-50和50-60个单词，理解正确率达到70%。
阅读能力强的标志不仅指阅读速度快，而且还要求理解率高。具体体现在如下几个方面：①掌握所读材料的大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节。②既能理解具体的事实，也能理解抽象的概念。③既能理解字面意思，也能理解深层含义(包括作者的态度、意图及倾向等)。④既能理解某一句话、某一段落的意义，也能理解全篇的逻辑关系，并能据此进行推理和判断。⑤既能根据材料所提供的信息解决问题，也能结合必备的常识(包括生活常识和相关的其他学科知识等)去理解和处理题目设置的疑难问题。
由于考试过程中不允许考生查字典，因此，要想解答好阅读理解题必须做到以下两点：①掌握相当的词汇量。词汇不过关，处处是难关。平常要多背诵一些基础词汇、词组、习惯短语等。教材中出现的重要句型也必须牢记。这样就能为顺利阅读提供强有力的保障。同时在记忆词汇时，要注意单词的词性及一词多义现象，这样对阅读中碰到的生词的推断会有一定的帮助。②加强“听、说、读、写、译”五项基本技能的训练，创造良好的语境。通过多听、多说、多读、多写、多译，逐步培养语感，提高综合运用语言知识的能力，为阅读能力的提高奠定坚实的基础。
【实战训练】
阅读理解 阅读下面短文，按要求答题
（A篇，第51-55小题为判断正误，每小题1分；B、C、D篇，第56-70小题为选择题，每小题2分，共35分）
A
Healthy eating is important to us. What and how should we eat to be healthy?
First, we must have enough food, never too much or too little. The food must be clean and we should cook it properly.
Second, it’s very important for us to keep a balanced diet. Different kinds of foods are necessary, such as rice, bread, meat, fish, eggs, milk and vegetables. Rice and bread give us energy. Meat, fish, eggs and milk help our bones grow. Fruit and vegetables make us healthy.
Third, we should eat regularly. It’s said that half of the students don’t have a regular breakfast or don’t eat anything at all in the morning. It is bad for their health. In fact, a good breakfast keeps us strong.
In short, we should not only eat enough food, healthy food but also eat regularly.
51. We eat food freely.
52. We should eat different kinds of healthy foods.
53. Vegetables are the most important food for our health.
54. The more regularly, the healthier we are.
55. All the students don’t have a regular breakfast.
B
A few years ago, Dave Stirling had the idea of selling CDs over the Internet. The business he started from his home in Ohio, the USA, now sells 500,000 CDs a year and has made him into a millionaire(百万富翁)at the age of 24.
“I could see that this was the future of shopping,” says Stirling. “Why should you pay $15 for a CD and spend the time and the money getting into the store and parking your car? You can have the same CD for half of the price by clicking(敲击)on your computer. And we can find any CD you want and bring it to your door in 24 hours!”
According to Stirling, this is the only beginning, “I believe that one day we’ll do our shopping over the net: it’s easier, quicker and cheaper. Shops and supermarkets will be the past.”
56. Dave Stiring started his business from______.
A. his home B. his company C. the office D. the country
57. How has Stirling become so rich?
A. By making ice cream. B. By making advertisements.
C. By selling ideas to others. D. By selling CDs over the Internet.
58. If you pay $15 for a CD in the store, how much should you pay for it over the net?
A.$15. B.$12. C.$7.5. D.$30.
59. By shopping over the net, you won’t_____.
A. spend the time and the money B. drive your car any more
C. click on your computer D. get into the store by yourself
60. What can we learn from the passage?
A. More than half of the Americans prefer to shop over the net.
B. Shops and supermarkets will be the past in the future.
C. Some people don’t like to go shopping over the Internet.
D. It’s easier, quicker and more expensive to do our shopping over the net.
C
April 27 is a special day in Britain. It’s called Take Our Daughter to Work Day. It was brought to Britain in 1994 from America. On that day thousands of girls take a day off school and go with one of their parents to their work places. By doing this, it can teach girls more about the society where they live.
Now the girls can have a close look at what their parents are doing. This may help them to be calmer when they have to choose a job. Mary experienced a day of work at her mother’s office. This helped her understand her mother’s work better. She said that this made her feel more confident about her future.
Schools and many companies support the activity, too. Some schools even make the day a necessary part of school life.
Experts think that girls with more self-confidence are more likely(可能的)to be successful than common girls. If parents can set good examples both at work and at home for them, they will do better than others. Take Our Daughter to Work Day is surely a step in the right direction.
61.Where was Take Our Daughter to Work Day brought?
A. From America. B. From China.
C. From Canada. D. From Australia.
62. On Take Our Daughter to Work Day, thousands of girls_______.
A. go on a journey with their parents
B. have a party with their friends at home
C. go to the work places of one of their parents
D. take part in a school activity freely
63. What’s the advantage by doing such an activity?
A. It can help girls understand their parents’ work better.
B. It can teach girls more about the society.
C. It can make girls feel more confident about their future.
D. All of the above.
64. Which of the following is NOT true about Take Our Daughter to Work Day?
A. It is a special activity on April 27 in Britain.
B. Schools and many companies support this activity
C. Many girls like this day because they won’t go to school.
D. Some schools even make the day a necessary part of school life.
65. According to the experts, being______ is the most important to girls in their future.
A. smart and careful B. confident
C. hard-working D. friendly
D
Do you have any foreign friends? Do you know their characteristics(特征)?
The Germans are very quiet and they always keep calm. They don’t like to speak more words. They look very serious. They like different kinds of amusements. The Germans are very hard—working. They like tidiness, especially the women, who always keep their home clean.
In some ways, the Englishmen look the same as the Germans. They are very quiet and never talk too much with the strangers. They are really polite, so we often hear they say “Thank you.” Or “Sorry.” The gentlemen are also the Englishmen.
The French’s holidays are very long. They like traveling and usually spend their long time staying in other countries. The Frenchmen are more outgoing than the Germans. It is very easy to make friends with them.
Compared to the Frenchmen, the Americans are more outgoing. And they are even opener than all of the Europeans. They don’t like to depend on others. So it is very common that the students do part-time jobs in their free time. And in Americans’ eyes, success is an important part in their life.
