2023届高考英语一轮讲义素材：D篇阅读精析Day1
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| 名称 | 2023届高考英语一轮讲义素材：D篇阅读精析Day1 |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-10-17 07:34:03 | ||
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2023届高考英语一轮讲义：D篇阅读精析Day1
第一段：Q: I’m tired all the time and feel unproductive at work. How do I know if I’m depressed or burned out
参考译文：问：我老是很累，工作也没啥产出。我怎么知道我是抑郁症还是倦怠症？
知识点解读：
1.Unproductive：产量少的；效果不佳的；无益的（做此意思时非常地道，可用于替代useless），例如，“Learning and growing up in such an environment, one may regard dreaming as an unproductive act.在这样的环境中学习和成长，人们会把做梦当作一种徒劳无益的行为。”
2.depressed：抑郁的；沮丧的；意志消沉的，在医学上表示“患有抑郁症的”，例如，“If you think you may be depressed, talk to your doctor or seek help from a mental health provider.如果你认为你可能得抑郁症了，那么请与你的医生倾诉或者向心理健康服务提供者寻求帮助。”
burn out：(精力、热情等)耗尽【常考的意思，是非常地道的表达】，燃料枯竭，例如，“Don't try to run the whole show or do most of the work. Others will become less involved. And you will burn out.不要试着去操控整个事情或者包揽所有的工作。否去其他人会参与的很少。而你也会被累死的。”
第二段：The exhaustion, when it hits, is all-consuming. Your inbox chimes and you want to fling your phone across the room. You’re sick of your apartment; you can’t stand to leave your apartment. You fumble for the right word: You tell friends you are tired or fried or just done.
参考译文：精疲力尽的感受来袭时让人无比耗神。收件箱收到新邮件发出声音，你巴不得把手机扔到房间另一边。你受够了你的住所，但又厌烦外出。你琢磨着用哪个词更合适：是告诉朋友自己只是累了，还是累晕了，还是累倒了呢？
知识点解读：
1.exhaustion：筋疲力尽；疲惫不堪，程度会比“tire”重很多，例如，“After a few days, exhaustion set in and the climbers were forced to give up their attempt to reach the top of the mountain.几天之后，疲劳袭来，登山者不得不放弃登上顶峰的打算。”此外，“exhaustion-box”表示“排气箱”。
2.all-consuming：耗尽时间（或精力）的；全身心投入的，例如，“The work of raising children and supporting a family is all consuming.培养孩子和养家这项工作是非常消耗人的事情。”
3.fling：扔，掷，抛，丢，是一个比较迅猛的动作，常常指用力投掷，或因感情激动而粗暴或漫无目地扔东西。例如，“The explosion flung him into the sea.爆炸把他抛到了海里。”常见的词组有“fling up向上猛抛”、“fling at 扔向；抨击”和“at one fling 一鼓作气”，例如，“The child finished building the sand castle at one fling.这个小孩一口气堆成了个沙子城堡。”。此外表示“扔”的词还有如下：
throw：一般用词，使用广泛，仅用力抛掷，不涉及动作方式或感彩。
Cast：常可与throw互换，迅速扔出一个重量较轻物体。
Heave：把重物举起后扔出。
Hurl：通常用力投掷，动作迅猛，所投掷距离也较远。
Pitch：随意、轻轻掷或扔，侧重方向性和有明确目标。
Toss：无什么目、轻轻、随意掷或扔，所扔掷西一般都比较轻。
be sick of: 厌恶；对…感到厌倦；对…厌倦，例如，“Everyone will be sick of having the same food for several days.几天连续吃同样的食物，任何人都会腻烦。”
第三段：
How do you know if this wave of weariness signals a case of burnout— or full-blown depression We asked experts for ways to tell the difference between the two, and how to alleviate the symptoms of both.
