北师大版（2019）选择性必修一Unit3 Conservation综合能力测评-（有答案无听力题）

Unit3 Conservation综合能力测评
时间：100分钟　　　满分：120分
　选择题部分
第二部分　阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Many of Earth’s creatures die because of humans’ choices.These choices have nothing to do with food or shelter or anything else that helps humans survive.What kills millions of animals all over the world is that humans want to make money by doing so.
People use parts of animals for everything from hats to handbags,from jewelry to ashtrays and to make powders that supposedly improve a person’s life.Deciding that a species is endangered and protecting it by law are not always enough.People who kill wildlife illegally rarely get caught.
During the late 1980s,saving elephants became a popular cause.Wildlife protection groups made sure everyone saw pictures or films of elephants with their faces cut off for their ivory.These groups also proved that certain populations of elephants were decreasing.As a result,most people stopped buying objects made of ivory.Laws against poaching(偷猎) were made stronger.Many countries made importing ivory illegal.Killing elephants for their ivory became more risky and less profitable(有利可图的).
However,concern for certain species will become weak after a while.In the late 1970s,people protested (抗议) against the killing of seal babies.Everyone was shocked to see young seals being killed in their icy habitat.The cruel activity stopped.But ten years later,the number of seal babies killed was higher than ever.
Other animal protection movements have come and gone,such as saving the whales and protecting dolphins.The whale population appears to have increased for now.And the laws are finally changed in America to protect the dolphins that swim with tuna fish in parts of the Pacific Ocean.
In the years to come,people’s attention will probably turn to some other endangered species.Plenty of them urgently need attention.During this time,will the elephants be forgotten
1.What leads to the disappearance of millions of wild animals
A.The growing human population.
B.Humans’ hope for making a fortune.
C.Humans’ too much need for wild food.
D.Not having enough laws on wildlife protection.
2.What can you infer from the text about what happened in the late 1980s
A.Wildlife protection groups did make great efforts.
B.Importing ivory in all countries is illegal.
C.Those who killed elephants all got caught.
D.Hunting was completely not allowed.
3.Why are seal babies mentioned in Paragraph 4
A.To show the effort to protect seal babies.
B.To show an increasing number of seal babies.
C.To show the decrease of worry about certain species.
D.To show people’s protest against the killing of seal babies.
4.What does the author mean by using the underlined sentence
A.Humans should choose some rare animals to protect.
B.Attention must be paid to saving some endangered wildlife.
C.Success has been achieved in quite a few cases of wildlife protection.
D.Concern and movements for animal protection should be always kept.
B
When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list,fur probably didn’t cross your mind.But some ecologists and fashion(时装) enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles.“It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur—unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,”says Cree McCree,project director of Righteous Fur.
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail.Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild.“The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species(物种).It’s destroying the environment.It’s them or us,”says Michael Massimi,an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades,but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s,the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana.He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green,but he has no doubt about it.Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year,so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.
Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashions.Model Paige Morgan says,“To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them—I think that’s going to be a massive thing,at least here in New York.”Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable.She’s trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.
5.What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn
A.To promote guilt-free fur.
B.To expand the fashion market.
C.To introduce a new brand.
D.To celebrate a winter holiday.
6.Why are scientists concerned about nutria
A.Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.
B.Nutria are an endangered species.
C.Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.
D.Nutria are illegally hunted.
7.What does the underlined word “collapsed” in Paragraph 5 probably mean
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A.Boomed. B.Became mature.
C.Remained stable. D.Crashed.
8.What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan
A.It’s formal. B.It’s risky.
C.It’s harmful. D.It’s traditional.
C
In the past 50 years,the amount of water in the open ocean with zero oxygen has gone up more than fourfold.In coastal water bodies,including river mouths and seas,low-oxygen sites have increased more than tenfold since 1950.Scientists expect oxygen to continue dropping even outside these zones as Earth warms.