66. According to the passage, ______are very quiet.
A. only the Germans B. only the Englishmen
C. only the Frenchmen D. both the Germans and the Englishmen
67. What does the underlined word “tidiness” mean in Chinese?
A.整洁 B.安静 C.时尚 D.随意
68. In the writer’s eyes, the gentlemen are______.
A. the Germans B. the Frenchmen C. the Englishmen D. the Americans
69. What can we learn about the Frenchmen from the passage?
A. They are more outgoing than the Americans.
B. It is very easy to make friends with them.
C. They like traveling in their own country.
D. They look serious and are always hard-working.
70. Which is the best title of the passage?
A. Foreigners’ hobbies. B. Success is an important part in Americans’ life.
C. Characteristics of the foreigners. D. Who are more outgoing?
【参考答案】
51—55 FTFTF 56—60 ADCDB 61—65 ACDCB 66—70 DACBC
(2)“阅读理解”的题型特点
“阅读理解”是集语法、词汇、逻辑推理、背景知识于一体，测试语言综合能力的题目。它主要用来考查学生综合运用英语语言知识的能力，不仅考查阅读速度，而且重点考查理解能力。
阅读理解题分为阅读材料(短文)和理解运用两部分，其命题形式主要有四种：①选择正确答案；②判断正误；③完成句子；④回答问题。为了便于阅卷，中考采用的命题形式以前两种为主。实际上，阅读理解题无论以哪种形式出现，都是一个问题的不同形式的反映，出发点都是针对短文具体内容理解程度的，即正确答案必须符合原文意思，符合语法规范，语句通顺，符合逻辑合情合理。
(3)“阅读理解”的考查内容
作为一种综合性很强的试题类型，“阅读理解”的考查内容有如下几个方面：
①考查短文的主旨和大意。包括对文章大意、主题的理解，对作者意图或文章中人物观点的理解，以及能从短文内容中推断出结论和作者的弦外之音等。
②考查短文的细节和事实。包括事实识别、有关数字方面的计算或识图、排列顺序等。
③考查短文中词语的意思或句子的含义。这些词句一般不只是体现其表层意义，而往往具有深层涵义。要求考生能利用阅读材料中的信息，结合上下文来判断其特定意义，或者根据句子的语法关系分析、挖掘其涵义。这就要求考生具备必要的语言知识、相关学科的常识及一定的分析和推断能力。
④考查拟选题目的能力。这是对考生概括能力的检测，难度稍大。因为短文标题的拟定不但取决于阅读材料的内容，而且还受标题特点的影响。一般地，英语短文标题的特点有：省略冠词、be动词或作定语用的人称代词，且多以短语或简单句出现。选择标题的一般原则是：一是要切题，即能概括出全文的主旨；二是要简洁，即文字要简单明了。
【实战训练】
阅读理解（本题有15小题，每小题2分；满分30分）
阅读下面材料，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
(A)
Here are some short messages. Emma got all of them on her mobile phone yesterday. Please read them carefully and find the best answers to the questions.
From: 13823636790
Hey, Emma, I’m going to have a party this weekend. Would you come and join us?
From Susan
13823636790
From: 13372320909
Emma,
“Home Alone V” is now on show at People’s cinema. Want to go and see this film?
Yours, Jessie
From 13654243444
Mr Lee said your computer is OK now. You can go and get it from 10:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.
James
From: 13096752112
Buy some fruits on your way home. Thanks.
Vicky
From: 13096752112
Call me, please.
Vicky
( )26. If Emma wants to go to the party this weekend, what number should she send a message to ?
A. 13096752112 B. 13654243444 C. 13372320909 D. 13823636790
( )27. What did Mr Lee do for Emma?
A. He mended her computer. B. He bought her a film ticket.
C. He helped her answer the phone call. D. He helped her buy some fruits.
( )28. Which of these persons asked Emma to call back?
A. Susan B. Jessie C. Vicky D. James
(B) Things that Bring Good Luck
When you are about to do something brave, a cheerful wish of "Good luck!" from a friend can be helpful. But if you think you need lots of luck, what else might you do?
In the UK and US there are some strange traditions for bringing yourself a little more good luck. Some are hundreds of years old and some are much newer.
Have you heard the saying "When you wish upon a star"? If you are looking up at the sky on a clear night and you see a sudden flash of light, it is probably a shooting star! Seeing one doesn't happen very often. The saying goes that if you see one you have heen very lucky, and so if you make a wish, it will come true.
Maybe you have heard of the lucky rabbit's foot. Some people believe that rabbits are lucky animals, so they carry a part of the rabbit, its foot, for good Luck. There are all kinds of strange, unclear rules about which of the rabhit's feet is the luckiest. It is said that this good luck tradition
is the oldest one of all. However, as the funny saying goes, "Depend on the rabbit's foot if you will, but rememher it didn't work for the rabbit!"
People in Britain love trees. If it is autumn and leaves are falling from the trees, some people try to catch the leaves as they fall because they think each leaf they catch will bring them a lucky month in the following year－they will need to catch l2 falling leaves to have a whole year of good luck!
( )29. ____ is mentioned as the oldest good luck tradition.
A. A rabbit's foot B. A falling leaf
C. A cheerful wish from friends D. A shooting star
( )30. From Paragraph 3, we know that ____.
A. shooting stars can often be seen B. people can see a shooting star on a rainy night
C. your wish may come true if you see a shooting star
D. people believe that it's unlucky to see a shooting star
( )31. British people try to catch l2 falling leaves because ____.
A. the leaves fall in autumn B. there are so many leaves to catch
C. the leaves can bring them a lucky month
D. they want to have a whole year of good luck
( )32. In Paragraph 5, the underlined word "them" refers to ____.
A. trees B. people C. leaves D. years
(C)
Top student Lin Yijian had a problem recently .
The 14-year-old boy from Xiamen used to get marks of over 110 points （out of 120 possible points）on his math tests . But during last term’s final exams , his math score was only 90 points .
It was a shock . “I didn’t know what happened , ”said Lin , who kept feeling nervous and frustrated about math during the following month. .
Like Lin , many of us have setbacks in life . What would you do to deal with these setbacks ? Would you just let them be and give up ？
Lin chose to face his problem . His parents and teacher also gave him help . After some hard work he now gets marks between 100 and110 points on his math tests . Although he still isn’t at his original level , Lin doesn’t worry anymore .
“Don’t be scared by setbacks ,”he said . “You will beat it . ”
Chen Xingzhu in Shenzhen also has a story to tell . The 15-year-old girl is not good at doing sit-ups，which is necessary for the coming high school PE entrance exam. One has to do at least 35 sit-ups in a minute to pass the test . Most of Chen’s classmates can do 40 . However , Chen could only do 20 .
Feeling worried , Chen decided to do something . She did sit-ups for half an hour every day after school . Now , after a month , she can do 30 sit-ups a minute .
“I finally found what made me slow through continuous practice and then improved little by little,”said Chen . “I believe next month I will be able to do 40 !”
( )33. Why did Lin keep feeling nervous and frustrated?
A. He lost interest in math. B. His math score dropped.
C. He didn’t like his math teacher. D. He couldn’t catch up with his classmates.
( )34. After one month’s practice, Chen Xingzhu can do ____ sit-ups a minute.