What’s the difference between burnout and depression
参考译文：如何分辨这波倦怠是单纯的倦怠，还是整体抑郁的前奏？我们向专家请教了如何区分这两种情况，以及如何减轻这两种情况所引发的症状。
第四段：
What’s the difference between burnout and depression
参考译文：倦怠和抑郁有什么区别
知识点解读：
1.signal：作名词表示“信号”，做动词表示“发出信号、标志”，例如，“The teacher signaled to the boy to begin.老师向那个男孩做手势，叫他开始。”
2.full-blown：表示“具所有特征的、成熟的、全面的”。是很地道的英文表达。
3.alleviate：减轻，缓解，尤其是身体的疼痛、精神的压力等，例如，“Heat often alleviates pain.热常常能减缓。”表达“缓解”的词还有如下：
relieve:“Ginkgo has been used to relieve tension and anxiety and improve mental alertness, elevate mood and restore energy.银杏已应用于舒缓紧张和精神过敏，提高情绪，恢复体力。”
mitigate:“Faster productivity growth could help to mitigate the slowdown, but it does not seem to be forthcoming.较快的生产力增长将有助于缓解经济放缓，但似乎不大可能来临。”
ease：“It's nothing like an old school safety brief to put your mind at ease.没什么比个老学校安全简短，来放轻松心情了。”
第五段：The concept of burnout comes from workplace psychology. Workers can become burned out when they feel like they don’t have control over their day-to-day lives, getting bogged down in the minutiae of their tasks. People who are burned out may feel depleted and cynical about their jobs; they can resent their assignments and co-workers. They might feel irritable and ineffective, like they just can’t get anything done. For people who interact with others in their jobs, like health care workers or people in the retail and service industries, they might start to lose empathy, thinking of patients or customers as just another number, or a rote task to complete. There are also a litany of physical symptoms that can come with the unending stress of burnout: insomnia, headaches, gastrointestinal issues.
参考译文：职业倦怠的概念来自于工作心理学。当工人感到他们无法控制自己的日常生活，被任务的细枝末节所困扰时，他们就会变得倦怠。倦怠的人可能会感到枯竭，并对他们的工作持嘲讽态度；他们可能会怨恨他们的任务和同事。他们可能会感到烦躁和无力，好像什么都做不了。对于在工作中与他人互动的人，如医疗保健工作者或零售和服务行业的人，他们可能开始失去同情心，认为病人或客户只是一个数字，或一个需要重复完成的任务。伴随无休止的职业倦怠压力而来的还有一连串的身体症状：失眠、头痛、胃肠道问题。
知识点解读：
这一段主要学习一些表达情绪的词语
1.depleted：形容人时表示精力等枯竭的，例如，“Rushing and running on his job all day long, his energy is depleted at the end of the day.奔忙了一整天的工作，他的精力肯定是被大大消耗了。”
2.cynical：认为人皆自私的；愤世嫉俗的，例如，“I've never been on a date, have always despised children, and I spend much of my time observing the world with calculating and cynical eyes.我从未约会过，总是不待见小孩儿，终我一生的大部分时光，我都在用一种精明而愤世嫉俗的眼光打量这个世界。”
3.Resent：愤恨；感到气愤，例如，“He resented his friend's remark.他怨恨他朋友所说的话。”
4.Irritable：易怒的, 急躁的，例如，“She was irritable when she was unhappy.她不高兴时, 容易发脾气。”
5.ineffective：无效的；失效的；效率低的，例如，“Shaking his head, Zi Gong considered that this countryside lagged too much and the way of working was ineffective.子贡摇了摇头，认为这个乡下地方实在是太落伍了，工作如此的没有效率。”
6.Insomnia: 失眠（症）,例如，“This is precisely the case told me to irritability, increased the rate of defective did not say, insomnia every night.这样的情形叫我烦躁不安，次品率提高了不说，还夜夜失眠。”
第六段：As with burnout, people with depression may sleep too much or too little, and may struggle to focus. People with depression may isolate themselves from others; they may feel like it takes a lot of energy to shower or eat. Depression can induce an overwhelming sense of sadness and hopelessness. In severe cases, people with depression may start having thoughts that they are worthless, or that life is not worth living. These symptoms tend to last for at least two weeks, Dr. Gold and Dr. Neal-Barnett said.
