2023届高考英语一轮讲义素材：D篇阅读精析Day6-7

2023届高考英语一轮讲义：D篇阅读精析Day6-7
Day6
第一段：When missiles began falling on Ukraine in February one woman from the centre of the country faced an especially perilous evacuation. She was 30 weeks pregnant—with someone else’s baby. The 31yearold, who goes by the name Tamara for fear of abuse, was put on a bus to Poland by Delivering Dreams, the surrogacy agency she was working through. Her legs swelled up during the long journey. But Tamara made it to safety and in April gave birth to a healthy baby, who is now with its intended parents in America.
参考译文：导弹于2月开始落在乌克兰时，一名乌克兰中部的妇女面临着特别危险的撤离。她已经怀孕30周——怀的是别人的孩子。害怕被虐待，这名31岁的妇女改名为塔玛拉，被其所在的代孕机构Delivering Dreams送上了前往波兰的巴士。漫长的旅途使她的双腿浮肿，但她最终安全抵达，并在4月生下了一个健康的婴儿，孩子现在正与他的父母一起在美国。
知识点解读：
1.Perilous：危险的，程度比较重，其英文释义为“fraught with danger”，近义词为“dangerous”、“hazardous”、“precarious”和“touch-and-go”等。“touch-and-go”是一个比较口语化的地道表达，有种偏“一触即发”的意思，了解意思即可，一般不用于写作中，例如，“Our team won the game, all right, but it was touch and go for a while.我们队虽然赢得了比赛，但是曾有一度情况很危险不定。”
2.Evacuation：撤离；疏散；排空；常见的表达有“evacuation time 疏散时间”、“evacuation plan 疏散计划”和“evacuation route撤离路线”，例如，“Shortest Evacuation Route on Toxic Leakage.毒气泄漏时的最佳疏散路径。”
3.go by the name：用……的名字；改名为；例如，“My daughter Margaret has now decided that she goes by the name Calliope. 我女儿玛格丽特现在决定改名为卡利奥佩。”跟“name”有关的一个常见表达如下：
name is mud：名誉扫地，例如，“If he doesn't turn up tonight, his name will be mud.如果他今晚不出现的话，他将声名狼藉。”
此外，中文常说的“点名”其实跟“name”没有任何关系，而是“roll call”。
4.for fear of：以防，例如，“For fear of losing the ring, he did not leave the sight of the moment to backpack.为怕戒指丢失，他没一刻让背囊离开视线。”如果后面加句子的话，就可以用“for fear that”，例如，“Some say many Chinese are reluctant to donate their wealth for fear that the money will end up in a corrupt organization.有人说，许多中国人不愿意捐出他们的财富，是因为担心这些钱为一个腐败组织所用。”
5.surrogacy：代孕，例如，“The high cost of surrogacy in Europe and the US means many Western women are outsourcing pregnancy abroad.在欧洲和美国，高价代孕意味着许多西方妇女在海外寻求外包代孕。”而“surrogate mother”也就是我们常说的“代孕妈妈”。
6.swell up：膨胀；肿胀；肿起，例如，“His hands swell up whenever we fly.每次飞行他的手都会肿。”
7.give birth to：生育，例如，“Although he was as big as a young colt, it was easy for his mother to give birth to him.虽然他如幼马一般大，他的母亲生他时却毫不困难。”
8.intended parents：准父母，其英文释义为“The intended parents are the individuals that will become the child’s parent once it is born.”尤其是指由于自身无法怀孕而通过第三方成为父母的人，“Couples experiencing infertility or unable to carry a pregnancy, same-sex couples, or single parents may become intended parents by choosing third-party reproduction.”
第二段：Before the war about 2,500 surrogate mothers gave birth in Ukraine every year, according to Sam Everingham, who runs Growing Families, a nonprofit. The babies’ intended parents are generally foreign couples, mostly from Europe and China. They appreciate Ukraine’s clear laws about surrogacy, which ensure that they are recognised as their baby’s legal parents from the moment of conception. They also like the cost. Mr Everingham reckons that having a baby by a Ukrainian surrogate costs between $35,000 and $55,000— about onethird of the price in America.