A. 10 B. 20 C. 30 D. 40
( )35. We can tell from the story that Lin and Chen both ____.
A. found it difficult to do well on math tests
B. turned to their teachers and parents for help
C. felt worried and escaped from their problems
D. faced their problems and worked hard to solve them
( )36. What does the passage want to tell us?
A. Lin Yijian’s Math Problem B. Never give up
C. How to get high marks on tests D. Students’ problems
(D)
Elena jogged with her dad in some empty lots at the edge of town. These out-of-the-way lots were good places to jog. But the lots were full of rocks and rubbish.
One day, Elena saw a sign on the lots. It said, “New City Park.” Elena was excited. Maybe the park would have a jogging trail!
Elena told her parents about the sign.
“I read about the park in the newspaper,” said Elena’s father. “The city wants volunteers to help clean the area. Then the city will build a soccer field and a playground.”
“Will they build a jogging trail?” Elena asked.
“No, the paper didn’t mention a jogging trail.”
“Well, perhaps if I help clean up the lots, they’ll put in a jogging trail,” said Elena.
On Saturday Elena went to the lots. Many adults were working there. Some were picking up rubbish. Some were moving rocks.
“I want to volunteer,” Elena told a man. “What can I do?”
“This is not a job for children.” said the man. “You’d better go home.”
Elena looked around. She could carry rubbish. She could move rocks. A lady was pulling a bag of rubbish. Elena saw a box of rubbish bags. She took an empty bag.
“I’ll take this bag to the Dumpster,” said Elena. “Here’s a new bag.”
“Thanks,” said the lady. “Keep those new bags coming.”
Elena dragged rubbish bags. She told everyone she was glad to help build the park. She explained that she hoped the park would have a jogging trail.
Elena went to the area every week. Soon everyone knew her and she told everyone how wonderful a jogging trail would be.
Soon the volunteers cleared the lots. The city could start building. The mayor) gave a speech. He showed a drawing of the new park. He told them about the soccer field and the basketball diamond. There would be picnic tables. There would be a playground. The park would even have basketball courts. There was no sign of a jogging trail.
The mayor thanked the volunteers. Then he asked if they had any suggestions. The volunteers said they wanted to build a jogging trail around the park.
They told the mayor how helpful Elena had been and how she wanted a jogging trail. The mayor said, “A jogging trail won’t be hard to build. Let’s do it!”
Everyone clapped and cheered. Elena cheered loudest of all.
( ) 37. Elena was ____ when she saw a sign on the lots..
A. happy B. sad C. disappointed D. excited
( ) 38. How did Elena know the city needed volunteers to help clean the lots?
A. Her father told her about it. B. She read it in the newspaper.
C. She learned it from a sign. D. She was told by other volunteers.
( )39. Why did the volunteers tell the mayor they wanted to build a jogging trail?
A. They needed a park to jog around.
B. They wanted to thank Elena for her help.
C. They thought it was a good place for jogging.
D. They hoped the mayor could jog with them every day.
( ) 40. What can be the best title for the story?
A. Elena and a Mayor B. Elena and New City Park
C. Elena and Some Volunteers D. Elena and a Jogging Trail
【参考答案】
阅读理解（本题有15小题，每小题2分，共30分）
26-40 DACAC DBBCD BDABD
(4)“阅读理解”的题型设置
阅读理解是通过语篇对学生综合运用语言能力进行考查的题型。研究近几年的中考阅读理解试题，我们发现，阅读理解题的难度并不是很大，主要以确认短文的事实和细节为主。但是随着新课程标准的实施，对学生高层阅读能力方面的要求已有所增加。比如，在高考英语中常用的逻辑推理、词句理解和归纳全文主旨大意等难度较大的题目也逐渐纳入中考英语考查之列。
从考查形式上来看，“阅读理解”的题型主要分为两大类：客观试题和主观试题。
① 客观试题
客观试题一般包括选择题和正误判断题。题目的设计方式是：在短文、图文或图表材料后给出若干个不完整的句子，或者根据短文材料内容提出若干个问题，要求考生在正确理解材料的基础上，判断句子的正误或者从所给的四个备选项中选出一个正确答案。考虑到阅卷上的方便，中考阅读理解题大多以这种方式来命制的。例如：
【阅读文章，选择】
A four-year-old girl is lying in the arms of a doctor. She has just lost her mother. Her pink clothes are full of blood and her eyes look at something only she can see.
Every day we see pictures like this on our televisions. We see Iraqi (伊拉克的) children begging for food and water from American and British soldiers as they move through towns and cities towards the capital, Baghdad (巴格达). We see these children following parents, carrying bags of almost the same size as their small bodies as they escape from their homes in Baghdad.
They show just some of the young lives that have been turned upside down by ongoing war and the terrible price paid by Iraqi children.
“Dad, why are the Americans fighting against us? Are we going to be killed?” asks the son f Abu Singar, an Iraqi engineer. Abu finds it hard to explain this war to his eight-year-old son.
He tries to make him feel safe by saying, “The bombs (炸弹) are far away from us. The Americans are fighting the soldiers. We’re going to be all right.” Even though Abu knows it isn’t always true, little else can be done. In Baghdad, parents give their children sleeping pills to try and let them escape from the sound of bombs. And all the schools are closed.
Now things are worse, and the ongoing war makes it impossible to count the number who are hungry, sick, hurt or even dead.
根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
1.What happens to the children in Iraq because of the war?
A. The children will get better than before.
B. The children beg for food and water from American and British soldiers.
C. The children in Iraq go away from their homes in Baghdad.
D. The children live a most terrible life.
2.What does the word “ongoing” mean in Chinese?
A. 正在进行的 B. 非正义的 C. 未授权的 D. 影响恶劣的
3.The father doesn’t tell the true thing to his child because ______.
A. he wants to make his child not feel dangerous
B. he and his child are afraid to lose each other in the war
C. he doesn’t want his child to believe American soldiers
D. he will lose his country and his home
4.The war in Iraq tells us that ________.
A. the Iraqi people in the war are much hungrier and worse
B. we should help the Iraqi people build their country again
C. nothing can be done except fighting
D. both A and B
5.What would be the best title (标题) for the report?
A. Iraqi children during the War
B. Sickness, Death in Iraq
C. America and England Fight against Iraq
D. A Girl in the War in Iraq
(Keys: 1.D 2.A 3.A 4.D 5.A)
【阅读文章，判断正误】
Here is a page from a magazine named Future. Read the following information about things that may happen in ten years. And then do the exercise below.
A.
Cars will run on solar power (太阳能) or electricity and will be much cleaner. They will be much safer. For example, if you are too close to another car or if you are driving dangerously, your car will slow down by itself.
B.
Because there won’t be any spare land, new cities will have to be built in the sea. Some cities on water will have two levels (层). People will live on the upper level; the lower level will be used for traffic, shops and factories.