参考译文：与职业倦怠一样，抑郁症患者可能会睡得太多或太少，并可能难以集中注意力。抑郁症患者可能会将自己与他人隔离开来；他们可能会觉得洗澡或吃饭都要花很多精力。抑郁症可以诱发一种压倒性的悲伤和无望感。在严重的情况下，抑郁症患者可能开始有这样的想法：他们没有价值，或认为生活不值得过。Gold博士和Neal-Barnett博士说，这些症状往往至少会持续两周。
知识点解读：
1. struggle to focus：难以集中注意力，是非常地道的表达，例如，“Children who struggle to focus in class focus a lot better on the laptops. "在课堂上很难集中注意力的孩子们在笔记本电脑上更容易集中注意力。”
2.induce：导致；引起；诱使，例如，“I tried to induce him to see a doctor but I failed.我试着说服他去看医生，但失败了。”
3.overwhelming sense of：无法抑制的……感觉，例如，“And this was the surprising part, for I suddenly felt an overwhelming sense of abandonment, hurt, and fear.令人吃惊的是，我突然间感到一种强烈的抛弃、伤害和恐惧。”
4.tend to：倾向于，例如，“These parents also tend to believe in the effectiveness of spanking or believe the child is at fault in a given situation.这些家庭的的父母认为在孩子犯错误的时候打屁股是一种有效方法。”
另外表示“倾向于做某事”的表达还有：
be inclined to：“You may be inclined to spread yourself a little thin because you are trying to handle six things at once.因为你总是想一次处理很多事，所以你有些分身乏术。”
prone to:“Settlements in areas prone to storms, floods or forest fires might have to be fortified or moved.易受风暴、洪水或森林火灾侵袭的定居地可能要加固或迁徙。”
第七段：A key differentiator is that burnout gets better when you step away from work, said Dr. Rebecca Brendel, president of the American Psychiatric Association. When you take vacation time, or a mental health day, you feel at least slightly recharged. Depression doesn’t go away if you change your circumstances. “There’s not that bounce-back effect,” she said. “It takes more than that.”
参考译文：美国精神病学协会主席丽贝卡·布伦德尔博士说，一个关键的区别是，当你离开工作时，倦怠会变得更好。当你放假时，或者是心理健康日，你至少会感觉到精力恢复了些。但是抑郁症不会因为你改变环境而消失。"没有那种反弹的效果，"她说。"它需要更多的东西去改变。"
知识点解读：
1.step away from：逃避；从…退出，例如，“The next bolt is even closer . It raises the hair on the back of my neck , and I take an involuntary step away from the window .第二道闪电离得更近。我惊得寒毛倒竖，不由得从窗边后退了一步。”
2.Recharged：恢复精力，例如，“Once you do that, you'll be re-focused, recharged, and ready to work at 100% capacity.一旦你做到这一点，您将重新集中，充满能量，并准备以100%的能力开始工作。”
3.bounce-back：反弹的，例如，“The moment you relax or take your attention away from keeping it submerged, the ball will bounce back up and splash water in your face.一旦你放松或一不留神那么球就会向上弹起将水溅在你的脸上。”
第一段：Q: I’m tired all the time and feel unproductive at work. How do I know if I’m depressed or burned out
参考译文：问：我老是很累，工作也没啥产出。我怎么知道我是抑郁症还是倦怠症？
知识点解读：
1.Unproductive：产量少的；效果不佳的；无益的（做此意思时非常地道，可用于替代useless），例如，“Learning and growing up in such an environment, one may regard dreaming as an unproductive act.在这样的环境中学习和成长，人们会把做梦当作一种徒劳无益的行为。”
2.depressed：抑郁的；沮丧的；意志消沉的，在医学上表示“患有抑郁症的”，例如，“If you think you may be depressed, talk to your doctor or seek help from a mental health provider.如果你认为你可能得抑郁症了，那么请与你的医生倾诉或者向心理健康服务提供者寻求帮助。”
burn out：(精力、热情等)耗尽【常考的意思，是非常地道的表达】，燃料枯竭，例如，“Don't try to run the whole show or do most of the work. Others will become less involved. And you will burn out.不要试着去操控整个事情或者包揽所有的工作。否去其他人会参与的很少。而你也会被累死的。”
第二段：The exhaustion, when it hits, is all-consuming. Your inbox chimes and you want to fling your phone across the room. You’re sick of your apartment; you can’t stand to leave your apartment. You fumble for the right word: You tell friends you are tired or fried or just done.