“Oxygen is fundamental to life in the Oceans,” said Denise Breitburg,a marine ecologist with the Smithsonian Environmental Research Centre.“The decline in ocean oxygen ranks among the most serious effects of human activities on the Earth’s environment.Actually,it’s a great loss to all the support services that rely on recreation and tourism,including hotels and restaurants and taxi drivers and everything else.The reverberations(严重影响) of unhealthy ecosystems in the ocean can be extensive.”
In areas traditionally called “dead zones”,like those in Chesapeake Bay and the Gulf of Mexico,oxygen plummets(大幅下跌) to so low levels that many animals die.As fish avoid these zones,their habitats become smaller and they’re easier to be attacked or caught.But the problem goes far beyond “dead zones”.Even smaller oxygen decline can prevent growth in animals,hinder reproduction and lead to disease or even death.It can also cause the release of dangerous chemicals such as nitrous oxide,a greenhouse gas up to 300 times more powerful than carbon dioxide.While some animals can boom in “dead zones”,overall biodiversity falls.
Climate change is the key criminal in the open ocean.Warming surface waters make it harder for oxygen to reach the inside of the ocean.Furthermore,as the ocean as a whole gets warmer,it holds less oxygen.In coastal waters,too much nutrient pollution from land creates algal blooms,which use up oxygen as they die and break down.
People’s livelihoods are also on the line,the scientists reported,especially in developing nations.Smaller fisheries(渔场) may be unable to relocate when low oxygen destroys their harvests or forces fish to move elsewhere.So we humans have to carry on a war now and win the war.
9.What does the first paragraph mainly talk about
A.The ocean has been losing its oxygen.
B.The amount of sea water is increasing.
C.The coastal water bodies are dangerous.
D.Earth becomes warmer and warmer.
10.What can we infer from Denise Breitburg’s words
A.Different oceans have different levels of oxygen.
B.The decline in ocean oxygen has great influences.
C.The future of tourism relies on the levels of ocean oxygen.
D.The decrease in ocean oxygen is the most serious environmental problem.
11.How does the “dead zone” affect sea animals
A.It offers more food.
B.It forms dangerous gas.
C.It reduces their living areas.
D.It produces more carbon dioxide.
D
Swimming in the water of Hawaii’s Big Island is a fun experience.But it can be more exciting if there are dolphins swimming around and jumping out of the sea too.For many people,it would be a wonderful dream to swim with these lovely animals!However,this may not be good for dolphins.They may get hurt because of human interaction(互动).
Dolphins are active and usually look for food at night.In the day,they like to rest in shallow bays(浅湾).Many people think the dolphins are awake during the day as they swim.But when they sleep they rest half of their brain and keep the other half awake to breathe,so they may be sleeping even when they’re swimming in the water.
From 2010 to 2013,spinner dolphins(飞旋海豚) of Hawaii’s Big Island were exposed to human activities more than 82 percent of the time,according to Julian Tyne,a researcher at Australia’s Murdoch University.
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) says disturbing the animals in their near-shore habitat could force them to swim to less favourable places,putting them at risk of being attacked by sharks and other animals.
Besides,when people are around,dolphins become more active.Thus,they can’t get enough sleep.“Disturbing their resting behaviours can actually affect their long-term health and the health of the dolphin population,” Ann Garrett of NOAA’s National Marine Fisheries Service told the Associated Press.
As a result,the NOAA wants to make rules to help protect the dolphins.For example,the agency(机构) may ban swimming with the Hawaii spinner dolphins.Or they may stop people from swimming in shallow bays when the dolphins are resting.Tour operators must also be taught to watch for signs to know when the dolphins are in their resting state.
12.What would they do when dolphins are disturbed in their near-shore habitat
A.Swim to a crowded place.
B.Move closer to sharks.
C.Become less active.
D.Likely sleep longer.
13.Which activity is against the rules
A.Swimming with the Hawaii spinner dolphins.
B.Swimming in bays where the dolphins live.
C.Making signs that show the dolphins’ resting state.
D.Making signs that show where the dolphins are.
14.What does the article mainly talk about
A.What habits dolphins have.
B.What spinner dolphins are.
C.How the animals live in the sea.
D.How to protect dolphins near the shore.