C.
Biotechnology (生物技术) will make food better and healthier. Plants that are not affected (影响) by insects or illnesses will be developed. The taste of fruit and vegetables will be better and food will be kept longer.
D.
New technology will be used to make TVs that are only 5cm thick. They will have pictures that are as clear as photos. Electrical appliances (家用电器) will be quieter and will be controlled by computer. They will also use 50% less power.
E.
Many new ways to cure (治愈) illnesses will be successful using products of genetic engineering (基因产品). Cures will be found for the flu and the common cold. However, some new illnesses will appear.
判断下列句子是否符合短文内容，符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示。
1.Cars using solar power or electricity will cause fewer accidents and less pollution.
2.People will be able to live in the new cities in the sea.
3.Biotechnology will help divide food into two groups: better food and healthier food.
4.Electrical appliances will save 50% of power because they are controlled by computers.
5.Genetic engineering can help doctors to cure illnesses.
6.The information above is about the history of the development of modern science.
(Keys: 1.T 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.T 6.F)
② 主观试题
在中考英语试卷中，主观试题出现得虽然不是很普遍，但它反映了英语新课程标准的精神。与客观试题相比，主观试题更能检测出学生的真实英语水平，不少省市开始对这种题型有所涉及，且有逐渐增加之势。
主观试题通常包括以下几种命题方式：
a. 填空题
所谓“填空题”，就是在短文或图文材料后，给出若干个句子或一段经过改写的短文或对话，并且在句子、短文或对话中留有若干空格，要求在每个空格中填入一个或几个单词，使句子、短文或对话所表达的意思与原来所给材料内容保持一致。例如：
【例题 I】
Most people have jobs. They go to work nearly every day. Some people are lucky. Either they have very interesting jobs or they make a lot of money. Most people are not so lucky. Either their jobs are not very interesting or they don’t make much money.
The most interesting jobs are often the most difficult. People take a long time to learn how to do them. Doctors study for at least six years after finishing school.
Some young people have interesting and high-pay jobs. Many young players do their work successfully. Football and tennis stars are usually under 35 Years old. Older people usually cannot play these sports very well. They cannot move fast enough. Golf, however is a good sport for older people. Many golf players are quite old, but they can play it successfully.
Most people work until they are 60 or 65 years old. Then they retire (退休) and have a lot of free time. Some people never retire though. These people usually have very interesting jobs. Writers, artists, scientists and actors (演员) usually work until they die. Their work is their life.
根据短文内容，完成下列句子，每空一词。
1.Some ______ people have interesting or high-pay jobs, _____ most people don’t have such good luck.
2.Some jobs ______ a long time to learn because they are ______.
3.Young players can _____very fast, so many of them play these _____ like football and tennis very ______.
4.Golf is a good sport for ______ people.
5.Most people keep _____ until the age of 60 or 65. but writers, artists, scientists and actors can work all their _______.
(选自吉林省中考试题)
【参考答案Keys:】
1.lucky, while/but 2. take, difficult/hard
3.move/run, sports/games, well/successfully 4.old/older 5.working, lives)
【例题II】
School education is very important and useful. The students both learn knowledge and get an education. Yet, no one can learn everything from school. The scientists，such as Edison，Newton，Galileo and Einstein, didn’t learn everything from school. They learned a lot of knowledge outside school or in practice by themselves. A teacher, even he knows a lot, can’t teach his students everything.
The teacher’s job is to show his students how to learn, how to read and how to think. A good teacher with rich experience in teaching can teach his students the methods(= ways)of study. Through these methods the students are able to learn and get a lot of things by themselves.
Usually it is very easy for the students to remember some knowledge, but it is very difficult to use it for problems. If a teacher really shows the students the ability of how to use knowledge, it means the teacher has learned lots of knowledge by himself (or herself). The success in learning shows he or she knows how to study.
(A)根据短文内容选择最佳答案。
1.From this passage we know ________.
A. the students are taught everything at school
B. a teacher can't teach the students everything
C. school is really not important and useful
D. Edison learned lots of knowledge at school
2. A teacher's job is ________.
A. to help the students with their lessons
B. to teach the students everything
C. to show the students how to study by themselves
D. to tell them the way to study
3. Choose the right order of this passage.
a. How important are the study methods for students？
b. What does the teacher’s experience of success in study mean？
c. Where should the students study？
d. What is the job of a teacher？
A. c, a, b, d B. b, c, a, d C. c, b, d, a D. c, d, a, b
4. Which of the following is right？
A. If we know how to learn，we can get a lot of knowledge.
B. We can learn everything from our teachers.
C. The writer tells us that practice is more important for the students than learning.
D. It is the only job for the students to learn knowledge.
5. Which of the following is the best title(标题)？
A. A real job for teachers
B. Study in and outside school
C. Practice—the only way of learning
D. How to learn knowledge
【参考答案】Keys: 1—5 BCDAA
(B)根据短文大意及空格提示的第一个字母，把单词拼写完整，使句子正确。
Most things can not be e (6)without f (7), but reading can. While we are sitting a (8)in our houses, we can t (9)around the whole world, and we can u (10)lots of things. We can talk with the persons hundreds of years ago. Though we may be not i (11), we can become the friends of g (12)men. Only books can give us these p (13). If you can not enjoy them, you are a p (14)person. If you enjoy them most, you will be the h (15)person in the world.
【参考答案】
6. enjoyed 7. friends 8. alone 9. travel 10. understand
11. important 12. great 13. pleasures 14. poor 15. happiest
b. 问答题
所谓“问答题”，就是在短文、图文或图表材料后给出若干个问题，要求考生根据所给材料信息写出正确的答语。答句可以使用完整的句子，也可以使用能体现问题答案的省略句。例如：
Nearly every parent says that we never grow up. In fact, we are maybe 16 or 17 years old. In their eyes, we are always little ones and always do wrong things. For example, when I need to stay at home, alone, they always worry about me and my life without them.
Most parents always think that they have offered the best things they can to make their children live in a comfortable world. They buy their children pretty clothes, cool shoes, strange but expensive school things, and always a thousand-Yuan-cost bike. They think that they have done everything they can to their dear little children. In return, they only want their little boy to give them good results in the examinations
But why their little babies still can’t understand them? Why? Does it mean that they still want more material (物质的)things? No. As a matter of fact, what they want is a true family. What does a true family mean? I think it means a place where we can hide ourselves from the outside cold world. From here, we can get warmth, we can get consolation(安慰), and we can get happiness. And one important thing is that we should be stronger and more confident(自信的) in the outside world because we know that we have a family.
So I think that parents should save their money and sit down to talk with their child to let them know that they have a true family, so the child and his parents could understand each other more and more. Then, no boy will be regarded as a little boy.