参考译文：据经营非营利组织 "成长家庭 "的萨姆·埃弗林厄姆（Sam Everingham）说，战争前，每年约有2500名代孕母亲在乌克兰分娩。这些婴儿的父母通常是外国夫妇，大多来自欧洲和中国。他们看上了乌克兰关于代孕的明确法律，能够确保他们从代孕受孕的那一刻起就被认定为孩子的合法父母。他们也乐于接受这样的代孕价格，埃弗林厄姆先生估计，通过乌克兰代孕生子的费用在35,000美元到55,000美元之间——大约是美国代孕价格的三分之一。
知识点解读：
1.surrogate mother：代孕妈妈，上文提到过。
2.nonprofit：非营利的，常见的表达有“a nonprofit organization.非盈利组织”。
3.ensure：保证，确保；使安全，侧重使相信某个为或力量产生结果。例如，“No one can ensure you from failure.没有能保证你不会失败。”这里我们重点需要区分几个词：
insure：用法和ensure基本一致，但是多指经济方面保证、保险，例如，“Every father should insure himself against premature death or prolonged illness for the sake of his wife and children.为了妻子和孩子,每位父亲应该为自己英年早逝或久病不愈保险。”
Assure：侧重指消除思想上怀疑或担心，从而产生保证感，例如：“I assure you (that)there's no danger.我向你保证没有危险。”
4.legal parents：合法父母（法律上认可的），“biological parents”则表示“亲生父母”。
5.conception：常见的意思有两个，一是“构思”，例如，“A good novelist needs great power of conception.一个好的小说家需要丰富的想象力。”另一个是“怀孕”，例如，“From the hit and miss nature of conception to all the dangers associated with pregnancy, it's often amazing that any babies are born at all.从是否命中的概念看来，就怀孕的相关危险而言，婴儿诞生可说是个奇迹。”
第三段：The Russian invasion, unsurprisingly, has thrown the industry into disarray. Surrogates have had to deliver in hospital basements. All pregnant women have had to put up with more limited health care, particularly in the east of the country where conflict is fiercest. Foreign parents, many of whom have been through lengthy fertility treatments and lost pregnancies before, fret from afar.
参考译文：不出所料，俄罗斯的入侵已经使这个行业陷入混乱。代孕者不得不在医院的地下室分娩。所有孕妇都不得不忍受更加有限的医疗服务，尤其是在该国冲突最激烈的东部地区。孩子的外国父母远在外国忧心忡忡，他们中许多人都有过漫长的不孕不育治疗史和流产的经历。
知识点解读：
1.throw into: 使投身于、扔进、投入、使陷入，例如，“I take them out of the drawer, tear them into pieces and then throw into the scrap heap.我把它们从抽屉里，撕裂成碎片，然后扔进了一堆废铁。”
2.deliver：在医学上表示“分娩”的意思，普通用词时则有“发表（演讲）；递送（快递）”的意思，例如，“deliver a speech 发表讲”和“deliver goods 交货”。
3.put up with：容忍，例如，“It's too delightful of you to be so nice to him, and put up with all his tiresome stories.你对他那么好，那么耐心地听他的无聊故事真叫人高兴。”可以用来替换“tolerate、suffer、endure、bear和stand”等。
4.lengthy：漫长的，冗长的，与“long”不同，“lengthy”往往有不耐烦的意思，例如，“He launched into a lengthy account of his career.他开始啰啰嗦嗦地讲述自己的工作经历。”
5.fertility treatments：受孕治疗，“fertility”指土地时，表示“土地肥沃”，指人时，表示“生育能力”，例如，“Trying had been a four-year process, and by the time Emily finally kindled, they were talking about fertility treatments.他们尝试了四年，这时艾米丽终于受不了了，他们谈论起医治生育能力或抱养个孩子的问题。”
6.lost pregnancies：流产，失去孩子。
7.fret：使烦恼，指因悲哀、焦虑或忧愁等所困扰的心理状态，常用的表达是“fret over 为…着急”，例如，“The old lady is always fretting over something unimportant.那位老妇人总是为一些小事焦虑不安。”
8.from afar：文学表达中非常常见，例如，“From afar to spend it, the grass it, as if in broad daylight to the exposed rock covered with a layer of beautiful clothes.远远望去，花呀，草呀、好像给裸露在光天化日之下的山岩披上了一层漂亮衣衫。”“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎”的英文表达用的就是这个用法，即“That friends should come to one from afar, is this not after all delightful ”
Day7
第四段：Ukraine’s surrogacy agencies have responded to the catastrophe in very different ways. At the start of the war a handful of agencies initially stopped responding to emails and phone calls—leaving pregnant women with no way of contacting the parents of the babies they are carrying. Online groups sprung up to connect parents and surrogates who have found themselves in this situation. Tamara used Facebook and her own detective skills to track down about 20 foreign couples on behalf of other surrogates.