15.Which of the following about dolphins is NOT true
A.They spend most of their time sleeping at night.
B.They like to stay in shallow bays during the day.
C.They keep half of their brain awake while sleeping.
D.They may be sleeping even when they’re swimming.
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Environmental pollution kills 1.7 million children under the age of five every year worldwide.This is according to the World Health Organisation (WHO).The WHO warns that child deaths will increase greatly if pollution continues to worsen.
The most common causes of death among children aged one month to five years are diarrhea,malaria and pneumonia.This is according to the WHO.　1　 This means providing access to safe water and sanitation,limiting exposure to dangerous chemicals,and improving waste management.
　2　 The WHO estimates that air pollution is responsible for about 6.5 million premature,or early deaths every year.That number includes nearly 600,000 deaths of children under the age of five.Most of these deaths take place in developing countries.
Air pollution is a leveler between rich and poor,according to WHO environment and health chief Maria Neira.　3　 And one of the most important ways to reduce air pollution is to produce cleaner fuels for cooking and heating.“Almost half of the world population is using dirty fuels for cooking,heating,and lighting at home.And,this is affecting very much mothers who are staying and cooking at home,but the children who are around mothers are exposed as well.” Early exposure to harmful pollutants can lead to increased risk of chronic respiratory disease,asthma,heart disease,stroke and cancer later in life.
Cleaning up how the world cooks,heats and lights homes and other buildings is a big-picture goal.The WHO is advising government departments and industries such as construction and the health sector to work together to clean up their environment.
　4　 The US Environmental Protection Agency has the following suggestions:
· Avoid walking where there is a high volume of vehicle traffic.
·　5　
· Limit your time outside if you live in an area that issues warnings about air quality.
· Wear high-grade,rated face masks tightly to the face when air quality is poor.
· Remove your clothes and wash immediately after entering your house if you live or commute in a very polluted area.
A.However,of all the environmental pollutants,air pollution is being called the most dangerous.
B.But what can individuals do to limit our family’s exposure to air pollution
C.Therefore,the WHO stresses that governments around the world need to take the lead on ensuring that children grow up in a clean environment.
D.The organisation also says reducing environmental risks can prevent such deaths.
E.A polluted environment is a deadly one—particularly for young children.
F.Everybody,she says,needs to breathe.
G.Equip homes with air filters and air conditioning units.
第三部分　语言运用(共三节，满分40分)
第一节　完形填空(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Molai grew up in a tiny village in India.The village lay near some wetlands which became his second 　1　.He learned the value and beauty of 　2　 there from a very young age.
When he was 16,Molai began to notice something 　3　 happening around his home.A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 　4　 it caused had driven away a number of birds.　5　,the number of snakes had declined as well.He 　6　 that it was because there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the 　7　.The solution,of course,was to plant trees so the animals could seek 　8　 during the daytime.He turned to the 　9　 department for help but was told that nothing would grow there.However,Molai went looking on his own and 　10　 a nearby island where he began to plant trees.
　11　 young plants in the dry season was 　12　 for a lone boy.Molai built at the 　13　 of each sapling(幼树) a bamboo platform,where he placed earthen pots with small holes to 　14　 rainwater.The water would then drip(滴落) on the plants below.
Molai 　15　 to plant trees for the next 37 years.His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.