阅读短文, 回答问题。
1. What are always like in our parents’ eyes?
___________________________________________________________________
2. What do parents expect of us when they give us so much?
___________________________________________________________________
3. Do children want a true family? What does a true family mean?
___________________________________________________________________
4. How can parents no longer regard us as little children?
___________________________________________________________________
(选自扬州市中考试题)
【参考答案Keys: 】
1. In their eyes, we are always little ones (children) and always do wrong things.
2. They only want us to give them good results in the examinations/exam. 或Good results in the examinations/exam.
3. Yes. I think it means a place where we can hide ourselves from the outside cold world. 或Yes. It is a place from where we can get warmth, we can get consolation, and we can get happiness.
4. They can talk with us and we can understand each other more and more.
c. 其他
随着中学英语考试的不断发展，阅读理解传统的命题方式不断地暴露出它的局限性。为了迎合素质教育的要求，在近几年的中考英语试题中，出现了一些既考查知识又考查能力，而且形式新颖的“阅读理解”试题类型。例如：
I
Most people in Britain live in small family groups. More than a quarter of houses in Britain have only got one person in them. Some of these are old people but some are people of twenty to thirty who choose to live alone. 35% of houses have two people in them, and another 17% have three people. 15% have four people in them, and the other homes have five or more…
1. According to the passage，which of the diagrams is right.
【参考答案Keys: 1. A】
分析：本篇阅读材料采用了文字叙述与数字图形相结合的方式，形式新颖，别具一格。尤其值得称道的是，该小题将文字阅读与数学坐标进行有效结合，很好地体现了不同学科间知识的相互渗透，符合当今素质教育的发展和要求，是非常值得借鉴的，也是未来命题的趋势之一。
III 阅读下面的短文，把A—E五个句子填入文中空缺处(50— 54)，使短文内容完整正确，然后完成第55题。
Plants are important living things. Life could not go on if there were no plants.
50 But animals and men can't make food from them. 51 Men live on plants and animals too. So animals and men need plants to live. 52 If you look carefully at the plants around you, you will find there are many kinds of plants. 53 Most plants are green. Some plants have many small leaves; others have only a few large leaves. 54 They are different in shapes(形状)and colors.
Except having different shapes and colors, leaves are also different in other ways. Some leaves have short stalks(叶柄)while others have long ones, some others have no stalks at all.
A. That is why we find there are so many plants around us.
B. There are many kinds of leaves.
C. Animals get their food by eating plants and other animals.
D. This is because plants can make food from air，water，and sunlight.
E. Some plants are large while others are small.
55. Which is the best title(题目)for this passage? (略)
【参考答案Keys: 50—54 D C A E B】
分析：从表面上来看，这道阅读理解题只是将五个备选句子填入短文中的空缺处。然而，考生只有在透彻理解短文的基础上，弄清上下文之间的关系，才能做出正确的选择。其命题实质上就是在语篇中考查学生上下文衔接的能力。
IV 阅读下面的短文，根据所给语境，按要求完成下面的题目。
Fresh (淡的)water is very important to people, animals, and plants. (82)If there is no water, we all could not live.
Many places in the world need more fresh water.(83)Every country is trying to find ways to turn salt water into fresh water.
In some places,(84)the sun is not hot enough, or it doesn't shine every day.
In such places, (85)heating (加热), ways, sea water, used, can, other, be, of. These ways cost more money, but they work faster than the sun. By boiling(煮沸)sea water with high heat, a lot of fresh water can be made quickly.
(86)但加热不是用海水制淡水的唯一方法。Other ways are tried. One way is freezing(冷冻). The fresh part of salt water freezes first. To get fresh water, the bits of ice are taken out.
(87)哪种方法最佳？The one that gives the most water for the least money. It may be a different way for each place.
A. 将82处的复合句改写成简单句。
82._________________________
B. 将83、84两处的英文翻译成汉语。
83. _______________
84. _______________
C. 将85处斜体部分的单词组成一个句子。
85. _________________________
D. 将86、87两处的汉语译成英文。
86. _________________________
87. _________________________
【参考答案Keys: 】
82. We all couldn't live without water.
83. 各个国家都在设法寻找用海水制淡水的方法。(各个国家都在设法寻找将海水转化为淡水的方法。)
84. 太阳光热不很充足，或者不是每天都有阳光。
85. Other ways of heating seawater can be used.
86. But heating isn't the only way to get fresh water from salt water. (or…to turn salt water into fresh water)
87. Which way is the best?)
分析：看上去这是一道阅读理解题，其实它是一篇集阅读、词法、句法、翻译于一体的综合性题目，是对考生读、写、译综合水平的检测。此题充分体现了语言的综合性、应用性等特点，具有很强的创新性和导向性。
从考查内容上来看，“阅读理解”题目的设疑方式主要有以下几种：
a. 查找事实、细节型
这类题目主要包括事实识别、有关计算、识图、排列顺序等。一般地，这类题目可以直接从短文中找到可用的信息。这些问题一般都涉及到文章的“5W”，即 who(人物)，when(时间)，where(地点)， what(事件)，why(原因)，how(方式)等。题目设计大多直截了当。只要通读全文，注意文中所述的重要事实或细节，就可以做出正确解答。以图表材料命制的题目更是如此。例如：
山东省烟台市中考“阅读理解”短文(D)中有下面这样一段话：
He/She should have an interest in making pizza. More importantly, he/she should have work experience in a restaurant.
针对这段文字，文后设有这样一道题：
The ad (广告) tells us that ____________________.
A. the assistant must be a man. B. the assistant must have once worked in a restaurant.
C. Pucci Pizza has branches all over China. D. Pucci Pizza is not in Taichung.
【分析】本小题选项B的意思是“要招聘的这个人必须曾在饭馆工作过”。即要具有一定
的从事餐饮业的经验。这与原文中叙述的事实“More importantly, he/she should have work experience in a restaurant.”相比较，形式上虽不大一样，但其内涵却完全相同。如果考生准确地理解了短文中的这句话，问题即可迎刃而解。
又如广东省中考“阅读理解”短文(C)篇中有这样一句话：
In the past, there were forests all around Lake Ponkapog, so the rainwater was clean.
短文后的题目是：
In the past Lake Ponkapog was surrounded by ________. A. fish B. rain C. birds D. forests
【分析】题目所要问的是“Lake Ponkapog四周过去被什么东西所环绕？” 而阅读材料中已用There be句型表达出了这层意思，句式不同，却有异曲同工之妙。
b. 理解词句或句子含义型
结合具体的语境，正确理解单词、词组或句子在阅读材料中的确切含义，是阅读理解能力的一个重要方面。有些词句，虽然未曾学过，但可通过上下文语境推测其含义，有些词虽然不是生词，但在具体的语言环境中已被赋予了特定的、新的含义。例如：
广东省中考“阅读理解”短文(C)中有这样一道题涉及猜测词义：
Now there are many houses around the lake. People often use chemicals in their gardens. They use other chemicals inside their houses for cleaning or killing insects (昆虫). There are also many businessmen. Businessmen use chemicals in their machines or shops.
