(共44张PPT)
Unit 5 Educational exchanges
Period 3 Grammar
牛津深圳·广州版八年级上册
Learning objectives
1.Knowledge objectives:
①Students should master the basic structure and usage of the present perfect tense.
②Understand and master the adverbs "already, yet, ever, never" often used with the present perfect tense, and know their usage.
4. Be able to find the language rules of the present perfect tense and use them flexibly.
2.Skill objectives:
Students can master the three basic sentence patterns of the present perfect tense.
Learning objectives
3.Emotional objectives:
Be able to find the language rules of the present perfect tense and use them flexibly.
4.Thinking capacity：
Analysis, reasoning, judgment, rational expression, multiple thinking in English and other activities.
Watch video
Do you know what the present perfect tense is
Presentation
I've learnt to use chopsticks, and they're teaching me a little Chinese.
2. It's been a fantastic experience so far.
3. We've already learnt a lot about Chinese culture and history.
4. The teachers have introduced us to Chinese painting as well.
5. We've also tried to paint some pictures ourselves.
6. I haven't had much success yet, but I'll keep trying.
7. I've made many new friends.
Look for the sentences that represent the present perfect tense in the text you have learned before.
Grammar
现在完成时的定义及构成：
现在完成时表示的是过去的动作对现在的影响或过去的动作持续到现在。
肯定结构为:have/has + 动词的过去分词。
否定形式:haven’t/hasn’t + 动词的过去分词。
疑问形式:Have/Has+主语+ 动词的过去分词(+其他) 回答为: Yes, I have./No, I haven’t.
现在完成时的用法
规则动词的过去分词形式与动词的过去式形式相同，如：finished, stayed, planned,
arrived, studied等；不规则动词的过去分词需要参照附录中的去加以记忆。但大多数不
规则动词的过去分词与过去式的形式相同。
规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。五点变化规则：
(1)一般动词，在词尾直接加“-ed ”。
work---worked,visit---visited
(2)以不发音的“e、ue”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“-d ”。
live---lived
(3)以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将"y"变为"i"，再加“-ed”。
study—studied,cry—cried,try—tried
(4)“重读闭音节”结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母（w、y、x除外），辅音字母前只有一个元音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“-ed”。
stop—stopped,plan—planned
Grammar
特例：有两类动词本身应该直接加“-ed”，但由于历史习惯，依旧要双写最后一个字母，再加“-ed”。以“元音字母+l”非重读结尾的规则动词变过去分词也要双写“l",再加“-ed”。例如cancel→cancelled，dial→dialled。另外还有一些以非重读闭音节结尾的规则动词变过去分词也要双写最后一个辅音字母,再加“-ed”。例如：kidnap → kidnapped，worship→worshipped。而上述两种情况在美国一般却直接加“-ed”。
(5)以c结尾的动词，要变c为ck，再加“-ed”。
picnic→picnicked，traffic→trafficked
(6)以及一些不规则变化动词
see—seen hear—heard find—found go—gone eat—eaten beat—beat
Grammar
现在完成时表示的是过去的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。它常与already, ever, just, never, yet, recently等副词连用。也可以与in the last few days/weeks/years/, these days / weeks/years/, so far等时间状语连用。在这些副词中，already与yet是相对应的，already用于肯定句中，yet用于否定句中。
Grammar
—Have you finished reading the novel yet
—I have already finished reading the book.
(我已经读完了这本书。)
—I haven't finished reading the book yet.
(我还没有读完这本书。)
I have lived here for three years.我在这儿住了三年了。
(从3年前开始，持续到现在还住在那里。)
I have lived here since 2000.
(从2000年开始到现在一直住在这儿。)
Grammar
Observe what the following two sentences mean respectively
现在完成时的标志:
过去开始的动作持续到现在，它往往和for, since构成的时间状语连用。for用于一段时
间之前(for+时间段)，而since用于某一特定的时刻之前(since+时间段+ago；since+一
般过去时的句子。)
Role-play
A:Has he/ she ever read Tom Sawyer
B: Yes, He/she has./ No, He/she hasn't.
A: What does he/she think of it
B: It's ....
Look at the picture and use the present perfect tense to have a conversation.