参考译文：乌克兰的代孕机构以非常不同的方式应对这场灾难。战争开始时，少数代孕机构最初停止回复电子邮件和电话，致使代孕妈妈无法与她们所怀婴儿的父母联系。网上小组如雨后春笋般涌现，将发现自己处于这种情况的父母和代孕者联系起来。塔玛拉利用脸书和她自己的侦探技巧，代表其他代孕者追踪了大约20对外国夫妇。
知识点解读：
1. a handful of：少量的，例如，“Tom grabbed up a handful of snow and shoved it down his sister's collar.汤姆抓起一把雪往妹妹的衣领里塞。”相当于“a bit of”，例如，“The boy broke off a bit of wood and dropped it, with a dry leaf, into the box where the coin was before.那男孩折了一小片木头，连同一片干树叶一起放进先前盛银币的盒子里。”
2. Leaving：作为非谓语使用的时候，一般表示“导致……”的意思，例如，“Her husband died, leaving her to support the family. 她的丈夫去世了，她被迫养家糊口。”
3. Carry a baby:怀孕、抱着孩子，例如，“They carry a baby in one hand and a cigarette in the other.他们甚至常常一手抱着孩子，一手拿着烟。”
4. sprung up：涌现；迅速生长；突然出现，非常形象的一个表达，可以直接翻译成“如雨后春笋般冒出来”，例如，“The British nation did not spring up in a generation.不列颠民族不是在一代人的时间内迅速崛起的。”
5. track down：追捕到；查出；追踪，例如，“The criminal was tracked down and knocked off by the police.那个罪犯被警察追到后, 被逮捕起来了。”
6.on behalf of：代表，是一个正是表达，例如，“On behalf of the our company, i wish to express our heartfelt thanks to you for your gracious assistance. Your majesty!对您的大力协助，我谨代表我们公司表示衷心的感谢。”
第五段：But as the conflict continues agencies have found ways to keep delivering on their promises. Sensible Surrogacy, an agency with partners on the ground in Ukraine, paid to evacuate Ukrainian surrogates to Poland and the Czech Republic. There, the agency hired local staff to check in on the women and continue doing weekly blood tests for alcohol and other drugs. The catch is that surrogates have to return to Ukraine near their due date. If they give birth in Poland, where surrogacy is illegal, the intended parents do not automatically have any rights over the child. For a while foreign couples who would normally have travelled to Ukraine for the births of their children had to pay local nannies to hand over newborns at border crossings. Britain began issuing visas to Ukrainian surrogates who were carrying babies for British couples. But now that fighting is predominantly in the south and east of the country, foreign couples are once again travelling to cities such as Kyiv and Lviv to collect their children.
参考译文：但随着冲突的持续，各机构已经找到了继续兑现承诺的方法。Sensible Surrogacy，一家在乌克兰当地有合作伙伴的机构，花钱将乌克兰代孕者疏散到波兰和捷克共和国。在那里，该机构雇用当地工作人员对这些妇女进行检查，并继续每周进行酒精和其他药物的血液检测。问题是，代孕者必须在接近预产期时返回乌克兰。如果她们在波兰生孩子（在波兰，代孕是不合法的），那么孩子的父母自然而然不会对孩子拥有任何权利。有一段时间，正常前往乌克兰生孩子的外国夫妇不得不付钱给当地保姆，让他们在边境口岸交接新生儿。英国开始向为英国夫妇生育孩子的乌克兰代孕者发放签证。但现在战争主要发生在该国的南部和东部，外国夫妇得再次前往基辅和利沃夫等城市领取他们的孩子。
知识点解读：
1.keep on：继续，例如，“To be frank, I don't like this job. I'm afraid I'll amount to nothing if I keep on working like this.老实说，我并不喜欢这份工作，如果继续做下去的话我认为前途渺茫。”“keep”还有一个常见的表达为“keep abreast of the times”,意为“与时俱进”，例如，“Keep abreast of the times to shape a bright future. 与时俱进，塑造美好未来。”
2.due date：到期日，预产期，例如，“Dan Falkner said the due date for his son was July 14 but had to be moved up.丹说，她的预产期应该是7月14日，但不得不被提前了。”
3.illegal：非法的，与“illegitimate”可以互换。
4.hand over：交出、转交、移交，例如，“He would seem to have an interest in planning now to hand over to an anointed successor.计划把权利移交给自己授意的继承人，似乎是他目前的兴趣。”（hangover是“宿醉”，大家要分清楚）。
5.issue visa:发放签证，是固定表达。
第六段：Indeed, international surrogacy agencies say that interest in Ukrainian surrogacy crashed at the start of the war but is now rising once more. Global demand for surrogacy is increasing, in part because people are starting families later in life, which increases the risk that they will no longer be fertile. But in recent years Cambodia, India, Nepal and Thailand have banned surrogacy for nonresidents for fear that women might be exploited. In Britain, only “altruistic surrogacy”, where the surrogate receives cash only to cover expenses, is allowed. That reduces the number of women willing to provide it.