短文后的第66小题是：
“Chemicals” in the story means ______. A. 化学家 B. 污染品 C. 药品 D. 化学制品
【分析】单从“People often use chemicals in their gardens.”这句话是不大容易猜测出该词的意思的。然而这个词在这个段落中接连出现了三次。第一次是说人们常在花园里使用它，第二次人们在清理房间或杀死昆虫时在屋子里使用它，第三次是说商人们还将其用于机器或在车间中使用。由此，A项和B项明显是错误的。C项具有较大的迷惑性，不过根据“Businessmen use chemicals in their machines or shops.”可知它是不恰当的。
c. 逻辑推理型
这类题目的答案在原文中是不能直接找到的，必须抓住文中相关信息，顺藤摸瓜，进行有理有据的分析、归纳和推理，才能找出答案。有时需要透彻理解作者的双关语和弦外之音等。
逻辑推理型(a) ----根据常识推断
很多短文所设计的题目往往与其它方面的常识相关联，有时需结合或根据已有的常识做出判断。比如解答科学小品文的题目可能要用到物理或化学方面的知识，解答跟自然科学有关的题目可能要用到地理、生物方面的知识等。靠这些知识的帮助，往往能快速做出解答，至少可以更加准确地理解短文。例如：
One day we invited some friends to dinner. When it was about six o’clock, my wife found that we had little bread. So she asked our five-year-old daughter, Kathy, to buy some.
One day, Kathy’s parents invited some friends to ________.
A. have breakfast B. have lunch C. have supper D. have a party
【分析】由文中“One day we invited some friends to dinner.”一句可知，主人要宴请客人吃饭，所以D项(聚会)不合文意，先予以排除。但是在早(breakfast)，午(lunch)，晚(supper)三餐中，却未明确指出到底请客人吃哪一顿饭。英语中对“dinner”一词的解释是：main meal of the day, whether eaten at midday or in the evening. 这样可以将A项排除。至于是B还是C，仍然不能确定。再看下文中的“When it was about six o’clock…”，显然，快六点了，主人尚未准备就绪。根据生活常识，这里的无疑是下午六点钟，再结合“一日三餐”这一常识，他们请客人吃的只能是晚饭，所以可以推断出正确答案是C。
逻辑推理型(b) ----根据计算判断
有些题目需根据短文的意思进行数字运算。中考的“阅读理解”中的数据推算并不要求高深的数学知识。在有关数据推算的试题中，根据短文所提供的数据进行必要的运算时，所涉及的数学知识一般都比较简单，关键在于准确理解原文的含义。例如：
安徽芜湖中考“阅读理解”短文(D)中有这样一道题涉及数据运算：
If the population of Beijing grows to fifteen million by 2008, how many people will probably be able to speak English? About _________.
A. 15,000,000 B. 4,500,000 C. 3,000,000 D. 1,500,000
阅读材料中的原文是：
In five years the percentage (比例) of Beijing residents who can speak English will be raised to around 30 percent from 15 percent now.
【分析】原文中提到：五年之后，会说英语的北京居民的比例将会由现在的15%提升到30%。试卷所提的问题是：如果到2008年北京的人口达到15,000,000，会说英语的人将会有多少？尽管短文中没有提到这个数据，但根据题意不难推算15,000,000×30%=4,500,000
所以答案为B。
逻辑推理型(c) ----根据逻辑关系推断
根据短文中的基本事实、故事情节发展的逻辑关系(如时间、因果、条件、比较、转折、让步等，)进行深层的理解，并在此基础上进行题目的理解。在逻辑判断题中，这部分题目是比较难做的。例如：
We are in the computer age. We often see computers at work. They are especially usefully in automatic control, data processing (数据处理) and solving complicated problems. And they are finding their way into the home. The part played by computers is becoming even more important with each passing day.
More and clever computers will continue to appear. They will run faster, have more functions and work much more skillfully. They will take over more tasks from us, helping to change the face of our world. Some people even think that sooner or later computers will replace us.
However…
Which of the following will best continue the third paragraph?
A. Computers will soon stop developing. B. Many people like computers very much.
C. Computers are as cleverer as man. D. I do not think computers will replace us completely.
【分析】显然，本文采用了对比的方式来表达自己对电脑的看法。前面描写了计算机的优点，但作者用however一词预示自己将引出相反的观点，故答案为D。
d. 归纳主旨型
这类题目要求考生在理解全文大意的基础上，对短文做出总结或概括性的评价。这种题目要求考生不仅能确切把握文中的事实和细节，而且更要透彻理解短文主旨。有的时候还要求对作者写作的意图、观点进行剖析，甚至推测作者的语气、态度等。在表现形式上常采用下列句式：
From the story, we can say/see _________.
According to (根据) the passage, we know that ____________.
The title (标题) of the passage / can be _______________.
The writer tells us _________.
From the story we can see ／learn__________.
The main idea of this passage is ___________.
What is this passage about？
请看下面的例文：
Have you ever heard your own voice? “Of course,” you say.
Has anyone else ever heard your voice? Again you say, “Of course.”
But that’s not quite true. Nobody else has ever heard your voice—the way you hear it. When you talk, you set up sound waves (声波). The air outside your head carries the sound waves to your outer ears. But, of course, the sound of your voice begins inside your head. The bones (骨头) of your head pick up the sound waves, too. They carry the sound waves straight to your inner(里面的) ears. You get the sound from the outside and the inside too. Other people get just the sound waves from the outside. That’s why they don’t hear your voice the way you do.
1. Sound travels in the form (形式) of __________.
A. bones B. air C. waves D. voice
2. The sound of your voice begins ________.
A. inside your head B. outside your head
C. in your inner ears D. in your outer ears
3. When you talk, other people hear your voice _______.
A. through the bones of your head B. from the outside
C. from the inside D. all of the above
4. The phrase “pick up” here means ________.
A. to raise B. to get C. to choose D. to pull
5. The passage is mainly about _________.
A.waves in the air
B. the way you hear your own voice
C. voice gets around far and wide
D. the different ways you and others hear your voice
(选自扬州市中考试题)
【分析】这篇阅读材料所讲的是我们每个人都熟悉的事。答案分别是：1.C 2. A 3. B 4.B 5. D。
下面我们就来着重分析一下考查归纳主旨的第5小题。通读全文，我们知道短文的大意是：别人听到我们声音的方式与我们自己听到的方式是不同的。周围的空气将我们说话时发出的声波传送到外耳。由于声音是从头的内部发出来的，我们自己的头骨也受到声波的振动，并直接将声波传送到内耳里。这也就是说，我们自己是从外部和内部两处同时听到声音的。而别人则不然，他们只是从外部接收到我们发出的声波。根据短文提供的以上信息，不难看出，这篇短文的主旨是“自己和别人听到自己声音的方式是不同的”。所以答案为D。
此外，在中考英语试题中，还常出现“图形理解”这种形式的题目。这类题材的阅读材料主要考查考生对图表的分析和理解能力。牵涉的范围很广，如商店、公共场所的招牌，车站、飞机场的时刻表以及广告、报刊的片断等。请看下面的一段例文：
Look at the following train timetable. According to the information in the timetable and complete the sentences with the right words.