1.A.dream B.job
C.home D.choice
2.A.nature B.youth
C.culture D.knowledge
3.A.precious B.interesting
C.disturbing D.awkward
4.A.waste B.tension
C.pain D.damage
5.A.Besides B.However
C.Therefore D.Otherwise
6.A.agreed B.realized
C.remembered D.predicted
7.A.noise B.heat
C.disease D.dust
8.A.directions B.partners
C.help D.shelter
9.A.labour B.police
C.forest D.finance
10.A.rebuilt B.discovered
C.left D.managed
11.A.Decorating B.Observing
C.Watering D.Guarding
12.A.tough B.illegal
C.fantastic D.beneficial
13.A.back B.top
C.foot D.side
14.A.cool down B.keep off
C.purify D.collect
15.A.returned B.learned
C.failed D.continued
非选择题部分
第二节 语篇语法填空(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Daisy is a girl who cares about our environment.She always longs to help 　1　 (endanger) species of wildlife.One day,she 　2　 (wake) up and found a flying carpet which took her to many 　3　(place) to experience something amazing.In Tibet,Daisy saw an antelope looking sad and it told her the species was being killed.Then the carpet showed her a place 　4　 there was some wildlife protection.There she came across 　5　 elephant,from whom she knew they used to be hunted 　6　 mercy.But now good things are being done to save local wildlife.Knowing that,Daisy burst into 　7　 (laugh) in relief.At the end of the journey,she met a monkey 　8　 (rub) himself to protect himself from mosquitoes.The monkey asked her to pay 　9　 (much) attention to the rainforest.Finally,Daisy 　10　 (full) understood the meaning of “no rainforest,no animals,no drugs”.
第四部分　写作(满分40分)
第一节 应用文写作（15分）
如今灭绝的物种越来越多,保护濒危动物尤为重要。现就如何保护濒危动物写一篇文章,内容如下:
1.动物濒危的原因;
2.保护的措施;
3.呼吁大家。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
第二节 概要写作（25分）
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
The word“ecosystem” is short for ecological system.An ecosystem is where living creatures expand within a given area.You can say that an ecosystem is the natural environment where biological organisms such as plants,animals and humans coexist in this world.So naturally that includes you and me.Yes,we are all members of an ecosystem!
There are different kinds of ecosystems depending on the type of surface or environment.Most are naturally made such as the ocean or lake and the desert or rainforest.Some are man-made or artificial to encourage cohabitation(共居) between living and non-living things in a monitored environment,such as a zoo or garden.
Plants make up the biggest group of biological creatures within an ecosystem,and that’s because they are the natural food producers for everyone.Plants raised in the earth need air and collect sunlight to help them grow.When they grow,the plants and their fruits or flowers eventually become a source of food to animals,micro-organism and even humans,of course.Food is then converted to energy for the rest of us to function,and this happens in a never-ending cycle until the living creatures die and break up back in the earth.
Ecosystems are the basis of survival for all living things.We depend on plants and animals for food.In order for us to exist,we need to grow and care about other organisms.We also need to care for the non-living things within our environment like air and water so we can continue living as a population.Since plants,animals and humans are all of various species,we all play a role in maintaining the ecosystem.
To preserve our ecosystems,we should stop using too much energy,which happens when we consume more than our share of resources.Humans should not disturb the natural habitat of plants and animals,and allow them to grow healthily for the cycle to continue.Too many people in a habitat can mean displacement:imagine being thrown out of your home because there is no more space for everyone.Worse,overpopulation can also ruin the environment and cause destruction of existing plants and animals.
参考答案：
【阅读理解】
A
1-4BACD
B
5-8AADB
C
9-11ABC
D
12-15BADA
【七选五】
DAFBG
【完形填空】
1-5CACDA 6-10BBDCB 11-15CABDD
【语篇语法填空】
1.endangered
2.woke
3.places
4.where
5.an
6.without
7.laughter
8.rubbing
9.more
10.fully
【应用文】
Everyone knows animals are our friends.But many animals are facing the danger of extinction,because the environment that they are living in has been destroyed greatly.What’s worse,human race is killing them just for getting their fur,skin,teeth and meat.
In order to protect our resources of ecology,our government should pass laws and forbid people to hunt the animals in danger.We can work together to plant more trees and call for protecting animals’ habitats.At the same time,it is necessary to have long-term projects to help the endangered animals.
Only if we protect animals well can we have a bright future!
【概要写作】
An ecosystem is the natural environment for all biological organisms to coexist.(要点1) Ecosystems have different varieties,either naturally made ones or artificial ones.(要点2) Plants,as the natural producers for everyone,are the biggest part of an ecosystem.(要点3) We need to care for all the living and non-living things to survive.(要点4) To achieve the purpose,we should pay attention to issues like the overuse of energy,disturbance of natural habitats and overpopulation.(要点5)