参考译文：精疲力尽的感受来袭时让人无比耗神。收件箱收到新邮件发出声音，你巴不得把手机扔到房间另一边。你受够了你的住所，但又厌烦外出。你琢磨着用哪个词更合适：是告诉朋友自己只是累了，还是累晕了，还是累倒了呢？
知识点解读：
1.exhaustion：筋疲力尽；疲惫不堪，程度会比“tire”重很多，例如，“After a few days, exhaustion set in and the climbers were forced to give up their attempt to reach the top of the mountain.几天之后，疲劳袭来，登山者不得不放弃登上顶峰的打算。”此外，“exhaustion-box”表示“排气箱”。
2.all-consuming：耗尽时间（或精力）的；全身心投入的，例如，“The work of raising children and supporting a family is all consuming.培养孩子和养家这项工作是非常消耗人的事情。”
3.fling：扔，掷，抛，丢，是一个比较迅猛的动作，常常指用力投掷，或因感情激动而粗暴或漫无目地扔东西。例如，“The explosion flung him into the sea.爆炸把他抛到了海里。”常见的词组有“fling up向上猛抛”、“fling at 扔向；抨击”和“at one fling 一鼓作气”，例如，“The child finished building the sand castle at one fling.这个小孩一口气堆成了个沙子城堡。”。此外表示“扔”的词还有如下：
throw：一般用词，使用广泛，仅用力抛掷，不涉及动作方式或感彩。
Cast：常可与throw互换，迅速扔出一个重量较轻物体。
Heave：把重物举起后扔出。
Hurl：通常用力投掷，动作迅猛，所投掷距离也较远。
Pitch：随意、轻轻掷或扔，侧重方向性和有明确目标。
Toss：无什么目、轻轻、随意掷或扔，所扔掷西一般都比较轻。
be sick of: 厌恶；对…感到厌倦；对…厌倦，例如，“Everyone will be sick of having the same food for several days.几天连续吃同样的食物，任何人都会腻烦。”
第三段：
How do you know if this wave of weariness signals a case of burnout— or full-blown depression We asked experts for ways to tell the difference between the two, and how to alleviate the symptoms of both.
What’s the difference between burnout and depression
参考译文：如何分辨这波倦怠是单纯的倦怠，还是整体抑郁的前奏？我们向专家请教了如何区分这两种情况，以及如何减轻这两种情况所引发的症状。
第四段：
What’s the difference between burnout and depression
参考译文：倦怠和抑郁有什么区别
知识点解读：
1.signal：作名词表示“信号”，做动词表示“发出信号、标志”，例如，“The teacher signaled to the boy to begin.老师向那个男孩做手势，叫他开始。”
2.full-blown：表示“具所有特征的、成熟的、全面的”。是很地道的英文表达。
3.alleviate：减轻，缓解，尤其是身体的疼痛、精神的压力等，例如，“Heat often alleviates pain.热常常能减缓。”表达“缓解”的词还有如下：
relieve:“Ginkgo has been used to relieve tension and anxiety and improve mental alertness, elevate mood and restore energy.银杏已应用于舒缓紧张和精神过敏，提高情绪，恢复体力。”
mitigate:“Faster productivity growth could help to mitigate the slowdown, but it does not seem to be forthcoming.较快的生产力增长将有助于缓解经济放缓，但似乎不大可能来临。”
ease：“It's nothing like an old school safety brief to put your mind at ease.没什么比个老学校安全简短，来放轻松心情了。”
第五段：The concept of burnout comes from workplace psychology. Workers can become burned out when they feel like they don’t have control over their day-to-day lives, getting bogged down in the minutiae of their tasks. People who are burned out may feel depleted and cynical about their jobs; they can resent their assignments and co-workers. They might feel irritable and ineffective, like they just can’t get anything done. For people who interact with others in their jobs, like health care workers or people in the retail and service industries, they might start to lose empathy, thinking of patients or customers as just another number, or a rote task to complete. There are also a litany of physical symptoms that can come with the unending stress of burnout: insomnia, headaches, gastrointestinal issues.