1.The first train to London on a Saturday leaves Leeds at ________to seven.
2.The nine ten train runs only on ________.
3.The trains at six forty-five and ________arrive in London before ten o'clock.
4.There are _______ trains to London every Monday morning.
5.The ten thirty train on a Saturday is a very ______one.
(选自全国中学生英语能力竞赛初三组试题)
【分析】解答图表题，要仔细阅读表格中的内容，尤其是有关表格的说明。表格类阅读材料一般都直观地表达出所要传递的信息。考生只要能看懂各个项目的意义，即可找出所设问题的答案。这类材料一般不涉及难度太大的题目，只是在航班、列车等时刻表等材料中，经常出现利用出发时刻(Departure)和到达时刻(Arrival)来计算路途中所需的时间等题目。
1. a quarter。这由表格中的第一个时间0545可知。
2. Saturdays。The nine ten train就是指的是九点十分的火车，从表格中找到0910，往上可以查到CF和S，根据下面的图示可知S指的就是星期六，即Saturdays。
3. seven twenty-five。在表格中，我们可明显看到首发的两班车 (到达分别时间是：0908和0945)都是在十点钟前到达目的地，而第三班车则是在1014这一时间到达的。
4. four。从表格中不难找到含有MF字符的三趟火车，再加上0945从LEEDS出发的那一班正好是四趟。其余两趟只有星期天才发车。
5. slow。The ten thirty train on a Saturday这趟火车是表格中的倒数第二个，它的发车时间后面有一个c，根据下面的注解，这个字符是换车(change at Doncaster)之意，那么怎么样才能知道它是慢车呢？原来，我们只有通过计算它的发车时间和到站时间(1030，1456)才能得到答案，这趟车途中所用时间是四小时十六分，然后再与其它车次所用的时间进行比较，就会发现它是最慢的。
【实战训练】
阅读理解 (共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)
阅读下面的三篇短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，
选择最佳选项。
A
For some people, the sight of a mouse can be the reason to scream. For other mice, the same sight can be the reason to sing.
Mice will possibly never sing their way to Broadway (百老汇), but researchers from Washington University in the United States have found evidence that mice do, in fact, sing. Until now, singing mice have become stars in cartoons, but they have never been heard singing out in real life before.
Scientists already knew that mice make ultrasonic (超声波) sounds—noises that are too high for people to hear without special equipment(仪器). Mouse babies cry out when they lose their mothers. Male mice make noise when they smell females.
To find out whether mice put such sounds together in song-like pattern(模式), the researchers recorded the sounds of 45 male mice. They put each mouse in its own room and cause them to make noise. Microphones recorded the sounds.
Using computer software, the researchers found the mice produced about 10 syllables(音节) every second.
The results showed that nearly all of the mice repeated sequences (顺序)of syllables in different ways. Scientists call that a song. Birds, whales, and people do the same thing.
Not all scientists are sure that what the mice are doing is actually singing. To prove it, the researchers must show that mice are able to learn to sing. And, they need to figure out why the mice sing. One guess, the researchers say, is that male mice use songs to attract females that they like.
However, the discovery that mice produce such complicated sounds could be useful for the study of communication in animals, including people.
26. We hear mice singing only when we ▲ .
A. pay special attention to them B. go to Broadway
C. have learned a lot about them D. watch a cartoon movie
27. From the third paragraph, we know ▲ .
A. mice often sing their songs to warn other mice
B. mice are more clever than human beings
C. mice only use ultrasonic sounds to communicate
D. mice’s ultrasonic sounds are too high for people to hear without special equipment
28. What does the passage mainly tell us?
A. Mice sing in real life. B. Mouse babies cry in real life.
C. Mice sing for no reasons. D. Computers are used to study mouse songs.
B
I entered St. Thomas’ Hospital as a medical student at the age of 18 and spent five years there. I was an unsatisfied student I had always wanted to be a writer and in the evening, I wrote and read. Before long, I wrote a novel, called Liza of Lambeth. I sent it to a publisher and it was accepted. It came out during my last year at the hospital and had something of success. It was of course an accident, but naturally I didn’t know that. I felt I could afford to give up medicine and make writing my profession. So, three days after I graduated from the school of medicine, I set out for Spain to write another book. Looking back now, I realize I was taking a fearful risk. It never even happened to me.
The next ten years was very hard, and I earned 100 pounds a year. Then I had a bit of luck. The manager of the Court Theatre put on a play that failed and the next play he arranged to put on was not ready, and he was at his wit’s end. He read a play of mine and, though he did not much like it, he thought it might just run for six weeks till the play he had in mind could be produced. It ran for 15 months. Within a short while I had four plays running in London at the same time. Nothing of the kind had even happened before. I was the talk of the town. One of the students at St. Thomas’ Hospital asked the famous surgeon(外科医生) with whom I had worked whether he remembered me. “Yes, I remember him quite well,” he said. “One of our failures, I’m afraid.”
29. The writer thought he was an unsatisfied student because ▲ .
A. he didn’t like the hospital he worked in B. he didn’t enjoy the work in the hospital
C. he thought he could be a famous doctor D. he didn’t want to earn so little money
30. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. The writer succeeded as a doctor during his stay in the hospital.