A:Have you ever seen Notre Dame (巴黎圣母院)in Paris
B:Yes, I have./ No, I haven't.
Role-play
Look at the picture and use the present perfect tense to have a conversation.
Grammar
We use the present perfect tense to talk about things that happened in the past but have a connection to the present in some way.
A The present perfect tense
Grammar
I/You/We/They have made have not made a lot of new friends
Have I/you/We/They made a lot of new friends
Yes, you/I/we/they have.
No, have not.
He/she/It has made has not made a lot of new friends.
Has he/she/it made a lot of new friends
Yes. he/she/it has
No. has not.
We form the present perfect
tense with ____or ________
+ the past participle of the main
verb.
Work out the rule
●I/You/We/They have = I've / You've / We've/ They've
He/She/It has = He's/She's/lt's
have not - haven't
has not - hasn't
●The past participle of a regular verb is usually the same as its past tense. You can find the past participles of some irregular verbs on pages 141
and 142.
Things to remember
Grammar
have
has
Eric has been in Beijing for a plete his email to his mother with the present perfect tense of the verbs in brackets.
TO:Mum
From:Eric
Dear Mum,
I've been in Beijing for a week now. I (1)_________ (meet) my host family. They're really friendly. My host brother Wei and(2)___________ (play) a lot of football at a park near his home. We both enjoy football very much. Mrs Li, my host mother,(3)_________ (cook) me delicious Chinese food.
Grammar
have met
have played
has cooked
I (4) ____________ (study) Chinese with my British classmates.We (5)__________ (see) some places of interest in Beijing too.
However, I (6)____________ (not, visit) the Great wall yet, and I (7)_____________(not, do) any shopping either. I'll do these things next week.
Love,
Eric
Grammar
have studied
have seen
haven't visited
haven't done
We can use already, yet, ever and never with the present perfect tense.
Sarah has already seen many places of interest in Beijing.
Have you seen the Great Wall yet
No, I have not seen the Great Wall yet.
Have you ever visited the Summer Palace
No. I have never visited the Summer Palace.
B The present perfect tense with already, yet, ever and never
Grammar
●We can use the adverbs already, ever and never (before/after)
have/has and (before/after) the main verb.
●We often use yet at the (beginning/end) of a question or a negative
sentence.
Grammar
Work out the rule
already、yet、ever 和never的用法
1.already
位于have和has之后，行为动词之前;有时也可位于句末。意为“已经”，强调前不久完成的动作对现在产生的影响，常用于现在完成时的肯定中 。
He has already got her help.
他已经得到了她的帮助。
My uncle has written ten books already.
我叔叔已经写了十本书了。
Grammar
Already、yet、 ever 和never的用法
2.yet
通常位于句末，用于现在完成时的否定句中，意为“仍未;尚末”，表示某事在某一时间尚未发生，但未来也许会发生。
I haven't got a letter from him yet.
我还没有收到他的来信。
Have they said sorry to you yet
用于现在完成时的疑问句中，意为“已经”，用来询问某事是否已发生。
Grammar
Already、yet、ever 和never的用法
3.ever
位于have和has之后，行为动词之前;意为“在任何时候;从来;曾经”，常用于现在完成时的疑问句或含有形容词最高级的肯定句中。
Have you ever sung this English song
你曾唱过这首英文歌吗
He is the tallest person I have ever seen.
他是我所见过的个子最高的人。
Grammar
Grammar
Already、 yet、ever和never的用法
4.never
位于have和has之后，行为动词之前;有时也可位于句首。意为“从不;未曾”，主要用于否定句。
I have never been to Beijing.我从来没有去过北京。
He has never eaten this kind of fruit.他从来没有吃过这种水果。
Never have I read this book.我从来没有读过这本书。
B1 Sarah wants to know whether the students from Beijing have visited any places in
London before. Ask and answer questions in pairs. Follow the example.
See Big Ben Visit Tower Bridge Tour around Buckingham Palace
Alice × √ (two years ago) ×
George √(one and a half years ago) × ×
Robin × √ ×
Group activities
S1: Has Alice ever seen Big Ben
S2:No, she hasn't. She's never seen Big Ben.
S1:Has she ever visited Tower Bridge
S2:Yes, she has. She visited it two years ago.