参考译文：事实上，国际代孕机构说，战争开始时，外国夫妻对乌克兰代孕的热情急剧下降，但是现在他们又燃起了对代孕的渴求。全球对代孕的需求正在增加，部分原因是人们的成家时间较晚，而这增加了他们不再有生育能力的风险。但是近年来，柬埔寨、印度、尼泊尔和泰国都禁止非居民代孕，因为担心妇女可能被剥削。在英国，只允许 "利他主义代孕"，即代孕者只接受现金以支付费用，这减少了愿意代孕的妇女数量。
知识点解读：
1.国际社会：“international community”，不是“international society”，千万不要翻译错了，属于基础知识，错了会贻笑大方。
2.crash：碰撞；崩溃；坠落，经济学上“stock market crash”表示“股市崩盘；股市行情暴跌”。
3.demand for：对……的需求，例如，“Seventy men at the factory were redundant because of falling demand for our products.由于对我们产品需求的减少, 厂里有70人被辞退了。”
4.in part because：相当于partly because，意为“一部分原因是因为”，例如，“Factory production has begun to edge up, in part because Chinese consumers continue to spend money at a healthy pace.工厂生产状况已经开始好转，部分原因是由于中国的消费者一直维持着正常合理的消费水平。”
5.fertile：与上文的“fertility”相对应，表示“能生育的”，例如，“It is no coincidence that scientists have discovered that women with such a waist-to-hip ratio are the most fertile.科学家发现具有这种腰臀比的女性生育能力最强，这绝非巧合。”
6.cover expenses：支付花销，例如，“She suggests a year's worth of cash to cover expenses.她建议最好准备一年的的现金来弥补花销。”
第七段：Ukrainian women who have lost everything in the war could be exploited if dodgy types enter the industry. But Olha, a Ukrainian surrogate who is carrying her third baby for a foreign couple, says she doesn’t regret her decision. She is being paid $450 per month during her pregnancy. She will earn another $18,000 when she gives birth. That is a lifechanging sum in a country where GDP per person before the war was about $4,800. “Surrogates are grownups,” she says. “We know what we are doing.”
参考译文：如果狡猾的人进入代孕行业，在战争中失去一切的乌克兰妇女可能会受到剥削。但是，为一对外国夫妇怀第三个孩子的乌克兰代孕妈妈奥哈说，她并不后悔自己的决定。怀孕期间，她每月获得450美元的报酬。分娩时，还将再赚18,000美元。在一个战前人均国内生产总值约为4,800美元的国家，这笔钱可以改变生活。"代孕者是成年人，"她说。"我们清楚我们在做什么。"
知识点解读：
1.lifechanging:足以改变一生的，例如，“One day as I was visiting with a seriously ill gentleman, I asked him to share with me one of his most life-changing memories.有一天在我探望一位病重的男士时，请他分享一件令他生命改变、终生难忘的事。”
2.grownups：成年人，相当于adult，例如，“If I could bring one gift to all the grown-ups this Christmas, it would be more smiles and laughter.
3.如果我能在这个圣诞我能给成年人带去什么礼物，那就是更多的微笑和笑声。”