B. The writer set out for Spain to write another book soon after he graduated.
C. The writer lived a happy life after he graduated from the school of medicine.
D. The writer became a famous surgeon after he graduated from the school of medicine.
31. What does the underlined part “and he was at his wit’s end” mean in the passsage?
A. He didn’t know what to do. B. He didn’t realize what would happen.
C. He was successful at that time. D. He was ready to help others.
C
Next time you’re unhappy or complaining about your life, don’t turn to a cheerful comedy. You might find a tear-jerking tragedy(催人泪下的悲剧) is just the thing you need to brighten your day. A team of researchers at Ohio State University, US, has found sad movies can make people happier, Science Daily reported last month. Many people find tragedies make them realize how good their own lives are, the study showed. “People seem to use tragedies as a way to reflect on the important relationships in their own lives,” said Silvia Knobloch-Westerwick, leader of the study. “Tragic stories often focus on themes of eternal(永恒的) love, and this leads viewers to think about their loved ones and count their good and helpful things.” In the study, researchers gathered 361 college students and showed them the 2007 movie, Atonement. The movie is about two lovers who are separated(分离) and finally die during World War II. Before and after the movie, the students were asked questions measuring(衡量) how happy they were with their lives. Researchers also asked them before, after and three times during the movie to measure various emotions, including sadness. Researchers found that the sadder students felt while watching the movie, the more likely they were to think about real people they had close relationships with in life. This increased their happiness after watching the movie. Knobloch-Westerwick explained that negative(消极的) moods make people more thoughtful. “Positive(积极的) emotions show that everything is fine, you don’t have to worry, you don’t have to think about problems in your life,” she said. “But negative emotions, like sadness, make you think more critically about your situation. So seeing a tragic movie may make you sad, but that will make you to think more about your own close relationships and appreciate them more.” The link between watching a tragic story and feeling better has long been recognized. The ancient Greeks even had a word for the feeling of happiness after seeing something sad that led to the modern English word “catharsis (宣泄)”. The study also showed that relationships are a very important source of happiness in our lives, so it is no surprise that thinking about your loved ones makes you happier, researchers said.
32. Which of the following about the study of Ohio State University is NOT true?
A. Only sadness is measured in the study.
B. Students’ emotions are measured by asking questions.
C. The study shows relationships are a source of happiness.
D. Those who felt sadder when watching the movie were more likely to be happier after that.
33. Why are ancient Greeks mentioned in the passage?
A. To introduce the meaning of the word “Catharsis”.
B. To explain the importance of knowing how to become happier.
C. To prove that they were of high intelligence and guessed its meaning.
D. To tell readers the relationship between tragedies and happiness was found long ago.
34. From Knobloch-Westerwick’s explanation, we can learn that ▲ .
A. seeing tragedies makes you more thoughtful
B. positive emotions make you think more about your relationships
C. negative emotions show you have no need to think about your situation
D. after seeing comedies, you will appreciate your close relationships more
35. Which is the title of the passage?
A. Watching sad films may start smiles B. There is eternal love in the world
C. It’s useless to complain about life D. Comedies should make way for tragedies
阅读理解（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）
26.
D
27.
D
28.
A
29.
B
30.
B
31.
A
32.
A
33.
D
34.
A
35.
A
(5)“阅读理解”的解题技巧与策略
①“阅读理解”的解题步骤与思路点拨
a. 浏览问题，通读全文。做阅读理解题之前，首先要匆匆读一下短文后面的题目，然后带着这些问题去阅读所给的材料，获取文中的各种信息。带着问题阅读可以做到有的放矢，增加目的性，从而避免在不必要的信息上浪费时间。同时，带着问题阅读，可缩小阅读的范围，更便于捕捉关键的信息。通读时可边读边用铅笔做些标记，把有关的人物、事件、时间、地点、起因 (即5个W：who，what，when， where，why) 划出来。例如：逢人物就圈起来，看完短文数一数，有几个圈就是几个人，一目了然。
通读全文时，尤其要注意短文首段或每一自然段的首句。在记叙文中，这往往是交待某一事件发生的时间、地点或相关人物的；在其它类型的文章中，也往往是反映作者观点或写作意图的关键句子。文章最后一段往往是总括全文的，是事件的结局或作者表达的态度、意图、目的等。特别是短文的末尾一句，往往起着画龙点睛的作用。命题者也常常就这一句设置一个题目，而且往往是难度较大的题。这样一来便容易抓住中心，为下一步准确、快速地解题打下良好的基础。
b. 解答问题，选定答案。浏览全文，获取了文中的主要信息之后，就可以一边认真阅读题目，一边细心答题了。首先，要弄懂题干的内容和要求，然后到文中去找相应的信息。不管是哪一种形式的阅读理解题，其涉及的内容都会在文中直接或间接地体现出来。对那些很明显就能在短文中找到依据的题目，要一锤定音。其次，依照题目和找到的信息，进行推理判断。推理和判断时，一定要依据文中信息，做到有理有据，而且要细致入微，丝毫马虎不得。如果遇到的题目很难或无法根据所给材料做出明确的判断，这时，要统观全文，在理解文字表面意思的基础上进行深入分析、推理，找到解决问题的突破口，然后结合文章主题和有关常识进行思考，从而可以推断出正确答案。如果遇到百思不得其解的问题，可暂时将其搁置一旁，等做完其它题目之后，然后再回头来推敲这些悬而未决的题目。
值得一提的是，虽然有时候在选项里会出现原文中的某些语句，但它们往往是迷惑项，与答案的选定根本不相干。因此，越是这样的选项，越要引起注意，看看是否与所提的问题有联系，是否还有更贴近文章原意的选项，以免误选。
c. 力求稳妥，复核检查。在完成了全部的题目之后，还必须快速地、有针对性地重读一遍短文，特别是要留意与题目相关的文字。对于选择题，看一看所选择的答案是不是最佳答案；对填词题或问答题，看一看所填入的单词或所作回答是否与文中有关内容相符，书写是否正确。这是最后一步，也是非常重要的一步，不能疏忽。一旦发现前后矛盾、遗漏要点等错误，要立即纠正。
②“阅读理解”中考应试指南
a. 保持良好的精神状态。良好的精神状态对于考场上的考生来说非常重要。因为只有在心理放松的情况下，考生的精力才能够集中，思维才会敏捷，从而才能将自己的真实水平发挥出来。
b. 抓住中
同课章节目录
- 词法
- 名词
- 动词和动词短语
- 动词语态
- 动词时态
- 助动词和情态动词
- 非谓语动词
- 冠词
- 代词
- 数词和量词
- 形容词副词及其比较等级
- 介词和介词短语
- 连词和感叹词
- 构词法
- 相似、相近词比较
- 句法
- 陈述句
- 一般疑问句和否定疑问句
- 特殊疑问句及选择疑问句
- 反意疑问句
- 存在句(There be句型)
- 宾语从句
- 定语从句
- 状语从句
- 主谓一致问题
- 简单句
- 并列句
- 复合句
- 主谓一致
- 主、表语从句
- 名词性从句
- 直接引语和间接引语
- 虚拟语气
- 感叹句
- 强调句
- 倒装句
- 祈使句
- 句子的成分
- 句子的分类
- 题型专区
- 单项选择部分
- 易错题
- 完形填空
- 阅读理解
- 词汇练习
- 听说训练
- 句型转换
- 补全对话
- 短文改错
- 翻译
- 书面表达
- 任务型阅读
- 语法填空
- 其他资料