Group activities
S1: Has George ever seen Big Ben
S2: Yes, he has. He saw it one and a half years ago.
S1: Has he ever visited Tower Bridge
S2: No, he hasn’t. He’s never visited Tower Bridge.
S1: Has he ever toured around Buckingham Palace
S2: No, he hasn’t. He’s never toured around Buckingham Palace.
Group activities
Grammar
S1: Has Alice ever toured around Buckingham Palace
S2:No,she hasn't.She's never toured around Buckingham Palace.
S1:Has George ever seen Big Ben
S2:Yes,she has.She visited it two years ago.
B2 Later Sarah is asking the students from Beijing about what they have and have not done in London. Ask and answer questions in pairs. Follow the example.
Do shopping seen Big Ben
Alice × √
George √ ×
Robin √ √
Group activities
S1:Have you done any shopping yet, Alice
S2:No, I haven't done any shopping yet.
S1:Have you seen Big Ben yet
S2: Yes, I've already seen it.
Group activities
S1:Have you done any shopping yet,Alice
S2:Yes,I've already done some shopping.
S1:Have you seen Big Ben yet S2:No,I haven't seen it yet.
S1:Have you done any shopping yet,Robin
S2:Yes,I've already done some shopping.
S1:Have you seen Big Ben yet S2:Yes,I've already seen it.
Group activities
1.全班分成四个大组。
2.根据以下图片和文本提示，使用现在完成时态补充句子。
3.哪个小组先答出来得一分，总分五分。
Team racing
他们乘公共汽车去了香港迪斯尼乐园。
___________________________________________.
They have gone to Hong Kong Disneyland by bus
Team racing
你曾经游览过北京故宫吗？
______________________________________________________
Have you ever been to Beijing to see the Palace Museum
Team racing
你曾经游览过天坛吗？
___________________________________________
Have you ever visited the Temple of Heaven
Team racing
你曾经游览过长城吗？
_________________________________________
Have you ever visited the Great Wall
Team racing
你曾经游览过武侯祠吗？
___________________________________________
Have you ever visited the temple of Marquis Wu？
Team racing
你曾经游览过北海公园吗？
_________________________________________________
Have you ever visited Beihai Park
Team racing
1. too 和 as well 多用于口语中，语气较轻，通常用于肯定句或疑问句,一般不用于否定句，且通常放在句末。too 有时也紧跟在主语后(注：as well 不这样用)，此用法较正式。
2. also 比 too 和 as well 正式，一般也不用于否定句，它在句中的位置通常是紧靠动词,即放在行为动词之前，特殊动词之后。有时为了强调也放在句末(但不常见)。
3. either(也)通常只用于否定句，且要放在句末。
However, I haven't visited the Great wall yet, and I haven't done any shopping either. I'll
do these things next week.然而，我还没有参观长城，也没有购物。我下周要做这些事。
Language point
注：有时在肯定句之后跟一个否定句，可能用 too，also。如：
He came, but she didn’t also came. 他来了，但她没有也一起来。
He went to Washington, but not to New York too. 他去了华盛顿，但并不是也去了纽约。
比较：
He didn’t buy a computer, and she didn’t either.
他没有买电脑，她也没有买。
He bought a computer, but she didn’t too.
他买了台电脑，但她没有也买台电脑。
Language point
Summary
现在完成时的定义及构成：
现在完成时表示的是过去的动作对现在的影响或过去的动作持续到现在。
肯定结构为:have/has + 动词的过去分词。
否定形式:haven’t/hasn’t + 动词的过去分词。
疑问形式:Have/Has+主语+ 动词的过去分词(+其他) 回答为: Yes, I have./No, I haven’t.
1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they ____what's happened to him .
Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know
2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he
Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still
3、Have you met Mr Li ______？
Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago
4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .
Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written
5、—Our country ______ a lot so far .
—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .
Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better
一.单项选择
Ｂ
Ｂ
C
D
C
Exercise
Exercise
1、He has never surfed, _______ （改成反意疑问句）
2、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问)
__________ have they been here
3、The old man _____ last year.
He______________for a year.(die) （动词填空）
4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)
This factory______________ for twenty years.
5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)
Miss Gao ________ _______ _________ an hour ago.
二、句型转换
has been away
has he
How long
died
has been dead
has been open
谢谢
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