参考译文：职业倦怠的概念来自于工作心理学。当工人感到他们无法控制自己的日常生活，被任务的细枝末节所困扰时，他们就会变得倦怠。倦怠的人可能会感到枯竭，并对他们的工作持嘲讽态度；他们可能会怨恨他们的任务和同事。他们可能会感到烦躁和无力，好像什么都做不了。对于在工作中与他人互动的人，如医疗保健工作者或零售和服务行业的人，他们可能开始失去同情心，认为病人或客户只是一个数字，或一个需要重复完成的任务。伴随无休止的职业倦怠压力而来的还有一连串的身体症状：失眠、头痛、胃肠道问题。
知识点解读：
这一段主要学习一些表达情绪的词语
1.depleted：形容人时表示精力等枯竭的，例如，“Rushing and running on his job all day long, his energy is depleted at the end of the day.奔忙了一整天的工作，他的精力肯定是被大大消耗了。”
2.cynical：认为人皆自私的；愤世嫉俗的，例如，“I've never been on a date, have always despised children, and I spend much of my time observing the world with calculating and cynical eyes.我从未约会过，总是不待见小孩儿，终我一生的大部分时光，我都在用一种精明而愤世嫉俗的眼光打量这个世界。”
3.Resent：愤恨；感到气愤，例如，“He resented his friend's remark.他怨恨他朋友所说的话。”
4.Irritable：易怒的, 急躁的，例如，“She was irritable when she was unhappy.她不高兴时, 容易发脾气。”
5.ineffective：无效的；失效的；效率低的，例如，“Shaking his head, Zi Gong considered that this countryside lagged too much and the way of working was ineffective.子贡摇了摇头，认为这个乡下地方实在是太落伍了，工作如此的没有效率。”
6.Insomnia: 失眠（症）,例如，“This is precisely the case told me to irritability, increased the rate of defective did not say, insomnia every night.这样的情形叫我烦躁不安，次品率提高了不说，还夜夜失眠。”
第六段：As with burnout, people with depression may sleep too much or too little, and may struggle to focus. People with depression may isolate themselves from others; they may feel like it takes a lot of energy to shower or eat. Depression can induce an overwhelming sense of sadness and hopelessness. In severe cases, people with depression may start having thoughts that they are worthless, or that life is not worth living. These symptoms tend to last for at least two weeks, Dr. Gold and Dr. Neal-Barnett said.
参考译文：与职业倦怠一样，抑郁症患者可能会睡得太多或太少，并可能难以集中注意力。抑郁症患者可能会将自己与他人隔离开来；他们可能会觉得洗澡或吃饭都要花很多精力。抑郁症可以诱发一种压倒性的悲伤和无望感。在严重的情况下，抑郁症患者可能开始有这样的想法：他们没有价值，或认为生活不值得过。Gold博士和Neal-Barnett博士说，这些症状往往至少会持续两周。
知识点解读：
1. struggle to focus：难以集中注意力，是非常地道的表达，例如，“Children who struggle to focus in class focus a lot better on the laptops. "在课堂上很难集中注意力的孩子们在笔记本电脑上更容易集中注意力。”
2.induce：导致；引起；诱使，例如，“I tried to induce him to see a doctor but I failed.我试着说服他去看医生，但失败了。”
3.overwhelming sense of：无法抑制的……感觉，例如，“And this was the surprising part, for I suddenly felt an overwhelming sense of abandonment, hurt, and fear.令人吃惊的是，我突然间感到一种强烈的抛弃、伤害和恐惧。”
4.tend to：倾向于，例如，“These parents also tend to believe in the effectiveness of spanking or believe the child is at fault in a given situation.这些家庭的的父母认为在孩子犯错误的时候打屁股是一种有效方法。”
另外表示“倾向于做某事”的表达还有：
be inclined to：“You may be inclined to spread yourself a little thin because you are trying to handle six things at once.因为你总是想一次处理很多事，所以你有些分身乏术。”
prone to:“Settlements in areas prone to storms, floods or forest fires might have to be fortified or moved.易受风暴、洪水或森林火灾侵袭的定居地可能要加固或迁徙。”
第七段：A key differentiator is that burnout gets better when you step away from work, said Dr. Rebecca Brendel, president of the American Psychiatric Association. When you take vacation time, or a mental health day, you feel at least slightly recharged. Depression doesn’t go away if you change your circumstances. “There’s not that bounce-back effect,” she said. “It takes more than that.”
参考译文：美国精神病学协会主席丽贝卡·布伦德尔博士说，一个关键的区别是，当你离开工作时，倦怠会变得更好。当你放假时，或者是心理健康日，你至少会感觉到精力恢复了些。但是抑郁症不会因为你改变环境而消失。"没有那种反弹的效果，"她说。"它需要更多的东西去改变。"
知识点解读：
1.step away from：逃避；从…退出，例如，“The next bolt is even closer . It raises the hair on the back of my neck , and I take an involuntary step away from the window .第二道闪电离得更近。我惊得寒毛倒竖，不由得从窗边后退了一步。”
2.Recharged：恢复精力，例如，“Once you do that, you'll be re-focused, recharged, and ready to work at 100% capacity.一旦你做到这一点，您将重新集中，充满能量，并准备以100%的能力开始工作。”
3.bounce-back：反弹的，例如，“The moment you relax or take your attention away from keeping it submerged, the ball will bounce back up and splash water in your face.一旦你放松或一不留神那么球就会向上弹起将水溅在你的脸上。”